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Liang R, Wang L, Yang Q, Xu Q, Sun S, Zhou H, Zhao M, Gao J, Zheng C, Yang J, Ming D. Time-course adaptive changes in hippocampal transcriptome and synaptic function induced by simulated microgravity associated with cognition. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1275771. [PMID: 37868195 PMCID: PMC10585108 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1275771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The investigation of cognitive function in microgravity, both short-term and long-term, remains largely descriptive. And the underlying mechanisms of the changes over time remain unclear. Methods Behavioral tests, electrophysiological recording, and RNA sequencing were used to observe differences in behavior, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression. Results Initially, we measured the performance of spatial cognition exposed to long-term simulated microgravity (SM). Both working memory and advanced cognitive abilities were enhanced. Somewhat surprisingly, the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse was impaired. To gain insight into the mechanism of changing regularity over time, transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus was performed. The analysis identified 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus after short-term modeling, 19 of which were up-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that these up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in synaptic-related processes, such as Stxbp5l and Epha6. This might be related to the enhancement of working memory performance under short-term SM exposure. Under exposure to long-term SM, 7 DEGs were identified in the hippocampus, all of which were up-regulated and related to oxidative stress and metabolism, such as Depp1 and Lrg1. Compensatory effects occurred with increased modeling time. Discussion To sum up, our current research indicates that the cognitive function under SM exposure is consistently maintained or potentially even being enhanced over both short and long durations. The underlying mechanisms are intricate and potentially linked to the differential expression of hippocampal-associated genes and alterations in synaptic function, with these effects being time-dependent. The present study will lay the experimental and theoretical foundation of the multi-level mechanism of cognitive function under space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shufan Sun
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haichen Zhou
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiling Zhao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND For a number of mental health disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), there are not many available treatment options. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the potential of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) to restore function for patients with these disorders. The primary hypothesis is that MDMA, via prosocial effects, increases the ability of patients to address the underlying psychopathology of the disorder. However, the use of MDMA poses potential problems of neurotoxicity, in addition to its own potential for misuse. METHODS In this article, the proposed potential of MDMA as an adjunct to psychotherapy for PTSD is evaluated. The rationale for the use of MDMA and the positive results of studies that have administered MDMA in the treatment of PTSD are provided (pros). A description of potential adverse effects of treatment is also presented (cons). An overview of MDMA pharmacology and pharmacokinetics and a description of potential adverse effects of treatments are also presented. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-produced oxytocin release and decreased expression of fear conditioning as well as one of the MDMA enantiomers (the n R- entaniomer) are suggested as potential mechanisms for the beneficial effects of MDMA in PTSD (suggestions). RESULTS There is some evidence that MDMA facilitates recovery of PTSD. However, the significant adverse effects of MDMA raise concern for its adoption as a pharmacotherapy. Alternative potential treatments with less adverse effects and that are based on the ubiquitous pharmacology of MDMA are presented. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that additional research investigating the basis for the putative beneficial effects of MDMA might reveal an effective treatment with fewer adverse effects. Suggestions of alternative treatments based on the behavioral pharmacology and toxicology of MDMA and its enantiomers are presented.
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Ashabi G, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Khalifeh S, Elhampour L, Zarrindast MR. NMDA receptor adjusted co-administration of ecstasy and cannabinoid receptor-1 agonist in the amygdala via stimulation of BDNF/Trk-B/CREB pathway in adult male rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:221-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Petschner P, Tamasi V, Adori C, Kirilly E, Ando RD, Tothfalusi L, Bagdy G. Retraction Note to: Gene expression analysis indicates CB1 receptor upregulation in the hippocampus and neurotoxic effects in the frontal cortex 3 weeks after single-dose MDMA administration in Dark Agouti rats. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:721. [PMID: 27608804 PMCID: PMC5017066 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viola Tamasi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kirilly
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Romeo D Ando
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tothfalusi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary. .,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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Petschner P, Juhasz G, Tamasi V, Adori C, Tothfalusi L, Hökfelt T, Bagdy G. Chronic venlafaxine treatment fails to alter the levels of galanin system transcripts in normal rats. Neuropeptides 2016; 57:65-70. [PMID: 26891823 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that efficacy and speed of current antidepressants' therapeutic effect are far from optimal. Thus, there is a need for the development of antidepressants with new mechanisms of action. The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors (GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3) are among the promising targets. However, it is not clear whether or not the galanin system is involved in the antidepressant effect exerted by the currently much used inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin and/or noradrenaline. To answer this question we administered the selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine (40mg/kg/day via osmotic minipumps) to normal rats and examined the levels of the transcripts for galanin and GalR1-3 after a 3-week venlafaxine treatment in the dorsal raphe, hippocampus and frontal cortex. These areas are known to be involved in the effects of antidepressants and in depression itself. Venlafaxine failed to alter the expression of any of the galanin system genes in these areas. Our results show that one of the most efficient, currently used SNRIs does not alter transcript levels of galanin or its three receptors in normal rats. These findings suggest that the pro- and antidepressive-like effects of galanin reported in animal experiments may employ a novel mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology & Neurochemistry Research Group, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology & Neurochemistry Research Group, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - Viola Tamasi
- Department of Genetics-, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary; Retzius Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laszlo Tothfalusi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Retzius Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology & Neurochemistry Research Group, H-1089, Nagyvarad ter 4., Budapest, Hungary.
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De Ron P, Dremier S, Winlow P, Jenkins A, Hanon E, Nogueira da Costa A. Correlating behaviour and gene expression endpoints in the dopaminergic system after modafinil administration in mouse. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:729-40. [PMID: 26875113 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of modafinil continue to be poorly characterised and its potential for abuse in preclinical models remains controverted. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the mechanism of action of modafinil, through a potential behavioural and molecular association in the mouse. A conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was implemented to investigate the rewarding properties of modafinil. Whole genome expression and qRT-PCR analysis were performed on the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of modafinil-treated and control animals. Modafinil administration (65 mg/kg) induced an increase in locomotor activity, an increase in the change of preference for the drug paired side after a conditioning period as well as changes to gene expression profiles in the VTA (120 genes), NAC (23 genes) and PFC (19 genes). A molecular signature consisting of twelve up-regulated genes was identified as common to the three brain regions. Multiple linear correlation analysis showed a strong correlation (R(2)>0.70) between the behavioural and molecular endpoints in the three brain regions. We show that modafinil had a concomitant effect on CPP, locomotor activity, and up-regulation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) regulated genes (Gbp2, Gbp3, Gbp10, Cd274, Igtp), while correlating the latter set of genes with behaviour changes evaluated through the CPP. A potential association can be proposed based on the dysregulation of p47 family genes and Gbp family of IFN-γ induced GTPases. In conclusion, these findings suggest a link between the behavioural and molecular events in the context of modafinil administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Ron
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - S Dremier
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - P Winlow
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - A Jenkins
- Non-Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
| | - E Hanon
- CNS Research, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Belgium
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Transcriptional evidence for the role of chronic venlafaxine treatment in neurotrophic signaling and neuroplasticity including also Glutamatergic [corrected] - and insulin-mediated neuronal processes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113662. [PMID: 25423262 PMCID: PMC4244101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Venlafaxine (VLX), a serotonine-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is one of the most commonly used antidepressant drugs in clinical practice for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite being more potent than its predecessors, similarly to them, the therapeutical effect of VLX is visible only 3-4 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Furthermore, recent papers show that antidepressants, including also VLX, enhance the motor recovery after stroke even in non depressed persons. In the present, transcriptomic-based study we looked for changes in gene expressions after a long-term VLX administration. METHODS Osmotic minipumps were implanted subcutaneously into Dark Agouti rats providing a continuous (40 mg/kg/day) VLX delivery for three weeks. Frontal regions of the cerebral cortex were isolated and analyzed using Illumina bead arrays to detect genes showing significant chances in expression. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify specific regulatory networks significantly affected by long term VLX treatment. RESULTS Chronic VLX administration may have an effect on neurotransmitter release via the regulation of genes involved in vesicular exocytosis and receptor endocytosis (such as Kif proteins, Myo5a, Sv2b, Syn2 or Synj2). Simultaneously, VLX activated the expression of genes involved in neurotrophic signaling (Ntrk2, Ntrk3), glutamatergic transmission (Gria3, Grin2b and Grin2a), neuroplasticity (Camk2g/b, Cd47), synaptogenesis (Epha5a, Gad2) and cognitive processes (Clstn2). Interestingly, VLX increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial antioxidant activity (Bcl2 and Prdx1). Additionally, VLX administration also modulated genes related to insulin signaling pathway (Negr1, Ppp3r1, Slc2a4 and Enpp1), a mechanism that has recently been linked to neuroprotection, learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that chronic VLX treatment improves functional reorganization and brain plasticity by influencing gene expression in regulatory networks of motor cortical areas. These results are consonant with the synaptic (network) hypothesis of depression and antidepressant-induced motor recovery after stroke.
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