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El-Mowafy M, El-Mesery M, Khalil MAF, El-Mesery A, Elgaml A. Expression and purification of Hepatitis B virus core antigen using Escherichia coli and its utilization for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus infections. Biologicals 2024; 85:101726. [PMID: 37979341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for most of the viral hepatitis worldwide. HBV is a partially double stranded DNA virus that is composed of four main open reading frames (ORFs) encoding its important antigens, namely hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), HBV polymerase and hepatitis B X antigen (HBxAg). In this study, we report a successful method for the cloning and expression of HBcAg. The ORF of HBcAg was successfully amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned into the expression vector pRSET-B and transformed to Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL-21 (DE3) pLysS strain for protein expression. Successful expression of HBcAg was accomplished, in which an induced protein with a molecular weight of 24 kDa was obtained and confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. The produced HBcAg was successfully used for the diagnosis of HBV infected patient through detection of antibodies against HBcAg (anti-HBcAg) in the serum of the patient utilizing Western blotting. Overall, this study provides a simple, convenient and efficient protocol for the production of HBcAg that can be used as an important candidate to study the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV disease, as well as for understanding the epidemiological prevalence of HBV cases and production of anti-HBcAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Mowafy
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A F Khalil
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mesery
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
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2
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Jones JT, Morelli KA, Vesely EM, Puerner CTS, Pavuluri CK, Ross BS, van Rhijn N, Bromley MJ, Cramer RA. The cystic fibrosis treatment Trikafta affects the growth, viability, and cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms. mBio 2023; 14:e0151623. [PMID: 37830825 PMCID: PMC10653927 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE PwCF commonly test positive for pathogenic fungi, and more than 90% of the cystic fibrosis patient population is approved for the modulator treatment, Trikafta. Therefore, it is critical to understand how fungal communities, specifically A. fumigatus, respond to Trikafta exposure. Therefore, we sought to determine whether Trikafta impacted the biology of A. fumigatus biofilms. Our data demonstrate that Trikafta reduces biomass in several laboratory strains as well as clinical strains isolated from the expectorated sputum of pwCF. Furthermore, Trikafta reduces fungal viability and the capacity of biofilms to recover following treatment. Of particular importance, Trikafta affects how A. fumigatus biofilms respond to cell wall stressors, suggesting that Trikafta modulates components of the cell wall. Since the cell wall directly affects how a host immune system will respond to and effectively neutralize pathogens, our work, demonstrating that Trikafta impacts the A. fumigatus cell wall, is potentially highly relevant to fungal-induced disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T. Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kaesi A. Morelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Elisa M. Vesely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Charles T. S. Puerner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Chetan K. Pavuluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brandon S. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Norman van Rhijn
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Antimicrobial Resistance Network, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Antimicrobial Resistance Network, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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3
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Cai R, He W, Zhang J, Liu R, Yin Z, Zhang X, Sun C. Blue light promotes zero-valent sulfur production in a deep-sea bacterium. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112514. [PMID: 36946144 PMCID: PMC10267690 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that light exists in a diverse range of deep-sea environments. We unexpectedly found that blue light is necessary to produce excess zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) in Erythrobacter flavus 21-3, a bacterium that has been recently isolated from a deep-sea cold seep. E. flavus 21-3 is able to convert thiosulfate to ZVS using a novel thiosulfate oxidation pathway comprising a thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) and a thiosulfohydrolase (SoxB). Using proteomic, bacterial two-hybrid and heterologous expression assays, we found that the light-oxygen-voltage histidine kinase LOV-1477 responds to blue light and activates the diguanylate cyclase DGC-2902 to produce c-di-GMP. Subsequently, the PilZ domain-containing protein mPilZ-1753 binds to c-di-GMP and activates TsdA through direct interaction. Finally, Raman spectroscopy and gene knockout results verified that TsdA and two SoxB homologs cooperate to regulate ZVS production. As ZVS is an energy source for E. flavus 21-3, we propose that deep-sea blue light provides E. flavus 21-3 with a selective advantage in the cold seep, suggesting a previously unappreciated relationship between light-sensing pathways and sulfur metabolism in a deep-sea microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center of Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Wanying He
- College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center of Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Rui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center of Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Ziyu Yin
- College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center of Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center of Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center of Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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4
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El-Mowafy M, Elegezy M, El-Mesery M, Elgaml A. Novel method for cloning of hepatitis B virus DNA using the In-Fusion enzyme. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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5
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Anand G, Gupta R, Marash I, Leibman-Markus M, Bar M. Cytokinin production and sensing in fungi. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Yaakoub H, Sanchez NS, Ongay-Larios L, Courdavault V, Calenda A, Bouchara JP, Coria R, Papon N. The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in fungi †. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:657-695. [PMID: 34893006 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2011834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While fungi are widely occupying nature, many species are responsible for devastating mycosis in humans. Such niche diversity explains how quick fungal adaptation is necessary to endow the capacity of withstanding fluctuating environments and to cope with host-imposed conditions. Among all the molecular mechanisms evolved by fungi, the most studied one is the activation of the phosphorelay signalling pathways, of which the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway constitutes one of the key molecular apparatus underpinning fungal adaptation and virulence. In this review, we summarize the seminal knowledge of the HOG pathway with its more recent developments. We specifically described the HOG-mediated stress adaptation, with a particular focus on osmotic and oxidative stress, and point out some lags in our understanding of its involvement in the virulence of pathogenic species including, the medically important fungi Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, compared to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we also highlighted some possible applications of the HOG pathway modifications to improve the fungal-based production of natural products in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Norma Silvia Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Ongay-Larios
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Roberto Coria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Liao B, Ye X, Chen X, Zhou Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. The two-component signal transduction system and its regulation in Candida albicans. Virulence 2021; 12:1884-1899. [PMID: 34233595 PMCID: PMC8274445 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1949883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, which can cause superficial and life-threatening systemic infections, is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen in the human microbiome. The two-component system is one of the most important C. albicans signal transduction pathways, regulating the response to oxidative and osmotic stresses, adhesion, morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis, virulence, drug resistance, and the host-pathogen interactions. Notably, some components of this signaling pathway have not been found in the human genome, indicating that the two-component system of C. albicans can be a potential target for new antifungal agents. Here, we summarize the composition, signal transduction, and regulation of the two-component system of C. albicans to emphasize its essential roles in the pathogenesis of C. albicans and the new therapeutic target for antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li T, Xiu Q, Wang Q, Wang J, Duan Y, Zhou M. Functional dissection of individual domains in group III histidine kinase Sshk1p from the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104914. [PMID: 34446190 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A conserved kinase domain and phosphoryl group receiver domain at the C-terminus and poly-HAMP domains at the N-terminus comprise the structural components of the group III HK which was considered as a potential antifungal target. However, the roles of individual domains in the function of group III HKs have rarely been dissected in fungi. In this study, we dissected the roles of individual domains to better understand the function of Sshk1p, a group III HK from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results suggest that individual domains play different roles in the functionality of Sshk1p and are implicated in the regulation of mycelial growth, sclerotia formation, pathogenicity. And the mutants of each domain in Sshk1 showed significantly increased sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress. However, the mutants of each domain in Sshk1 showed high resistance to fludioxonil and dimethachlon which suggested that all nine domains of Sshk1p were indispensable for susceptibility to fludioxonil and dimethachlon. Moreover, deletion of each individual domain in Sshk1 cancelled intracellular glycerol accumulation and increased SsHog1p phosphorylation level triggered by NaCl and fludioxonil, suggesting that all the domains of Sshk1 were essential for Sshk1-mediated SsHog1p phosphorylation and subsequent polyol accumulation in response to fludioxonil and hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Xiu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Research Center of Pesticide Resistance & Management Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Research Center of Pesticide Resistance & Management Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Research Center of Pesticide Resistance & Management Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Distinct role of HAMP and HAMP-like linker domains in regulating the activity of Hik1p, a hybrid histidine kinase 3 from Magnaporthe oryzae. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1135-1145. [PMID: 34196769 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nik1 orthologs or group III hybrid histidine kinases (HHK3) represent a unique cytoplasmic osmosensor that act upstream of HOG/p38 MAPK pathway in fungi. It is an important molecular target for developing new antifungal agents against human pathogens. HHK3 orthologs contain a linear array of alternative HAMP and HAMP-like linker domains (poly-HAMP) in the N-terminal region. HAMP domains are quite common in prokaryotic histidine kinases where it mostly functions as signal transducer mediating conformational changes in the kinase domains. In contrast, poly-HAMP in HHK3 acts as a sensor and signal transducer to regulate histidine kinase activity. However, the mechanistic detail of this is poorly understood. Interestingly, recent studies indicate that the poly-HAMP-mediated regulation of the kinase activity varies among the orthologs. Hik1 is an important HHK3 ortholog from fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In this paper, we aimed to decipher the role HAMP and HAMP-like linker domains in regulating the activity of Hik1p. We show that Hik1p acts as a bona fide osmosensor and negatively regulates the downstream HOG/p38 MAPK pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data suggest a differential role of the HAMP domains in the functionality of Hik1p. Most interestingly, the deletion of individual domains in poly-HAMP resulted in distinct active forms of Hik1p and thereby indicating that the poly-HAMP domain, instead of acting as on-off switch, regulates the histidine kinase activity by transition through multiple conformational states.
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Chang CK, Kao MC, Lan CY. Antimicrobial Activity of the Peptide LfcinB15 against Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070519. [PMID: 34209722 PMCID: PMC8306953 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is an amphipathic, cationic peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of the N-lobe of lactoferrin (Lf). Lfcin and its derivatives possess broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities. However, unlike their antibacterial functions, the modes of action of Lfcin and its derivatives against pathogenic fungi are less well understood. In this study, the mechanisms of LfcinB15, a derivative of bovine Lfcin, against Candida albicans were, therefore, extensively investigated. LfcinB15 exhibited inhibitory activity against planktonic cells, biofilm cells, and clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species. We further demonstrated that LfcinB15 is localized on the cell surface and vacuoles of C. albicans cells. Moreover, LfcinB15 uses several different methods to kill C. albicans, including disturbing the cell membrane, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the Hog1 and Mkc1 mitogen-activated protein kinases were both activated in C. albicans cells in response to LfcinB15. These findings help us to obtain more insight into the complex mechanisms used by LfcinB15 and other Lfcin-derived peptides to fight fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Kang Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Mou-Chieh Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.K.); ; (C.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-3-5742473 (M.-C.K.); +886-3-5742472 (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chung-Yu Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.K.); ; (C.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-3-5742473 (M.-C.K.); +886-3-5742472 (C.-Y.L.)
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Bersching K, Jacob S. The Molecular Mechanism of Fludioxonil Action Is Different to Osmotic Stress Sensing. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050393. [PMID: 34067802 PMCID: PMC8156855 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The group III two-component hybrid histidine kinase MoHik1p in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is known to be a sensor for external osmotic stress and essential for the fungicidal activity of the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil. The mode of action of fludioxonil has not yet been completely clarified but rather assumed to hyperactivate the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway. To date, not much is known about the detailed molecular mechanism of how osmotic stress is detected or fungicidal activity is initiated within the HOG pathway. The molecular mechanism of signaling was studied using a mutant strain in which the HisKA signaling domain was modified by an amino acid change of histidine H736 to alanine A736. We found that MoHik1pH736A is as resistant to fludioxonil but not as sensitive to osmotic stress as the null mutant ∆Mohik1. H736 is required for fludioxonil action but is not essential for sensing sorbitol stress. Consequently, this report provides evidence of the difference in the molecular mechanism of fludioxonil action and the perception of osmotic stress. This is an excellent basis to understand the successful phenylpyrrole-fungicides’ mode of action better and will give new ideas to decipher cellular signaling mechanisms.
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He J, Cui Z, Ji X, Luo Y, Wei Y, Zhang Q. Novel Histidine Kinase Gene HisK2301 from Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae Contributes to Cold Adaption by Promoting Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycerol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:653-660. [PMID: 30558417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid histidine kinase (HHKs) are widespread in fungi, but their roles in the regulation of fungal adaptation to environmental stresses remain largely unclear. To elucidate this, we cloned HisK2301 from Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain YM25235, characterized HisK2301 as a novel HHK, and further investigated the role of HisK2301 by overexpressing it in YM25235. Our results revealed that HisK2301 can promote adaptation of YM25235 to cold, osmotic, and salt stresses. During cold stress, HisK2301 significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and intracellular glycerol. HisK2301 also augmented the expression levels of Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturase ( RKD12) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase1 ( GPD1), which are responsible for PUFA and glycerol biosynthesis, respectively. To conclude, our findings give the first insight into the defense and mechanisms of HisK2301 in fungi against cold stress and suggest the potential use of the novel cold-adapted HHK HisK2301 in industrial processes, such as large-scale production of PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , PR China
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases , The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming , Yunnan 650032 , PR China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , PR China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , PR China
| | - Yiyong Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , PR China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , PR China
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Abstract
Many yeasts undergo a morphological transition from yeast-to-hyphal growth in response to environmental conditions. We used forward and reverse genetic techniques to identify genes regulating this transition in Yarrowia lipolytica. We confirmed that the transcription factor Ylmsn2 is required for the transition to hyphal growth and found that signaling by the histidine kinases Ylchk1 and Ylnik1 as well as the MAP kinases of the HOG pathway (Ylssk2, Ylpbs2, and Ylhog1) regulates the transition to hyphal growth. These results suggest that Y. lipolytica transitions to hyphal growth in response to stress through multiple kinase pathways. Intriguingly, we found that a repetitive portion of the genome containing telomere-like and rDNA repeats may be involved in the transition to hyphal growth, suggesting a link between this region and the general stress response. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica undergoes a morphological transition from yeast-to-hyphal growth in response to environmental conditions. A forward genetic screen was used to identify mutants that reliably remain in the yeast phase, which were then assessed by whole-genome sequencing. All the smooth mutants identified, so named because of their colony morphology, exhibit independent loss of DNA at a repetitive locus made up of interspersed ribosomal DNA and short 10- to 40-mer telomere-like repeats. The loss of repetitive DNA is associated with downregulation of genes with stress response elements (5′-CCCCT-3′) and upregulation of genes with cell cycle box (5′-ACGCG-3′) motifs in their promoter region. The stress response element is bound by the transcription factor Msn2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We confirmed that the Y. lipolyticamsn2 (Ylmsn2) ortholog is required for hyphal growth and found that overexpression of Ylmsn2 enables hyphal growth in smooth strains. The cell cycle box is bound by the Mbp1p/Swi6p complex in S. cerevisiae to regulate G1-to-S phase progression. We found that overexpression of either the Ylmbp1 or Ylswi6 homologs decreased hyphal growth and that deletion of either Ylmbp1 or Ylswi6 promotes hyphal growth in smooth strains. A second forward genetic screen for reversion to hyphal growth was performed with the smooth-33 mutant to identify additional genetic factors regulating hyphal growth in Y. lipolytica. Thirteen of the mutants sequenced from this screen had coding mutations in five kinases, including the histidine kinases Ylchk1 and Ylnik1 and kinases of the high-osmolarity glycerol response (HOG) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade Ylssk2, Ylpbs2, and Ylhog1. Together, these results demonstrate that Y. lipolytica transitions to hyphal growth in response to stress through multiple signaling pathways. IMPORTANCE Many yeasts undergo a morphological transition from yeast-to-hyphal growth in response to environmental conditions. We used forward and reverse genetic techniques to identify genes regulating this transition in Yarrowia lipolytica. We confirmed that the transcription factor Ylmsn2 is required for the transition to hyphal growth and found that signaling by the histidine kinases Ylchk1 and Ylnik1 as well as the MAP kinases of the HOG pathway (Ylssk2, Ylpbs2, and Ylhog1) regulates the transition to hyphal growth. These results suggest that Y. lipolytica transitions to hyphal growth in response to stress through multiple kinase pathways. Intriguingly, we found that a repetitive portion of the genome containing telomere-like and rDNA repeats may be involved in the transition to hyphal growth, suggesting a link between this region and the general stress response.
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Borowiecki P, Wińska P, Bretner M, Gizińska M, Koronkiewicz M, Staniszewska M. Synthesis of novel proxyphylline derivatives with dual Anti-Candida albicans and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29533875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three out of 16 newly synthesized 1,3-dimethylxanthine derivatives (proxyphylline analogues) exhibited consistencies between antifungal and anticancer properties. Proxyphylline possessing 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-yl (6) and polybrominated benzimidazole (41) or benzotriazole moiety (42) remained selectively cidal against Candida albicans (lg R ≥ 3 at conc. of 31, 36 and 20 μM, respectively) however not against normal mammalian Vero cell line in vitro (IC50 ≥ 280 μM) and Galleria mellonella in vivo. These compounds also displayed moderate antineoplastic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line (EC50 = 80 μM) and high against peripheral blood T lymphoblast (CCRF-CEM) (EC50 = 6.3-6.5 μM). In addition, 6 and 42 exerted: (1) dual activity against fungal adhesion and damage mature biofilm; (2) necrosis of planktonic cells due to loss of membrane function and of structural integrity; (3) biochemical (inhibition of sessile cell respiration) and morphological changes in cell wall polysaccharide contents. Therefore, leading proxyphylline derivatives can be employed to prevent cancer-associated biofilm Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bretner
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gizińska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
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Spadinger A, Ebel F. Molecular characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus TcsC, a characteristic type III hybrid histidine kinase of filamentous fungi harboring six HAMP domains. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:200-208. [PMID: 28527583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III hybrid histidine kinase (HHK) TcsC enables the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus to thrive under hyperosmotic conditions. It is, moreover, of particular interest, since it is the target of certain antifungal agents, such as fludioxonil. This study was aimed at a functional characterization of the domains that constitute the sensing and the kinase module of TcsC. The sensing module consists of six HAMP domains, an architecture that is commonly found in type III HHKs of filamentous fungi. To dissect the functional role of the individual domains, we have analyzed a set of truncated derivatives of TcsC with respect to their impact on fungal growth and their ability to respond to hyperosmotic stress and fludioxonil. Our data demonstrate that the TcsC kinase module per se is constitutively active and under the control of the sensing module. We furthermore found that the sixth HAMP domain alone is sufficient to arrest the kinase module in an inactive state. This effect can be partially lifted by the presence of the fifth HAMP domain. Constructs harboring more than these two HAMP domains are per se inactive and all six HAMP domains are required to enable a response to fludioxonil or hyperosmotic stress. When expressed in an A. fumigatus wild type strain, the construct harboring only the sixth HAMP domain exerts a strong dominant negative effect on the native TcsC. This effect is successively reduced in other constructs harboring increasing numbers of HAMP domains. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of a type III HHK containing six HAMP domains. Our data strongly suggest that TcsC is a positive regulator of its MAPK SakA and thereby differs fundamentally from the prototypic yeast type III HHK DhNik1 of Debaryomyces hansenii, which harbors only five HAMP domains and acts as a negative regulator of its MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Spadinger
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Salas-Delgado G, Ongay-Larios L, Kawasaki-Watanabe L, López-Villaseñor I, Coria R. The yeasts phosphorelay systems: a comparative view. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:111. [PMID: 28470426 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells contain signal transduction pathways that mediate communication between the extracellular environment and the cell interior. These pathways control transcriptional programs and posttranscriptional processes that modify cell metabolism in order to maintain homeostasis. One type of these signal transduction systems are the so-called Two Component Systems (TCS), which conduct the transfer of phosphate groups between specific and conserved histidine and aspartate residues present in at least two proteins; the first protein is a sensor kinase which autophosphorylates a histidine residue in response to a stimulus, this phosphate is then transferred to an aspartic residue located in a response regulator protein. There are classical and hybrid TCS, whose difference consists in the number of proteins and functional domains involved in the phosphorelay. The TCS are widespread in bacteria where the sensor and its response regulator are mostly specific for a given stimulus. In eukaryotic organisms such as fungi, slime molds, and plants, TCS are present as hybrid multistep phosphorelays, with a variety of arrangements (Stock et al. in Annu Rev Biochem 69:183-215, 2000; Wuichet et al. in Curr Opin Microbiol 292:1039-1050, 2010). In these multistep phosphorelay systems, several phosphotransfer events take place between different histidine and aspartate residues localized in specific domains present in more than two proteins (Thomason and Kay, in J Cell Sci 113:3141-3150, 2000; Robinson et al. in Nat Struct Biol 7:626-633, 2000). This review presents a brief and succinct description of the Two-component systems of model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Kluyveromyces lactis. We have focused on the comparison of domain organization and functions of each component present in these phosphorelay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Salas-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de FisiologíaCelular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Ongay-Larios
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Kawasaki-Watanabe
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de FisiologíaCelular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Imelda López-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roberto Coria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de FisiologíaCelular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Fludioxonil Induces Drk1, a Fungal Group III Hybrid Histidine Kinase, To Dephosphorylate Its Downstream Target, Ypd1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01414-16. [PMID: 27872062 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01414-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel antifungal drugs and targets are urgently needed. Group III hybrid histidine kinases (HHKs) represent an appealing new therapeutic drug target because they are widely expressed in fungi but absent from humans. We investigated the mode of action of the widely utilized, effective fungicide fludioxonil. The drug acts in an HHK-dependent manner by constitutive activation of the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here, we report a new mode of drug action that entails conversion of the HHK from a kinase into a phosphatase. We expressed Drk1 (dimorphism-regulating kinase), which is an intracellular group III HHK from the fungal pathogen Blastomyces dermatitidis, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Drk1 engendered drug sensitivity in B. dermatitidis and conferred sensitivity upon S. cerevisiae In response to fludioxonil, Drk1 behaved as a phosphatase rather than as a kinase, leading to dephosphorylation of its downstream target, Ypd1, constitutive activation of the HOG pathway, and yeast cell death. Aspartic acid residue 1140 in the Drk1 receiver domain was required for in vivo phosphatase activity on Ypd1, and Hog1 was required for drug effect, indicating fidelity in HHK-dependent drug action. In in vitro assays with purified protein, intact Drk1 demonstrated intrinsic kinase activity, and the Drk1 receiver domain exhibited intrinsic phosphatase activity. However, fludioxonil failed to induce intact Drk1 to dephosphorylate Ypd1. We conclude that fludioxonil treatment in vivo likely acts on an upstream target that triggers HHK to become a phosphatase, which dephosphorylates its downstream target, Ypd1.
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Konte T, Terpitz U, Plemenitaš A. Reconstruction of the High-Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Signaling Pathway from the Halophilic Fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:901. [PMID: 27379041 PMCID: PMC4904012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycetous fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga grows between 1.7 and 5.1 M NaCl and is the most halophilic eukaryote described to date. Like other fungi, W. ichthyophaga detects changes in environmental salinity mainly by the evolutionarily conserved high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the HOG pathway has been extensively studied in connection to osmotic regulation, with a valuable knock-out strain collection established. In the present study, we reconstructed the architecture of the HOG pathway of W. ichthyophaga in suitable S. cerevisiae knock-out strains, through heterologous expression of the W. ichthyophaga HOG pathway proteins. Compared to S. cerevisiae, where the Pbs2 (ScPbs2) kinase of the HOG pathway is activated via the SHO1 and SLN1 branches, the interactions between the W. ichthyophaga Pbs2 (WiPbs2) kinase and the W. ichthyophaga SHO1 branch orthologs are not conserved: as well as evidence of poor interactions between the WiSho1 Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain and the WiPbs2 proline-rich motif, the absence of a considerable part of the osmosensing apparatus in the genome of W. ichthyophaga suggests that the SHO1 branch components are not involved in HOG signaling in this halophilic fungus. In contrast, the conserved activation of WiPbs2 by the S. cerevisiae ScSsk2/ScSsk22 kinase and the sensitivity of W. ichthyophaga cells to fludioxonil, emphasize the significance of two-component (SLN1-like) signaling via Group III histidine kinase. Combined with protein modeling data, our study reveals conserved and non-conserved protein interactions in the HOG signaling pathway of W. ichthyophaga and therefore significantly improves the knowledge of hyperosmotic signal processing in this halophilic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilen Konte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Plemenitaš
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chaves AFA, Navarro MV, Castilho DG, Calado JCP, Conceição PM, Batista WL. A conserved dimorphism-regulating histidine kinase controls the dimorphic switching in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow047. [PMID: 27268997 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii, thermally dimorphic fungi, are the causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Paracoccidioides infection occurs when conidia or mycelium fragments are inhaled by the host, which causes the Paracoccidioides cells to transition to the yeast form. The development of disease requires conidia inside the host alveoli to differentiate into yeast cells in a temperature-dependent manner. We describe the presence of a two-component signal transduction system in P. brasiliensis, which we investigated by expression analysis of a hypothetical protein gene (PADG_07579) that showed high similarity with the dimorphism-regulating histidine kinase (DRK1) gene of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum This gene was sensitive to environmental redox changes, which was demonstrated by a dose-dependent decrease in transcript levels after peroxide stimulation and a subtler decrease in transcript levels after NO stimulation. Furthermore, the higher PbDRK1 levels after treatment with increasing NaCl concentrations suggest that this histidine kinase can play a role as osmosensing. In the mycelium-yeast (M→Y) transition, PbDRK1 mRNA expression increased 14-fold after 24 h incubation at 37°C, consistent with similar observations in other virulent fungi. These results demonstrate that the PbDRK1 gene is differentially expressed during the dimorphic M→Y transition. Finally, when P. brasiliensis mycelium cells were exposed to a histidine kinase inhibitor and incubated at 37°C, there was a delay in the dimorphic M→Y transition, suggesting that histidine kinases could be targets of interest for PCM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F A Chaves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unidade José Alencar, Street São Nicolau, nº210, 4º floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Marina V Navarro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unidade José Alencar, Street São Nicolau, nº210, 4º floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele G Castilho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unidade José Alencar, Street São Nicolau, nº210, 4º floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana C P Calado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unidade José Alencar, Street São Nicolau, nº210, 4º floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Palloma M Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Batista
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unidade José Alencar, Street São Nicolau, nº210, 4º floor, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Hagiwara D, Sakamoto K, Abe K, Gomi K. Signaling pathways for stress responses and adaptation in Aspergillus species: stress biology in the post-genomic era. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1667-80. [PMID: 27007956 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1162085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus species are among the most important filamentous fungi in terms of industrial use and because of their pathogenic or toxin-producing features. The genomes of several Aspergillus species have become publicly available in this decade, and genomic analyses have contributed to an integrated understanding of fungal biology. Stress responses and adaptation mechanisms have been intensively investigated using the accessible genome infrastructure. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have been highlighted as being fundamentally important in fungal adaptation to a wide range of stress conditions. Reverse genetics analyses have uncovered the roles of MAPK pathways in osmotic stress, cell wall stress, development, secondary metabolite production, and conidia stress resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the stress biology of Aspergillus species, illuminating what we have learned from the genomic data in this "post-genomic era."
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hagiwara
- a Medical Mycology Research Center , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| | | | - Keietsu Abe
- c Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- c Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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21
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Randhawa A, Chawla S, Mondal AK. Functional dissection of HAMP domains in NIK1 ortholog from pathogenic yeast Candida lusitaniae. Gene 2016; 577:251-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Defosse TA, Sharma A, Mondal AK, Dugé de Bernonville T, Latgé JP, Calderone R, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Courdavault V, Clastre M, Papon N. Hybrid histidine kinases in pathogenic fungi. Mol Microbiol 2015; 95:914-24. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Defosse
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales; EA 2106; Université François-Rabelais de Tours; Tours France
| | | | - Alok K. Mondal
- Institute of Microbial Technology; Chandigarh India
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | | | | | - Richard Calderone
- Georgetown University Medical Center; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Washington DC USA
| | | | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales; EA 2106; Université François-Rabelais de Tours; Tours France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales; EA 2106; Université François-Rabelais de Tours; Tours France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales; EA 2106; Université François-Rabelais de Tours; Tours France
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