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Linani A, Benarous K, Bou-Salah L, Yousfi M. The inhibitory kinetics of vitamins B9, C, E, and D3 on bovine xanthine oxidase: Gout treatment. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 359:109922. [PMID: 35395231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-consumption of foods high in purines like seafood, red meat, and alcoholic beverages leads to hyperuricemia causing gout attacks. Xanthine oxidase was reported responsible for the overproduction of uric acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS We intend to test in silico and in vitro, the inhibition effect of four vitamins against bovine milk xanthine oxidase (BXO). We performed Molecular docking with GOLD v4.0, and the biological activity prediction with the PASS server. The best-selected vitamins were chosen based on their best PLPchem score. The BXO constant Km and Vmax were determined in vitro, and then the vitamins were tested for their inhibition effect to BXO. Furthermore, the inhibition constant Ki of each inhibitor were determined using Dixon method, the vitamins chosen were vitamin E, vitamin B9, vitamin D3, and vitamin C. RESULTS The in silico results show that the tested vitamins were the best inhibitors model with PLPchem scores up to 70 comparing to the control. The in vitro results show that BXO have a Km value of 163.55 μM with Vmax of 37 U, vitamins B9, E, C, and D3 were potent inhibitors to BXO with an IC50 of 34.10 ± 0.21, 36.68 ± 1.50, 39.01 ± 0.02, and 100.28 ± 0.33 μM, respectively comparing to the control (32.03 ± 0.73 μM). The kinetic study shows that all tested vitamins were Non-competitive inhibitors, the Ki values were 15 ± 1.76 μM, 29 ± 1.06 μM, 12 ± 1.41 μM, and 20 ± 0.71 μM, for respectively vitamins B9, E, C, and D3. CONCLUSION The obtained results promise an excellent strategy using vitamins to enhance immunity, treat hyperuricemia, and minimize the usual drug side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderahmane Linani
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Ghardaïa Road BP37G (03000), Laghouat, Algeria.
| | - Khedidja Benarous
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Ghardaïa Road BP37G (03000), Laghouat, Algeria; Biology Department, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Leila Bou-Salah
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Ghardaïa Road BP37G (03000), Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Ghardaïa Road BP37G (03000), Laghouat, Algeria
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Goon DE, Ab-Rahim S, Mohd Sakri AH, Mazlan M, Tan JK, Abdul Aziz M, Mohd Noor N, Ibrahim E, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH. Untargeted serum metabolites profiling in high-fat diet mice supplemented with enhanced palm tocotrienol-rich fraction using UHPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21001. [PMID: 34697380 PMCID: PMC8546078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive high fat dietary intake promotes risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and predisposed with oxidative stress. Palm based tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been reported able to ameliorate oxidative stress but exhibited poor bioavailability. Thus, we investigated whether an enhanced formulation of TRF in combination with palm kernel oil (medium-chain triglycerides) (ETRF) could ameliorate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on leptin-deficient male mice. All the animals were divided into HFD only (HFD group), HFD supplemented with ETRF (ETRF group) and HFD supplemented with TRF (TRF group) and HFD supplemented with PKO (PKO group). After 6 weeks, sera were collected for untargeted metabolite profiling using UHPLC-Orbitrap MS. Univariate analysis unveiled alternation in metabolites for bile acids, amino acids, fatty acids, sphingolipids, and alkaloids. Bile acids, lysine, arachidonic acid, and sphingolipids were downregulated while xanthine and hypoxanthine were upregulated in TRF and ETRF group. The regulation of these metabolites suggests that ETRF may promote better fatty acid oxidation, reduce oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory metabolites and acts as anti-inflammatory in fatty liver compared to TRF. Metabolites regulated by ETRF also provide insight of its role in fatty liver. However, further investigation is warranted to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Efendy Goon
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Amir Hakimi Mohd Sakri
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norizal Mohd Noor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Effendi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhang L, Shi X, Yu J, Zhang P, Ma P, Sun Y. Dietary Vitamin E Intake Was Inversely Associated with Hyperuricemia in US Adults: NHANES 2009-2014. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020; 76:354-360. [PMID: 32957105 DOI: 10.1159/000509628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and hyperuricemia risk is limited and conflicting. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the association of dietary vitamin E intake with hyperuricemia in US adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2014. Dietary vitamin E intake was evaluated through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the association between dietary vitamin E intake and hyperuricemia. RESULTS Overall, 12,869 participants were included. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 19.35%. After adjustment for age, gender, BMI, race, educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total daily energy intake, total cholesterol, protein intake, glomerular filtration rate, serum Cr, use of uric acid drugs, and drug abuse, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hyperuricemia for the highest tertile of dietary vitamin E intake was 0.77 (0.63-0.96) compared with that of the lowest tertile. In men, dietary vitamin E intake and hyperuricemia were negatively correlated. In stratified analyses by age (20-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years), dietary vitamin E intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia only among participants aged ≥60 years. Dose-response analyses showed that dietary vitamin E intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia in a nonlinear manner. CONCLUSION Dietary vitamin E intake was negatively correlated with hyperuricemia in US adults, especially among males and participants aged ≥60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Microorganism Test, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinran Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongye Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
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Wong SK, Kamisah Y, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Masbah N, Mohd Fahami NA, Mohamed IN, Shuid AN, Mohd Saad Q, Abdullah A, Mohamad NV, Ibrahim NI, Pang KL, Chow YY, Thong BKS, Subramaniam S, Chan CY, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2020; 12:E259. [PMID: 31963885 PMCID: PMC7019837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.K.W.); (Y.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.A.M.F.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.S.); (Q.M.S.); (A.A.); (N.-V.M.); (N.I.I.); (K.-L.P.); (Y.Y.C.); (B.K.S.T.); (S.S.); (C.Y.C.); (S.I.-N.)
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Chiba T, Maeda T, Fujita Y, Takeda R, Kikuchi A, Kudo K. Stress-Induced Suppression of Milk Protein Is Involved in a Noradrenergic Mechanism in the Mammary Gland. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2074-2084. [PMID: 31150047 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stress decreases milk components such as milk protein and milk yield. The objective of this study was to investigate whether noradrenaline (NA) in milk constituted a factor associated with stress-induced changes in milk proteins such as β-casein. Breast milk obtained from eight healthy, nursing women contained NA at concentrations ranging from 12.7 to 115.5 nM. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme of NA synthesis, was observed in primary normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), and in MCF-12A and MCF-10A cell lines. The mean NA concentration in culture medium used by MCF-12A transfected with TH small interfering RNA (siRNA) was significantly lower than that of cells transfected with control siRNA. NA concentration in milk in restraint-stressed nursing mice was significantly higher than that in nonstressed nursing mice, owing to elevated TH expression in the mammary epithelium. The mean β-casein concentration in milk in restraint-stressed mice was significantly lower than that in nonstressed mice. NA treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in β-casein expression in HMECs. β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) expression was observed in HMECs, MCF-12A, and MCF-10A, and immunohistochemical analysis of ADRB2 using mammary epithelium sections obtained from mice at day 10 of lactation showed that ADRB2 was expressed at the apical membrane of mammary epithelium. Treatment with salbutamol, an ADRB2 stimulant, decreased β-casein expression in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF-12A. Our results showed that endogenous NA derived from mammary epithelial cells likely comprises one of the factors involved in stress-induced changes in milk proteins such as β-casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chiba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoji Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Division of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Rika Takeda
- Department of Nursing, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Iwate, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenzo Kudo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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Song SY, Song SH, Bae MS, Cho SS. Phytochemical Constituents and the Evaluation Biological Effect of Cinnamomum yabunikkei H.Ohba Leaf. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010081. [PMID: 30591631 PMCID: PMC6337408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum yabunikkei H.Ohba leaf is known as a traditional medicinal material in Korea. However, no scientific identification of the components or efficacy of C.yabunikkei H.Ohba leaf has been reported. In the present study, we prepared various solvent extracts of C.yabunikkei H.Ohba leaf to understand its basic properties and evaluated the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and elastase inhibitory activities of hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water extracts for the first time. The antioxidant properties were evaluated based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and total phenolic contents. The hot water extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents, and the reducing power was the highest in the water extract. The hexane extract showed an excellent elastase inhibitory effect compared to control (phosphoramidone) and the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. These results present basic information for the possible uses of the hot water and hexane extracts from C. yabunikkei leaf for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative imbalance. In the present study, individual extracts exhibited different effects. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the applicability of C. yabunikkei will depend on the extraction method and nature of the extract. The hot water and hexane extracts could be used as antioxidants, and as anti-gout and anti-wrinkle materials respectively. Several biologically active substances present in hexane extract of C. yabunikkei have been analyzed by GCMS and demonstrated to possess antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the chemical profiling and biological effects of various C. yabunikkei leaf extracts, suggesting their potential use in food therapy, cosmetics or alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yub Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
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β-eudesmol, an oxygenized sesquiterpene, affects efferent adrenal sympathetic nerve activity via transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antiulcer Effect of Honey in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Induced Gastric Ulcer Model in Rats: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7515692. [PMID: 30105063 PMCID: PMC6076929 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7515692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Peptic ulcer is a basic term for ulcers on the lower oesophagus, stomach, or jejunum. The specific term for ulcer in the stomach is gastric ulcer. The extensive use of honey around the globe helps researchers to study the usefulness of honey. Many studies had already been conducted and proved the effectiveness of honey in treating gastric ulcer. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on honey used as an alternative treatment of gastric ulcer cause by NSAIDs. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, SCOPUS, and Ebscohost. The main criteria used were articles published in English and using NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer in rat's model and those reporting the effectiveness of honey. Results Articles published between 2001 and 2014 were identified to be relevant in studies related to the inclusion criteria. The literature search found 30 potential and closely related articles in this review, but only 5 articles were taken which meet the criteria needed to be fulfilled. Conclusions All studies in this review reported the efficacy of honey for gastric ulcer based on its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Most of the studies conducted used different types of honey at various doses on rats. Future studies should be conducted to identify the appropriate dose for humans to achieve similar gastroprotective effects.
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Li S, Wang Z, Yang Y, Yang S, Yao C, Liu K, Cui S, Zou Q, Sun H, Guo G. Lachnospiraceae shift in the microbial community of mice faecal sample effects on water immersion restraint stress. AMB Express 2017; 7:82. [PMID: 28417435 PMCID: PMC5393979 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress, including both psychological and physical stimulation, can cause changes in the microbiota and mucosal function of the gastrointestinal system. There are few research studies available about the faecal microbiota changes after stress, such as water immersion restraint stress (WIRS). Therefore, in this study, we focused on analysing the composition changes of faecal microbiota in WIRS mice. The WIRS model, in which Blab/c mice were immersed in 21 ± 2 °C water for 4 h each day for 14 days, was established. Behavioural changes, the serum levels of corticosterone, IFN-γ and IL-17 and gastric mucosal injury were also assessed. Ten faecal microbiota samples were detected by Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes from 367205 characterised sequences. Finally, we find significant differences in the faecal microbiota composition between the control and the WIRS groups. There was an obvious increase in Lachnospiraceae in the WIRS mice (p = 0.0286, p < 0.05), which is associated with human diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s and celiac disease. Our research indicates that stress changes in the faecal microbiota. These results suggest that observing shifts of the intestinal microbiota is a promising method to explore the mechanism of the stress associated with gastrointestinal diseases and to provide us with a better understanding of the relationship between the microbiota and disease.
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Ibrahim FM, Attia HN, Maklad YAA, Ahmed KA, Ramadan MF. Biochemical characterization, anti-inflammatory properties and ulcerogenic traits of some cold-pressed oils in experimental animals. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:740-748. [PMID: 28056572 PMCID: PMC6130677 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1275705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cold-pressed oils (CPO) are commercially available in the market and characterized by their health-promoting properties. OBJECTIVE Clove oil (CLO), coriander seed oil (COO) and black cumin oil (BCO) were evaluated for their bioactive lipids. Pharmacological screening was performed to evaluate acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects as well as histopathological changes in tissues of albino rats fed with CPO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fatty acids, tocols and total phenolics were analyzed. The acute toxicity test for each CPO was estimated during 14 d. Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema was used for assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of CPO. Animals were fasted overnight, and via oral gavage given indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or CPO (400 mg/kg) to investigate ulcerogenecity. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and stomach were screened. RESULTS Amounts of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols in CLO were 1495, 58, 4177 and 177 mg/kg oil, respectively. In COO, α, β, γ and δ-tocopherols were 10.0, 18.2, 5.1 and 34.8%, respectively. In BCO, β-tocotrienol was the main constituent. CLO, COO and BCO contained 4.6, 4.2 and 3.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. Acute toxicity test determined that 400 mg/kg of CPO to be used. In the carrageenan model of inflammation, pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or CLO (400 mg/kg) induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction by 31.3 and 27.4%, respectively, in rat paw oedema as compared with the carrageenan-treated group. Indomethacin induced a significant ulcerogenic effect with an ulcer index of 19. Oral treatment of CPO showed no ulcerogenic effect, wherein no histopathological changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS CPO, particularly CLO, could minimize acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten M. Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Pharmacology group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yousreya Aly Aly Maklad
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Pharmacology group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Ramadan
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Nur Azlina MF, Qodriyah HMS, Chua KH, Kamisah Y. Comparison between tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in stress-exposed rats. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5887-5894. [PMID: 28932080 PMCID: PMC5583573 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate and compare the effects of tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in rats exposed to water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS).
METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered vitamin-free palm oil (vehicle) and the two treatment groups were given omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) by oral gavage. After 28 d of treatment, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to WIRS one time for 3.5 h. Gastric lesions were measured and gastric tissues were obtained to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) mRNA expression.
RESULTS Rats exposed to WIRS for 3.5 h demonstrated the presence of considerable ulcers in the form of gastric erosion. The lesion index in the stressed control (S) group was increased (P < 0.001) compared to the tocotrienol treated and omeprazole treated groups. Stress led to a decrease in gastric VEGF (P < 0.001), bFGF (P < 0.001) and TGF-α (P < 0.001) mRNA levels and caused an increase in EGF mRNA (P < 0.001) that was statistically significant compared to the non-stressed control group. Although both treatment agents exerted similar ulcer reducing ability, only treatment with tocotrienol led to increased expression of VEGF (P = 0.008), bFGF (P = 0.001) and TGF-α (P = 0.002) mRNA.
CONCLUSION Tocotrienol provides gastroprotective effects in WIRS-induced ulcers. Compared to omeprazole, tocotrienol exerts a similar protective effect, albeit through multiple mechanisms of protection, particularly through up-regulation of growth factors that assist in repair of gastric tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hj Mohd Saad Qodriyah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kien Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Yoon IS, Park DH, Kim JE, Yoo JC, Bae MS, Oh DS, Shim JH, Choi CY, An KW, Kim EI, Kim GY, Cho SS. Identification of the biologically active constituents of Camellia japonica leaf and anti-hyperuricemic effect in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1613-1620. [PMID: 28487949 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia japonica L. is a plant of which the seeds are used as a folk medicine, and it is native to South Korea, Japan and China. In previous study, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins and fatty acids which have antiviral, antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity were reported from C. japonica leaf and flower. In Korea, the seed from this plant is used as a traditional medicine and in folk remedies for the treatment of bleeding and inflammation. However, the major issue associated with the use of the seed as a medicinal and/or functional food ingredient is its application to the pharmaceutical and food industry. First, the productivity of seed extract is very much less than that of the leaf. Second, the beneficial usage of the seed extract as an alternative medicine and functional source is not yet clear. Thus, in this study, we focused on another part of the plant, the leaf, and found that the extract of Camellia japonica leaf has a high concentration of vitamin E, rutin and other biologically active compounds related to hyperuricemia. We aimed to investigate the biological activities, namely the antioxidant activities, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity and anti‑hyperuricemic effects of extract from C. japonica leaf and the phytochemicals contained therein. Ethanol extracts of C. japonica leaf (ECJL) were prepared, and the extract was used with respect to antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents and XO inhibitory activity. The in vivo XO inhibitory activity and anti‑hyperuricemic effects of the extract were evaluated in mice with potassium oxonate‑induced hyperuricemia. To clarify the marker compounds that are responsible for the anti‑hyperuricemic effects, several key constituents were identified using gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry (GC‑MS) and and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). ECJL was found to have strong antioxidant activities, and in vitro XO inhibitory activity. The results of the in vivo experiments using mice demonstrated that ECJL at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg inhibited hepatic XO activity and significantly attenuated hyperuricemia. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the XO inhibitory and anti-hyperuricemic effects of ECJL, which can be therapeutically applied in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Deuk-Sil Oh
- Jeollanamdo Wando Arboretum, Wando, Jeonnam 59105, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Yung Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung, Jeonnam 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan An
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Il Kim
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Yeop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
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In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Quercus acuta Thunb. (Fagaceae) Extract: Active Constituents, Serum Uric Acid Suppression, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4097195. [PMID: 28421120 PMCID: PMC5381200 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4097195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercus acuta Thunb. (Fagaceae) (QA) is cultivated as a dietary and ornamental plant in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It has been widely used as the main ingredient of acorn tofu, a traditional food in China and South Korea. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro and in vivo xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory and antihyperuricemic activities of an ethyl acetate extract of QA leaf (QALE) and identify its active phytochemicals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) systems. The QALE was found to possess potent in vitro antioxidant and XO inhibitory activities. In vivo study using hyperuricemic mice induced with potassium oxonate demonstrated that the QALE could inhibit hepatic XO activity at a relatively low oral dose (50 mg/kg) and significantly alleviate hyperuricemia to a similar extent as allopurinol. Several active compounds including vitamin E known to possess XO inhibitory activity were identified from the QALE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the active constituents and antihyperuricemic effect of QA, suggesting that it is feasible to use QALE as a food therapy or alternative medicine for alleviating hyperuricemia and gout.
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Ohta Y, Yashiro K, Kobayashi T, Inui K, Yoshino J. Protective effect ofN,N’-dimethylthiourea against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:319-328. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiji Ohta
- Department of Chemistry; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Koji Yashiro
- Department of Chemistry; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine; Second Teaching Hospital; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Nagoya Aichi 454-0012 Japan
| | - Kazuo Inui
- Department of Internal Medicine; Second Teaching Hospital; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Nagoya Aichi 454-0012 Japan
| | - Junji Yoshino
- Dainagoya building Central Clinic; Nagoya Aichi 450-6409 Japan
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Bursać-Mitrović M, Milovanović DR, Mitić R, Jovanović D, Sovrlić M, Vasiljević P, Tomović J, Manojlović N. EFFECTS OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SWIMMING-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SERUM OF GUINEA PIGS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 13:29-33. [PMID: 28852717 PMCID: PMC5566150 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol as well as combination of these vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise on intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity of total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase in the serum of guinea pigs. Materials and Methods: The experimental measurements of intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity of total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase were done in the serum of guinea pigs. The animals were exposed to the test load to achieve exhaustion and the test was terminated when the animal for the third time to sink into the water. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that endurance exercise of guinea pigs induced oxidative stress response in terms of increased lipid peroxidation and activity of xanthine oxidase in the serum of experimental animals. Our study investigated the antioxidant activity of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol also measuring three protective markers in the serum: total antioxidant activity, content of glutathione and activity of catalase. The results obtained show that the vitamins influence the concentrations of above mentioned biochemical parameters, which points out their protective effect of swimming-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion: Single or combined administration of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol caused significant inhibition of these markers indicating the important antioxidant activity of the vitamins. Results lead to conclude that the combined treatments with vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise showed the clear synergistic effect..
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragan R Milovanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Radoslav Mitić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical faculty, University of Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Danijela Jovanović
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Sovrlić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jovica Tomović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nedeljko Manojlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Sarir H, Emdadifard G, Farhangfar H, TaheriChadorneshin H. Effect of vitamin E succinate on inflammatory cytokines induced by high-intensity interval training. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:1177-81. [PMID: 26958053 PMCID: PMC4766825 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim and Scope: The anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin E under moderate exercises has been evaluated. However, the effect of vitamin E succinate, which has more potent anti-inflammatory effect than other isomers of vitamin E has not been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E succinate on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Materials and Methods: In the present study, 24 rats were randomly divided into control (C), supplementation (S), HIIT, and HIIT + supplementation (HIIT+S) groups. HIIT training protocol on a treadmill (at a speed of 40–54 m/min) and vitamin E succinate supplementation (60 mg/kg/day) was conducted for 6 weeks. Results: Serum IL-6 in the HIIT group significantly increased compared with the C group (350.42 ± 123.31 pg/mL vs 158.60 ± 41.96 pg/mL; P = 0.002). Also, serum TNF-α concentrations significantly enhanced (718.15 ± 133.42 pg/mL vs 350.87 ± 64.93 pg/mL; P = 0.001) in the HIIT group compared with the C group. Treatment of the training group with vitamin E numerically reduced IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the HIIT group (217.31 ± 29.21 and 510.23 ± 217.88, respectively, P > 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in serum TNF-α (P = 0.31) and IL-6 (P = 0.52) concentrations in the HIIT + S group compared with the C group. Conclusion: HIIT-induced IL-6 and TNF-α decreased by administration of Vitamin E succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sarir
- Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Nur Azlina MF, Kamisah Y, Chua KH, Ibrahim IAA, Qodriyah HMS. Preventive Effects of Tocotrienol on Stress-Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions and Its Relation to Oxidative and Inflammatory Biomarkers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139348. [PMID: 26465592 PMCID: PMC4605689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible gastroprotective effect of tocotrienol against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) induced gastric ulcers in rats by measuring its effect on gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered vitamin-free palm oil (vehicle) and the two treatment groups were given omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) orally. After 28 days, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to WIRS for 3.5 hours once. Malondialdehyde (MDA), NO content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assayed in gastric tissue homogenates. Gastric tissue SOD, iNOS, TNF-α and IL1-β expression were measured. WIRS increased the gastric MDA, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels significantly when compared to the non-stressed control group. Administration of tocotrienol and omeprazole displayed significant protection against gastric ulcers induced by exposure to WIRS by correction of both ulcer score and MDA content. Tissue content of TNF-α and SOD activity were markedly reduced by the treatment with tocotrienol but not omeprazole. Tocotrienol significantly corrected nitrite to near normal levels and attenuated iNOS gene expression, which was upregulated in this ulcer model. In conclusion, oral supplementation with tocotrienol provides a gastroprotective effect in WIRS-induced ulcers. Gastroprotection is mediated through 1) free radical scavenging activity, 2) the increase in gastric mucosal antioxidant enzyme activity, 3) normalisation of gastric mucosal NO through reduction of iNOS expression, and 4) attenuation of inflammatory cytokines. In comparison to omeprazole, it exerts similar effectiveness but has a more diverse mechanism of protection, particularly through its effect on NO, SOD activity, and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: nurazlina74yahoo.com;
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hj Mohd Saad Qodriyah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kamisah Y, Qodriyah HMS, Chua KH, Nur Azlina MF. Vitamin E: a potential therapy for gastric mucosal injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1591-1597. [PMID: 25026358 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.902082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many scientific reports have shown the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as diminished gastroprotective substances in the pathogenesis of gastric lesions using various models. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants like tocopherol and tocotrienol may afford beneficial effects in attentuating the formation of the gastric lesions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to summarize documented reports on the effects of vitamin E on various models of gastric lesion. METHODS A literature search was performed from databases in Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Googlescholar from June to December 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The potential roles of tocopherol and tocotrienol in modifying the effects of ulcerogenic agents are discussed in this review. The protective effects of the vitamin E might involve ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation as well as restoration of endogenous gastroprotective substances. This vitamin has the potential to be used as a therapy for gastric mucosal injury.
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Nur Azlina MF, Kamisah Y, Chua KH, Qodriyah HMS. Tocotrienol Attenuates Stress-Induced Gastric Lesions via Activation of Prostaglandin and Upregulation of COX-1 mRNA. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:804796. [PMID: 23970937 PMCID: PMC3736463 DOI: 10.1155/2013/804796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to distinguish the effect of tocotrienol on an important gastric protective factor, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in stress-induced gastric injury. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups of seven rats each. Two control groups were fed commercial rat diet, and two treatment groups were fed the same diet but with additional dose of omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol (60 mg/kg). After 28 days, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to water-immersion restraint stress for 3.5 hours once. The rats were then sacrificed, their stomach isolated and gastric juice collected, lesions examined, and gastric PGE2 content and cyclooxygenase (COX) mRNA expression were determined. Both the regimes significantly attenuated the total lesion area in the stomach compared to the control. Gastric acidity, which was increased in stress, was significantly reduced in rats supplemented with omeprazole and tocotrienol. The PGE2 content was also significantly higher in the rats given tocotrienol supplementation compared to the control followed by an increase in COX-1 mRNA expression. We conclude that tocotrienol supplementation protected rat gastric mucosa against stress-induced lesions possibly by reducing gastric acidity and preserving gastric PGE2 by increasing COX-1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hj Mohd Saad Qodriyah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A Potential Phytomedicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:709028. [PMID: 23956777 PMCID: PMC3730359 DOI: 10.1155/2013/709028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkia speciosa Hassk., or stink bean, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia. It is consumed either raw or cooked. It has been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, and kidney problems. It contains minerals and vitamins. It displays many beneficial properties. Its extracts from the empty pods and seeds have a high content of total polyphenol, phytosterol, and flavonoids. It demonstrates a good antioxidant activity. Its hypoglycemic effect is reported to be attributable to the presence of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and stigmast-4-en-3-one. The cyclic polysulfide compounds exhibit antibacterial activity, while thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid possesses anticancer property. The pharmacological properties of the plant extract are described in this review. With ongoing research conducted on the plant extracts, Parkia speciosa has a potential to be developed as a phytomedicine.
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The elevation of oxidative stress after the great East Japan earthquake. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 16:816-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-012-0668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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