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Hiratsuka VY, Beans JA, Byars C, Yracheta J, Spicer PG. Use of Cognitive Interviews in the Development of a Survey Assessing American Indian and Alaska Native Adult Perspectives on Genetics and Biological Specimens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1144. [PMID: 39338028 PMCID: PMC11430884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The cognitive interview process is a method to validate a survey instrument's face validity and enhance confidence in item interpretation, as well as a method to engage communities in the research process. Trained American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) interviewers conducted retrospective cognitive interviews at three AIAN communities to assess the item quality of a 131-item survey item that measures AIAN knowledge and attitudes on genetics and biological specimens. A cognitive interview process was used to assess cultural consonance, thought processes used when considering survey instructions, items and responses, and language preference of survey items in the development of a survey to assess public knowledge and attitudes on genetics. Content analysis was used to analyze interview data. Survey instructions, items and scales generated no cognitive difficulties. The participants noted being unfamiliar with terminology used to describe genetic and biological specimens. In several cases, the participants' written response in the survey and verbal response in the interview did not align. A resultant 52-item survey for use in AIAN communities was finalized. Cognitive interviewing is resource-intensive; however, ignoring community engagement during survey development results in inappropriate interpretations about culturally diverse populations such as AIAN peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul G. Spicer
- Center for Applied Social Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA;
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Yan J, Zheng Y, Yuan P, Wang S, Han S, Yin J, Peng B, Li Z, Sun Y, He X, Liu W. Novel Host Protein TBC1D16, a GTPase Activating Protein of Rab5C, Inhibits Prototype Foamy Virus Replication. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658660. [PMID: 34367131 PMCID: PMC8339588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is a member of the oldest family of retroviruses and maintains lifelong latent infection in the host. The lifelong latent infection of PFV may be maintained by the restriction factors of viral replication in the host. However, the mechanisms involved in PFV latent infection are poorly understood. Here, we found that TBC1D16, a TBC domain-containing protein, is significantly down-regulated after PFV infection. Tre2/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC) domain-containing proteins function as Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and are participates in the progression of some diseases and many signaling pathways. However, whether TBC proteins are involved in PFV replication has not been determined. Here, we found that TBC1D16 is a novel antiviral protein that targets Rab5C to suppress PFV replication. Overexpression TBC1D16 inhibited the transcription and expression of Tas and Gag, and silencing TBC1D16 enhanced the PFV replication. Moreover, the highly conserved amino acid residues R494 and Q531 in the TBC domain of TBC1D16 were essential for inhibiting PFV replication. We also found that TBC1D16 promoted the production of PFV-induced IFN-β and the transcription of downstream genes. These results suggest that TBC1D16 might be the first identified TBC proteins that inhibited PFV replication and the mechanism by which TBC1D16 inhibited PFV replication could provide new insights for PFV latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingcheng Zheng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, China
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Kanellakis S, Mavrogianni C, Karatzi K, Lindstrom J, Cardon G, Iotova V, Wikström K, Shadid S, Moreno LA, Tsochev K, Bíró É, Dimova R, Antal E, Liatis S, Makrilakis K, Manios Y. Development and Validation of Two Self-Reported Tools for Insulin Resistance and Hypertension Risk Assessment in A European Cohort: The Feel4Diabetes-Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040960. [PMID: 32235566 PMCID: PMC7230581 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) risk may improve prevention and promote public health. Implementation of self-reported scores for risk assessment provides an alternative cost-effective tool. The study aimed to develop and validate two easy-to-apply screening tools identifying high-risk individuals for insulin resistance (IR) and HTN in a European cohort. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and clinical data obtained from 1581 and 1350 adults (baseline data from the Feel4Diabetes-study) were used for the European IR and the European HTN risk assessment index respectively. Body mass index, waist circumference, sex, age, breakfast consumption, alcohol, legumes and sugary drinks intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior were significantly correlated with Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and/or HTN and incorporated in the two models. For the IR index, the Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for identifying individuals above the 75th and 95th of HOMA-IR percentiles were 0.768 (95%CI: 0.721-0.815), 0.720 and 0.691 and 0.828 (95%CI: 0.766-0.890), 0.696 and 0.778 respectively. For the HTN index, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.778 (95%CI: 0.680-0.876), 0.667 and 0.797. The developed risk assessment tools are easy-to-apply, valid, and low-cost, identifying European adults at high risk for developing T2DM or having HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Kanellakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (C.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (C.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (C.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Jaana Lindstrom
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (J.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (V.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Katja Wikström
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (J.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Samyah Shadid
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (V.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Éva Bíró
- Division of Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Rumyana Dimova
- Department of Diabetology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Stavros Liatis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (C.M.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-954-9156
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Arbour L, Asuri S, Whittome B, Polanco F, Hegele RA. The Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease in Canadian and International Aboriginal Populations. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1094-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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