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From Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonization to Dissemination: An Overview of Studies Implementing Murine Models. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061282. [PMID: 34204632 PMCID: PMC8231111 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The strains of this species belong to the opportunistic group, which is comprised of the multidrug-resistant strains, or the hypervirulent group, depending on their accessory genome, which determines bacterial pathogenicity and the host immune response. The aim of this survey is to present an overview of the murine models mimicking K. pneumoniae infectious processes (i.e., gastrointestinal colonization, urinary, pulmonary, and systemic infections), and the bacterial functions deployed to colonize and disseminate into the host. These in vivo approaches are pivotal to develop new therapeutics to limit K. pneumoniae infections via a modulation of the immune responses and/or microbiota.
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Martin RM, Bachman MA. Colonization, Infection, and the Accessory Genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:4. [PMID: 29404282 PMCID: PMC5786545 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen that has a large accessory genome of plasmids and chromosomal gene loci. This accessory genome divides K. pneumoniae strains into opportunistic, hypervirulent, and multidrug-resistant groups and separates K. pneumoniae from two closely related species, Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae. Some strains of K. pneumoniae act as opportunistic pathogens, infecting critically ill and immunocompromised patients. These K. pneumoniae are a common cause of health-care associated infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and bloodstream infections. K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae are often clinically indistinguishable from opportunistic K. pneumoniae. Other strains of K. pneumoniae are hypervirulent, infecting healthy people in community settings and causing severe infections including pyogenic liver abscess, endophthalmitis, and meningitis. A third group of K. pneumoniae encode carbapenemases, making them highly antibiotic-resistant. These strains act as opportunists but are exceedingly difficult to treat. All of these groups of K. pneumoniae and related species can colonize the gastrointestinal tract, and the accessory genome may determine if a colonizing strain remains asymptomatic or progresses to cause disease. This review will explore the associations between colonization and infection with opportunistic, antibiotic-resistant, and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strains and the role of the accessory genome in distinguishing these groups and related species. As K. pneumoniae infections become progressively more difficult to treat in the face of antibiotic resistance and hypervirulent strains, an increased understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these bacteria is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Bachman
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Khater F, Balestrino D, Charbonnel N, Dufayard JF, Brisse S, Forestier C. In silico analysis of usher encoding genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and characterization of their role in adhesion and colonization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116215. [PMID: 25751658 PMCID: PMC4353729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone/usher (CU) assembly pathway is used by a wide range of Enterobacteriaceae to assemble adhesive surface structures called pili or fimbriae that play a role in bacteria-host cell interactions. In silico analysis revealed that the genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae LM21 harbors eight chromosomal CU loci belonging to γκп and ϭ clusters. Of these, only two correspond to previously described operons, namely type 1 and type 3-encoding operons. Isogenic usher deletion mutants of K. pneumoniae LM21 were constructed for each locus and their role in adhesion to animal (Intestine 407) and plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells, biofilm formation and murine intestinal colonization was investigated. Type 3 pili usher deleted mutant was impaired in all assays, whereas type 1 pili usher deleted mutant only showed attenuation in adhesion to plant cells and in intestinal colonization. The LM21ΔkpjC mutant was impaired in its capacity to adhere to Arabidopsis cells and to colonize the murine intestine, either alone or in co-inoculation experiments. Deletion of LM21kpgC induced a significant decrease in biofilm formation, in adhesion to animal cells and in colonization of the mice intestine. The LM21∆kpaC and LM21∆kpeC mutants were only attenuated in biofilm formation and the adhesion abilities to Arabidopsis cells, respectively. No clear in vitro or in vivo effect was observed for LM21∆kpbC and LM21∆kpdC mutants. The multiplicity of CU loci in K. pneumoniae genome and their specific adhesion pattern probably reflect the ability of the bacteria to adhere to different substrates in its diverse ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Khater
- LMGE—UMR CNRS 6023- Clermont Ferrand, 63000, France
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 3525, Paris, France
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Chung The H, Karkey A, Pham Thanh D, Boinett CJ, Cain AK, Ellington M, Baker KS, Dongol S, Thompson C, Harris SR, Jombart T, Le Thi Phuong T, Tran Do Hoang N, Ha Thanh T, Shretha S, Joshi S, Basnyat B, Thwaites G, Thomson NR, Rabaa MA, Baker S. A high-resolution genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant hospital outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:227-39. [PMID: 25712531 PMCID: PMC4364942 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Despite its prominence, little is known about the genetic diversity of K. pneumoniae in resource-poor hospital settings. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we reconstructed an outbreak of MDR K. pneumoniae occurring on high-dependency wards in a hospital in Kathmandu during 2012 with a case-fatality rate of 75%. The WGS analysis permitted the identification of two MDR K. pneumoniae lineages causing distinct outbreaks within the complex endemic K. pneumoniae. Using phylogenetic reconstruction and lineage-specific PCR, our data predicted a scenario in which K. pneumoniae, circulating for 6 months before the outbreak, underwent a series of ward-specific clonal expansions after the acquisition of genes facilitating virulence and MDR. We suggest that the early detection of a specific NDM-1 containing lineage in 2011 would have alerted the high-dependency ward staff to intervene. We argue that some form of real-time genetic characterisation, alongside clade-specific PCR during an outbreak, should be factored into future healthcare infection control practices in both high- and low-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chung The
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Abhilasha Karkey
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Duy Pham Thanh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Amy K Cain
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Ellington
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge, UK Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate S Baker
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabina Dongol
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Corinne Thompson
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon R Harris
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge, UK
| | - Thibaut Jombart
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Tu Le Thi Phuong
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Tran Do Hoang
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Ha Thanh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shrijana Shretha
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suchita Joshi
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Guy Thwaites
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge, UK The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maia A Rabaa
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kudirkienė E, Bager RJ, Johnson TJ, Bojesen AM. Chaperone-usher fimbriae in a diverse selection of Gallibacterium genomes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1093. [PMID: 25495603 PMCID: PMC4299563 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fimbriae are bacterial cell surface organelles involved in the pathogenesis of many bacterial species, including Gallibacterium anatis, in which a F17-like fimbriae of the chaperone-usher (CU) family was recently shown to be an important virulence factor and vaccine candidate. To reveal the distribution and variability of CU fimbriae 22 genomes of the avian host-restricted bacteria Gallibacterium spp. were investigated. Fimbrial clusters were classified using phylogeny-based and conserved domain (CD) distribution-based approaches. To characterize the fimbriae in depth evolutionary analysis and in vitro expression of the most prevalent fimbrial clusters was performed. Results Overall 48 CU fimbriae were identified in the genomes of the examined Gallibacterium isolates. All fimbriae were assigned to γ4 clade of the CU fimbriae of Gram-negative bacteria and were organized in four-gene clusters encoding a putative major fimbrial subunit, a chaperone, an usher and a fimbrial adhesin. Five fimbrial clusters (Flf-Flf4) and eight conserved domain groups were defined to accommodate the identified fimbriae. Although, the number of different fimbrial clusters in individual Gallibacterium genomes was low, there was substantial amino acid sequence variability in the major fimbrial subunit and the adhesin proteins. The distribution of CDs among fimbrial clusters, analysis of their flanking regions, and evolutionary comparison of the strains revealed that Gallibacterium fimbrial clusters likely underwent evolutionary divergence resulting in highly host adapted and antigenically variable fimbriae. In vitro, only the fimbrial subunit FlfA was expressed in most Gallibacterium strains encoding this protein. The absence or scarce expression of the two other common fimbrial subunits (Flf1A and Flf3A) indicates that their expression may require other in vitro or in vivo conditions. Conclusions This is the first approach establishing a systematic fimbria classification system within Gallibacterium spp., which indicates a species-wide distribution of γ4 CU fimbriae among a diverse collection of Gallibacterium isolates. The expression of only one out of up to three fimbriae present in the individual genomes in vitro suggests that fimbriae expression in Gallibacterium is highly regulated. This information is important for future attempts to understand the role of Gallibacterium fimbriae in pathogenesis, and may prove useful for improved control of Gallibacterium infections in chickens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1093) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anders M Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Lai YC, Lin AC, Chiang MK, Dai YH, Hsu CC, Lu MC, Liau CY, Chen YT. Genotoxic Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96292. [PMID: 24852749 PMCID: PMC4031060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide synthesized by multi-enzyme complexes encoded by the pks gene cluster. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli have been demonstrated to induce host DNA damage and promote colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In Taiwan, the occurrence of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has been suggested to correlate with an increasing risk of CRC, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant PLA pathogen in Taiwan Methodology/Principal Findings At the asn tRNA loci of the newly sequenced K. pneumoniae 1084 genome, we identified a 208-kb genomic island, KPHPI208, of which a module identical to the E. coli pks colibactin gene cluster was recognized. KPHPI208 consists of eight modules, including the colibactin module and the modules predicted to be involved in integration, conjugation, yersiniabactin production, microcin production, and unknown functions. Transient infection of BALB/c normal liver cells with K. pneumoniae 1084 increased the phosphorylation of histone H2AX, indicating the induction of host DNA damage. Colibactin was required for the genotoxicity of K. pneumoniae 1084, as it was diminished by deletion of clbA gene and restored to the wild type level by trans-complementation with a clbA coding plasmid. Besides, BALB/c mice infected with K. pneumoniae 1084 exhibited enhanced DNA damage in the liver parenchymal cells when compared to the isogenic clbA deletion mutant. By PCR detection, the prevalence of pks-positive K. pneumoniae in Taiwan is 25.6%, which is higher than that reported in Europe (3.5%), and is significantly correlated with K1 type, which predominantly accounted for PLA in Taiwan. Conclusions Our knowledge regarding how bacteria contribute to carcinogenesis has just begun. The identification of genotoxic K. pneumoniae and its genetic components will facilitate future studies to elucidate the molecular basis underlying the link between K. pneumoniae, PLA, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chyi Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Chi Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ko Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Dai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Liau
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lee SSJ. Editorial commentary: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging major pathogen in necrotizing fasciitis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:940-2. [PMID: 22715174 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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