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Li Q, Gu J, Huang J, Zhao P, Luo C. "They see me as mentally ill": the stigmatization experiences of Chinese menopausal women in the family. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37076835 PMCID: PMC10116657 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopausal women are regarded as "abnormal people" in China and are often discriminated against and ostracized, especially in the privacy of their homes. However, research on the stigmatization of menopausal women in China is limited. The aim of this study is to explore and describe the stigmatization experiences of Chinese menopausal women in the family and their feelings about these experiences. METHODS A phenomenological qualitative research design involving in-depth semi-structured interviews was selected. Our data analysis adopted Colaizzi's methodology. RESULTS Fourteen menopausal women participated in this study. Four themes and 12 subthemes emerged: (1) violent treatment (verbal and physical violence); (2) lack of attention and companionship (lack of understanding of physical and psychological suffering, neglect of the value of labour and difficulty finding someone to talk to and accompany them); (3) coping struggles (keeping quiet, fighting back, changing inappropriate perceptions and developing a menopausal transition management plan); and (4) despair (deep-rooted perceptions, restrictions on travel and consumption, and unknown "healing" times). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Chinese menopausal women suffer physically and mentally within their families. The stigma of menopause is both a symptom of the broad societal lack of knowledge regarding menopause and a reflection of the patriarchal oppression of women in a specific cultural context. Accordingly, this study can help menopausal women and society in general better understand the former's stigmatization experiences and amplify their inner voices. Moreover, it can serve as a reference for the formulation of menopause-related health policies in China and for advocating and promoting humanistic care for menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jintu Gu
- Department of Sociology, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
- Research Center for Environment and Society, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development, Jiangsu Research Base, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianyuan Huang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Chenliang Luo
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Tax Bureau, State Taxation Administration, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Asad N, Somani R, Peerwani N, Pirani S, Zuberi N, Andrades M, Karmaliani R. "I am not the person I used to be": Perceptions and experiences of menopausal women living in Karachi, Pakistan. Post Reprod Health 2021; 27:199-207. [PMID: 34806468 DOI: 10.1177/20533691211060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of menopausal women living in Karachi, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN Using qualitative exploratory design, in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven women, aged 35-55 years. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews using semi structured interview guide. Creswell frame work for content analysis was used to analyze the data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perceptions and experiences of menopause women living in Karachi, Pakistan. RESULTS Women described positive and negative experiences of menopause, though predominantly negative intensified by mental distress, lack of support from intimate partner, and misperceptions about menopause. A majority of the women emphasized the need for educating their husbands regarding menopausal changes. In clinical practices, health care professionals should screen the women for menopause challenges when they visit health care facilities and offer education regarding self-care and management to achieve better quality of life and positive coping. CONCLUSIONS We conducted a preliminary study on women's perceptions and experiences of menopause in the context of Pakistan. Our study offers significant findings from an Asian cultural perspective, in which norms are predominantly patriarchal and male dominated. The study provides useful guidelines for health care providers to better address health care needs of menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, 9615Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Somani
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nausheen Peerwani
- Department of extended Education, 8664University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shahina Pirani
- Department of Psychiatry, 9615Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Zuberi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9615Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marie Andrades
- Department of Family Medicine, 9615Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Karmaliani
- Dean School of Nursing and Midwifery, 9615Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Knowledge and attitudes associated with menopause among women aged 45 to 60 years: a pilot study among rural and urban women in Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:648-657. [PMID: 32217893 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge and attitudes associated with the menopause transition among women in Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women (age range 45-60 y), 160 participants were selected from both urban and rural settings using a systematic sampling procedure. We used face-to-face interview techniques employing a semistructured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were done to assess the associated factors. RESULTS Around one-fourth (23%) of the participants did not have a basic understanding about symptoms of menopause. Knowledge about menopause increased proportionately with higher education levels (primary education, risk ratio [RR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-22.92; secondary education, RR = 6.10, 95% CI = 1.26-29.41; higher education, RR = 6.74, 95% CI = 1.33-34) and was more common among urban than rural women (P = 0.001). In addition, women who were service holders had greater knowledge about menopause compared with women who worked in the home (RR = 8.67, 95% CI = 1.94-38.58). Most of the women (96%) suffered from different kinds of depression during the menopause transition. Key barriers to gaining knowledge about menopause included access to information (63%), social stigma (57%), and shame (52%). CONCLUSIONS Menopause is a neglected issue in Bangladesh. Accurate and appropriate information regarding premenopause and menopause can help women cope with this life transition. Social and familial support may also play a role in minimizing isolation and depression. Public health messaging to increase awareness and knowledge about menopause should be undertaken to overcome the stigma and shame associated with menopause in Bangladesh. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A556.
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Zou P, Shao J, Luo Y, Thayaparan A, Zhang H, Alam A, Liu L, Sidani S. Facilitators and Barriers to Healthy Midlife Transition among South Asian Immigrant Women in Canada: A Qualitative Exploration. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020182. [PMID: 33572148 PMCID: PMC7914553 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: South Asian immigrant women make up the largest visible minority in Canada, where visible minorities include persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour, and approximately half of these women are above the age of 35. Few studies have investigated the factors that impact the midlife transition for these women. This study aims to identify the facilitators and barriers experienced by South Asian immigrant women during the midlife transition. Methods: Two focus groups and ten one-on-one interviews about the midlife transition were held with South Asian first-generation immigrant women in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada; discussions were analyzed thematically. Findings: Personal facilitators to the midlife transition included being employed and possessing adequate life skills. Personal barriers consisted of financial strain, overwhelming demands, and limited life skills. Familial facilitators were stable financial status and support. Familial barriers included limited understanding and support and high expectations. Community facilitators included a close social circle and adequate healthcare. Community barriers were limited social support and cultural expectations. Fair and respectful societies were a facilitator, whereas inadequate policy support and acculturative stress were societal barriers. An environmental barrier was the colder Canadian climate. Discussion: Employment and education programs for South Asian immigrant women need to be prioritized to help them integrate into society. Family-centred assessment and education can improve familial support. Communities need to foster peer support groups and culturally sensitive healthcare. Social and employment policies should accommodate the midlife transition. Conclusions: South Asian immigrant women experience unique facilitators and barriers to their midlife transition that should be considered by healthcare providers, policymakers and society to support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zou
- School of Nursing, Nipissing University, Toronto, ON M6J 3S3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +416-642-7003
| | - Jing Shao
- Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yan Luo
- Faculty of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Aarabi Thayaparan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China;
| | - Arzoo Alam
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada;
| | - Lichun Liu
- Centre for Women’s Studies in Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada;
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2E7, Canada;
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Ilankoon IMPS, Samarasinghe K, Elgán C. Menopause is a natural stage of aging: a qualitative study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:47. [PMID: 33522914 PMCID: PMC7849153 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Menopause is a biopsychosocial phenomenon encompassing the transition in a woman’s life from being fertile to infertile. Although menopause may result in extremely unpleasant physical symptoms there is evidence of a low rate of reported menopausal symptoms amongst women in Asian cultures. Women’s experiences, views, and responses to menopause which influences women’s daily life and well-being, may vary between different societies and cultures. This study aimed to explore and describe menopausal experiences among women in Sri Lanka. Methods A qualitative exploratory research was conducted among postmenopausal women of 46–55 years of age in the western province of Sri Lanka. Individual interviews with a purposive sample of 20 women were conducted, and data analysis was done using manifest and latent content analysis. Results The results consist of an overall theme, “Menopause is a natural stage of aging” and three categories “Entering a new stage”, “Managing menopause” and “Not the end of life” which emerged from 34 codes. The overall theme highlights that changes in menopause were experienced as a natural change in life, with health problems that are normal for this change and handled with different self-care practices. The category “Entering a new stage” describes the women becoming aware of menopause and its bodily changes. The category “Managing menopause” describes women’s experiences of being able to find their own remedies to ease the menopausal symptoms and by engaging in religious activities and focusing on interaction with people. The category, “Not the end of life” describes women's views of themselves as still valuable because menopause was experienced as a natural part of their lives. Conclusion Women in Sri Lanka managed menopausal problem mainly on their own as they viewed the menopause as a natural stage of aging risking unnecessary suffering and failure to detect preventable complications. Enabling support groups for menopausal women and improving on their health-seeking behaviour by encouraging them to take part in screening for cervical and breast cancer would improve their condition. Further information on additional hormone therapy with a, subsequent follow-up and evaluation by community health nurses and/or midwives, would facilitate Sri Lankan women's transition to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M P S Ilankoon
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - K Samarasinghe
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - C Elgán
- Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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NAZİK E, ARSLAN S, KARAÇAY YIKAR S, NAZİK H, ÖZDEMİR F, EJDER APAY S. MENOPOZAL SEMPTOMLAR VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: TÜRK KADINLARI ÖRNEĞİ. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.811145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Herbert D, Bell RJ, Young K, Brown H, Coles JY, Davis SR. Australian women’s understanding of menopause and its consequences: a qualitative study. Climacteric 2020; 23:622-628. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1791072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Herbert
- Women’s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R. J. Bell
- Women’s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. Young
- Women’s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H. Brown
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J. Y. Coles
- Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S. R. Davis
- Women’s Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Yazdkhasti M, Negarandeh R, Behboodi Moghadam Z. An empowerment model of Iranian women for the management of menopause: a grounded theory study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 14:1665958. [PMID: 31589094 PMCID: PMC6792047 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2019.1665958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is still no clear portrayal of women's empowerment in managing menopause. The present study was conducted to design a model for the empowerment of Iranian women in managing menopause. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory on 40-60-year-old women who were first selected through purposive sampling and then by theoretical sampling from November 2013 to July 2016. Data were collected using 33 in-depth, semi-structured, individual interviews with 30 participants. Data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin(2008) approach and organized in MAXQDA-10. Results: The analysis of the data led to the emergence of "active coping with menopause" as the core variable with four themes. The two themes "threat to feminine identity" and "latent opportunity" explained the context of the study, and "redefining the feminine identity" and "self-retrieval" explained its process. Conclusion: In our social context, the phenomenon of menopause is a coin with two sides and its experience leans more on the threat to feminine identity and less on latent opportunity. The model of postmenopausal women's empowerment for managing menopause might offer health policy-makers a realistic and divergent understanding of the challenges of empowering women by explaining key concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Yazdkhasti
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Bagheri S, Moradi G, Hamidi S, Saeedi S, Hosaini A, Yousefi J. Self-Concept in Postmenopausal Women: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jech.6.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Ong DSP, Chua MT, Shorey S. Experiences and Needs of Perimenopausal Women With Climacteric Symptoms in Singapore: A Qualitative Study. J Transcult Nurs 2019; 31:369-377. [PMID: 31434542 DOI: 10.1177/1043659619870569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Women in the perimenopause stage may face climacteric symptoms where physical and mental challenges are experienced. The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of the experiences and needs of perimenopausal women with climacteric symptoms in Singapore. Method: This is a descriptive qualitative study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 perimenopausal women with climacteric symptoms from a tertiary public hospital in Singapore. Semistructured face-to-face interviews and thematic analysis were used for data collection and analysis, respectively. Results: Participants lacked knowledge resulting in misconceptions of the condition. Experiencing climacteric symptoms led to mixed feelings. The availability of support varied in different sources and forms. Participants seek for more information, understanding, compassion, and empathy from family members and health care professionals. Discussion: Health care professionals should provide adequate support to cater to the diverse experiences and needs of multiracial perimenopausal women with climacteric symptoms. Future research should include the perspectives of health care professionals and family members.
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Natari RB, McGuire TM, Baker PJ, Clavarino AM, Dingle KD, Hollingworth SA. Longitudinal impact of the Women’s Health Initiative study on hormone therapy use in Australia. Climacteric 2019; 22:489-497. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1593357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Natari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Jambi Regional Psychiatric Hospital, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - T. M. McGuire
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Mater Pharmacy Services, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - P. J. Baker
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - A. M. Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - K. D. Dingle
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - S. A. Hollingworth
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Shorey S, Ng ED. The experiences and needs of Asian women experiencing menopausal symptoms: a meta-synthesis. Menopause 2018; 26:557-569. [PMID: 30562319 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the experiences and needs of Asian women who were experiencing or had experienced menopause and to determine possible differences in experiences due to acculturation by comparing Asian women living in Asia and those living in Western countries. METHODS Six electronic databases were systematically searched: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and ProQuest. The search resulted in 17 qualitative studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist. All 17 studies were analyzed using meta-summaries and, then, using meta-synthesis. RESULTS Five themes were identified from the 17 included studies (United States, n = 5; Asia, n = 12): (1) perceptions and attitudes toward menopause (n = 14), (2) physical and emotional experiences during menopause (n = 16), (3) changes in life and relationships (n = 11), (4) needs and coping strategies (n = 13), and (5) unique Asian experiences in Western societies (n = 5). Asian women generally had neutral or positive attitudes toward menopause, but their negative physical, emotional, and psychosocial experiences highlighted their unmet needs and unpreparedness for this phase of life. Diverse self-management strategies were adopted, but there was a high demand for more trustworthy informational resources. Asian women in Western societies were not highly acculturated and retained traditional practices. CONCLUSIONS Although cultural influences serve as a protective factor against menopausal symptoms, the traditional and conservative nature of the Asian society poses as a help-seeking barrier. Therefore, to ensure the healthy well-being of postmenopausal women, the implementation of culturally appropriate mitigation and management strategies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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The effects of menopausal health training for spouses on women's quality of life during menopause transitional period. Menopause 2016; 23:183-8. [PMID: 26783984 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spouses' support during menopausal transition has an important role for improving the quality of life in postmenopausal women. Since the first step in providing support is having adequate knowledge, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an educational program on menopause health for spouses on women's quality of life during the menopausal transition. METHODS This clinical trial was conducted in Yazd, Iran. A hundred healthy women aged 45 to 60 years were recruited by random sampling. The spouses in the intervention group (n = 50) attended three training sessions about the management and health of menopausal transition. The spouses in the control group (n = 50) did not receive any intervention. Knowledge and performance about menopausal health were assessed in all spouses before and 3 months after intervention. All women were assessed by the Menopause Rating Scale, and the Menopause Quality of Life questionnaire before and 3 months after educational intervention. Analyses were carried out using SPSS 16 software. The level of significance was set at P less than 0.05. RESULTS The knowledge and performance of spouses in the intervention group were significantly higher 3 months after intervention (P < 0.0001). The quality of life in women in the intervention group was higher 3 months after intervention (P < 0.0001). The mean scores of psychological and physical domains were significantly lower in the intervention group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The training of menopausal health for spouses improves the quality of life in women during menopausal transition. We suggest integrating such educational programs in menopausal management programs.
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Hakimi S, Simbar M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Zaiery F, Khatami S. Women's perspectives toward menopause: A phenomenological study in Iran. J Women Aging 2016; 28:80-9. [PMID: 26735699 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2014.954502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the attitude and feelings toward menopause among Azeri menopausal women using hermeneutic phenomenology based on Van Manen's approach. A total of 18 menopausal women who were attended in urban health centers of Tabriz, Iran, were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Data were gathered through semistructured interviews. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and analyzed simultaneously. Data analysis led to the emergence of five main themes: positive attitude, neutral attitude, negative attitude, positive feelings, and negative feelings. Participants had different feelings and attitude. Acceptance of menopause as a natural process helps women to have a neutral attitude toward menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Hakimi
- a Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Simbar
- b The Research Center for Safe Motherhood, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- c Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farid Zaiery
- d Department of Biostatistics , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shiva Khatami
- e Department of Education , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado, USA
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Hoga L, Rodolpho J, Gonçalves B, Quirino B. Womenʼs experience of menopause: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.11124/01938924-201513080-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sharifi K, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M, Kazemnejad A. Barriers to Middle-Aged Women's Mental Health: A Qualitative Study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e18882. [PMID: 25068059 PMCID: PMC4102992 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.18882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle-aged women encounter some barriers to their mental health, putting them at great risk for developing mental disorders. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore barriers to middle-aged women's mental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a qualitative content analysis study conducted in 2013 in Kashan, Iran. A purposive, maximum variation sample of 23 middle-aged women was recruited to the study. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured individual interviews. We employed the conventional qualitative content analysis approach for data analysis. RESULTS Barriers to middle-aged women's mental health fell into two main themes including 'increased life concerns' and 'physical and psychological tensions'. The two sub-categories of the first theme included having mental concerns and increased burden of roles. The second main theme also consisted of two categories including perceived undesirable physical changes and perceived undesirable psychological changes. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of middle-aged women showed that culturally appropriate interventions to alleviate the concerns of life, physical and mental stress is essential to preserve stability of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Sharifi
- Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Monireh Anoosheh
- Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Monireh Anoosheh, Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-218288359, Fax: +98-2182883856, E-mail:
| | - Mahshid Foroughan
- Department of Gerontology, Aging Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Mackey S, Teo SSH, Dramusic V, Lee HK, Boughton M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated With Menopause: A Multi-ethnic, Qualitative Study in Singapore. Health Care Women Int 2013; 35:512-28. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2013.801482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Delanoë D, Hajri S, Bachelot A, Mahfoudh Draoui D, Hassoun D, Marsicano E, Ringa V. Class, gender and culture in the experience of menopause. A comparative survey in Tunisia and France. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75:401-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alidoosti K, Abbaszadeh A, Hosseininasab A. Qualitative inquiry into women's menopause experiences in southeastern Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:28-9. [PMID: 22302776 DOI: 10.1258/mi.2011.011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is defined as amenorrhea for one year. Signs and symptoms are categorized as physical and psychological changes, including depression, hot flushes and ageing. Woman's responses to menopause are governed by lifestyle factors. The purpose of this study was to determine how Iranian women experience menopause and hormone therapy. A qualitative inquiry was conducted through semistructured, in-depth interviews to explore study questions in 11 menopausal women. Participants had positive and negative menopause experiences. Negative menopause experiences are due to severity of symptoms. Menopause can be facilitated by increasing women's knowledge about this phase and ways to cope with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Alidoosti
- Midwifery and Nursing College, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Doubova SV, Infante-Castañeda C, Martinez-Vega I, Pérez-Cuevas R. Toward healthy aging through empowering self-care during the climacteric stage. Climacteric 2011; 15:563-72. [PMID: 22206414 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2011.635824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While they progress through the climacteric stage, women often develop physical and psychological health needs, calling for innovative health-care services that can be translated into preventive programs and empowerment towards self-care. OBJECTIVE To identify the changes in women's discourse regarding their concerns and needs about the climacteric stage and self-care after they had participated in an integrative women-centered health-care model with empowerment for self-care. METHODS Women's narratives during counseling group sessions were analyzed using qualitative inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 121 women between 45 and 59 years of age participated. At the beginning of the counseling group sessions, we identified the following themes: (1) Lack of information about changes during the climacteric stage and self-care; (2) Tradition: the climacteric stage as a taboo subject; (3) Life's changes and transitions: the complexity of the climacteric experience; (4) Stigma of menopause; (5) Relationship between the traditional gender role and the lack of self-care. At the end of the counseling group sessions, the themes were: (1) The climacteric as a natural stage; (2) Expectations for old age; (3) Empowerment and the change of awareness for self-care; (3) De-medicalization of the climacteric; (4) The richness of group work; (5) Empowerment as motivation to convey acquired knowledge. CONCLUSION Women in the climacteric stage require more information about their physical, psychological and social needs, as well as the potential impact on their health during old age. Empowerment during the climacteric can contribute to improving the perception about this stage as well as the importance of self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Doubova
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, CMN Siglo XXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
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Tao M, Teng Y, Shao H, Wu P, Mills EJ. Knowledge, perceptions and information about hormone therapy (HT) among menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24661. [PMID: 21949743 PMCID: PMC3174976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of hormone therapy (HT) by menopausal women has declined since the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial (WHI) in 2002 demonstrated important harms associated with long-term use. However, how this information has influenced women's knowledge and attitudes is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the attitudes and perceptions towards HT use, as well as specific concerns and information sources on HT since the WHI trial. Method/Results We did a systematic review to assess the attitudes and knowledge towards HT in women, and estimate the magnitude of the issue by pooling across the studies. Using meta-synthesis methods, we reviewed qualitative studies and surveys and performed content analysis on the study reports. We pooled quantitative studies using a random-effects meta-analysis. We analyzed 11 qualitative studies (n = 566) and 27 quantitative studies (n = 39251). Positive views on HT included climacteric symptom control, prevention of osteoporosis and a perceived improvement in quality of life. Negative factors reported included concerns about potential harmful effects, particularly cancer risks. Sources of information included health providers, media, and social contact. By applying a meta-synthesis approach we demonstrate that these findings are broadly applicable across large groups of patients. Conclusions Although there are clear hazards associated with long-term HT use, many women view HT favorably for climacteric symptom relief. Media, as a source of information, is often valued as equivalent to health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinFang Tao
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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