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Zhou Q, Zhong YJ, Shan ZZ, Pan XX, Huang JY, Xiang JS, Zhang DZ, Li WW, Li J, Liu Y, Li SJ, Zhou L. Etiological Survey and Traceability Analysis of a Foodborne Disease Outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg in Guizhou Province. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:351-357. [PMID: 37471209 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To conduct a study that examined the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of Salmonella Senftenberg isolates associated with an outbreak of foodborne disease in Guizhou Province and to provide a reference basis for the traceability of foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks and clinical diagnosis and treatment in the province. Fourteen strains of suspected Salmonella isolated from patient stool and food samples were used for pathogenic identification and serotyping by biochemical and mass spectrometry methods. Fourteen types of antibiotics were tested for drug sensitivity by the microbroth dilution method, and molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). After the sequencing data were spliced by SPAdes, the gene protein sequences were compared with the Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database and Virulence Factor Database, drug resistance and virulence genes were predicted, and whole genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) was performed. The results were compared with those for Salmonella strains of the same serotype from the past 5 years in China detailed on the TraNet website. All 14 strains were identified as Salmonella Senftenberg (with the antigenic formula 1,3,19:g,s,t:-), and in the PFGE cluster tree, the strains were divided into two band types, with a similarity of 88.9%. The 14 strains were sensitive to the 14 antibiotics. WGS analysis showed that the 14 strains carried the same drug resistance and virulence genes and that all strains carried 3 aminoglycoside and lipopeptide drug resistance genes, including 114 virulence genes. The wgMLST results showed that the strains were distributed on the same small branch as those obtained from previous outbreaks of infection in Tianjin and Jilin. Salmonella Senftenberg, which caused the outbreak, carries a variety of virulence genes, which suggests that the strain is highly pathogenic. These pathogenic bacteria may be associated with the Salmonella strain in Tianjin, Jilin, and other places and have caused foodborne disease outbreaks as a result of imported contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu-Zhou Shan
- Qiandongnan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaili, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue-Xue Pan
- Qiandongnan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaili, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Yu Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Shu Xiang
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - De-Zhu Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Srednik ME, Morningstar-Shaw BR, Hicks JA, Mackie TA, Schlater LK. Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg isolates in production animals from the United States. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979790. [PMID: 36406424 PMCID: PMC9668867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the USA, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Senftenberg is among the top five serovars isolated from food and the top 11 serovars isolated from clinically ill animals. Human infections are associated with exposure to farm environments or contaminated food. The objective of this study was to characterize S. Senftenberg isolates from production animals by analyzing phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, genomic features and phylogeny. Salmonella Senftenberg isolates (n = 94) from 20 US states were selected from NVSL submissions (2014-2017), tested against 14 antimicrobial drugs, and resistance phenotypes determined. Resistance genotypes were determined using whole genome sequencing analysis with AMRFinder and the NCBI and ResFinder databases with ABRicate. Plasmids were detected using PlasmidFinder. Integrons were detected using IntFinder and manual alignment with reference genes. Multilocus-sequence-typing (MLST) was determined using ABRicate with PubMLST database, and phylogeny was determined using vSNP. Among 94 isolates, 60.6% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 39.4% showed multidrug resistance. The most prevalent resistance findings were for streptomycin (44.7%), tetracycline (42.6%), ampicillin (36.2%) and sulfisoxazole (32.9%). The most commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes were aac(6')-Iaa (100%), aph(3″)-Ib and aph(6)-Id (29.8%) for aminoglycosides, followed by bla TEM-1 (26.6%) for penicillins, sul1 (25.5%) and sul2 (23.4%) for sulfonamides and tetA (23.4%) for tetracyclines. Quinolone-resistant isolates presented mutations in gyrA and/or parC genes. Class 1 integrons were found in 37 isolates. Thirty-six plasmid types were identified among 77.7% of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages of S. Senftenberg that correlated with the MLST results. Isolates were classified into two distinct sequence types (ST): ST14 (97.9%) and ST 185 (2.1%). The diversity of this serotype suggests multiple introductions into animal populations from outside sources. This study provided antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic characteristics of S. Senftenberg clinical isolates from production animals in the USA during 2014 to 2017. This study will serve as a base for future studies focused on the phenotypic and molecular antimicrobial characterization of S. Senftenberg isolates in animals. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance to detect emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is critical.
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Salmonella spp: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of strains isolated from poultry in Tetouan-Morocco. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund from Chicken Meat in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111336. [PMID: 34827274 PMCID: PMC8615118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund-contaminated areas of broiler chickens have expanded from West Japan to East Japan. The present study investigated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of 124 S. Schwarzengrund isolates obtained from chicken meat produced in East and West Japan from 2008 to 2019. Comparing the isolates obtained in 2008 and 2015–2019, an increase in the proportion of those resistant to kanamycin [51.4–89.7% (p < 0.001)] was observed. In contrast, the proportion of isolates resistant to both streptomycin and tetracycline and those that harbored a 1.0-kb class 1 integron, aadA1, and tetA, significantly decreased from 100% in 2008 to 47.1% in 2015–2019 (p < 0.001). A 1.0-kb class 1 integron containing aadA1, harbored by 78 isolates, was different from that reported in globally distributed S. Schwarzengrund strains (1.9 kb, containing the dfrA12-aadA2 gene cassette). Twenty-five isolates from different product districts and years of isolation were typed as sequence type (ST) 241 with multilocus sequence typing. Our results suggest that S. Schwarzengrund, which contaminates chicken meat in Japan, shares a common ancestor regardless of the product district from 2008 to recent years. Moreover, S. Schwarzengrund ST241 may have spread from western to eastern Japan.
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Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Sharif Z, Ahmad N, Ali RM, Husin SA, Hazis NHBA, Sohaimi NFM, Bakar SA, Garba B. Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat products in Malaysia using PFGE, and MLST. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:393. [PMID: 33069231 PMCID: PMC7568380 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types. RESULTS The PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunita Zakaria
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zawiyah Sharif
- Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health, 62675, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Mohd Ali
- Diagnostic and Quality Assurance Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Based Industry, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Amir Husin
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazrin Binti Abd Hazis
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fitriah Mohamed Sohaimi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Abu Bakar
- Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health, 62675, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sultan Abubakar Road, City Campus Complex, Sokoto, Sokoto State, 840212, Nigeria
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Nadi ZR, Salehi TZ, Tamai IA, Foroushani AR, Sillanpaa M, Dallal MMS. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and prevalence of common Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from foodborne outbreaks. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Walker GK, Suyemoto MM, Borst LB, Brake J. Research Note: Repetitive element-based polymerase chain reaction genotyping improves efficiency of Salmonella surveillance in a model broiler production system. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2684-2689. [PMID: 32359605 PMCID: PMC7597447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolated from poultry and their environment were determined. One broiler breeder flock (BBF1) and 2 broiler flocks (BF1 and BF2) were reared over a 1.75-year period on the same poultry research farm. Hatching eggs were obtained from BBF1 to produce BF1 chicks, while BF2 chicks were progeny of a separate, unsampled broiler breeder flock. BF1 and BF2 were reared in the same housing facilities but 6 mo apart. Salmonella isolates were collected via litter sock sampling (BF1), cecal excision (BF1 and BF2), or cloacal swabs (BBF1). Serotyping identified Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Altona (SA) in BBF1 and S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Senftenberg (SS) in BF1 and BF2. Genotypic fingerprinting was achieved with Rep-PCR using the (GTG)5 primer and revealed sequence homology among Senftenberg isolates from BF1 and BF2. For each isolate, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for 27 antimicrobial agents using Sensititre plates with formularies specific to antimicrobials used in poultry production or those used to control gram negative pathogens. Isolates from the 3 flocks were resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, novobiocin, penicillin, and tylosin tartrate and demonstrated intermediate resistance to azithromycin, florfenicol, and spectinomycin. These data demonstrated that serovar Altona and Senftenberg were harbored by poultry, the latter appeared to persist in broiler flocks, and both serotypes shared similar patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in an integrated research operation. In the case of multiple Salmonella isolates, combining genotypic fingerprinting methods with serotyping of representative isolates would reduce the number of samples required for serotyping and more clearly identify relatedness of isolates. These methods facilitate effective surveillance in poultry production systems, thus allowing for implementation of precise Salmonella control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Walker
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27607.
| | - M M Suyemoto
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27607
| | - L B Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27607
| | - J Brake
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
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Kipper D, Hellfeldt RM, De Carli S, Lehmann FKM, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N, Lunge VR. Salmonella serotype assignment by sequencing analysis of intergenic regions of ribosomal RNA operons. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5989-5998. [PMID: 31134273 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella laboratorial detection is usually carried out by bacteriological culture and serological methods. Salmonella isolates are then classified into more than 2,650 serotypes with different somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigenic combinations. More recently, DNA analysis methods were developed and applied for the identification of Salmonella serotypes, including intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) that separates DNA-encoding ribosomal subunits (rRNA gene) in Salmonella genomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nucleotide diversity of the ISRs in 2 rRNA operons (rrnB and rrnH) for the assignment of Salmonella serotypes. A total of 63 Salmonella isolates (bacterial cultures) from 21 serotypes were obtained in the period of 2014 to 2017. DNA was extracted, and PCRs were used to detect the genus Salmonella and 4 important serotypes: Enteritidis, Gallinarum, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. ISRs of the operons rrnB and rrnH were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. All sequence results were submitted to BLASTn search and were aligned in comparison to 72 Salmonella reference nucleotide sequences. The results demonstrated that 60 (95.2%) samples returned a sequence of the same serotype (determined by the traditional serological procedure) after searching in BLASTn and/or in the alignment with the reference sequences for both operons (rrnB and rrnH). These PCR-sequencing procedures had a general agreement index of 0.792 based on the Kappa analysis, 98.7% sensitivity value, 100% specificity, and 98.4% accuracy. Three different phylogenetic trees were generated from the alignments with the sequences of rrnH, rrnB, and rrnH plus rrnB and isolates clustered in specific branches according to the serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diéssy Kipper
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Martins Hellfeldt
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil.,Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, 94940-030, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil.,Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, 94940-030, Brazil
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Li Q, Yin J, Li Z, Li Z, Du Y, Guo W, Bellefleur M, Wang S, Shi H. Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China. AMB Express 2019; 9:210. [PMID: 31884559 PMCID: PMC6935380 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.
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Zhou M, Li X, Hou W, Wang H, Paoli GC, Shi X. Incidence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolates From Raw Meat Products Sold at Small Markets in Hubei Province, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2265. [PMID: 31636615 PMCID: PMC6787437 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne disease and is often associated with the consumption of foods of animal origin. In this study, sixty-six Salmonella isolates were obtained from 631 raw meat samples purchased at small retail suppliers in Hubei Province, China. The most prevalent Salmonella serotypes were Thompson (18.2%) and Agona (13.6%). Frequent antimicrobial resistance was observed for the sulfonamides (43.9%), tetracycline (43.9%), and the β-lactams amoxicillin and ampicillin (36.4% for each). Interestingly, a high incidence of resistance to cephazolin was observed in strains of the most common serotype, S. Thompson. Class I integrons were found in 27.3% (18/66) of the isolates and five of these integrons contained different gene cassettes (aacA4C-arr-3-dfr2, dfrA12-aadA21, aadA2, dfrA12-aadA2, dfr17-aadA5). Additional antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-15, qnrB, and qnrS, were also identified among these Salmonella isolates. Results of replicon typing and conjugation experiments revealed that an integron with qnrB and bla CTX-M-15 genes was present on incH12 mobile plasmid in S. Thompson strain. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed 32 sequence types, indicating that these isolates were phenotypically and genetically diverse, among which ST26 (18.2%) and ST541 (12.1%) were the predominant sequence types. The integrons, along with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on mobile plasmids, are likely contributors to the dissemination of multidrug resistance in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenfu Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - George C Paoli
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-ERRC), USDA-MOST Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Xianming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Agriculture and Biology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wu Z, Kong Z, Lu S, Huang C, Huang S, He Y, Wu L. Isolation, characterization and the effect of indigenous heavy metal-resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria on sorghum grown in acid mine drainage polluted soils. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:254-264. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
| | - Zhaoyu Kong
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
| | - Shina Lu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
| | - Shaoyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
| | - Yinghui He
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
| | - Lan Wu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University
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12
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Harb A, Habib I, Mezal EH, Kareem HS, Laird T, O'Dea M, Abraham S. Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance and whole-genome sequencing analysis of Salmonella isolates from chicken carcasses imported into Iraq from four different countries. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 284:84-90. [PMID: 30005930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a major cause of human foodborne illnesses worldwide; however, little is known about its occurrence and genomic characteristics in food sources in many developing countries. This study investigates the occurrence, serotypes distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and multilocus sequence types (ST) of Salmonella isolated from 400 imported frozen chicken carcasses sold in the markets of Thi-Qar, south-eastern Iraq. Salmonella was detected in 46 out of 400 tested samples [11.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.5%-15.0%)]. S. Typhimurium was the most abundant (30.4%) among 14 different serotypes recovered from the tested frozen carcasses. Antimicrobial resistance was most frequently detected against tetracycline (84.4%), nalidixic acid (80.4%), streptomycin (69.6%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (65.2%). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed that 18 isolates harbored four β-lactamase resistance genes, with blaCARB-2 was the most commonly (14/18) detected. It was possible to identify 8 multilocus sequence types from the WGS analysis of 40 out of the 46 Salmonella isolates; with ST-11 (among S. Enteritidis) and ST-19 (among S. Typhimurium) were the most frequently detected. These results add to our understanding of the global epidemiology of Salmonella. Our work stands as one of the first reports on WGS analysis of Salmonella from retail chicken in a Middle-Eastern country. Results from this study could be valuable for guiding an informed import risk analysis aiming at reducing the exposure risk from Salmonella through imported chicken carcasses into Iraq. This work demonstrates the value of WGS as a promising tool for supporting evidence-based food safety hazard characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Harb
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Thi-Qar Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ihab Habib
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ezat Hussain Mezal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Tanya Laird
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark O'Dea
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Shah DH, Paul NC, Sischo WC, Crespo R, Guard J. Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Poult Sci 2017; 96:687-702. [PMID: 27665007 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is the most predominant bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Due to the risk of human infection associated with poultry products and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella also poses a significant challenge to commercial poultry production. During the last decade (2002 to 2012), the 12 most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes (MPPSTs) were frequently and consistently isolated from poultry products in the United States. These MPPSTs and their percent prevalence in poultry products include Kentucky (4%), Enteritidis (2%) Heidelberg (2%), Typhimurium (2%), S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (0.31%), Montevideo (0.20%), Infantis (0.16%) Schwarzengrund (0.15%), Hadar (0.15%), Mbandaka (0.13%), Thompson (0.12%), and Senftenberg (0.04%). All MPPSTs except Kentucky are among the top 30 clinically significant serotypes that cause human illnesses in the United States. However with the exception of a few widely studied serotypes such as S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium, the ecology and epidemiology of the majority of MPPSTs still remain poorly investigated. Published data from the United States suggests that MPPSTs such as Heidelberg, Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Sentfenberg are more likely to be multi-drug resistant (MDR, ≥3 antimicobial classes) whereas Enteritidis, Montevideo, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Infantis, Thompson, and Mbandaka are generally pan-susceptible or display resistance to fewer antimicobials. In contrast, the majority of MPPSTs isolated globally have been reported to display MDR phenotype. There also appears to be an international spread of a few MDR serotypes including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Thomson, Sentfenberg, and Enteritidis, which may pose significant challenges to the public health. The current knowledge gaps on the ecology, epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of MPPSTs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willium C Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology
| | - Jean Guard
- Egg Quality and Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA 30605, USA
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Ranjbar R, Elhaghi P, Shokoohizadeh L. Multilocus Sequence Typing of the Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Tehran Hospitals. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:443-448. [PMID: 29234176 PMCID: PMC5722961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most important serovars of Salmonella enterica and is associated with human salmonellosis worldwide. Many epidemiological studies have focused on the characteristics of Salmonella Typhimurium in many countries as well as in Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristics of Salmonella Typhimurium using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). METHODS Clinical samples (urine, blood, and stool) were collected from patients, who were admitted to 2 hospitals in Tehran between April and September, 2015. Salmonella Typhimurium strains were identified by conventional standard biochemical and serological testing. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Salmonella Typhimurium isolates against 16 antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion assay. The clonal relationship between the strains of Salmonella Typhimurium was analyzed using MLST. RESULTS Among the 68 Salmonella isolates, 31% (n=21) were Salmonella Typhimurium. Of the total 21 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, 76% (n=16) were multidrug-resistant and showed resistance to 3 or more antibiotic families. The Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were assigned to 2 sequence types: ST19 and ST328. ST19 was more common (86%). Both sequence types were further assigned to 1 eBURST group. CONCLUSION This is the first study of its kind in Iran to determine the sequence types of the clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium in Tehran hospitals using MLST. ST19 was detected as the major sequence type of Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Elhaghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Leili Shokoohizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,Correspondence: Leili Shokoohizadeh, PhD; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mahdieh Street, P. O. Box: 65178-38736, Hamadan, Iran Tel: +98 81 38276295 Fax: +98 81 38276299
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15
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Zhou Z, Li J, Zheng H, Jin X, Shen Y, Lei T, Sun X, Pan Z, Jiao X. Diversity of Salmonella isolates and their distribution in a pig slaughterhouse in Huaian, China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Chao G, Wang C, Wu T, Zhang X, Chen J, Qi X, Cao Y, Wu Y, Jiao X. Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of salmonellae from food supply chains in China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Helke KL, McCrackin MA, Galloway AM, Poole AZ, Salgado CD, Marriott BP. Effects of antimicrobial use in agricultural animals on drug-resistant foodborne salmonellosis in humans: A systematic literature review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:472-488. [PMID: 27602884 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1230088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. We systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant meat or dairy-borne non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans. Based on publications from the United States (U.S.), Canada, and Denmark from January 2010 to July 2014, 858 articles received title and abstract review, 104 met study criteria for full article review with 68 retained for which data are presented. Antibiotic exposure in both cattle and humans found an increased likelihood of Salmonella colonization, whereas in chickens, animals not exposed to antibiotics (organic) were more likely to be Salmonella positive and those that had antibiotic exposure were more likely to harbor antimicrobial resistant Salmonella organisms. In swine literature, only tylosin exposure was examined and no correlation was found among exposure, Salmonella colonization, or antimicrobial resistance. No studies that identified farm antimicrobial use also traced antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- a Department of Comparative Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - M A McCrackin
- a Department of Comparative Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,b Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Department of Research Service , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ashley M Galloway
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ann Z Poole
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Cassandra D Salgado
- d Department of Medicine , Infectious Disease Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Bernadette P Marriott
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,e Department of Psychiatry , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
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18
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Zhan Z, Kuang D, Liao M, Zhang H, Lu J, Hu X, Ye Y, Meng J, Xu X, Zhang J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Molecular Typing of Salmonella Senftenberg Isolated from Humans and Other Sources in Shanghai, China, 2005 to 2011. J Food Prot 2017; 80:146-150. [PMID: 28221879 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Senftenberg is an important nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar that causes gastrointestinal disease worldwide. In total, 130 Salmonella Senftenberg strains obtained from humans, food, and the environment in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and subjected to molecular typing. Our findings indicated that most (96 of 130, 73.8%) of the strains were susceptible to all 13 antimicrobial compounds tested, whereas only two strains (1.5%) were resistant to two antimicrobial compounds. In total, 56 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified, including four main pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles (X2, X3, X4, and X5) that showed 95.7% genetic similarity. Our study revealed that the strains of Salmonella Senftenberg from food and the environment shared a high correlation of genetic similarity with those from humans, highlighting the potential links that exist among the strains recovered from different sources in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Kuang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhang Lu
- Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Hu
- Shanghai Jingan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Ye
- Shanghai Jinshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Wu F, Xu X, Xie J, Yi S, Wang J, Yang X, Yang C, Liang B, Ma Q, Li H, Song H, Qiu S. Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Aberdeen Negative for H2S Production in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161352. [PMID: 27552230 PMCID: PMC4994947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections continue to be a significant burden on public health worldwide. The ability of S. enterica to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important phenotypic characteristic used to screen and identify Salmonella with selective medium; however, H2S-negative Salmonella have recently emerged. In this study, the H2S phenotype of Salmonella isolates was confirmed, and the selected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular identification by multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) analysis. The phs genetic operon was also analyzed. A total of 160 S. enterica serovar Aberdeen isolates were detected between 2005 and 2013 in China. Of them, seven non-H2S-producing isolates were detected. Notably, four samples yielded four pairs of isolates with different H2S phenotypes, simultaneously. The data demonstrated that H2S-negative isolates were genetically closely related to H2S-positive isolates. Three new spacers (Abe1, Abe2, and Abe3) were identified in CRISPR locus 1 in four pairs of isolates with different H2S phenotypes from the same samples. Sequence analysis revealed a new nonsense mutation at position 208 in the phsA gene of all non-H2S-producing isolates. Additionally, we describe a new screening procedure to avoid H2S-negative Salmonella, which would normally be overlooked during laboratory and hospital screening. The prevalence of this pathogen may be underestimated; therefore, it is important to focus on improving surveillance of this organism to control its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Wu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yi
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Ma
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SQ); (HS)
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SQ); (HS)
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20
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Genomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Emergence of an Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Variant in China. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2014-22. [PMID: 27225410 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00052-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Senftenberg are often associated with exposure to poultry flocks, farm environments, or contaminated food. The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates has raised public health concerns. In this study, comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis were used to characterize 14 Salmonella Senftenberg clinical isolates recovered from multiple outbreaks in Shenzhen and Shanghai, China, between 2002 and 2011. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses identified two phylogenetically distinct clades of S Senftenberg, designated SC1 and SC2, harboring variations in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2 and exhibiting distinct biochemical and phenotypic signatures. Although the two variants shared the same serotype, the SC2 isolates of sequence type 14 (ST14) harbored intact SPI-1 and -2 and hence were characterized by possessing efficient invasion capabilities. In contrast, the SC1 isolates had structural deletion patterns in both SPI-1 and -2 that correlated with an impaired capacity to invade cultured human cells and also the year of their isolation. These atypical SC1 isolates also lacked the capacity to produce hydrogen sulfide. These findings highlight the emergence of atypical Salmonella Senftenberg variants in China and provide genetic validation that variants lacking SPI-1 and regions of SPI-2, which leads to impaired invasion capacity, can still cause clinical disease. These data have identified an emerging public health concern and highlight the need to strengthen surveillance to detect the prevalence and transmission of nontyphoidal Salmonella species.
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21
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Guard J, Abdo Z, Byers SO, Kriebel P, Rothrock MJ. Subtyping of Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Adenylate Cyclase. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:350-62. [PMID: 27035032 PMCID: PMC4939371 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to rapidly identify serotypes of Salmonella enterica subspecies I are of vital importance for protecting the safety of food. To supplement the serotyping method dkgB-linked intergenic sequence ribotyping (ISR), single-nucleotide polymorphisms were characterized within adenylate cyclase (cyaA). The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database had 378 cyaA sequences from S. enterica subspecies I, which included 42 unique DNA sequences and 19 different amino acid sequences. Five representative isolates, namely serotypes Typhimurium, Kentucky, Enteritidis phage type PT4, and two variants of Enteritidis phage type PT13a, were differentiated within a microsphere-based fluidics system in cyaA by allele-specific primer extension. Validation against 25 poultry-related environmental Salmonella isolates representing 11 serotypes yielded a ∼89% success rate at identifying the serotype of the isolate, and a different region could be targeted to achieve 100%. When coupled with ISR, all serotypes were differentiated. Phage lineages of serotype Enteritidis 13a and 4 were identified, and a biofilm-forming strain of PT13a was differentiated from a smooth phenotype within phage type. Comparative ranking of mutation indices to genes such as the tRNA transferases, the diguanylate cyclases, and genes used for multilocus sequence typing indicated that cyaA is an appropriate gene for assessing epidemiological trends of Salmonella because of its relative stability in nucleotide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guard
- 1 U.S. National Poultry Research Center , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Zaid Abdo
- 1 U.S. National Poultry Research Center , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Patrick Kriebel
- 2 Department of Statistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- 1 U.S. National Poultry Research Center , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
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22
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Moon TD, Johnson M, Foster MA, Silva WP, Buene M, Valverde E, Morais L, Williams JV, Vermund SH, Brentlinger PE. Identification of Invasive Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ST313 in Ambulatory HIV-Infected Adults in Mozambique. J Glob Infect Dis 2016; 7:139-42. [PMID: 26751031 PMCID: PMC4693304 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.170496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite evidence describing the burden of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa, iNTS is not recognized as a priority within global health policy institutions. Recently, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, sequence type (ST) 313, has been identified as the predominant cause of iNTS disease in multiple sub-Saharan African countries. Materials and Methods: We conducted multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine the prevalence of the ST313 genotype in a sample of blood isolates from ambulatory HIV-infected Mozambican adults with iNTS disease. Results: Of the 29 samples of NTS obtained and analyzed by MLST, all (29/29) were assigned the ST313 sequence type based on the set of allele types derived from each of the seven loci. For quality control, five randomly selected strains taken from the original cultures were confirmed as ST313, and the positive control strain SL3261 (taken from the original culture) was categorized as S. Typhimurium ST19. Conclusion: S. Typhimurium ST313 is an important example of a widely distributed pathogen that lacks a coordinated strategy for control. The highly vulnerable populations at risk for ST313 infection in Mozambique, and within the region, would benefit greatly from the development of new policy and on-the-ground capacity to support increased surveillance, prevention, and treatment initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Moon
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States; Friends in Global Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Monika Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Monique A Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Wilson P Silva
- Friends in Global Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | | | - Emilio Valverde
- Friends in Global Health, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Luís Morais
- Friends in Global Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Sten H Vermund
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States; Friends in Global Health, Maputo, Mozambique
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23
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Subtyping of Salmonella isolates on retail raw chicken in China by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid analysis. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Golab N, Khaki P, Noorbakhsh F. Molecular Typing of Salmonella Isolates in Poultry by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Marin C, Palomeque MD, Marco-Jiménez F, Vega S. Wild griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) as a source of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Eastern Spain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94191. [PMID: 24710464 PMCID: PMC3978023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of Campylobacter and Salmonella reservoirs in wildlife is a potential hazard to animal and human health; however, the prevalence of these species is largely unknown. Until now, only a few studies have evaluated the presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in wild griffon vultures and based on a small number of birds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in wild griffon vultures (n = 97) during the normal ringing programme at the Cinctorres Observatory in Eastern Spain. In addition, the effect of ages of individuals (juveniles, subadult and adult) on the presence were compared. Campylobacter was isolated from 1 of 97 (1.0%) griffon vultures and identified as C. jejuni. Salmonella was isolated from 51 of 97 (52.6%) griffon vultures. No significant differences were found between the ages of individuals for the presence of Salmonella. Serotyping revealed 6 different serovars among two Salmonella enterica subspecies; S. enterica subsp. enterica (n = 49, 96.1%) and S. enterica subsp. salamae (n = 2, 3.9%). No more than one serovar was isolated per individual. The serovars isolated were S. Typhimurium (n = 42, 82.3%), S. Rissen (n = 4, 7.8%), S. Senftenberg (n = 3, 5.9%) and S. 4,12:b[-] (n = 2, 3.9%). Our results imply that wild griffon vultures are a risk factor for Salmonella transmission, but do not seem to be a reservoir for Campylobacter. We therefore rule out vultures as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. Nevertheless, further studies should be undertaken in other countries to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marin
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Producción Animal, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Palomeque
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Producción Animal, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Producción Animal, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
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Zou W, Tang H, Zhao W, Meehan J, Foley SL, Lin WJ, Chen HC, Fang H, Nayak R, Chen JJ. Data mining tools for Salmonella characterization: application to gel-based fingerprinting analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14 Suppl 14:S15. [PMID: 24267777 PMCID: PMC3851133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-s14-s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is currently the most widely and routinely used method by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health labs in the United States for Salmonella surveillance and outbreak tracking. Major drawbacks of commercially available PFGE analysis programs have been their difficulty in dealing with large datasets and the limited availability of analysis tools. There exists a need to develop new analytical tools for PFGE data mining in order to make full use of valuable data in large surveillance databases. Results In this study, a software package was developed consisting of five types of bioinformatics approaches exploring and implementing for the analysis and visualization of PFGE fingerprinting. The approaches include PFGE band standardization, Salmonella serotype prediction, hierarchical cluster analysis, distance matrix analysis and two-way hierarchical cluster analysis. PFGE band standardization makes it possible for cross-group large dataset analysis. The Salmonella serotype prediction approach allows users to predict serotypes of Salmonella isolates based on their PFGE patterns. The hierarchical cluster analysis approach could be used to clarify subtypes and phylogenetic relationships among groups of PFGE patterns. The distance matrix and two-way hierarchical cluster analysis tools allow users to directly visualize the similarities/dissimilarities of any two individual patterns and the inter- and intra-serotype relationships of two or more serotypes, and provide a summary of the overall relationships between user-selected serotypes as well as the distinguishable band markers of these serotypes. The functionalities of these tools were illustrated on PFGE fingerprinting data from PulseNet of CDC. Conclusions The bioinformatics approaches included in the software package developed in this study were integrated with the PFGE database to enhance the data mining of PFGE fingerprints. Fast and accurate prediction makes it possible to elucidate Salmonella serotype information before conventional serological methods are pursued. The development of bioinformatics tools to distinguish the PFGE markers and serotype specific patterns will enhance PFGE data retrieval, interpretation and serotype identification and will likely accelerate source tracking to identify the Salmonella isolates implicated in foodborne diseases.
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27
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Zou W, Chen HC, Hise KB, Tang H, Foley SL, Meehan J, Lin WJ, Nayak R, Xu J, Fang H, Chen JJ. Meta-analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprints based on a constructed Salmonella database. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59224. [PMID: 23516614 PMCID: PMC3597626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A database was constructed consisting of 45,923 Salmonella pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The patterns, randomly selected from all submissions to CDC PulseNet during 2005 to 2010, included the 20 most frequent serotypes and 12 less frequent serotypes. Meta-analysis was applied to all of the PFGE patterns in the database. In the range of 20 to 1100 kb, serotype Enteritidis averaged the fewest bands at 12 bands and Paratyphi A the most with 19, with most serotypes in the 13−15 range among the 32 serptypes. The 10 most frequent bands for each of the 32 serotypes were sorted and distinguished, and the results were in concordance with those from distance matrix and two-way hierarchical cluster analyses of the patterns in the database. The hierarchical cluster analysis divided the 32 serotypes into three major groups according to dissimilarity measures, and revealed for the first time the similarities among the PFGE patterns of serotype Saintpaul to serotypes Typhimurium, Typhimurium var. 5-, and I 4,[5],12:i:-; of serotype Hadar to serotype Infantis; and of serotype Muenchen to serotype Newport. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that the pattern similarities/dissimilarities determined the serotype discrimination of PFGE method, and that the possible PFGE markers may have utility for serotype identification. The presence of distinct, serotype specific patterns may provide useful information to aid in the distribution of serotypes in the population and potentially reduce the need for laborious analyses, such as traditional serotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zou
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America.
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Genome sequence of the persistent Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Senftenberg strain SS209. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:2385-6. [PMID: 22493197 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00255-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Senftenberg is an emerging serotype in poultry production which has been found to persist in animals and the farm environment. We report the genome sequence and annotation of the SS209 strain of S. Senftenberg, isolated from a hatchery, which was identified as persistent in broiler chickens.
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