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Gupta S, Aitken JF, Bartels U, Brierley J, Dolendo M, Friedrich P, Fuentes-Alabi S, Garrido CP, Gatta G, Gospodarowicz M, Gross T, Howard SC, Molyneux E, Moreno F, Pole JD, Pritchard-Jones K, Ramirez O, Ries LAG, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Shin HY, Steliarova-Foucher E, Sung L, Supriyadi E, Swaminathan R, Torode J, Vora T, Kutluk T, Frazier AL. Paediatric cancer stage in population-based cancer registries: the Toronto consensus principles and guidelines. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:e163-e172. [PMID: 27300676 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Population-based cancer registries generate estimates of incidence and survival that are essential for cancer surveillance, research, and control strategies. Although data on cancer stage allow meaningful assessments of changes in cancer incidence and outcomes, stage is not recorded by most population-based cancer registries. The main method of staging adult cancers is the TNM classification. The criteria for staging paediatric cancers, however, vary by diagnosis, have evolved over time, and sometimes vary by cooperative trial group. Consistency in the collection of staging data has therefore been challenging for population-based cancer registries. We assembled key experts and stakeholders (oncologists, cancer registrars, epidemiologists) and used a modified Delphi approach to establish principles for paediatric cancer stage collection. In this Review, we make recommendations on which staging systems should be adopted by population-based cancer registries for the major childhood cancers, including adaptations for low-income countries. Wide adoption of these guidelines in registries will ease international comparative incidence and outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ute Bartels
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Brierley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mae Dolendo
- Southern Philippines Medical Center, Bajada, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Paola Friedrich
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gemma Gatta
- Evaluative Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mary Gospodarowicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Gross
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Florencia Moreno
- Argentinian Oncopediatric Registry (ROHA), National Cancer Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jason D Pole
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Oscar Ramirez
- Registro Poblacional de Cancer de Cali, Universidad del Valle, Oficina, Cali, Valle, Colombia
| | - Lynn A G Ries
- SEER Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hee Young Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eva Steliarova-Foucher
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eddy Supriyadi
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Julie Torode
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tushar Vora
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Tezer Kutluk
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Gupta S, Sutradhar R, Guttmann A, Sung L, Pole JD. Socioeconomic status and event free survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a population-based cohort study. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1407-12. [PMID: 25224660 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of socioeconomic status (SES) upon childhood cancer outcomes has not been extensively examined. Our objective was to determine the association between SES and event-free survival (EFS) among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed in Ontario, Canada from 1995-2011 (N=1541) using Cox proportional hazards. Neither neighborhood-level median income quintile, distance from tertiary center, or rural residence significantly predicted EFS in the context of a universal healthcare system. Immigrant children experienced significantly superior EFS; confounding by ethnicity could not be ruled out. Confirmatory studies using additional individual-level SES variables are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8.
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, G1 06, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 6th floor, 155 College Street, Toronto, Canada M5T 3M7
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, G1 06, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5; Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Suite 425, 155 College Street, Toronto, Canada M5T 3M6
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Suite 425, 155 College Street, Toronto, Canada M5T 3M6
| | - Jason D Pole
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Suite 1014, 480 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada M5G 1V2
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