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Luo Y, Payne M, Kaur S, Octavia S, Jiang J, Lan R. Emergence and genomic insights of non-pandemic O1 Vibrio cholerae in Zhejiang, China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0261523. [PMID: 37819129 PMCID: PMC10871787 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02615-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is well recognized that only Vibrio cholerae O1 causes cholera pandemics. However, not all O1 strains cause pandemic-level disease. In this study, we analyzed non-pandemic O1 V. cholerae isolates from the 1960s to the 1990s from China and found that they fell into three lineages, one of which shared the most recent common ancestor with pandemic O1 strains. Each of these non-pandemic O1 lineages has unique properties that contribute to their capacity to cause cholera. The findings of this study enhanced our understanding of the emergence and evolution of both pandemic and non-pandemic O1 V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Molecular Basis of the Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Serotype Switch from Ogawa to Inaba in Haiti. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0362422. [PMID: 36537825 PMCID: PMC9927444 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03624-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa was introduced involuntarily into Haiti in October 2010, and virtually all of the clinical strains isolated during the first 5 years of the epidemic were Ogawa. Inaba strains were identified intermittently prior to 2015, with diverse mutations resulting in a common phenotype. In 2015, the percentage of clinical infections due to the Inaba serotype began to rapidly increase, with Inaba supplanting Ogawa as the dominant serotype during the subsequent 4 years. We investigated the molecular basis of the serotype switch and confirmed that all Inaba strains had the same level of mRNA expression of the wbeT genes, as well as the same translation levels for the truncated WbeT proteins in the V. cholerae Inaba isolates. Neither wbeT gene expression levels, differential mutations, or truncation size of the WbeT proteins appeared to be responsible for the successful Inaba switch in 2015. Our phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that the V. cholerae Inaba strains in Haiti evolved directly from Ogawa strains and that a significant increase of diversifying selection at the population level occurred at the time of the Ogawa-Inaba switch. We conclude that the emergence of the Inaba serotype was driven by diversifying selection, independent of the mutational pattern in the wbeT gene. IMPORTANCE Our phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that Vibrio cholerae Inaba strains in Haiti evolved directly from Ogawa strains. Our results support the hypothesis that after an initial Ogawa-dominated epidemic wave, V. cholerae Inaba was able to become the dominant strain thanks to a selective advantage driven by ongoing diversifying selection, independently from the mutational pattern in the wbeT gene.
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Han Y, Li J, Gao H, Li X, Duan R, Cheng Q, Kan B, Liang W. Serotype conversion gene rfbT is directly regulated by histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) in V. cholerae O1. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111895. [PMID: 36819035 PMCID: PMC9929944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 (V. cholerae O1) is closely associated with cholera epidemics and has two main immunologically distinguishable serotypes, Ogawa and Inaba. Isolates serotype as Ogawa if the O-antigen polysaccharide (O-PS) is methylated or as Inaba if the O-PS is not methylated. This methylation is mediated by a methyltransferase encoded by the rfbT gene, and the mutation and low expression of rfbT results in serotype switch from Ogawa to Inaba. Previously, we have shown that cAMP receptor protein (CRP) activates rfbT. In this study, we demonstrated that histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) is directly involved in the transcriptional repression of rfbT. This finding is supported by the analyses of rfbT mRNA level, rfbT-lux reporter fusions, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and DNase I footprinting assay. The rfbT mRNA abundances were significantly increased by deleting hns rather than fis which also preferentially associates with AT-rich sequences. A single-copy chromosomal complement of hns partly restored the down-regulation of rfbT. Analysis of rfbT-lux reporter fusions validated the transcriptional repression of hns. Subsequent EMSA and DNase I footprinting assay confirmed the direct binding of H-NS to rfbT promoter and mapped the exact binding site which was further verified by site-directed mutagenesis and promoter functional analysis. Furthermore, we found that in hns deletion mutant, CRP is no longer required for transcriptionally activating rfbT, suggesting that CRP functions as a dedicated transcription factor to relieve H-NS repression at rfbT. Together, this study expanded our understanding of the genetic regulatory mechanism of serotype conversion by global regulators in V. cholerae O1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Biao Kan
- *Correspondence: Weili Liang, ; Biao Kan,
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Dissecting serotype-specific contributions to live oral cholera vaccine efficacy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018032118. [PMID: 33558237 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018032118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The O1 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae causes pandemic cholera and is divided into the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes. The O-antigen is V. cholerae's immunodominant antigen, and the two serotypes, which differ by the presence or absence of a terminally methylated O-antigen, likely influence development of immunity to cholera and oral cholera vaccines (OCVs). However, there is no consensus regarding the relative immunological potency of each serotype, in part because previous studies relied on genetically heterogeneous strains. Here, we engineered matched serotype variants of a live OCV candidate, HaitiV, and used a germfree mouse model to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of each vaccine serotype. By combining vibriocidal antibody quantification with single- and mixed-strain infection assays, we found that all three HaitiV variants-InabaV, OgawaV, and HikoV (bivalent Inaba/Ogawa)-were immunogenic and protective. None of the vaccine serotypes were superior across both of these vaccine metrics, suggesting that the impact of O1-serotype variation in OCV design, although detectable, is subtle. However, all three live vaccines significantly outperformed formalin-killed HikoV, supporting the idea that live OCV usage will bolster current cholera control practices. The potency of OCVs was found to be challenge strain-dependent, emphasizing the importance of appropriate strain selection for cholera challenge studies. Our findings and experimental approaches will be valuable for guiding the development of live OCVs and oral vaccines for additional pathogens.
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Assessment and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Vibrio Species Isolated from Wild Birds Captured in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030333. [PMID: 33809945 PMCID: PMC8004222 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major problem worldwide and, consequently, the surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and assessment of the dissemination routes are essential. We hypothesized that migratory birds, coming from various environments, would carry more numerous Vibrio strains than sedentary species, with increased risk to be passed to their contacts or environment in habitats they transit or nest in. Similarly, we presumed that strains from migratory birds will show multidrug resistance. A total of 170 oral and rectal swabs were collected from wild birds captured in different locations of the Danube Delta (Malic, Sfantu-Gheorghe, Letea Forest) and processed using standardized selective media. V. cholerae strains were confirmed by serology and molecular methods and, subsequently, their susceptibility was evaluated. The prevalence of Vibrio species by host species, habitat type, and location was interpreted. The isolated Vibrio species were identified as Vibrio cholerae 14.33%, V. fluvialis 13.33%, V. alginolyticus 12%, V. mimicus 17.33%, V. vulnificus 10.88%, with V. parahaemolyticus and V. metschnikovii (16%) also being prevalent. Of the 76 Vibrio spp. isolates, 18.42% were resistant towards at least three antimicrobials, and 81.57% demonstrated a multidrug resistance phenotype, including mainly penicillins, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. The results of the present study indicate higher numbers of Vibrio strains in migratory (74.66%) than in sedentary birds (25.33%), confirming our hypothesis. Furthermore, the increased pathogenicity of Vibrio spp. strains, isolated from wild migratory and sedentary birds, was confirmed by their increased multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index (0.09–0.81).
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Santoriello FJ, Michel L, Unterweger D, Pukatzki S. Pandemic Vibrio cholerae shuts down site-specific recombination to retain an interbacterial defence mechanism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6246. [PMID: 33288753 PMCID: PMC7721734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic microbe that can be divided into three subtypes: harmless environmental strains, localised pathogenic strains, and pandemic strains causing global cholera outbreaks. Each type has a contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) that kills neighbouring competitors by translocating unique toxic effector proteins. Pandemic isolates possess identical effectors, indicating that T6SS effectors may affect pandemicity. Here, we show that one of the T6SS gene clusters (Aux3) exists in two states: a mobile, prophage-like element in a small subset of environmental strains, and a truncated Aux3 unique to and conserved in pandemic isolates. Environmental Aux3 can be readily excised from and integrated into the genome via site-specific recombination, whereas pandemic Aux3 recombination is reduced. Our data suggest that environmental Aux3 acquisition conferred increased competitive fitness to pre-pandemic V. cholerae, leading to grounding of the element in the chromosome and propagation throughout the pandemic clade. Vibrio cholerae uses a type VI secretion system (T6SS) to kill neighbouring competitors. Here, Santoriello et al. show that a T6SS gene cluster (Aux3) exists as a mobile, prophage-like element in some environmental strains, and as a stable truncated form in pandemic isolates. They propose that Aux3 acquisition increased competitive fitness of pre-pandemic V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Santoriello
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Lina Michel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Heidelberg University, Grabengasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Unterweger
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Michaelisstraße 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Stefan Pukatzki
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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Genome Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae Isolates Linked to Seasonal Outbreaks of Cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03339-19. [PMID: 32047137 PMCID: PMC7018647 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03339-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The switching of serotype from Ogawa to Inaba and back to Ogawa has been observed temporally in Vibrio cholerae O1, which is responsible for endemic cholera in Bangladesh. The serospecificity is key for effective intervention and for preventing cholera, a deadly disease that continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the present study, WGS of V. cholerae allowed us to better understand the factors associated with the serotype switching events observed during 2015 to 2018. Genomic data analysis of strains isolated during this interval highlighted variations in the genes ctxB, tcpA, and rtxA and also identified significant differences in the genetic content of the mobilome, which included key elements such as SXT ICE, VSP-II, and PLE. Our results indicate that selective forces such as antibiotic resistance and phage resistance might contribute to the clonal expansion and predominance of a particular V. cholerae serotype responsible for an outbreak. The temporal switching of serotypes from serotype Ogawa to Inaba and back to Ogawa was identified in Vibrio cholerae O1, which was responsible for seasonal outbreaks of cholera in Dhaka during the period 2015 to 2018. In order to delineate the factors responsible for this serotype transition, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of V. cholerae O1 multidrug-resistant strains belonging to both the serotypes that were isolated during this interval where the emergence and subsequent reduction of the Inaba serotype occurred. The whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal expansion of the Inaba isolates mainly responsible for the peaks of infection during 2016 to 2017 and that they might have evolved from the prevailing Ogawa strains in 2015 which coclustered with them. Furthermore, the wbeT gene in these Inaba serotype isolates was inactivated due to insertion of a transposable element at the same position signifying the clonal expansion. Also, V. cholerae isolates in the Inaba serotype dominant clade mainly contained classical ctxB allele and revealed differences in the genetic composition of Vibrioseventh pandemic island II (VSP-II) and the SXT integrative and conjugative element (SXT-ICE) compared to those of Ogawa serotype strains which remerged in 2018. The variable presence of phage-inducible chromosomal island-like element 1 (PLE1) was also noted in the isolates of the Inaba serotype dominant clade. The detailed genomic characterization of the sequenced isolates has shed light on the forces which could be responsible for the periodic changes in serotypes of V. cholerae and has also highlighted the need to analyze the mobilome in greater detail to obtain insights into the mechanisms behind serotype switching.
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Abstract
The 7th cholera pandemic began in 1961 in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and then spread around the world in at least three waves. However, the lack of genome sequences for Vibrio cholerae strains under long-term surveillance in East Asia, especially in China, has restricted our understanding of the dynamics of the intracountry and intercountry evolution and transmission of the 7th-pandemic clones. In this study, we obtained the genome sequences of 60 V. cholerae strains isolated in Shanghai, the largest port in the world and the largest city in China, from 1961 to 2011. Our whole-genome-based phylogeny of 7th-pandemic strains revealed that all but one fell into five "stages," most of which are single clades and share independent ancestors. Each stage dominated in succession for a period, with little overlap between them. In addition, two near-identical Shanghai strains belonging to a pre-7th-pandemic precursor and 4 nontoxigenic O1/O139 strains attributed to independent recombination events at the O-antigen loci were present. The major lineages of the 7th pandemic in Shanghai appeared to be closely related to V. cholerae strains isolated from South or Southeast Asia. Stage succession was consistently related to changes in society and human activity, implying that human-caused niche change may play a vital role in the cholera dynamics in Shanghai.IMPORTANCE V. cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a life-threatening disease characterized by severe, watery diarrhea. The 7th pandemic started in Indonesia in 1961 and spread globally, currently infecting 1.3 million to 4 million people annually. Here, we applied whole-genome sequencing to analyze a long-term collection of V. cholerae clinical strains to reveal the phylogenetic background and evolutionary dynamics of the 7th pandemic in Shanghai, which had undergone breathtakingly rapid development in the last half-century. All but one of the Shanghai 7th-pandemic strains fell into five "stages" that were dominant in Shanghai and appeared to be closely related to 7th-pandemic strains of South or Southeast Asia. Our findings extended the understanding of the dynamics of the evolution and transmission of the 7th-pandemic clones in East Asia and the relationship between social changes and cholera epidemiology.
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Li J, Lu S, Kan B, Liang W. Serotype-shifting gene rfbT is a direct transcriptional target of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in V. cholerae O1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:874-879. [PMID: 31563325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ogawa and Inaba are two main serotypes of O1 V. cholerae and alternate among cholera epidemics. The rfbT gene encodes a methyltransferase and is required for Ogawa serotype. The Inaba serotype is the consequence of genetic alterations in rfbT gene which results in loss-of-function enzyme product. However, the expression and regulation of rfbT has not been understood yet. Here we demonstrated that a global regulator, cAMP receptor protein (CRP), positively regulates rfbT transcription through a non-canonical CRP binding site (CBS) in its promoter region. This finding is supported by the analyses of rfbT mRNA abundance, rfbT-lacZ fusions and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The analyses of rfbT mRNA level in wild type (WT), Δcrp, and lower or higher level of cAMP backgrounds revealed that CRP is required for rfbT expression in response to intracellular cAMP level. Subsequent rfbT-lacZ fusions and EMSA collectively displayed that cAMP-CRP complex transcriptionally activates rfbT through directly binding to CBS in rfbT promoter region. Consistently, serological microagglutination test showed that crp deletion resulted in at least 4-fold decrease in titer of Ogawa serum compared to its WT. These results expanded our knowledge of understanding the genetic determinants and probable regulatory mechanism of V. cholerae O1 serotype shift between Ogawa and Inaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weili Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Zaw MT, Emran NA, Ibrahim MY, Suleiman M, Awang Mohd TA, Yusuff AS, Naing KS, Myint T, Jikal M, Salleh MA, Lin Z. Genetic diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from Sabah, Malaysia 2015. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 52:563-570. [PMID: 29428381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholera is an important health problem in Sabah, a Malaysian state in northern Borneo; however, Vibrio cholerae in Sabah have never been characterized. Since 2002, serogroup O1 strains having the traits of both classical and El Tor biotype, designated as atypical El Tor biotype, have been increasingly reported as the cause of cholera worldwide. These variants are believed to produce clinically more severe disease like classical strains. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of V.cholerae in Sabah and whether V.cholerae in Sabah belong to atypical El Tor biotype. METHODS ERIC-PCR, a DNA fingerprinting method for bacterial pathogens based on the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence, was used to study the genetic diversity of 65 clinical V.cholerae O1 isolates from 3 districts (Kudat, Beluran, Sandakan) in Sabah and one environmental isolate from coastal sea water in Kudat district. In addition, we studied the biotype-specific genetic traits in these isolates to establish their biotype. RESULTS Different fingerprint patterns were seen in isolates from these three districts but one of the patterns was seen in more than one district. Clinical isolates and environmental isolate have different patterns. In addition, Sabah isolates harbor genetic traits specific to both classical biotype (ctxB-1, rstRCla) and El Tor biotype (rstRET, rstC, tcpAET, rtxC, VC2346). CONCLUSION This study revealed that V.cholerae in Sabah were genetically diverse and were atypical El Tor strains. Fingerprint patterns of these isolates will be useful in tracing the origin of this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Thura Zaw
- Pathobiological and Medical Diagnostics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nor Amalina Emran
- Pathobiological and Medical Diagnostics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Maria Suleiman
- Sabah State Health Department, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandaran, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tajul Ariffin Awang Mohd
- Kota Kinabalu Public Health Laboratory, Bukit Padang, Jalan Kolam, 88850 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aza Sherin Yusuff
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Khin Saw Naing
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Than Myint
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Azmi Salleh
- Pathology Department, Hospital Duchess of Kent, KM3.2 Jalan Utara, 9000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zaw Lin
- Pathobiological and Medical Diagnostics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Domman D, Quilici ML, Dorman MJ, Njamkepo E, Mutreja A, Mather AE, Delgado G, Morales-Espinosa R, Grimont PAD, Lizárraga-Partida ML, Bouchier C, Aanensen DM, Kuri-Morales P, Tarr CL, Dougan G, Parkhill J, Campos J, Cravioto A, Weill FX, Thomson NR. Integrated view of Vibrio cholerae in the Americas. Science 2017; 358:789-793. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Latin America has experienced two of the largest cholera epidemics in modern history; one in 1991 and the other in 2010. However, confusion still surrounds the relationships between globally circulating pandemic Vibrio cholerae clones and local bacterial populations. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize cholera across the Americas over a 40-year time span. We found that both epidemics were the result of intercontinental introductions of seventh pandemic El Tor V. cholerae and that at least seven lineages local to the Americas are associated with disease that differs epidemiologically from epidemic cholera. Our results consolidate historical accounts of pandemic cholera with data to show the importance of local lineages, presenting an integrated view of cholera that is important to the design of future disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Domman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Marie-Laure Quilici
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Matthew J. Dorman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elisabeth Njamkepo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Alison E. Mather
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Gabriella Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rosario Morales-Espinosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Patrick A. D. Grimont
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | | | - David M. Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Pablo Kuri-Morales
- Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cheryl L. Tarr
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Josefina Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Nicholas R. Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Weill FX, Domman D, Njamkepo E, Tarr C, Rauzier J, Fawal N, Keddy KH, Salje H, Moore S, Mukhopadhyay AK, Bercion R, Luquero FJ, Ngandjio A, Dosso M, Monakhova E, Garin B, Bouchier C, Pazzani C, Mutreja A, Grunow R, Sidikou F, Bonte L, Breurec S, Damian M, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Sapriel G, Page AL, Hamze M, Henkens M, Chowdhury G, Mengel M, Koeck JL, Fournier JM, Dougan G, Grimont PAD, Parkhill J, Holt KE, Piarroux R, Ramamurthy T, Quilici ML, Thomson NR. Genomic history of the seventh pandemic of cholera in Africa. Science 2017; 358:785-789. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The seventh cholera pandemic has heavily affected Africa, although the origin and continental spread of the disease remain undefined. We used genomic data from 1070 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates, across 45 African countries and over a 49-year period, to show that past epidemics were attributable to a single expanded lineage. This lineage was introduced at least 11 times since 1970, into two main regions, West Africa and East/Southern Africa, causing epidemics that lasted up to 28 years. The last five introductions into Africa, all from Asia, involved multidrug-resistant sublineages that replaced antibiotic-susceptible sublineages after 2000. This phylogenetic framework describes the periodicity of lineage introduction and the stable routes of cholera spread, which should inform the rational design of control measures for cholera in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Daryl Domman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elisabeth Njamkepo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Cheryl Tarr
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Escherichia and Shigella Reference Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jean Rauzier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Nizar Fawal
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Karen H. Keddy
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Henrik Salje
- Institut Pasteur, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Paris, 75015, France
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sandra Moore
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Timone, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Raymond Bercion
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, BP 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Mireille Dosso
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Elena Monakhova
- Rostov-on-Don Research Institute for Plague Control, Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russia
| | - Benoit Garin
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Carlo Pazzani
- University of Bari “A. Moro”, Department of Biology, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | | | - Fati Sidikou
- Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), BP 10887, Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Sébastien Breurec
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, BP 923, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Maria Damian
- Cantacuzino National Institute of Research-Development for Microbiology and Immunology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Guillaume Sapriel
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone Veil, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, 78180, France
- Atelier de Bioinformatique, ISYEB, UMR 7205, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), EDST-FSP, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | - Goutam Chowdhury
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Martin Mengel
- Agence de Médecine Préventive (AMP), Paris, 75015, France
| | - Jean-Louis Koeck
- Centre Hospitalier des Armées Bouffard, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Patrick A. D. Grimont
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kathryn E. Holt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Timone, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, 13385, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Quilici
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, 75015, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité du Choléra et des Vibrions, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Nicholas R. Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Karlsson SL, Thomson N, Mutreja A, Connor T, Sur D, Ali M, Clemens J, Dougan G, Holmgren J, Lebens M. Retrospective Analysis of Serotype Switching of Vibrio cholerae O1 in a Cholera Endemic Region Shows It Is a Non-random Process. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005044. [PMID: 27706170 PMCID: PMC5051702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic data generated from clinical Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates collected over a five year period in an area of Kolkata, India with seasonal cholera outbreaks allowed a detailed genetic analysis of serotype switching that occurred from Ogawa to Inaba and back to Ogawa. The change from Ogawa to Inaba resulted from mutational disruption of the methyltransferase encoded by the wbeT gene. Re-emergence of the Ogawa serotype was found to result either from expansion of an already existing Ogawa clade or reversion of the mutation in an Inaba clade. Our data suggests that such transitions are not random events but rather driven by as yet unidentified selection mechanisms based on differences in the structure of the O1 antigen or in the serotype-determining wbeT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dipika Sur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - John Clemens
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Holmgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Lebens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liao F, Pang B, Fu X, Xu W, Kan B, Jing H, Gu W. The complete genomic analysis of an imported Vibrio cholerae from Myanmar in southwest China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:272-277. [PMID: 27448952 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced and analyzed an imported Vibrio cholerae from Mynamar in 2011 by using whole genome sequencing method in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Other 3 isolates of V. cholerae in Yunnan were also sequenced for comparing purpose. Illumina Hiseq2500 was used and the sequencing results were assembled and annotated. The comparative genomic analysis was also performed with 101 reference strains from China and abroad. The results showed the imported V. cholerae (YN2011004) had two chromosomes and one plasmid; chr1 contained 2727 predicted genes, and 958 genes for chr2. Phylogenomic tree results showed YN2011004 belonged to the seventh pandemic strain, clustered into wave 3 and clade 3B. The strain had the highly homology with SN083 and 4remapscaff isolated in 2010 from other parts of China, and clustered with SN117, VC50 remapscaff, VC57 remapscaff and SN034. These references V. cholerae mostly isolated from coastal areas of China in 2008. For the other 3 strains' comparison, it suggested that V. cholerae in 1990s in Yunnan had the close relationship with the prevalence of cholera in Southeast Asia. Therefore, we thought that the cholera in Yunnan was consistent with the epidemic trend of China, being the "sink" for external source and also acted as a "source" for spread. Moreover, we considered that the imported V. cholerae from Myanmar in 2011 actually was the exported strain from China, and it provided us a new sight for the bacterial change and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan province, 650022 Kunming, China
| | - Bo Pang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Gu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022 Kunming, China.
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15
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Shen X, Zhang J, Xu J, Du P, Pang B, Li J, Kan B. The Resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains to the Typing Phage 919TP, a Member of K139 Phage Family. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:726. [PMID: 27242744 PMCID: PMC4870250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage 919TP is a temperate phage of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 El Tor and is used as a subtyping phage in the phage-biotyping scheme in cholera surveillance in China. In this study, sequencing of the 919TP genome showed that it belonged to the Vibrio phage K139 family. The mechanisms conferring resistance to 919TP infection of El Tor strains were explored to help understand the subtyping basis of phage 919TP and mutations related to 919TP resistance. Among the test strains resistant to phage 919TP, most contained the temperate 919TP phage genome, which facilitated superinfection exclusion to 919TP. Our data suggested that this immunity to Vibrio phage 919TP occurred after absorption of the phage onto the bacteria. Other strains contained LPS receptor synthesis gene mutations that disable adsorption of phage 919TP. Several strains resistant to 919TP infection possessed unknown resistance mechanisms, since they did not contain LPS receptor mutations or temperate K139 phage genome. Further research is required to elucidate the phage infection steps involved in the resistance of these strains to phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BeijingChina; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, HangzhouChina
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BeijingChina; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, HangzhouChina
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BeijingChina; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, BeijingChina
| | - Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BeijingChina; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, HangzhouChina
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BeijingChina; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, HangzhouChina
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, BeijingChina; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, HangzhouChina
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16
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Pang B, Du P, Zhou Z, Diao B, Cui Z, Zhou H, Kan B. The Transmission and Antibiotic Resistance Variation in a Multiple Drug Resistance Clade of Vibrio cholerae Circulating in Multiple Countries in Asia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149742. [PMID: 26930352 PMCID: PMC4773069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae has caused massive outbreaks and even trans-continental epidemics. In 2008 and 2010, at least 3 remarkable cholera outbreaks occurred in Hainan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China. To address the possible transmissions and the relationships to the 7th pandemic strains of those 3 outbreaks, we sequenced the whole genomes of the outbreak isolates and compared with the global isolates from the 7th pandemic. The three outbreaks in this study were caused by a cluster of V. cholerae in clade 3.B which is parallel to the clade 3.C that was transmitted from Nepal to Haiti and caused an outbreak in 2010. Pan-genome analysis provided additional evolution information on the mobile element and acquired multiple antibiotic resistance genes. We suggested that clade 3.B should be monitored because the multiple antibiotic resistant characteristics of this clade and the ‘amplifier’ function of China in the global transmission of current Cholera pandemic. We also show that dedicated whole genome sequencing analysis provided more information than the previous techniques and should be applied in the disease surveillance networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Baowei Diao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Distribution and molecular characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates recovered in Guangdong Province, China, 1961-2013. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 37:70-6. [PMID: 26554719 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
China's Guangdong Province is located along the same latitude as Kolkata, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh, and is also considered a source of epidemic cholera. However, molecular description and the genetic relationships between Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates in Guangdong remain unclear. In this study, 381 clinical V. cholerae O1 isolates recovered from cholera cases presenting in Guangdong between 1961 and 2013 were investigated by PCR, amplicon sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During this time frame, four distinct epidemic periods (1-4) were observed based on the different dominant serotype leading its epidemic, correspond to years; or time periods from/to 1961-1969, 1978-1989, 1990-2000, 2001-2013, respectively. Molecular analysis of representative isolates indicated that a single dominating clone was associated with each epidemic stage. All isolates from periods 1 and 2 carried the typical El Tor ctxB; this allele was displaced by classical ctxB beginning in 1993. However all isolates carried the El Tor-specific toxin-coregulated pili subunit A (tcpA). Isolates were grouped into five clusters on the basis of Not I enzyme digested PFGE, and the first four clusters were associated with specific periods, cluster I (period 1), II (period 3), III (period 2) and IV (period 4), respectively. While cluster V consisted of isolates from all four epidemic periods, but was most heterogeneous in appearance. Our data indicate genetic variations that shape the relationship among emerging isolates of V. cholerae O1 in Guangdong Province contribute to the 7th global pandemic.
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Didelot X, Pang B, Zhou Z, McCann A, Ni P, Li D, Achtman M, Kan B. The role of China in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005072. [PMID: 25768799 PMCID: PMC4358972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics and pandemics of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, have occurred since the early 19th century and waves of epidemic disease continue today. Cholera epidemics are caused by individual, genetically monomorphic lineages of Vibrio cholerae: the ongoing seventh pandemic, which has spread globally since 1961, is associated with lineage L2 of biotype El Tor. Previous genomic studies of the epidemiology of the seventh pandemic identified three successive sub-lineages within L2, designated waves 1 to 3, which spread globally from the Bay of Bengal on multiple occasions. However, these studies did not include samples from China, which also experienced multiple epidemics of cholera in recent decades. We sequenced the genomes of 71 strains isolated in China between 1961 and 2010, as well as eight from other sources, and compared them with 181 published genomes. The results indicated that outbreaks in China between 1960 and 1990 were associated with wave 1 whereas later outbreaks were associated with wave 2. However, the previously defined waves overlapped temporally, and are an inadequate representation of the shape of the global genealogy. We therefore suggest replacing them by a series of tightly delineated clades. Between 1960 and 1990 multiple such clades were imported into China, underwent further microevolution there and then spread to other countries. China was thus both a sink and source during the pandemic spread of V. cholerae, and needs to be included in reconstructions of the global patterns of spread of cholera. Cholera is a life-threatening, diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. After a long interregnum of decades without epidemics, the seventh cholera pandemic spread globally since 1961, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Our analysis of published and newly sequenced genomes provides details on genetic groupings within V. cholerae, so-called clades, that have developed during the recent pandemic spread of these bacteria, and, in some cases, persisted to modern times. We reconstructed some of the pathways taken by the current pandemic since its origins in Indonesia, and show that both South Asia and East Asia are important pathogenic reservoirs and sources of international transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Didelot
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control. National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Environmental Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Angela McCann
- Environmental Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peixiang Ni
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Mark Achtman
- Environmental Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MA); (BK)
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control. National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (MA); (BK)
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Karlsson SL, Ax E, Nygren E, Källgård S, Blomquist M, Ekman A, Benktander J, Holmgren J, Lebens M. Development of stable Vibrio cholerae O1 Hikojima type vaccine strains co-expressing the Inaba and Ogawa lipopolysaccharide antigens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108521. [PMID: 25397871 PMCID: PMC4232259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the development of stable classical and El Tor V. cholerae O1 strains of the Hikojima serotype that co–express the Inaba and Ogawa antigens of O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mutation of the wbeT gene reduced LPS perosamine methylation and thereby gave only partial transformation into Ogawa LPS on the cell surface. The strains express approximately equal amounts of Inaba– and Ogawa–LPS antigens which are preserved after formalin–inactivation of the bacteria. Oral immunizations of both inbred and outbred mice with formalin–inactivated whole–cell vaccine preparations of these strains elicited strong intestinal IgA anti–LPS as well as serum vibriocidal antibody responses against both Inaba and Ogawa that were fully comparable to the responses induced by the licensed Dukoral vaccine. Passive protection studies in infant mice showed that immune sera raised against either of the novel Hikojima vaccine strains protected baby mice against infection with virulent strains of both serotypes. This study illustrates the power of using genetic manipulation to improve the properties of bacteria strains for use in killed whole–cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ax
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Nygren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Källgård
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Blomquist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annelie Ekman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Benktander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology at Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Holmgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Lebens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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