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Kartikeyan A, Vasudevan V, Peter AJ, Krishnan N, Velmurugan D, Velusamy P, Anbu P, Palani P, Raman P. Effect of incubation period on the glycosylated protein content in germinated and ungerminated seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:633-651. [PMID: 35843398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different incubation periods on the contents of amino acids, proteins, glycosylated proteins and metabolites in germinated and ungerminated mung bean seeds were investigated in this study. The study employs soaking of mung bean seeds in water under laboratory conditions at 28 °C for 3, 6, and 9 h, followed by germination for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Seeds collected from different period of imbibition and germination were subjected to total protein extraction for phytochemical analysis. Germination of the seeds was found to be most successful after 6 h of soaking (rather than 9 h of incubation). Hence, seeds imbibed for 6 h were further investigated for germination at 28 °C for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Total protein was extracted from both imbibed and germinated seeds, followed by trypsin digestion. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based peptide mass fingerprinting revealed 38 proteins in 6 h water-imbibed seeds and 50 proteins in 24 h germinated seeds. Among these, 16 were identified as glycosylated proteins and the maximum number of glycosylated proteins were detected in 6 h water-imbibed seeds and 24 h germinated seeds. Moreover, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify amino acids from the extracted proteins. A total of 15 amino acids were detected, of which eight were essential and the remaining were non-essential; amino acid concentrations increased following 3, 6, and 9 h of imbibition when compared to the control. It was concluded from the study that seeds with 6 h of imbibition and 24 h of germination can be used as potential nutritional source of different amino acids, proteins, glycosylated proteins, and other bioactive metabolites in human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Kartikeyan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinduja Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aakash John Peter
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagasathiya Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Office of the Dean Sponsored Research, Publications and Collaborations, AMET University, Kanathur - 603 112, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chromepet - 600 044, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periasamy Anbu
- Department of Bilogical Enigneering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon - 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Perumal Palani
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025, India
| | - Pachaiappan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Bundhun PK, Yanamala CM, Huang WQ. Comparing Stent Thrombosis associated with Zotarolimus Eluting Stents versus Everolimus Eluting Stents at 1 year follow up: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:84. [PMID: 28302055 PMCID: PMC5356408 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two thousand fifteen has been a winning year for Drug Eluting Stents (DES). Increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has resulted to a high demand for second generation DES. This current analysis aimed to compare the different types of Stent Thrombosis (ST) associated with Zotarolimus Eluting Stents (ZES) versus Everolimus Eluting Stents (EES) at 1 year follow up. Methods Electronic databases were searched for studies comparing ZES with EES. Different types of ST reported at 1 year follow up were considered as the primary endpoints in this analysis. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were used as the statistical parameters and the pooled analyses were carried out by the RevMan 5 · 3 software. Results A total number of 10,512 patients were included in this analysis. No significant difference in any definite ST, acute definite ST, subacute definite ST, and late definite ST were observed between ZES and EES, at 1 year follow up with OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.92 – 3.16; P = 0.09, OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 0.82 – 14.43; P = 0.09, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.43 – 2.95; P = 0.80 and OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 0.83 – 6.85; P = 0.11 respectively. Moreover, any definite or probable ST and definite/probable/possible ST were also not significantly different with OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.89 – 2.17; P = 0.15 and OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.84 – 1.70; P = 0.33 respectively. In addition, any probable ST, acute probable ST, late probable ST and possible ST were also not significantly different at 1 year follow up with OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.60 – 2.05; P = 0.75, OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.12 – 2.40; P = 0.41, OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 0.35 – 7.86; P = 0.52 and OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.64 – 1.82; P = 0.78 respectively. Conclusion At 1 year follow up, ZES were not associated with significantly lower or higher definite and probable ST compared to EES. In addition, no significant difference was observed in acute, subacute and late definite or probable ST. However, further trials are recommended to assess the effects of these second-generation DES during the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Kumar Bundhun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chandra Mouli Yanamala
- Department of Internal Medicine, EALING Hospital, University of Buckingham, Uxbridge road, Southall, UB1 3HW, London, UK
| | - Wei-Qiang Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Iqbal J, Serruys PW, Silber S, Kelbaek H, Richardt G, Morel MA, Negoita M, Buszman PE, Windecker S. Comparison of zotarolimus- and everolimus-eluting coronary stents: final 5-year report of the RESOLUTE all-comers trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 8:e002230. [PMID: 26047993 PMCID: PMC4495878 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.114.002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background— Newer-generation drug-eluting stents that release zotarolimus or everolimus
have been shown to be superior to the first-generation drug-eluting stents.
However, data comparing long-term safety and efficacy of zotarolimus- (ZES)
and everolimus-eluting stents (EES) are limited. RESOLUTE all-comers
(Randomized Comparison of a Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent With an
Everolimus-Eluting Stent for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) trial
compared these 2 stents and has shown that ZES was noninferior to EES at
12-month for the primary end point of target lesion failure. We report the
secondary clinical outcomes at the final 5-year follow-up of this trial. Methods and Results— RESOLUTE all-comer clinical study is a prospective, multicentre, randomized,
2-arm, open-label, noninferiority trial with minimal exclusion criteria.
Patients (n=2292) were randomly assigned to treatment with either ZES
(n=1140) or EES (n=1152). Patient-oriented composite end point (combination
of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and any revascularizations),
device-oriented composite end point (combination of cardiac death, target
vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion
revascularization), and major adverse cardiac events (combination of
all-cause death, all myocardial infarction, emergent coronary bypass
surgery, or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization) were
analyzed at 5-year follow-up. The 2 groups were well-matched at baseline.
Five-year follow-up data were available for 98% patients. There were no
differences in patient-oriented composite end point (ZES 35.3% versus EES
32.0%, P=0.11), device-oriented composite end point (ZES
17.0% versus EES 16.2%, P=0.61), major adverse cardiac
events (ZES 21.9% versus EES 21.6%, P=0.88), and
definite/probable stent thrombosis (ZES 2.8% versus EES 1.8%,
P=0.12). Conclusions— At 5-year follow-up, ZES and EES had similar efficacy and safety in a
population of patients who had minimal exclusion criteria. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:
NCT00617084.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Iqbal
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.).
| | - Sigmund Silber
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Henning Kelbaek
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Gert Richardt
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Marie-Angele Morel
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Manuela Negoita
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Pawel E Buszman
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
| | - Stephan Windecker
- From the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.I., P.W.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK (J.I.); International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (P.W.S.); Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre at the Isar, Munich, Germany (S.S.); Righshospitalet, The Heart Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.K.); Herzzentrum der Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany (G.R.); Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-A.M.); Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA (M.N.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (P.E.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.W.)
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