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López I, Otero F, Fernández MDC, Bou G, Gosálvez J, Fernández JL. Rapid and Simple Morphological Assay for Determination of Susceptibility/Resistance to Combined Ciprofloxacin and Ampicillin, Independently, in Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:676. [PMID: 39061357 PMCID: PMC11273673 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current antibiograms cannot discern the particular effect of a specific antibiotic when the bacteria are incubated with a mixture of antibiotics. To prove that this task is achievable, Escherichia coli strains were treated with ciprofloxacin for 45 min, immobilized on a slide and stained with SYBR Gold. In susceptible strains, the nucleoid relative surface started to decrease near the MIC, being progressively condensed as the dose increased. The shrinkage level correlated with the DNA fragmentation degree. Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacilli showed no change. Additionally, E. coli strains were incubated with ampicillin for 45 min and processed similarly. The ampicillin-susceptible strain revealed intercellular DNA fragments that increased with dose, unlike the resistant strain. Co-incubation with both antibiotics revealed that ampicillin did not modify the nucleoid condensation effect of ciprofloxacin, whereas the quinolone partially decreased the background of DNA fragments induced by ampicillin. Sixty clinical isolates, with different combinations of susceptibility-resistance to each antibiotic, were co-incubated with the EUCAST breakpoints of susceptibility of ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. The morphological assay correctly categorized all the strains for each antibiotic in 60 min, demonstrating the feasible independent evaluation of a mixture of quinolone and beta-lactam. The rapid phenotypic assay may shorten the incubation times and necessary microbial mass currently required for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro López
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (I.L.); (F.O.)
- Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology Laboratory, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, 15009 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fátima Otero
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (I.L.); (F.O.)
- Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology Laboratory, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, 15009 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Fernández
- CIBER (Biomedical Research Networking Centre) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.F.); (G.B.)
- Microbiology Service and INIBIC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- CIBER (Biomedical Research Networking Centre) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.F.); (G.B.)
- Microbiology Service and INIBIC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Genetics Unit, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis Fernández
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (I.L.); (F.O.)
- Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology Laboratory, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, 15009 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBER (Biomedical Research Networking Centre) de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.F.); (G.B.)
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Martínez JL, Baquero F. What are the missing pieces needed to stop antibiotic resistance? Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1900-1923. [PMID: 37417823 PMCID: PMC10527211 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As recognized by several international agencies, antibiotic resistance is nowadays one of the most relevant problems for human health. While this problem was alleviated with the introduction of new antibiotics into the market in the golden age of antimicrobial discovery, nowadays few antibiotics are in the pipeline. Under these circumstances, a deep understanding on the mechanisms of emergence, evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance, as well as on the consequences for the bacterial physiology of acquiring resistance is needed to implement novel strategies, beyond the development of new antibiotics or the restriction in the use of current ones, to more efficiently treat infections. There are still several aspects in the field of antibiotic resistance that are not fully understood. In the current article, we make a non-exhaustive critical review of some of them that we consider of special relevance, in the aim of presenting a snapshot of the studies that still need to be done to tackle antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Department of MicrobiologyRamón y Cajal University Hospital, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
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Alhilal S, Alhilal M, Gomha SM, Ouf SA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new aza-acyclic nucleosides and their hydrogen complexes from indole. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu Y, Liu S, Zhi Q, Zhuang P, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Sun Y. Arginine-induced metabolomic perturbation in Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2015166. [PMID: 35024088 PMCID: PMC8745357 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2015166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans is a major pathogen responsible for dental caries. Arginine is a promising potential caries preventive agent which can inhibit the growth of S. mutans. However, the mechanism whereby arginine inhibits S. mutans growth remains unclear. Aim To assess the impact of arginine-induced metabolomic perturbations on S. mutans under biofilm conditions. Methods We identified 5,933 and 7,413 ions in positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) electrospray ion modes, respectively, with a total of 11.05% and 11.58% differential ions subsequently detected in two respective modes. Further analyses of these metabolites led to identification of 8 and 22 metabolic pathways that were affected by arginine treatment in ESI+ and ESI- modes., Results Once or twice daily treatments of S. mutans biofilms with arginine resulted in reductions in biofilm biomass. Significant reductions in EPS production were observed following twice daily arginine treatments. Identified metabolites that were significantly differentially abundant following arginine treatment were associated with glycolysis metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and peptidoglycan synthesis. Conclusions Arginine can reduce S. mutans biofilm growth and acid production by inhibiting glycolysis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and peptidoglycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qinghui Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilin Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxiu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Schoepp NG, Liaw EJ, Winnett A, Savela ES, Garner OB, Ismagilov RF. Differential DNA accessibility to polymerase enables 30-minute phenotypic β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility testing of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000652. [PMID: 32191697 PMCID: PMC7081982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections has created a global health emergency, underlining the critical need to develop faster diagnostics to treat swiftly and correctly. Although rapid pathogen-identification (ID) tests are being developed, gold-standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) remains unacceptably slow (1-2 d), and innovative approaches for rapid phenotypic ASTs for CREs are urgently needed. Motivated by this need, in this manuscript we tested the hypothesis that upon treatment with β-lactam antibiotics, susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates would become sufficiently permeabilized, making some of their DNA accessible to added polymerase and primers. Further, we hypothesized that this accessible DNA would be detectable directly by isothermal amplification methods that do not fully lyse bacterial cells. We build on these results to develop the polymerase-accessibility AST (pol-aAST), a new phenotypic approach for β-lactams, the major antibiotic class for gram-negative infections. We test isolates of the 3 causative pathogens of CRE infections using ceftriaxone (CRO), ertapenem (ETP), and meropenem (MEM) and demonstrate agreement with gold-standard AST. Importantly, pol-aAST correctly categorized resistant isolates that are undetectable by current genotypic methods (negative for β-lactamase genes or lacking predictive genotypes). We also test contrived and clinical urine samples. We show that the pol-aAST can be performed in 30 min sample-to-answer using contrived urine samples and has the potential to be performed directly on clinical urine specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G. Schoepp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Liaw
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Winnett
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Emily S. Savela
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Omai B. Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rustem F. Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
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Optimization of Stress-Based Microfluidic Testing for Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcusaureus Strains. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8020024. [PMID: 29673157 PMCID: PMC6023497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is driving the development of innovative, rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) tools as a way to provide more targeted and timely antibiotic treatment. We have previously presented a stress-based microfluidic method for the rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibility in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this method, stress is used to potentiate the action of antibiotics, and cell death is measured as a proxy for susceptibility. The method allows antibiotic susceptibility to be determined within an hour from the start of the antibiotic introduction. However, the relatively low dynamic range of the signal (2–10% cell response) even with high antibiotic concentrations (10–50 µg/mL) left room for the method’s optimization. We have conducted studies in which we varied the flow patterns, the media composition, and the antibiotic concentration to increase the cell death response and concordantly decrease the required antibiotic concentration down to 1–3 µg/mL, in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s (CLSI) guidelines for AST breakpoint concentrations.
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Rapid phenotypic stress-based microfluidic antibiotic susceptibility testing of Gram-negative clinical isolates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8031. [PMID: 28808348 PMCID: PMC5556039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia is a life-threatening condition for which antibiotics must be prescribed within hours of clinical diagnosis. Since the current gold standard for bacteremia diagnosis is based on conventional methods developed in the mid-1800s-growth on agar or in broth-identification and susceptibility profiling for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species requires at least 48-72 h. Recent advancements in accelerated phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing have centered on the microscopic growth analysis of small bacterial populations. These approaches are still inherently limited by the bacterial growth rate. Our approach is fundamentally different. By applying environmental stress to bacteria in a microfluidic platform, we can correctly assign antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria within two hours of antibiotic introduction rather than 8-24 h. The substantial expansion to include a number of clinical isolates of important Gram-negative species-Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-reported here underscores the broad utility of our approach, complementing the method's proven utility for Gram-positive bacteria. We also demonstrate that the platform is compatible with antibiotics that have varying mechanisms of action-meropenem, gentamicin, and ceftazidime-highlighting the versatility of this platform.
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The Changing Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Defining Resistance in Gram-negatives. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2017; 30:323-345. [PMID: 27208762 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance in Gram-negatives has challenged the clinical microbiology laboratory to implement new methods for their detection. Multidrug-resistant strains present major challenges to conventional and new detection methods. More rapid pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing have been developed for use directly on specimens, including fluorescence in situ hybridization tests, automated polymerase chain reaction systems, microarrays, mass spectroscopy, next-generation sequencing, and microfluidics. Review of these methods shows the advances that have been made in rapid detection of resistance in cultures, but limited progress in direct detection from specimens.
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Otero F, Tamayo M, Santiso R, Gosálvez J, Bou G, Fernández JL. Rapid Assessment of Resistance to Antibiotic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis in the Gram-Positive Pathogens,Enterococcus faecalisandStreptococcus pneumoniae, Based on Evaluation of the Lytic Response. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:267-271. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Otero
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Tamayo
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santiso
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Unidad de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández
- Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
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Métodos rápidos para la detección de la resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 35:182-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bhattacherjee A, Hrynets Y, Betti M. Fructosazine, a Polyhydroxyalkylpyrazine with Antimicrobial Activity: Mechanism of Inhibition against Extremely Heat Resistant Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8530-8539. [PMID: 27776403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructosazine is a polyhydroxyalkylpyrazine recently reported to have antimicrobial activity against heat-resistant Escherichia coli AW 1.7. This study investigated fructosazine's antimicrobial mechanism of action and compared it to that of riboflavin. Fructosazine-acetic acid was effective in permeabilizing the outer membrane based on an evaluation of bacterial membrane integrity using 1-N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and propidium iodide. The uptake of fructosazine by E. coli was pH-dependent with a greater uptake at pH 5 compared to pH 7 for all times throughout 16 h, except 2, 3, and 10 h. Fructosazine generates 1O2, which is partially why it damages E. coli. DNA fragmentation was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, and the fructosazine-acetic acid was the second most intense treatment after riboflavin-acetic acid. Electron microscopy revealed membrane structural damage by fructosazine at pH 5 and 7. This study provides evidence that fructosazine exerts antimicrobial action by permeabilizing the cell membrane, damaging membrane integrity, and fragmenting DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhattacherjee
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Yuliya Hrynets
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Mirko Betti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
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Otero F, Santiso R, Tamayo M, Fernández JL, Bou G, Lepe JA, McConnell MJ, Gosálvez J, Cisneros JM. Rapid Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria Through Assessment of Changes in Cellular Morphology. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:157-162. [PMID: 27259183 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare-associated costs. In this study, a novel assay based on bacterial cell elongation after exposure to an antibiotic (ceftazidime) was evaluated for its ability to rapidly detect resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The assay was used to detect resistance in a large collection of strains containing 320 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 171 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 212 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the results were compared to those obtained using standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The assay identified ceftazidime-resistant strains with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for A. baumannii, 100% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity for K. pneumoniae, and with 82.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for P. aeruginosa. Importantly, results were obtained in 1 hour 15 minutes from exponentially growing cultures. This study demonstrates that changes in cell length are highly correlated with phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility determined using standard susceptibility testing methods. This study therefore provides proof-of-concept that changes in cell morphology can be used as the basis for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance and provides the basis for the development of novel rapid diagnostics for the detection of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Otero
- 1 Unidad de Genética, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , A Coruña, Spain .,2 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia , A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santiso
- 1 Unidad de Genética, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , A Coruña, Spain .,2 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia , A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Tamayo
- 1 Unidad de Genética, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , A Coruña, Spain .,2 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia , A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández
- 1 Unidad de Genética, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , A Coruña, Spain .,2 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro Oncológico de Galicia , A Coruña, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- 3 Servicio de Microbiología, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña , A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lepe
- 4 Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- 4 Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- 5 Unidad de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cisneros
- 4 Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
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Antibiograma rápido en Microbiología Clínica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 34:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xiao J, Fang M, Shi Y, Chen H, Shen B, Chen J, Lao X, Xu H, Zheng H. Identification and Validation Novel of VIM-2 Metallo-β-lactamase Tripeptide Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2015; 34:559-67. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Applications of flow cytometry to characterize bacterial physiological responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:461941. [PMID: 25276788 PMCID: PMC4174974 DOI: 10.1155/2014/461941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although reports of flow cytometry (FCM) applied to bacterial analysis are increasing, studies of FCM related to human cells still vastly outnumber other reports. However, current advances in FCM combined with a new generation of cellular reporter probes have made this technique suitable for analyzing physiological responses in bacteria. We review how FCM has been applied to characterize distinct physiological conditions in bacteria including responses to antibiotics and other cytotoxic chemicals and physical factors, pathogen-host interactions, cell differentiation during biofilm formation, and the mechanisms governing development pathways such as sporulation. Since FCM is suitable for performing studies at the single-cell level, we describe how this powerful technique has yielded invaluable information about the heterogeneous distribution of differently and even specialized responding cells and how it may help to provide insights about how cell interaction takes place in complex structures, such as those that prevail in bacterial biofilms.
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Rapid determination of colistin resistance in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii by use of the micromax assay. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3675-82. [PMID: 23985913 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01787-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is an old antibiotic which has been used as a therapeutic option for carbapenem- and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, like Acinetobacter baumannii. This pathogen produces life-threatening infections, mainly in patients admitted to intensive care units. Rapid detection of resistance to colistin may improve patient outcomes and prevent the spread of resistance. For this purpose, Micromax technology was evaluated in four isogenic A. baumannii strains with known mechanisms of resistance to colistin and in 66 isolates (50 susceptible and 16 resistant). Two parameters were determined, DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage. To assess DNA fragmentation, cells trapped in a microgel were incubated with a lysing solution to remove the cell wall, and the released nucleoids were visualized under fluorescence microscopy. Fragmented DNA was observed as spots that diffuse from the nucleoid. To assess cell wall integrity, cells were incubated with a lysis solution which removes only weakened cell walls, resulting in nucleoid release exclusively in affected cells. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between colistin concentrations and the percentages of bacteria with DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage, antibiotic effects that were delayed and less frequent in resistant strains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that both DNA fragmentation and cell wall damage were excellent parameters for identifying resistant strains. Obtaining ≤11% of bacteria with cell wall damage after incubation with 0.5 μg/ml colistin identified resistant strains of A. baumannii with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Results were obtained in 3 h 30 min. This is a simple, rapid, and accurate assay for detecting colistin resistance in A. baumannii, with strong potential value in critical clinical situations.
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Pulido MR, Garcia-Quintanilla M, Martin-Pena R, Cisneros JM, McConnell MJ. Progress on the development of rapid methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2710-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Burian A, Erdogan Z, Jandrisits C, Zeitlinger M. Impact of pH on activity of trimethoprim, fosfomycin, amikacin, colistin and ertapenem in human urine. Pharmacology 2012; 90:281-7. [PMID: 23037005 DOI: 10.1159/000342423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although major impairment of activity at lower pH values has been reported for fluoroquinolones, acidification is a widely recommended practice for the prophylaxis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Until now, there is little evidence for the influence of pH on the activity on other antimicrobial classes in urine. METHODS Bacterial growth curves of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Klebsiella oxytoca (ATCC 700324), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 14153), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were performed in Mueller-Hinton broth and in pooled human urine with a pH of between 5.0 and 8.0. Bacterial killing of trimethoprim, fosfomycin, amikacin, colistin and ertapenem against the five strains (where appropriate) was determined consecutively at concentrations equal to the MIC. RESULTS While no difference in the bacterial growth of E. coli, S. aureus, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca was observed at different pH values, bacterial growth of E. faecalis was significantly reduced at low pH. Acidification to pH 5 impaired the antimicrobial activity of all investigated antibiotics, i.e. the net effect of bacterial growth and killing resulted in increased colony-forming units/ml at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSION The present in vitro findings indicate that acidification of urine during the treatment of UTIs should be carefully considered. While growth curves of one strain supports the concept of therapeutic or prophylactic acidification during UTIs, the most common pathogen, E. coli, was not affected by low pH. Independent of the investigated strain or antibiotic, pH values below 6 lead to a reduction of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fast assessment of resistance to carbapenems and ciprofloxacin of clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3609-13. [PMID: 22933604 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01675-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii constitute a major life-threatening problem worldwide, and early adequate antibiotic therapy is decisive for success. For these reasons, rapid detection of antibiotic susceptibility in this pathogen is a clinical challenge. Two variants of the Micromax kit were evaluated for a rapid detection in situ of susceptibility or resistance to meropenem or ciprofloxacin, separately, in 322 clinical isolates. Release of the nucleoid is the criterion of susceptibility to the beta-lactams (carbapenems), whereas diffusion of DNA fragments emerging from the nucleoid characterizes the quinolone activity. All the susceptible and resistant strains were correctly categorized in 100 min according to the MIC results and CLSI criteria. Thus, our technology is a promising tool for rapid identification of carbapenem and quinolone resistance of A. baumannii strains in hospital settings.
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