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Wan SR, Yang YH, Tian GM, An L, Liu SS, Yi MY, Yan TS, Bao XP. Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 2-aminothiazole derivatives bearing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4535-4546. [PMID: 37428867 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To find more effective agricultural antibiotics, a class of new 2-aminothiazole derivatives containing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi of agricultural importance. RESULTS All the target compounds were fully characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The bioassay results showed that compound F29 with a 2-pyridinyl substituent exhibited an outstanding antibacterial effect against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) in vitro, having an half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) value as low as 2.0 μg/mL (over 30-fold more effective than the commercialized agrobactericide bismerthiazol, with an EC50 value of 64.3 μg/mL). In addition, compound F8 with a 2-fluorophenyl group demonstrated a good inhibitory activity toward the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), around twofold more active than bismerthiazol in terms of their EC50 values (22.8 versus 71.5 μg/mL). Interestingly, this compound also demonstrated a notable fungicidal effect against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, with an EC50 value largely comparable with that of the commercialized fungicide carbendazim. Finally, mechanistic studies revealed that compound F29 exerted its antibacterial effects by increasing the permeability of bacterial membranes, reducing the release of extracellular polysaccharides, and triggering morphological changes of bacterial cells. CONCLUSION Compound F29 has promising potential as a lead compound for developing more efficient bactericides to fight against Xoc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ran Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye-Hui Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Min Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lian An
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song-Song Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tai-Sen Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Gaurav I, Thakur A, Kumar G, Long Q, Zhang K, Sidu RK, Thakur S, Sarkar RK, Kumar A, Iyaswamy A, Yang Z. Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1306. [PMID: 37110891 PMCID: PMC10146377 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (-10.32 kcal/mol and -6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (-6.42 kcal/mol and -2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Clinical Research Division, Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Qin Long
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sidu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudha Thakur
- National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), Kolkata 700090, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, China
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Wan S, Wu N, Yan Y, Yang Y, Tian G, An L, Bao X. Design, synthesis, crystal structure, and in vitro antibacterial activities of sulfonamide derivatives bearing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10484-8. [PMID: 35779170 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 66 sulfonamide derivatives bearing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety were designed and synthesized, and their structures were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques. Among them, the structures of compounds 5A10 and 5B11 were further confirmed through X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses. The bioassay results indicated that some of the target compounds displayed higher inhibition activities in vitro against the tested phytopathogenic bacteria. For example, compound 5A26 exhibited a strong anti-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) efficacy with an EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) value of 30.6 μg/mL, over twofold more active than control agent bismerthiazol (BMT). Additionally, compound 5B14 had a good antibacterial effect against the phytopathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citric (Xac) with EC50 = 34.5 μg/mL, significantly better than control agent BMT (71.5 μg/mL). The anti-Xoc mechanistic studies showed that compound 5A26 exerted its antibacterial efficacy by increasing the permeability of bacterial membrane, decreasing the content of extracellular polysaccharides, and triggering morphological changes of bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehui Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangmin Tian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian An
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Bao X, Li P, Yang Y, Wu N, Yan Y, An L, Tian G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Analysis of Novel Quinazolinyl Ether Derivatives Containing Piperidinamide Structure. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mitre LK, Teixeira‐Silva NS, Rybak K, Magalhães DM, de Souza‐Neto RR, Robatzek S, Zipfel C, de Souza AA. The Arabidopsis immune receptor EFR increases resistance to the bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas and Xylella in transgenic sweet orange. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1294-1296. [PMID: 33991397 PMCID: PMC8313127 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Kuster Mitre
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira – IACCordeirópolisSPBrazil
- University of CampinasCampinasSPBrazil
| | | | - Katarzyna Rybak
- LMU BiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany
| | - Diogo Maciel Magalhães
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira – IACCordeirópolisSPBrazil
- University of CampinasCampinasSPBrazil
| | | | - Silke Robatzek
- LMU BiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich‐Basel Plant Science CenterUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
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Secrete or perish: The role of secretion systems in Xanthomonas biology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:279-302. [PMID: 33425257 PMCID: PMC7777525 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Xanthomonas genus are mainly phytopathogens of a large variety of crops of economic importance worldwide. Xanthomonas spp. rely on an arsenal of protein effectors, toxins and adhesins to adapt to the environment, compete with other microorganisms and colonize plant hosts, often causing disease. These protein effectors are mainly delivered to their targets by the action of bacterial secretion systems, dedicated multiprotein complexes that translocate proteins to the extracellular environment or directly into eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Type I to type VI secretion systems have been identified in Xanthomonas genomes. Recent studies have unravelled the diverse roles played by the distinct types of secretion systems in adaptation and virulence in xanthomonads, unveiling new aspects of their biology. In addition, genome sequence information from a wide range of Xanthomonas species and pathovars have become available recently, uncovering a heterogeneous distribution of the distinct families of secretion systems within the genus. In this review, we describe the architecture and mode of action of bacterial type I to type VI secretion systems and the distribution and functions associated with these important nanoweapons within the Xanthomonas genus.
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Zandonadi FS, Ferreira SP, Alexandrino AV, Carnielli CM, Artier J, Barcelos MP, Nicolela NCS, Prieto EL, Goto LS, Belasque J, Novo-Mansur MTM. Periplasm-enriched fractions from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri type A and X. fuscans subsp. aurantifolii type B present distinct proteomic profiles under in vitro pathogenicity induction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243867. [PMID: 33338036 PMCID: PMC7748154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of Asiatic citrus canker, the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC), produces more severe symptoms and attacks a larger number of citric hosts than Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii XauB and XauC, the causative agents of cancrosis, a milder form of the disease. Here we report a comparative proteomic analysis of periplasmic-enriched fractions of XAC and XauB in XAM-M, a pathogenicity- inducing culture medium, for identification of differential proteins. Proteins were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the 12 proteins identified from the 4 unique spots from XAC in XAM-M (p<0.05) were phosphoglucomutase (PGM), enolase, xylose isomerase (XI), transglycosylase, NAD(P)H-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase β subunit, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and conserved hypothetical proteins XAC0901 and XAC0223; most of them were not detected as differential for XAC when both bacteria were grown in NB medium, a pathogenicity non-inducing medium. XauB showed a very different profile from XAC in XAM-M, presenting 29 unique spots containing proteins related to a great diversity of metabolic pathways. Preponderant expression of PGM and XI in XAC was validated by Western Blot analysis in the periplasmic-enriched fractions of both bacteria. This work shows remarkable differences between the periplasmic-enriched proteomes of XAC and XauB, bacteria that cause symptoms with distinct degrees of severity during citrus infection. The results suggest that some proteins identified in XAC can have an important role in XAC pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia S. Zandonadi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia P. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André V. Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Carnielli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Artier
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Barcelos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole C. S. Nicolela
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro L. Prieto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Goto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Belasque
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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8
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Puławska J, Kałużna M, Warabieda W, Pothier JF, Gétaz M, van der Wolf JM. Transcriptome analysis of Xanthomonas fragariae in strawberry leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20582. [PMID: 33239704 PMCID: PMC7688646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas fragariae is a quarantine bacterial pathogen that causes angular leaf spot on strawberry. The aim of our study was to analyse the mechanism of interaction of this bacterium with its host plant at the transcriptome level. For this purpose, mRNAs of X. fragariae growing in Wilbrink’s medium and from infected strawberry cv. Elsanta plants were isolated and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The expression profiles of the bacteria in Wilbrink’s medium and in planta were very diverse. Of the 3939 CDSs recorded, 1995 had significantly different expression in planta (966 and 1029 genes were down- and upregulated, respectively). Among the genes showing increased expression in planta, those with eggNOG/COG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups/Cluster of Orthologous Groups) categories associated with bacterial cell motility, signal transduction, transport and metabolism of inorganic ions and carbohydrates and transcription were overrepresented. Among the genes with the most increased expression in planta, genes primarily associated with flagella synthesis and chemotaxis were found. It is also interesting to note that out of the 31 genes localized on a plasmid, 16 were expressed differently in planta, which may indicate their potential role in plant–pathogen interactions. Many genes with differentiated expression that were localized on chromosome and plasmid encode proteins of unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Puławska
- Department of Phytopathology, Research Institute of Horticulture, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Monika Kałużna
- Department of Phytopathology, Research Institute of Horticulture, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Warabieda
- Department of Phytopathology, Research Institute of Horticulture, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Joël F Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gétaz
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Gangwar B, Kumar S, Darokar MP. Glabridin Averts Biofilms Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Modulation of the Surfaceome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1779. [PMID: 33071991 PMCID: PMC7534511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium of the human body and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections involving biofilm lead to higher mortality and morbidity in patients. Biofilm causes serious clinical issues, as it mitigates entry of antimicrobials to reach the etiological agents. It plays an important role in resilient chronic infections which place an unnecessary burden on antibiotics and the associated costs. To combat drug-resistant infection involving biofilm, there is a need to discover potential anti-biofilm agents. In this study, activity of polyphenolic flavonoid glabridin against biofilm formation of methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus is being reported for the first time. Crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy evidences shows that glabridin prevents formation of cells clusters and attachment of methicillin resistant clinical isolate (MRSA 4423) of S. aureus to the surface in a dose dependent manner. Gel free proteomic analysis of biofilm matrix by LC-ESI-QTOF confirmed the existence of several proteins known to be involved in cells adhesion. Furthermore, expression analysis of cell surface proteins revealed that glabridin significantly down regulates an abundance of several surface-associated adhesins including fibronectin binding proteins (FnbA, FnbB), serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D (SdrD), immunoglobulin-binding protein G (Sbi), and other virulence factors which were induced by extracellular glucose in MRSA 4423. In addition, several moonlighting proteins (proteins with multiple functions) such as translation elongation factors (EF-Tu, EF-G), chaperone protein (DnaK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were detected on the cell surface wherein their abundance was inversely proportional to surface-associated adhesins. This study clearly suggests that glabridin prevents biofilm formation in S. aureus through modulation of the cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gangwar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Genetic and structural determinants on iron assimilation pathways in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas sp. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:1219-1231. [PMID: 31848911 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a vital nutrient to bacteria, not only in the basal metabolism but also for virulent species in infection and pathogenicity at their hosts. Despite its relevance, the role of iron in Xanthomonas citri infection, the etiological agent of citrus canker disease, is poorly understood in contrast to other pathogens, including other members of the Xanthomonas genus. In this review, we present iron assimilation pathways in X. citri including the ones for siderophore production and siderophore-iron assimilation, proven to be key factors to virulence in many organisms like Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas campestris. Based on classical iron-related proteins previously characterized in E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also Xanthomonadaceae, we identified orthologs in X. citri and evaluated their sequences, structural characteristics such as functional motifs, and residues that support their putative functions. Among the identified proteins are TonB-dependent receptors, periplasmic-binding proteins, active transporters, efflux pumps, and cytoplasmic enzymes. The role of each protein for the bacterium was analyzed and complemented with proteomics data previously reported. The global view of different aspects of iron regulation and nutrition in X. citri virulence and pathogenesis may help guide future investigations aiming the development of new drug targets against this important phytopathogen.
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Garita-Cambronero J, Sena-Vélez M, Ferragud E, Sabuquillo P, Redondo C, Cubero J. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Comparative analysis of two pathogens producing similar symptoms in different host plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219797. [PMID: 31318915 PMCID: PMC6639005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies in Xanthomonas have provided a vast amount of data that enabled to deepen in the knowledge of those factors associated with virulence and Xanthomonas plant interaction. The species of this genus present a wide range of host plants and a large number of studies have been focused to elucidate which mechanism are involved in this characteristic. In this study, comparative genomic and phenotypic analysis were performed between X. citri subsp. citri (Xcc), one of the most studied pathogens within Xanthomonas, and X. arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), a pathogen which has aroused great interest in recent time. The work was aimed to find those elements that contribute to their host divergence despite the convergence in the symptoms that each species cause on Citrus spp. and Prunus spp., respectively. This study reveals a set of genes that could be putatively associated with the adaptation of these pathogens to their hosts, being the most remarkable those involved in environmental sensing systems such as the case of the TonB-dependent transporters, the sensors of the two-component system and the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins. Other important variants were found in processes related to the decomposition of the cell wall as could be appreciated by their dissimilar set of cell-wall degrading enzymes. Type three effectors, as one of the most important factors in delineating the host specificity in Xanthomonas, also showed a different array when comparing both species, being some of them unique to each pathogen. On the other hand, only small variations could be connected to other features such as the motility appendages and surface adhesion proteins, but these differences were accompanied by a dissimilar capacity to attach on host and non-host leaf surface. The molecular factors found in this work provide the basis to perform a more in-depth functional analyses that unveil those actual factors associated with pathogenesis and host specificity in Xcc and Xap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson Garita-Cambronero
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Biocombustibles y Bioproductos, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Villarejo de Órbigo, Leon, Spain
| | - Marta Sena-Vélez
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elisa Ferragud
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sabuquillo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Redondo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Laboratorio Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Barcarolo MV, Garavaglia BS, Thomas L, Marondedze C, Gehring C, Gottig N, Ottado J. Proteome changes and physiological adaptations of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri under salt stress and their implications for virulence. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5509571. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Barcarolo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR). Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Betiana S Garavaglia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR). Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Ludivine Thomas
- HM.Clause, rue Louis Saillant, 26801 Portes-lès-Valence, France
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR1417, CNRS UMR5168, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia,
06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Natalia Gottig
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR). Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Ottado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR). Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
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13
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Tomassetti M, Garavaglia BS, Vranych CV, Gottig N, Ottado J, Gramajo H, Diacovich L. 3-methylcrotonyl Coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase complex is involved in the Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri lifestyle during citrus infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198414. [PMID: 29879157 PMCID: PMC5991677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker is a disease caused by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), bacterium which is unable to survive out of the host for extended periods of time. Once established inside the plant, the pathogen must compete for resources and evade the defenses of the host cell. However, a number of aspects of Xcc metabolic and nutritional state, during the epiphytic stage and at different phases of infection, are poorly characterized. The 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex (MCC) is an essential enzyme for the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine, which prevents the accumulation of toxic intermediaries, facilitates the generation of branched chain fatty acids and/or provides energy to the cell. The MCC complexes belong to a group of acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCase) enzymes dependent of biotin. In this work, we have identified two ORFs (XAC0263 and XAC0264) encoding for the α and β subunits of an acyl-CoA carboxylase complex from Xanthomonas and demonstrated that this enzyme has MCC activity both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that this MCC complex is conserved in a group of pathogenic gram negative bacteria. The generation and analysis of an Xcc mutant strain deficient in MCC showed less canker lesions in the interaction with the host plant, suggesting that the expression of these proteins is necessary for Xcc fitness during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tomassetti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Betiana S. Garavaglia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cecilia V. Vranych
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gottig
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Ottado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Diacovich
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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14
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Ference CM, Gochez AM, Behlau F, Wang N, Graham JH, Jones JB. Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1302-1318. [PMID: 29105297 PMCID: PMC6638175 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic status: Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc). Host range: Compatible hosts vary in their susceptibility to citrus canker (CC), with grapefruit, lime and lemon being the most susceptible, sweet orange being moderately susceptible, and kumquat and calamondin being amongst the least susceptible. Microbiological properties: Xcc is a rod-shaped (1.5-2.0 × 0.5-0.75 µm), Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium with a single polar flagellum. The bacterium forms yellow colonies on culture media as a result of the production of xanthomonadin. Distribution: Present in South America, the British Virgin Islands, Africa, the Middle East, India, Asia and the South Pacific islands. Localized incidence in the USA, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Bangladesh. Widespread throughout Paraguay, Comoros, China, Japan, Malaysia and Vietnam. Eradicated from South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Absent from Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Ference
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research LaboratoryFort PierceFL 34945USA
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
| | - Alberto M. Gochez
- Citrus Pathology, EEA INTA Bella VistaBella VistaCorrientes 3432Argentina
| | - Franklin Behlau
- Department of Research & DevelopmentFundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus)AraraquaraSão Paulo 14.807‐040Brazil
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
| | - James H. Graham
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Jones
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
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15
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Artier J, da Silva Zandonadi F, de Souza Carvalho FM, Pauletti BA, Leme AFP, Carnielli CM, Selistre‐de‐Araujo HS, Bertolini MC, Ferro JA, Belasque Júnior J, de Oliveira JCF, Novo‐Mansur MTM. Comparative proteomic analysis of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri periplasmic proteins reveals changes in cellular envelope metabolism during in vitro pathogenicity induction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:143-157. [PMID: 27798950 PMCID: PMC6638008 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker is a plant disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Xanthomonas. The most virulent species is Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (XAC), which attacks a wide range of citrus hosts. Differential proteomic analysis of the periplasm-enriched fraction was performed for XAC cells grown in pathogenicity-inducing (XAM-M) and pathogenicity-non-inducing (nutrient broth) media using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Amongst the 40 proteins identified, transglycosylase was detected in a highly abundant spot in XAC cells grown under inducing condition. Additional up-regulated proteins related to cellular envelope metabolism included glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase, dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose-3,5-epimerase and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase. Phosphoglucomutase and superoxide dismutase proteins, known to be involved in pathogenicity in other Xanthomonas species or organisms, were also detected. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses for transglycosylase and superoxide dismutase confirmed that these proteins were up-regulated under inducing condition, consistent with the proteomic results. Multiple spots for the 60-kDa chaperonin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were identified, suggesting the presence of post-translational modifications. We propose that substantial alterations in cellular envelope metabolism occur during the XAC infectious process, which are related to several aspects, from defence against reactive oxygen species to exopolysaccharide synthesis. Our results provide new candidates for virulence-related proteins, whose abundance correlates with the induction of pathogenicity and virulence genes, such as hrpD6, hrpG, hrpB7, hpa1 and hrpX. The results present new potential targets against XAC to be investigated in further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Artier
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Flávia da Silva Zandonadi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria de Souza Carvalho
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSP14884‐900Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- LNBio, CNPEMLaboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de BiociênciasCampinasSP13083‐970Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- LNBio, CNPEMLaboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de BiociênciasCampinasSP13083‐970Brazil
| | - Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | | | - Maria Célia Bertolini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química, Instituto de Química, UNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquaraSP14800‐060Brazil
| | - Jesus Aparecido Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESPUniversidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSP14884‐900Brazil
| | - José Belasque Júnior
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’Universidade de São PauloPiracicabaSP13418‐900Brazil
| | - Julio Cezar Franco de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Microbianas, Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESPDiademaSP09913‐030Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo‐Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCarSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
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16
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Schatschneider S, Schneider J, Blom J, Létisse F, Niehaus K, Goesmann A, Vorhölter FJ. Systems and synthetic biology perspective of the versatile plant-pathogenic and polysaccharide-producing bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:1117-1144. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schatschneider
- Abteilung für Proteom und Metabolomforschung, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Present address: Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Kantstr. 2, 33790 Halle-Künsebeck, Germany
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Bioinformatics Resource Facility, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
- Present address: Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Kantstr. 2, 33790 Halle-Künsebeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
| | - Fabien Létisse
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Abteilung für Proteom und Metabolomforschung, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
| | - Frank-Jörg Vorhölter
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Present address: MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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17
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Moreira LM, Soares MR, Facincani AP, Ferreira CB, Ferreira RM, Ferro MIT, Gozzo FC, Felestrino ÉB, Assis RAB, Garcia CCM, Setubal JC, Ferro JA, de Oliveira JCF. Proteomics-based identification of differentially abundant proteins reveals adaptation mechanisms of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri during Citrus sinensis infection. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:155. [PMID: 28693412 PMCID: PMC5504864 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker. A proteomic analysis under in planta infectious and non-infectious conditions was conducted in order to increase our knowledge about the adaptive process of Xac during infection. RESULTS For that, a 2D-based proteomic analysis of Xac at 1, 3 and 5 days after inoculation, in comparison to Xac growth in NB media was carried out and followed by MALDI-TOF-TOF identification of 124 unique differentially abundant proteins. Among them, 79 correspond to up-regulated proteins in at least one of the three stages of infection. Our results indicate an important role of proteins related to biofilm synthesis, lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis, and iron uptake and metabolism as possible modulators of plant innate immunity, and revealed an intricate network of proteins involved in reactive oxygen species adaptation during Plants` Oxidative Burst response. We also identified proteins previously unknown to be involved in Xac-Citrus interaction, including the hypothetical protein XAC3981. A mutant strain for this gene has proved to be non-pathogenic in respect to classical symptoms of citrus canker induced in compatible plants. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time that a protein repertoire is shown to be active and working in an integrated manner during the infection process in a compatible host, pointing to an elaborate mechanism for adaptation of Xac once inside the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. .,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Márcia R Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica (DBq), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Agda P Facincani
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Tecnologia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano B Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Tecnologia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Tecnologia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I T Ferro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Tecnologia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio C Gozzo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Érica B Felestrino
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata A B Assis
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião M Garcia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - João C Setubal
- Departamento de Bioquímica (DB), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jesus A Ferro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Tecnologia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio C F de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
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18
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Ficarra FA, Grandellis C, Galván EM, Ielpi L, Feil R, Lunn JE, Gottig N, Ottado J. Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri requires the outer membrane porin OprB for maximal virulence and biofilm formation. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:720-733. [PMID: 27226289 PMCID: PMC6638224 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc) causes canker disease in citrus, and biofilm formation is critical for the disease cycle. OprB (Outer membrane protein B) has been shown previously to be more abundant in Xcc biofilms compared with the planktonic state. In this work, we showed that the loss of OprB in an oprB mutant abolishes bacterial biofilm formation and adherence to the host, and also compromises virulence and efficient epiphytic survival of the bacteria. Moreover, the oprB mutant is impaired in bacterial stress resistance. OprB belongs to a family of carbohydrate transport proteins, and the uptake of glucose is decreased in the mutant strain, indicating that OprB transports glucose. Loss of OprB leads to increased production of xanthan exopolysaccharide, and the carbohydrate intermediates of xanthan biosynthesis are also elevated in the mutant. The xanthan produced by the mutant has a higher viscosity and, unlike wild-type xanthan, completely lacks pyruvylation. Overall, these results suggest that Xcc reprogrammes its carbon metabolism when it senses a shortage of glucose input. The participation of OprB in the process of biofilm formation and virulence, as well as in metabolic changes to redirect the carbon flux, is discussed. Our results demonstrate the importance of environmental nutrient supply and glucose uptake via OprB for Xcc virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia A. Ficarra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR‐CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosario2000Argentina
| | - Carolina Grandellis
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR‐CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosario2000Argentina
| | - Estela M. Galván
- Laboratory of Bacterial GeneticsFundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA‐CONICET (C1405BWE)Ciudad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Luis Ielpi
- Laboratory of Bacterial GeneticsFundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA‐CONICET (C1405BWE)Ciudad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyWissenschaftspark Potsdam‐GolmAm Mühlenberg 114476 Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - John E. Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyWissenschaftspark Potsdam‐GolmAm Mühlenberg 114476 Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Natalia Gottig
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR‐CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosario2000Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Ottado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR‐CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosario2000Argentina
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19
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Gao M, Yu L, Li P, Song X, Chen Z, He M, Song B. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of inhibition of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri by the novel bactericide Fubianezuofeng. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 138:37-42. [PMID: 28456302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the antibacterial mechanism of the new bactericide 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5- (4-fluorobenzyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (Generic name: Fubianezuofeng), we performed label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of the response of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) strain 29-1 to Fubianezuofeng. A total of 1133 proteins were identified in the treatment and control groups. Upon treatment with the 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 339 proteins were found to be differentially expressed (fold changes>1.5, p<0.05) with 99 upregulated and 240 down-regulated. In comparison, 314 proteins were differentially expressed (125 up-regulated, 189 down-regulated) at MIC. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched for those involved in the pyrimidine metabolic pathway. The results offer a complete view of the proteome changes in bacteria in response to Fubianezuofeng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xianpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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20
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Petrocelli S, Arana MR, Cabrini MN, Casabuono AC, Moyano L, Beltramino M, Moreira LM, Couto AS, Orellano EG. Deletion of pilA, a Minor Pilin-Like Gene, from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Influences Bacterial Physiology and Pathogenesis. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:904-914. [PMID: 27664015 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type IV pili (Tfp) are widely distributed adhesins of bacterial surfaces. In plant pathogenic bacteria, Tfp are involved in host colonization and pathogenesis. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the phytopathogen responsible for citrus canker disease. In this work, three Tfp structural genes, fimA, fimA1, and pilA from Xcc were studied. A pilA mutant strain from Xcc (XccΔpilA) was constructed and differences in physiological features, such as motilities, adhesion, and biofilm formation, were observed. A structural study of the purified Tfp fractions from Xcc wild-type and Xcc∆pilA showed that pilins are glycosylated in both strains and that FimA and FimA1 are the main structural components of the pili. Furthermore, smaller lesion symptoms and reduced bacterial growth were produced by Xcc∆pilA in orange plants compared to the wild-type strain. These results indicate that the minor pilin-like gene, pilA, is involved in Tfp performance during the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Petrocelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maite R Arana
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcela N Cabrini
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana C Casabuono
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Moyano
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matías Beltramino
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Leandro M Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DECBI), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena G Orellano
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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Sena-Vélez M, Redondo C, Graham JH, Cubero J. Presence of Extracellular DNA during Biofilm Formation by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Strains with Different Host Range. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156695. [PMID: 27248687 PMCID: PMC4889101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) A strain causes citrus bacterial canker, a serious leaf, fruit and stem spotting disease of several Citrus species. X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis (Xac) is the cause of citrus bacterial spot, a minor disease of citrus nursery plants and X. campestris pv. campestris (Xc) is a systemic pathogen that causes black rot of cabbage. Xanthomonas spp. form biofilms in planta that facilitate the host infection process. Herein, the role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) was evaluated in the formation and stabilization of the biofilm matrix at different stages of biofilm development. Fluorescence and light microscopy, as well as DNAse treatments, were used to determine the presence of eDNA in biofilms and bacterial cultures. DNAse treatments of Xcc strains and Xac reduced biofilm formation at the initial stage of development, as well as disrupted preformed biofilm. By comparison, no significant effect of the DNAse was detected for biofilm formation by Xc. DNAse effects on biofilm formation or disruption varied among Xcc strains and Xanthomonas species which suggest different roles for eDNA. Variation in the structure of fibers containing eDNA in biofilms, bacterial cultures, and in twitching motility was also visualized by microscopy. The proposed roles for eDNA are as an adhesin in the early stages of biofilm formation, as an structural component of mature bacterial aggregates, and twitching motility structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sena-Vélez
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Redondo
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - James H. Graham
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Carnielli CM, Artier J, de Oliveira JCF, Novo-Mansur MTM. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri surface proteome by 2D-DIGE: Ferric enterobactin receptor and other outer membrane proteins potentially involved in citric host interaction. J Proteomics 2016; 151:251-263. [PMID: 27180281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC) is the causative agent of citrus canker, a disease of great economic impact around the world. Understanding the role of proteins on XAC cellular surface can provide new insights on pathogen-plant interaction. Surface proteome was performed in XAC grown in vivo (infectious) and in vitro (non-infectious) conditions, by labeling intact cells followed by cellular lysis and direct 2D-DIGE analysis. Seventy-nine differential spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Highest relative abundance for in vivo condition was observed for spots containing DnaK protein, 60kDa chaperonin, conserved hypothetical proteins, malate dehydrogenase, phosphomannose isomerase, and ferric enterobactin receptors. Elongation factor Tu, OmpA-related proteins, Oar proteins and some Ton-B dependent receptors were found in spots decreased in vivo. Some proteins identified on XAC's surface in infectious condition and predicted to be cytoplasmic, such as DnaK and 60KDa chaperonin, have also been previously found at cellular surface in other microorganisms. This is the first study on XAC surface proteome and results point to mediation of molecular chaperones in XAC-citrus interaction. The approach utilized here can be applied to other pathogen-host interaction systems and help to achieve new insights in bacterial pathogenicity toward promising targets of biotechnological interest. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This research provides new insights for current knowledge of the Xanthomonas sp. pathogenicity. For the first time the 2D-DIGE approach was applied on intact cells to find surface proteins involved in the pathogen-plant interaction. Results point to the involvement of new surface/outer membrane proteins in the interaction between XAC and its citrus host and can provide potential targets of biotechnological interest for citrus canker control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Artier
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio Cezar Franco de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Microbianas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Ferreira RM, Moreira LM, Ferro JA, Soares MR, Laia ML, Varani AM, de Oliveira JC, Ferro MIT. Unravelling potential virulence factor candidates in Xanthomonas citri. subsp. citri by secretome analysis. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1734. [PMID: 26925342 PMCID: PMC4768671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker is a major disease affecting citrus production in Brazil. It's mainly caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 pathotype A (Xac). We analysed the differential expression of proteins secreted by wild type Xac and an asymptomatic mutant for hrpB4 (ΔhrpB4) grown in Nutrient Broth (NB) and a medium mimicking growth conditions in the plant (XAM1). This allowed the identification of 55 secreted proteins, of which 37 were secreted by both strains when cultured in XAM1. In this secreted protein repertoire, the following stand out: Virk, Polyphosphate-selective porin, Cellulase, Endoglucanase, Histone-like protein, Ribosomal proteins, five hypothetical proteins expressed only in the wild type strain, Lytic murein transglycosylase, Lipoprotein, Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, Co-chaperonin, Toluene tolerance, C-type cytochrome biogenesis membrane protein, Aminopeptidase and two hypothetical proteins expressed only in the ΔhrpB4 mutant. Furthermore, Peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane protein, Regulator of pathogenicity factor, Outer membrane proteins, Endopolygalacturonase, Chorismate mutase, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and seven hypothetical proteins were detected in both strains, suggesting that there was no relationship with the secretion mediated by the type III secretory system, which is not functional in the mutant strain. Also worth mentioning is the Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), expressed only the wild type strain, and Type IV pilus assembly protein, Flagellin (FliC) and Flagellar hook-associated protein, identified in the wild-type strain secretome when grown only in NB. Noteworthy, that FliC, EF-Tu are classically characterized as PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns), responsible for a PAMP-triggered immunity response. Therefore, our results highlight proteins potentially involved with the virulence. Overall, we conclude that the use of secretome data is a valuable approach that may bring more knowledge of the biology of this important plant pathogen, which ultimately can lead to the establishment of new strategies to combat citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas—Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas-NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jesus A. Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia R.R. Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L. Laia
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M. Varani
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C.F. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Ines T. Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khemiri A, Jouenne T, Cosette P. Proteomics dedicated to biofilmology: What have we learned from a decade of research? Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:1-19. [PMID: 26068406 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in proteomics techniques over the past decade, closely integrated with genomic and physicochemical approach, have played a great role in developing knowledge of the biofilm lifestyle of bacteria. Despite bacterial proteome versatility, many studies have demonstrated the ability of proteomics approaches to elucidating the biofilm phenotype. Though these investigations have been largely used for biofilm studies in the last decades, they represent, however, a very low percentage of proteomics works performed up to now. Such approaches have offered new targets for combating microbial biofilms by providing a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative overview of their protein cell content. Herein, we summarized the state of the art in knowledge about biofilm physiology after one decade of proteomic analysis. In a second part, we highlighted missing research tracks for the next decade, emphasizing the emergence of posttranslational modifications in proteomic studies stemming from recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbia Khemiri
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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25
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Piazza A, Zimaro T, Garavaglia BS, Ficarra FA, Thomas L, Marondedze C, Feil R, Lunn JE, Gehring C, Ottado J, Gottig N. The dual nature of trehalose in citrus canker disease: a virulence factor for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and a trigger for plant defence responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2795-811. [PMID: 25770587 PMCID: PMC4986880 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is a bacterial pathogen that causes citrus canker in susceptible Citrus spp. The Xcc genome contains genes encoding enzymes from three separate pathways of trehalose biosynthesis. Expression of genes encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (otsA) and trehalose phosphatase (otsB) was highly induced during canker development, suggesting that the two-step pathway of trehalose biosynthesis via trehalose-6-phosphate has a function in pathogenesis. This pathway was eliminated from the bacterium by deletion of the otsA gene. The resulting XccΔotsA mutant produced less trehalose than the wild-type strain, was less resistant to salt and oxidative stresses, and was less able to colonize plant tissues. Gene expression and proteomic analyses of infected leaves showed that infection with XccΔotsA triggered only weak defence responses in the plant compared with infection with Xcc, and had less impact on the host plant's metabolism than the wild-type strain. These results suggested that trehalose of bacterial origin, synthesized via the otsA-otsB pathway, in Xcc, plays a role in modifying the host plant's metabolism to its own advantage but is also perceived by the plant as a sign of pathogen attack. Thus, trehalose biosynthesis has both positive and negative consequences for Xcc. On the one hand, it enables this bacterial pathogen to survive in the inhospitable environment of the leaf surface before infection and exploit the host plant's resources after infection, but on the other hand, it is a tell-tale sign of the pathogen's presence that triggers the plant to defend itself against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainelén Piazza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Tamara Zimaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Betiana S Garavaglia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Florencia A Ficarra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Ludivine Thomas
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam (OT) Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam (OT) Golm, Germany
| | - Chris Gehring
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorgelina Ottado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gottig
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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26
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Fukano T, Gomi M, Osaki Y, Morikawa M. Isolation and characterization of an early colonizing Rhizobium sp. R8 from a household toilet bowl. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1207-15. [PMID: 25707633 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1012151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial community structure was compared between the third days', one week', and three weeks' biofilm samples from the surface of a household toilet bowl. It was found that the PCR-DGGE band pattern of 16S rRNA gene was dramatically changed after the third day and was not further changed until three weeks. This result suggests that there are early and late colonizing bacterial groups. One of the early colonizers isolated from the third days' sample was Rhizobium sp. R8, a closest relative to Rhizobium giardinii, which exhibited the highest biofilm formation activity in an artificial urine condition. R8 produced extracellular polysaccharides containing galactose, glucose, and mannose at the molar ratio of 8:1:1, which were probably responsible for the biofilm formation. Its excelled biofilm formation and urease activities together with the lack of nodulation and nitrogen fixing genes in R8 suggest that this strain has been specifically adapted to urine condition in a toilet bowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Fukano
- a Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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27
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Proteomic and functional analyses of a novel porin-like protein in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. J Microbiol 2014; 52:1030-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Dunger G, Guzzo CR, Andrade MO, Jones JB, Farah CS. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri type IV Pilus is required for twitching motility, biofilm development, and adherence. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1132-47. [PMID: 25180689 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-14-0184-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial type IV pili (T4P) are long, flexible surface filaments that consist of helical polymers of mostly pilin subunits. Cycles of polymerization, attachment, and depolymerization mediate several pilus-dependent bacterial behaviors, including twitching motility, surface adhesion, pathogenicity, natural transformation, escape from immune system defense mechanisms, and biofilm formation. The Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 genome codes for a large set of genes involved in T4P biogenesis and regulation and includes several pilin homologs. We show that X. citri subsp. citri can exhibit twitching motility in a manner similar to that observed in other bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xylella fastidiosa and that this motility is abolished in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri knockout strains in the genes coding for the major pilin subunit PilAXAC3241, the ATPases PilBXAC3239 and PilTXAC2924, and the T4P biogenesis regulators PilZXAC1133 and FimXXAC2398. Microscopy analyses were performed to compare patterns of bacterial migration in the wild-type and knockout strains and we observed that the formation of mushroom-like structures in X. citri subsp. citri biofilm requires a functional T4P. Finally, infection of X. citri subsp. citri cells by the bacteriophage (ΦXacm4-11 is T4P dependent. The results of this study improve our understanding of how T4P influence Xanthomonas motility, biofilm formation, and susceptibility to phage infection.
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29
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Noël LD, SanCristobal M, Danoun S, Becker A, Soreau P, Arlat M, Lauber E. Transcriptional reprogramming and phenotypical changes associated with growth ofXanthomonas campestrispv.campestrisin cabbage xylem sap. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:527-41. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 441; INRA; Castanet-Tolosan France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 2594; CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Laurent D. Noël
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 441; INRA; Castanet-Tolosan France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 2594; CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Magali SanCristobal
- UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage; INRA; Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage; Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT; Castanet-Tolosan France
- UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage; Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Saida Danoun
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales (LRSV); UMR 5546; Université de Toulouse, UPS; Castanet-Tolosan France
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales (LRSV); UMR 5546; CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Anke Becker
- Loewe Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Paul Soreau
- CEA Cadarache; IBEB-SBVME; Research Group in Applied Phytotechnics; UMR 6191 CNRS-CEA; Aix-Marseille University; Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex France
| | - Matthieu Arlat
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 441; INRA; Castanet-Tolosan France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 2594; CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 441; INRA; Castanet-Tolosan France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM); UMR 2594; CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan France
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30
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Pegos VR, Nascimento JF, Sobreira TJP, Pauletti BA, Paes-Leme A, Balan A. Phosphate regulated proteins of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri: a proteomic approach. J Proteomics 2014; 108:78-88. [PMID: 24846853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is the causative agent of the citrus canker, a disease that affects several citrus plants in Brazil and across the world. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of genes for infection and pathogenesis in this bacterium, there are no data related to phosphate uptake and assimilation pathways. To identify the proteins that are involved in the phosphate response, we performed a proteomic analysis of X. citri extracts after growth in three culture media with different phosphate concentrations. Using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, we showed that X. citri conserved orthologous genes from Pho regulon in Escherichia coli, including the two-component system PhoR/PhoB, ATP binding cassette (ABC transporter) Pst for phosphate uptake, and the alkaline phosphatase PhoA. Analysis performed under phosphate starvation provided evidence of the relevance of the Pst system for phosphate uptake, as well as both periplasmic binding proteins, PhoX and PstS, which were formed in high abundance. The results from this study are the first evidence of the Pho regulon activation in X. citri and bring new insights for studies related to the bacterial metabolism and physiology. Biological significance Using proteomics and bioinformatics analysis we showed for the first time that the phytopathogenic bacterium X. citri conserves a set of proteins that belong to the Pho regulon, which are induced during phosphate starvation. The most relevant in terms of conservation and up-regulation were the periplasmic-binding proteins PstS and PhoX from the ABC transporter PstSBAC for phosphate, the two-component system composed by PhoR/PhoB and the alkaline phosphatase PhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodrigues Pegos
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Faria Nascimento
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago José Paschoal Sobreira
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Paes-Leme
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Balan
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Departamento de Microbiologia, - São Paulo - SP, Brazil; Laboratório Nacional de Biociências - LNBio, Centro de Pesquisas em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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31
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Zimaro T, Thomas L, Marondedze C, Sgro GG, Garofalo CG, Ficarra FA, Gehring C, Ottado J, Gottig N. The type III protein secretion system contributes to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri biofilm formation. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:96. [PMID: 24742141 PMCID: PMC4021560 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several bacterial plant pathogens colonize their hosts through the secretion of effector proteins by a Type III protein secretion system (T3SS). The role of T3SS in bacterial pathogenesis is well established but whether this system is involved in multicellular processes, such as bacterial biofilm formation has not been elucidated. Here, the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) was used as a model to gain further insights about the role of the T3SS in biofilm formation. Results The capacity of biofilm formation of different X. citri T3SS mutants was compared to the wild type strain and it was observed that this secretion system was necessary for this process. Moreover, the T3SS mutants adhered proficiently to leaf surfaces but were impaired in leaf-associated growth. A proteomic study of biofilm cells showed that the lack of the T3SS causes changes in the expression of proteins involved in metabolic processes, energy generation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and bacterial motility as well as outer membrane proteins. Furthermore, EPS production and bacterial motility were also altered in the T3SS mutants. Conclusions Our results indicate a novel role for T3SS in X. citri in the modulation of biofilm formation. Since this process increases X. citri virulence, this study reveals new functions of T3SS in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Gottig
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
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