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Liu L, Wang J, Zhang Q, Sun T, Wang P. Cloning of the Soybean GmNHL1 Gene and Functional Analysis under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3869. [PMID: 38005766 PMCID: PMC10675494 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
When encountered in the soybean seedling stage, salt stress has serious impacts on plant growth and development. This study explores the role of the soybean NDR1/HIN1-like family gene GmNHL1 under salt stress. First, the GmNHL1 gene was successfully cloned, and bioinformatic analysis revealed multiple cis-acting elements which are related to adversity stress and involved in the oxidative response in the promoter region. Sub-cellular localization analysis indicated that the protein expressed by GmNHL1 was localized on the cell membrane. An over-expression vector of the target gene and a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector were constructed, and the recipient soybean variety Jinong 74 was genetically transformed using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. By analyzing the performance of the different plants under salt stress, the results showed that GmNHL1 was over-expressed in the T2 generation. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vitality index of the strain were significantly higher than those of the recipient control JN74. Under salt stress conditions, the root microanatomical structure of the GmNHL1 over-expressing material remained relatively intact, and its growth was better than that of the recipient control JN74. Measurement of physiological and biochemical indicators demonstrated that, compared with the receptor control JN74, the malondialdehyde and O2- contents of the GmNHL1 over-expressing material were significantly reduced, while the antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and chlorophyll content significantly increased; however, the results for GmNHL1 gene-edited materials were the opposite. In summary, over-expression of GmNHL1 can improve the salt tolerance of plants and maintain the integrity of the root anatomical structure, thereby more effectively and rapidly reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde and O2- content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. This reduces cell membrane damage, thereby improving the salt tolerance of soybean plants. These results help to better understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in soybean plants, laying a theoretical foundation for breeding new stress-resistant varieties of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- The Center of Biotechnology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Center of Biotechnology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- The Center of Biotechnology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Piwu Wang
- The Center of Biotechnology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Kim TJ, Lim GH. Salicylic Acid and Mobile Regulators of Systemic Immunity in Plants: Transport and Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1013. [PMID: 36903874 PMCID: PMC10005269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) occurs when primary infected leaves produce several SAR-inducing chemical or mobile signals that are transported to uninfected distal parts via apoplastic or symplastic compartments and activate systemic immunity. The transport route of many chemicals associated with SAR is unknown. Recently, it was demonstrated that pathogen-infected cells preferentially transport salicylic acid (SA) through the apoplasts to uninfected areas. The pH gradient and deprotonation of SA may lead to apoplastic accumulation of SA before it accumulates in the cytosol following pathogen infection. Additionally, SA mobility over a long distance is essential for SAR, and transpiration controls the partitioning of SA into apoplasts and cuticles. On the other hand, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and azelaic acid (AzA) travel via the plasmodesmata (PD) channel in the symplastic route. In this review, we discuss the role of SA as a mobile signal and the regulation of SA transport in SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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3
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Mining of Cloned Disease Resistance Gene Homologs (CDRHs) in Brassica Species and Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060821. [PMID: 35741342 PMCID: PMC9220128 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Developing cultivars with resistance genes (R genes) is an effective strategy to support high yield and quality in Brassica crops. The availability of clone R gene and genomic sequences in Brassica species and Arabidopsis thaliana provide the opportunity to compare genomic regions and survey R genes across genomic databases. In this paper, we aim to identify genes related to cloned genes through sequence identity, providing a repertoire of species-wide related R genes in Brassica crops. The comprehensive list of candidate R genes can be used as a reference for functional analysis. Abstract Various diseases severely affect Brassica crops, leading to significant global yield losses and a reduction in crop quality. In this study, we used the complete protein sequences of 49 cloned resistance genes (R genes) that confer resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases known to impact species in the Brassicaceae family. Homology searches were carried out across Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. nigra, B. juncea, B. carinata and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes. In total, 660 cloned disease R gene homologs (CDRHs) were identified across the seven species, including 431 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) (248 nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats (NLRs), 150 receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) and 33 receptor-like proteins (RLPs)) and 229 non-RGAs. Based on the position and distribution of specific homologs in each of the species, we observed a total of 87 CDRH clusters composed of 36 NLR, 16 RLK and 3 RLP homogeneous clusters and 32 heterogeneous clusters. The CDRHs detected consistently across the seven species are candidates that can be investigated for broad-spectrum resistance, potentially providing resistance to multiple pathogens. The R genes identified in this study provide a novel resource for the future functional analysis and gene cloning of Brassicaceae R genes towards crop improvement.
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Yang B, Yang S, Guo B, Wang Y, Zheng W, Tian M, Dai K, Liu Z, Wang H, Ma Z, Wang Y, Ye W, Dong S, Wang Y. The Phytophthora effector Avh241 interacts with host NDR1-like proteins to manipulate plant immunity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1382-1396. [PMID: 33586843 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins to suppress host innate immune responses and facilitate colonization. Although the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh241 promotes Phytophthora infection, the molecular basis of Avh241 virulence remains poorly understood. Here we identified non-race specific disease resistance 1 (NDR1)-like proteins, the critical components in plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses, as host targets of Avh241. Avh241 interacts with NDR1 in the plasma membrane and suppresses NDR1-participated ETI responses. Silencing of GmNDR1s increases the susceptibility of soybean to P. sojae infection, and overexpression of GmNDR1s reduces infection, which supports its positive role in plant immunity against P. sojae. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GmNDR1 interacts with itself, and Avh241 probably disrupts the self-association of GmNDR1. These data highlight an effective counter-defense mechanism by which a Phytophthora effector suppresses plant immune responses, likely by disturbing the function of NDR1 during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baodian Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyue Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengjun Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaixin Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zehan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenchuan Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Couttolenc-Brenis E, Carrión GL, Villain L, Ortega-Escalona F, Ramírez-Martínez D, Mata-Rosas M, Méndez-Bravo A. Prehaustorial local resistance to coffee leaf rust in a Mexican cultivar involves expression of salicylic acid-responsive genes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8345. [PMID: 32002327 PMCID: PMC6982411 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In Mexico, coffee leaf rust (CLR) is the main disease that affects the Arabica coffee crop. In this study, the local response of two Mexican cultivars of Coffea arabica (Oro Azteca and Garnica) in the early stages of Hemileia vastatrix infection was evaluated.
Methods
We quantified the development of fungal structures in locally-infected leaf disks from both cultivars, using qRT-PCR to measure the relative expression of two pathogenesis recognition genes (CaNDR1 and CaNBS-LRR) and three genes associated with the salicylic acid (SA)-related pathway (CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaPR5).
Results
Resistance of the cv. Oro Azteca was significantly higher than that of the cv. Garnica, with 8.2% and 53.3% haustorial detection, respectively. In addition, the non-race specific disease resistance gene (CaNDR1), a key gene for the pathogen recognition, as well as the genes associated with SA, CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaPR5, presented an increased expression in response to infection by H. vastatrix in cv. Oro Azteca if comparing with cv. Garnica. Our results suggest that Oro Azteca’s defense mechanisms could involve early recognition of CLR by NDR1 and the subsequent activation of the SA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Couttolenc-Brenis
- Red de Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrìcolas y Pecuarias, C.E. Cotaxtla, Veracruz, México
| | - Gloria L. Carrión
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática de Hongos, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Luc Villain
- La Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR, RPB, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Daniel Ramírez-Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Martín Mata-Rosas
- Red de Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Bravo
- CONACYT-Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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6
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Dhar N, Short DPG, Mamo BE, Corrion AJ, Wai CM, Anchieta A, VanBuren R, Day B, Ajwa H, Subbarao KV, Klosterman SJ. Arabidopsis defense mutant ndr1-1 displays accelerated development and early flowering mediated by the hormone gibberellic acid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:200-213. [PMID: 31203885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NONRACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE (NDR1) is a widely characterized gene that plays a key role in defense against multiple bacterial, fungal, oomycete and nematode plant pathogens. NDR1 is required for activation of resistance by multiple NB and LRR-containing (NLR) protein immune sensors and contributes to basal defense. The role of NDR1 in positively regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant defense responses is well documented. However, ndr1-1 plants flower earlier and show accelerated development in comparison to wild type (WT) Arabidopsis plants, indicating that NDR1 is a negative regulator of flowering and growth. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA) further accelerates the early flowering phenotype in ndr1-1 plants, while the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol attenuated the early flowering phenotype of ndr1-1, but not to WT levels, suggesting partial resistance to paclobutrazol and enhanced GA response in ndr1-1 plants. Mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed that ndr1-1 plants have 30-40% higher levels of GA3 and GA4, while expression of various GA metabolic genes and major flowering regulatory genes is also altered in the ndr1-1 mutant. Taken together this study provides evidence of crosstalk between the ndr1-1-mediated defense and GA-regulated developmental programs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, 93905, United States.
| | - Dylan P G Short
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, 93905, United States.
| | - Bullo Erena Mamo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, 93905, United States.
| | - Alex J Corrion
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States.
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States; Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States.
| | - Amy Anchieta
- USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, United States.
| | - Robert VanBuren
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States; Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States.
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, United States.
| | - Husein Ajwa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, 93905, United States.
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, 93905, United States.
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7
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Kapos P, Devendrakumar KT, Li X. Plant NLRs: From discovery to application. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:3-18. [PMID: 30709490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants require a complex immune system to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens which threaten their growth and development. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are immune sensors that recognize effectors delivered by pathogens. The first NLR was cloned more than twenty years ago. Since this initial discovery, NLRs have been described as key components of plant immunity responsible for pathogen recognition and triggering defense responses. They have now been described in most of the well-studied mulitcellular plant species, with most having large NLR repertoires. As research has progressed so has the understanding of how NLRs interact with their recognition substrates and how they in turn activate downstream signalling. It has also become apparent that NLR regulation occurs at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Even before the first NLR was cloned, breeders were utilising such genes to increase crop performance. Increased understanding of the mechanistic details of the plant immune system enable the generation of plants resistant against devastating pathogens. This review aims to give an updated summary of the NLR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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8
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Aljaafri WAR, McNeece BT, Lawaju BR, Sharma K, Niruala PM, Pant SR, Long DH, Lawrence KS, Lawrence GW, Klink VP. A harpin elicitor induces the expression of a coiled-coil nucleotide binding leucine rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) defense signaling gene and others functioning during defense to parasitic nematodes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:161-175. [PMID: 29107936 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial effector harpin induces the transcription of the Arabidopsis thaliana NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1/HARPIN INDUCED1 (NDR1/HIN1) coiled-coil nucleotide binding leucine rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) defense signaling gene. In Glycine max, Gm-NDR1-1 transcripts have been detected within root cells undergoing a natural resistant reaction to parasitism by the syncytium-forming nematode Heterodera glycines, functioning in the defense response. Expressing Gm-NDR1-1 in Gossypium hirsutum leads to resistance to Meloidogyne incognita parasitism. In experiments presented here, the heterologous expression of Gm-NDR1-1 in G. hirsutum impairs Rotylenchulus reniformis parasitism. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Gm-NDR1-1 expression functions broadly in generating a defense response. To examine a possible relationship with harpin, G. max plants topically treated with harpin result in induction of the transcription of Gm-NDR1-1. The result indicates the topical treatment of plants with harpin, itself, may lead to impaired nematode parasitism. Topical harpin treatments are shown to impair G. max parasitism by H. glycines, M. incognita and R. reniformis and G. hirsutum parasitism by M. incognita and R. reniformis. How harpin could function in defense has been examined in experiments showing it also induces transcription of G. max homologs of the proven defense genes ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1), TGA2, galactinol synthase, reticuline oxidase, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase, alpha soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (α-SNAP) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). In contrast, other defense genes are not directly transcriptionally activated by harpin. The results indicate harpin induces pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) defense processes in the root, activating defense to parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weasam A R Aljaafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Brant T McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Bisho R Lawaju
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Prakash M Niruala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Shankar R Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - David H Long
- Albaugh, LLC, 4060 Dawkins Farm Drive, Olive Branch, MS 38654, United States.
| | - Kathy S Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Gary W Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Vincent P Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
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Talhinhas P, Batista D, Diniz I, Vieira A, Silva DN, Loureiro A, Tavares S, Pereira AP, Azinheira HG, Guerra‐Guimarães L, Várzea V, Silva MDC. The coffee leaf rust pathogen Hemileia vastatrix: one and a half centuries around the tropics. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1039-1051. [PMID: 27885775 PMCID: PMC6638270 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY AND HISTORY Hemileia vastatrix Berk. and Broome (Basidiomycota, Pucciniales) was described in 1869 in eastern Africa and Ceylon as the agent of coffee leaf rust and has spread to all coffee cultivation areas worldwide. Major disease outbreaks in Asia, Africa and America caused and continue to cause severe yield losses, making this the most important disease of Arabica coffee, a cash crop for many tropical and sub-tropical countries. LIFE CYCLE AND DISEASE SYMPTOMS Hemileia vastatrix is a hemicyclic fungus with the urediniosporic life cycle as its most important (if not only) source of inoculum. Chlorotic spots are the first macroscopic symptoms, preceding the differentiation of suprastomatal, bouquet-shaped, orange-coloured uredinia. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 35% and have a polyetic epidemiological impact on subsequent years. DISEASE CONTROL Although the use of fungicides is one of the preferred immediate control measures, the use of resistant cultivars is considered to be the most effective and durable disease control strategy. The discovery of 'Híbrido de Timor' provided sources of resistance that have been used in several breeding programmes and that have been proven to be effective and durable, as some have been in use for more than 30 years. GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MOLECULAR PATHOGENICITY Although exhibiting limited genetic polymorphism, the very large genome of H. vastatrix (c. 797 Mbp) conceals great pathological diversity, with more than 50 physiological races. Gene expression studies have revealed a very precocious activation of signalling pathways and production of putative effectors, suggesting that the plant-fungus dialogue starts as early as at the germ tube stage, and have provided clues for the identification of avr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Talhinhas
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Inês Diniz
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Diogo N. Silva
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Andreia Loureiro
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Sílvia Tavares
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pereira
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
| | - Helena G. Azinheira
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra‐Guimarães
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Vítor Várzea
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- CIFC, Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do CafeeiroInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaQuinta do MarquêsOeiras2784‐505Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaTapada da AjudaLisbon1349‐017Portugal
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10
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McNeece BT, Pant SR, Sharma K, Niruala P, Lawrence GW, Klink VP. A Glycine max homolog of NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (NDR1) alters defense gene expression while functioning during a resistance response to different root pathogens in different genetic backgrounds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 114:60-71. [PMID: 28273511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A Glycine max homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (NDR1) coiled-coil nucleotide binding leucine rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) defense signaling gene (Gm-NDR1-1) is expressed in root cells undergoing a defense response to the root pathogenic nematode, Heterodera glycines. Gm-NDR1-1 overexpression in the H. glycines-susceptible genotype G. max[Williams 82/PI 518671] impairs parasitism. In contrast, Gm-NDR1-1 RNA interference (RNAi) in the H. glycines-resistant genotype G. max[Peking/PI 548402] facilitates parasitism. The broad effectiveness of Gm-NDR1-1 in impairing parasitism has then been examined by engineering its heterologous expression in Gossypium hirsutum which is susceptible to the root pathogenic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The heterologous expression of Gm-NDR1-1 in G. hirsutum effectively impairs M. incognita parasitism, reducing gall, egg mass, egg and juvenile numbers. In contrast to our prior experiments examining the effectiveness of the heterologous expression of a G. max homolog of the A. thaliana salicyclic acid signaling (SA) gene NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (Gm-NPR1-2), no cumulative negative effect on M. incognita parasitism has been observed in G. hirsutum expressing Gm-NDR1-1. The results indicate a common genetic basis exists for plant resistance to parasitic nematodes that involves Gm-NDR1. However, the Gm-NDR1-1 functions in ways that are measurably dissimilar to Gm-NPR1-2. Notably, Gm-NDR1-1 overexpression leads to increased relative transcript levels of its homologs of A. thaliana genes functioning in SA signaling, including NPR1-2, TGA2-1 and LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1-2) that is lost in Gm-NDR1-1 RNAi lines. Similar observations have been made regarding the expression of other defense genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant T McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Shankar R Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension, Texas A&M University, Weslaco, TX 78596, United States
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Prakash Niruala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Gary W Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Vincent P Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
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11
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Cacas JL, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Fromentin J, Cantrel C, Thomas D, Jeannette E, Kalachova T, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Ruelland E. Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:585-598. [PMID: 27272019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial-associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33 P]-orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells, we here provide in vivo evidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD-mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH-oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression of DGK5-like was up-regulated in response to cryptogein. Besides DGK5-like is likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid-mediated events in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannette
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- CNRS, UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
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12
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Bao Y, Song WM, Pan J, Jiang CM, Srivastava R, Li B, Zhu LY, Su HY, Gao XS, Liu H, Yu X, Yang L, Cheng XH, Zhang HX. Overexpression of the NDR1/HIN1-Like Gene NHL6 Modifies Seed Germination in Response to Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stresses in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148572. [PMID: 26849212 PMCID: PMC4744021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NHL (NDR1/HIN1-like) genes play crucial roles in pathogen induced plant responses to biotic stress. Here, we report the possible function of NHL6 in plant response to abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress. NHL6 was highly expressed in non-germinated seeds, and its expression was strongly induced by ABA and multiple abiotic stress signals. Loss-of-function of NHL6 decreased sensitivity to ABA in the early developmental stages including seed germination and post-germination seedling growth of the nhl6 mutants. However, overexpression of NHL6 increased sensitivity to ABA, salt and osmotic stress of the transgenic plants. Further studies indicated that the increased sensitivity in the 35S::NHL6 overexpressing plants could be a result of both ABA hypersensitivity and increased endogenous ABA accumulation under the stress conditions. It was also seen that the ABA-responsive element binding factors AREB1, AREB2 and ABF3 could regulate NHL6 expression at transcriptional level. Our results indicate that NHL6 plays an important role in the abiotic stresses-induced ABA signaling and biosynthesis, particularly during seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Plant Sciences Institute and the Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America
| | - Wei-Meng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun-Mei Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renu Srivastava
- Plant Sciences Institute and the Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America
| | - Bei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu-Ying Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Hong-Yan Su
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiao-Shu Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xian-Hao Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
- * E-mail: (X-HC); (H-XZ)
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- * E-mail: (X-HC); (H-XZ)
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13
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Laura M, Borghi C, Bobbio V, Allavena A. The effect on the transcriptome of Anemone coronaria following infection with rust (Tranzschelia discolor). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118565. [PMID: 25768012 PMCID: PMC4359109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand plant/pathogen interaction, the transcriptome of uninfected (1S) and infected (2I) plant was sequenced at 3'end by the GS FLX 454 platform. De novo assembly of high-quality reads generated 27,231 contigs leaving 37,191 singletons in the 1S and 38,393 in the 2I libraries. ESTcalc tool suggested that 71% of the transcriptome had been captured, with 99% of the genes present being represented by at least one read. Unigene annotation showed that 50.5% of the predicted translation products shared significant homology with protein sequences in GenBank. In all 253 differential transcript abundance (DTAs) were in higher abundance and 52 in lower abundance in the 2I library. 128 higher abundance DTA genes were of fungal origin and 49 were clearly plant sequences. A tBLASTn-based search of the sequences using as query the full length predicted polypeptide product of 50 R genes identified 16 R gene products. Only one R gene (PGIP) was up-regulated. The response of the plant to fungal invasion included the up-regulation of several pathogenesis related protein (PR) genes involved in JA signaling and other genes associated with defense response and down regulation of cell wall associated genes, non-race-specific disease resistance1 (NDR1) and other genes like myb, presqualene diphosphate phosphatase (PSDPase), a UDP-glycosyltransferase 74E2-like (UGT). The DTA genes identified here should provide a basis for understanding the A. coronaria/T. discolor interaction and leads for biotechnology-based disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Laura
- CRA—Unità di Ricerca per la Floricoltura e le Specie Ornamentali, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy
| | - Cristina Borghi
- CRA—Unità di Ricerca per la Floricoltura e le Specie Ornamentali, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy
| | - Valentina Bobbio
- CRA—Unità di Ricerca per la Floricoltura e le Specie Ornamentali, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy
| | - Andrea Allavena
- CRA—Unità di Ricerca per la Floricoltura e le Specie Ornamentali, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy
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14
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Gao QM, Zhu S, Kachroo P, Kachroo A. Signal regulators of systemic acquired resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:228. [PMID: 25918514 PMCID: PMC4394658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays a vital role in a number of physiological responses, including plant defense. The last two decades have witnessed a number of breakthroughs related to biosynthesis, transport, perception and signaling mediated by SA. These findings demonstrate that SA plays a crictical role in both local and systemic defense responses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one such SA-dependent response. SAR is a long distance signaling mechanism that provides broad spectrum and long-lasting resistance to secondary infections throughout the plant. This unique feature makes SAR a highly desirable trait in crop production. This review summarizes the recent advances in the role of SA in SAR and discusses its relationship to other SAR inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ming Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
- *Correspondence: Aardra Kachroo, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, 201F Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans drive, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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15
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Shimizu M, Fujimoto R, Ying H, Pu ZJ, Ebe Y, Kawanabe T, Saeki N, Taylor JM, Kaji M, Dennis ES, Okazaki K. Identification of candidate genes for Fusarium yellows resistance in Chinese cabbage by differential expression analysis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:247-57. [PMID: 24668026 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans is an important disease of Brassica worldwide. To identify a resistance (R) gene against Fusarium yellows in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), we analyzed differential expression at the whole genome level between resistant and susceptible inbred lines using RNA sequencing. Four hundred and eighteen genes were significantly differentially expressed, and these were enriched for genes involved in response to stress or stimulus. Seven dominant DNA markers at putative R-genes were identified. Presence and absence of the sequence of the putative R-genes, Bra012688 and Bra012689, correlated with the resistance of six inbred lines and susceptibility of four inbred lines, respectively. In F(2) populations derived from crosses between resistant and susceptible inbred lines, presence of Bra012688 and Bra012689 cosegregated with resistance, suggesting that Bra012688 and Bra012689 are good candidates for fusarium yellows resistance in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi-ninocho, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan,
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16
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Lu H, Zhang C, Albrecht U, Shimizu R, Wang G, Bowman KD. Overexpression of a citrus NDR1 ortholog increases disease resistance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:157. [PMID: 23761797 PMCID: PMC3669760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging devastating diseases, such as Huanglongbing (HLB) and citrus canker, have caused tremendous losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Genetic engineering is a powerful approach that could allow us to increase citrus resistance against these diseases. The key to the success of this approach relies on a thorough understanding of defense mechanisms of citrus. Studies of Arabidopsis and other plants have provided a framework for us to better understand defense mechanisms of citrus. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signaling molecule involved in basal defense and resistance (R) gene-mediated defense against broad-spectrum pathogens. The Arabidopsis gene NDR1 (NON-RACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1) is a positive regulator of SA accumulation and is specifically required for signaling mediated by a subset of R genes upon recognition of their cognate pathogen effectors. Our bioinformatic analysis identified an ortholog of NDR1 from citrus, CsNDR1. Overexpression of CsNDR1 complemented susceptibility conferred by the Arabidopsis ndr1-1 mutant to Pseudomonas syringae strains and also led to enhanced resistance to an oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Such heightened resistance is associated with increased SA production and expression of the defense marker gene PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (PR1). In addition, we found that expression of PR1 and accumulation of SA were induced to modest levels in citrus infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacterial pathogen associated with HLB disease. Thus, our data suggest that CsNDR1 is a functional ortholog of Arabidopsis NDR1. Since Ca. L. asiaticus infection only activates modest levels of defense responses in citrus, we propose that genetically increasing SA/NDR1-mediated pathways could potentially lead to enhanced resistance against HLB, citrus canker, and other destructive diseases challenging global citrus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ute Albrecht
- United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureFort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Rena Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanfeng Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim D. Bowman
- United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureFort Pierce, FL, USA
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17
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Lu H, Zhang C, Albrecht U, Shimizu R, Wang G, Bowman KD. Overexpression of a citrus NDR1 ortholog increases disease resistance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:157. [PMID: 23761797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00157.4:157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging devastating diseases, such as Huanglongbing (HLB) and citrus canker, have caused tremendous losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Genetic engineering is a powerful approach that could allow us to increase citrus resistance against these diseases. The key to the success of this approach relies on a thorough understanding of defense mechanisms of citrus. Studies of Arabidopsis and other plants have provided a framework for us to better understand defense mechanisms of citrus. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signaling molecule involved in basal defense and resistance (R) gene-mediated defense against broad-spectrum pathogens. The Arabidopsis gene NDR1 (NON-RACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1) is a positive regulator of SA accumulation and is specifically required for signaling mediated by a subset of R genes upon recognition of their cognate pathogen effectors. Our bioinformatic analysis identified an ortholog of NDR1 from citrus, CsNDR1. Overexpression of CsNDR1 complemented susceptibility conferred by the Arabidopsis ndr1-1 mutant to Pseudomonas syringae strains and also led to enhanced resistance to an oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Such heightened resistance is associated with increased SA production and expression of the defense marker gene PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (PR1). In addition, we found that expression of PR1 and accumulation of SA were induced to modest levels in citrus infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacterial pathogen associated with HLB disease. Thus, our data suggest that CsNDR1 is a functional ortholog of Arabidopsis NDR1. Since Ca. L. asiaticus infection only activates modest levels of defense responses in citrus, we propose that genetically increasing SA/NDR1-mediated pathways could potentially lead to enhanced resistance against HLB, citrus canker, and other destructive diseases challenging global citrus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
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