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Ren Y, Cui Q, Zhang J, Liu W, Xu M, Lv Y, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Wu R. Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Alleviates Pancreatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707259. [PMID: 34421598 PMCID: PMC8375434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is an important pathophysiological feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Our recent study has shown that milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is beneficial in acute pancreatitis. However, its role in CP remained unknown. To study this, CP was induced in male adult Mfge8-knockout (Mfge8-KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice by six intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/body weight) twice a week for 10 weeks. The results showed that knockout of mfge8 gene aggravated pancreatic fibrosis after repeated cerulein injection. In WT mice, pancreatic levels of MFG-E8 were reduced after induction of CP and administration of recombinant MFG-E8 alleviated cerulein-induced pancreatic fibrosis. The protective effect of MFG-E8 in CP was associated with reduced autophagy and oxidative stress. In human pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), MFG-E8 inhibited TGF-β1-induced ER stress and autophagy. MFG-E8 downregulated the expression of lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a key factor in ER stress-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). QX77, an activator of CMA, eliminated the effects of MFG-E8 on TGF-β1-induced PSC activation. In conclusion, MFG-E8 appears to mitigate pancreatic fibrosis via inhibiting ER stress-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recombinant MFG-E8 may be developed as a novel treatment for pancreatic fibrosis in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wuming Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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2
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Novák Š, Kolář M, Szabó A, Vernerová Z, Lacina L, Strnad H, Šáchová J, Hradilová M, Havránek J, Španko M, Čoma M, Urban L, Kaňuchová M, Melegová N, Gürlich R, Dvořák J, Smetana K, Gál P, Szabo P. Desmoplastic Crosstalk in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Is Reflected by Different Responses of Panc-1, MIAPaCa-2, PaTu-8902, and CAPAN-2 Cell Lines to Cancer-associated/Normal Fibroblasts. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:221-243. [PMID: 33893076 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still represents one of the most aggressive cancers. Understanding of the epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk as a crucial part of the tumor microenvironment should pave the way for therapies to improve patient survival rates. Well-established cell lines present a useful and reproducible model to study PDAC biology. However, the tumor-stromal interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied interactions between four PDAC cell lines (Panc-1, CAPAN-2, MIAPaCa-2, and PaTu-8902) and conditioned media derived from primary cultures of normal fibroblasts/PDAC-derived CAFs (PANFs). RESULTS When the tested PDAC cell lines were stimulated by PANF-derived conditioned media, the most aggressive behavior was acquired by the Panc-1 cell line (increased number and size of colonies, remaining expression of vimentin and keratin 8 as well as increase of epithelial-to-mesenchymal polarization markers), whereas PaTu-8902 cells were rather inhibited. Of note, administration of the conditioned media to MIAPaCa-2 cells resulted in an inverse effect on the size and number of colonies, whereas CAPAN-2 cells were rather stimulated. To explain the heterogeneous pattern of the observed PDAC crosstalk at the in vitro level, we further compared the phenotype of primary cultures of cells derived from ascitic fluid with that of the tested PDAC cell lines, analyzed tumor samples of PDAC patients, and performed gene expression profiling of PANFs. Immuno-cyto/histo-chemical analysis found specific phenotype differences within the group of examined patients and tested PDAC cell lines, whereas the genomic approach in PANFs found the key molecules (IL6, IL8, MFGE8 and periostin) that may contribute to the cancer aggressive behavior. CONCLUSION The desmoplastic patient-specific regulation of cancer cells by CAFs (also demonstrated by the heterogeneous response of PDAC cell lines to fibroblasts) precludes simple targeting and development of an effective treatment strategy and rather requires establishment of an individualized tumor-specific treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štepán Novák
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arpád Szabó
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Vernerová
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šáchová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Hradilová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havránek
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Španko
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Stomatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Čoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukáš Urban
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MediPark, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miriam Kaňuchová
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MediPark, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Nikola Melegová
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MediPark, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Robert Gürlich
- Department of Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Dvořák
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovak Republic; .,Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MediPark, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Prague Burn Centre, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Szabo
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; .,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Bu HF, Subramanian S, Geng H, Wang X, Liu F, Chou PM, Du C, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. MFG-E8 Plays an Important Role in Attenuating Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:728. [PMID: 33806041 PMCID: PMC8064467 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a secreted glycoprotein that regulates tissue homeostasis, possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties, and protects against tissue injury. The human pancreas expresses MFG-E8; however, the role of MFG-E8 in the pancreas remains unclear. We examined the expression of MFG-E8 in the pancreas at baseline and during cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice and determined whether MFG-E8 attenuates the progression of pancreatitis, a serious inflammatory condition that can be life-threatening. We administered cerulein to wild-type (WT) and Mfge8 knockout (KO) mice to induce pancreatitis. Immunoblot analysis showed that MFG-E8 is constitutively expressed in the murine pancreas and is increased in mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. In situ hybridization revealed that ductal epithelial cells in the mouse pancreas express Mfge8 transcripts at baseline. During pancreatitis, Mfge8 transcripts were abundantly expressed in acinar cells and endothelial cells in addition to ductal epithelial cells. Knocking out Mfge8 in mice exacerbated the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and delayed its resolution. In contrast, administration of recombinant MFG-E8 attenuated cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and promoted repair of pancreatic injury in Mfge8 KO mice. Taken together, our study suggests that MFG-E8 protects the pancreas against inflammatory injury and promotes pancreatic tissue repair. MFG-E8 may represent a novel therapeutic target in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Fu Bu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Hua Geng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Pauline M. Chou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Chao Du
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Isabelle G. De Plaen
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (H.-F.B.); (S.S.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Research & Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Ren Y, Liu W, zhang L, Zhang J, Bi J, Wang T, Wang M, Du Z, Wang Y, zhang L, Wu Z, Lv Y, Meng L, Wu R. Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 restores mitochondrial function via integrin-medicated activation of the FAK-STAT3 signaling pathway in acute pancreatitis. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e295. [PMID: 33634976 PMCID: PMC7828261 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) remains a significant clinical challenge. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AP. Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is an opsonizing protein, which has many biological functions via binding to αvβ3/5 integrins. Ligand-dependent integrin-FAK activation of STAT3 was reported to be of great importance for maintaining a normal mitochondrial function. However, MFG-E8's role in AP has not been evaluated. METHODS Blood samples were acquired from 69 healthy controls and 134 AP patients. Serum MFG-E8 levels were measured by ELISA. The relationship between serum concentrations of MFG-E8 and disease severity were analyzed. The role of MFG-E8 was evaluated in experimental models of AP. RESULTS Serum concentrations of MFG-E8 were lower in AP patients than healthy controls. And serum MFG-E8 concentrations were negatively correlated with disease severity in AP patients. In mice, MFG-E8 administration decreased L-arginine-induced pancreatic injury and mortality. MFG-E8's protective effects in experimental AP were associated with improvement in mitochondrial function and reduction in oxidative stress. MFG-E8 knockout mice suffered more severe pancreatic injury and greater mitochondrial damage after l-arginine administration. Mechanistically, MFG-E8 activated the FAK-STAT3 pathway in AP mice. Cilengitide, a specific αvβ3/5 integrin inhibitor, abolished MFG-E8's beneficial effects in AP. PF00562271, a specific FAK inhibitor, blocked MFG-E8-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. APTSTAT3-9R, a specific STAT3 antagonist, also eliminated MFG-E8's beneficial effects under such a condition. CONCLUSIONS MFG-E8 acts as an endogenous protective mediator in the pathogenesis of AP. MFG-E8 administration protects against AP possibly by restoring mitochondrial function via activation of the integrin-FAK-STAT3 signaling pathway. Targeting the action of MFG-E8 may present a potential therapeutic option for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Wuming Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Lin zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Tao Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yawen Wang
- BiobankFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Laboratory MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Lin zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Lingzhong Meng
- Department of AnesthesiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Xi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
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Miksch RC, D'Haese JG, Werner J. Surgical Therapy of Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis: A Literature Review of Current Options. Visc Med 2020; 36:191-197. [PMID: 32775349 PMCID: PMC7383250 DOI: 10.1159/000508174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with alcohol abuse in 80% of cases. The primary treatment goals in CP are pain reduction and avoidance of pancreatitis-associated complications. CP should be treated in an interdisciplinary approach. A recent randomized clinical trial showed that early surgery compared with an endoscopy-first approach resulted in reduced pain levels. Surgical resections are, therefore, the most efficient treatment of pancreatitis-associated pain as well as other complications and should be performed early in the course of the disease. Since most of the patients pre-sent with chronic inflammation of the pancreatic head, pancreatic head resection is the most common treatment option. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resections are the surgical procedure of choice, but pancreaticoduodenectomies (Kausch-Whipple procedures) demonstrate similar outcome with regard to pain control, quality of life, and metabolic parameters. Other surgical procedures, including drainage procedures, pancreatic segmental resections, or left resections, are rarely indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Inflammatory and fibrotic events that drive chronic pancreatitis (CP) are likely orchestrated via signaling of soluble cytokines and chemokines systemically and within the pancreas. However, a comprehensive summary of the expression of such factors during CP has not been reported to date. This information is important given continued interest in targeting cytokines that influence CP pathogenesis. Reported data on the expression change of soluble immunomodulatory factors in human CP patients were identified via a literature search using a single search term. Thirty-one articles meeting the prespecified inclusion criteria were identified to generate a compiled data summary. Compiled data demonstrated up-regulation of several factors in the blood or pancreas microenvironment of CP patients. Nine factors were elevated in both compartments, including fractalkine, IFN-γ, interleukin 1β, IL-6, IL-8, macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, transforming growth factor β, and tumor necrosis factor α. Most up-regulated factors could be classified into one of several functional groups, including inflammation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, extracellular matrix remodeling, and pain. After further validation, these factors may be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and identification of comorbidities, or as potential therapeutic targets.
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7
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Li Y, Ran W, Zhang J, Chen S, Li Y, Luo D, Wang C, Jia W. Elevated serum milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 levels in type 2 diabetic patients are suppressed by overweight or obese status. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:63-71. [PMID: 28067023 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the most important link between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a key mediator in anti-inflammatory responses, its role in obesity and diabetes is not yet completely understood. We aimed to measure MFG-E8 serum levels and to explore the role of MFG-E8 in obesity and T2D. Fasting serum MFG-E8 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 168 individuals, whose oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein, were measured. The participants were subdivided into 66 newly diagnosed T2D individuals, 44 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects and 58 healthy controls. Their characteristics were further classified as lean or nonlean for investigation. MFG-E8 levels were significantly higher in T2D subjects than in healthy controls (P = 0.028). Decreased levels of MFG-E8 were found in overweight or obese individuals, compared to those in lean subjects, in both the T2D and IGT groups (P < 0.001). Interestingly, MFG-E8 levels showed a negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) and TNF-α levels in the total population and the T2D subgroup. Further, BMI and TNF-α concentrations were found to be independent predictors of MFG-E8 levels in all subjects. MFG-E8 levels are elevated in T2D but suppressed by increased adipose tissues, thereby allowing inflammatory factors to rise to high levels. MFG-E8 may serve as a potential biomarker for obesity and T2D in the clinical setting. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(2):63-71, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhuo Ran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Sinningen K, Thiele S, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Role of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 in osteoimmunology. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:820. [PMID: 27579162 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a glycoprotein that is abundantly expressed in various tissues and has a pivotal role in the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. However, MFG-E8 has also gained significant attention because of its wide range of functions in autoimmunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis. More recently, MFG-E8 has been identified as a critical regulator of bone homeostasis, being expressed in both, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, it was shown that MFG-E8 fulfils an active role in modulating inflammatory processes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of MFG-E8 and proposing it as a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. This concise review focusses on the expression and regulation of MFG-E8 in the context of inflammatory bone diseases, highlights its role in the pathophysiology of osteoimmune diseases and discusses the therapeutic potential of MFG-E8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Sinningen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
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Kozak A, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Kaczka A, Borkowska A, Czupryniak L, Małecka-Panas E, Gąsiorowska A. Utility of different serum fibrosis markers in diagnosing patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:635-641. [PMID: 27574557 PMCID: PMC4980655 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i8.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To estimate the levels of serum cytokines in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients in order to evaluate their usefulness as possible biomarkers.
METHODS: The study included 167 Caucasian patients: 74 with PDAC (28 men and 42 women, aged 30-88 years), 78 with CP (50 men and 21 women, aged 20-79 years) and 15 age-matched healthy controls hospitalized in the Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland between 2006 and 2013. Serum MCP-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, HA and s-Fr were measured in patients with CP (n = 78), PDAC (n = 74) and healthy controls (n = 15) using ELISA (Corgenix United Kingdom Ltd R and D Systems). The severity of CP was assessed according to the Cambridge classification.
RESULTS: Both patients with CP and PDAC had a significantly higher mean TGF-β1 serum level (1066 ± 582 and 888 ± 356 vs 264 ± 93, P < 0.0001), mean s-Fr (2.42 ± 1.385 and 2.41 ± 1.275 vs 0.6 ± 0.370, P < 0.0001) and mean HA (199 ± 254 and 270 ± 358 vs 40 ± 26, P < 0.0001) compared to controls. There was no difference in mean MCP-1 between all the groups. There were no significant differences in any cytokine levels between the PC and PDAC groups. No significant differences between serum cytokines depending on age, gender or smoking status were found in CP patients. Mean s-Fr concentration was significantly higher in CP, lasting longer than 5 years compared to those with a shorter disease clinical course (2.639 ± 1.125 vs 1.870 ± 0.970, P < 0.03). There was no correlation between tumor size, localization or TNM classification and serum TGF-β1, MCP-1, s-Fr and HA levels in patients with PDAC. No significant differences between cytokines depending on diabetes presence in CP were found. Nevertheless, mean serum TGF-β1 concentration in PDAC patients was higher in those with diabetes compared to the remaining group (986 vs 839, P = 0.043).
CONCLUSION: Serum TGF-β1, s-Fr and HA may be considered additional diagnostic markers of CP and PDAC. TGF-β1 may be useful to predict endocrine insufficiency in PDAC.
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Yin W, Li B, Li X, Yu F, Cai Q, Zhang Z, Cheng M, Gao H. Anti-inflammatory effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 on a diabetic pancreas. Food Funct 2016. [PMID: 26207855 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased considerably in recent years, highlighting the importance of developing new therapeutic strategies. Insulin-resistance and gradual dysfunction of pancreatic islets are the mainstay in the progression of T2DM. Therefore, preserving the function of the pancreas may lead to new prospective approaches. Our previous studies suggested that grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2), a natural polyphenol product, exhibited protective effects on diabetic vasculopathy. However, effects of GSPB2 on a diabetic pancreas remain unknown. In this study, we provided strong evidence that GSPB2 exerted protective effects on a diabetic pancreas. GSPB2 attenuated the elevated body weights, food intake and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) levels in db/db mice (p < 0.05), though it had no significant effect on glucose levels. The increased islet sizes, insulin levels, as well as HOMA-IR were also improved by GSPB2 treatment in db/db mice (p < 0.05). Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8 (MFG-E8), an estimated target of GSPB2 in our previous studies, was up-regulated in pancreatic tissues whereas GSPB2 treatment down-regulated the protein level (p < 0.05). Since MFG-E8 is highly involved in inflammation, we further investigate pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and NLRP3 levels. We found that levels of IL-1β and NLRP3 increased in a diabetic pancreas while GSPB2 treatment notably attenuated these alterations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that inflammation is involved in the damage of a diabetic pancreas and GSPB2 provides protective effects at least in part through anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Hajishengallis G. MFG-E8, a novel homeostatic regulator of osteoclastogenesis. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2014; 1:e285. [PMID: 26052544 DOI: 10.14800/ics.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the glycoprotein MFG-E8 (milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8) has been investigated extensively as an anti-inflammatory and homeostatic molecule, a possible role in bone homeostasis and disease was not addressed until recently. Our group has now shown that MFG-E8 is expressed by human and mouse osteoclasts and regulates their differentiation and function (Abe et al., J Immunol 2014;193:1383-1391). Whereas genetic deficiency or antibody-mediated neutralization of MFG-E8 enhances osteoclastogenesis and promotes inflammation-induced bone loss in mice, local administration of recombinant MFG-E8 blocks bone loss. These findings establish MFG-E8 as a novel homeostatic regulator of osteoclastogenesis and suggest that MFG-E8 could be exploited therapeutically to treat disorders associated with inflammatory bone loss, such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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D’Haese JG, Hartel M, Demir IE, Hinz U, Bergmann F, Büchler MW, Friess H, Ceyhan GO. Pain sensation in pancreatic diseases is not uniform: The different facets of pancreatic pain. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9154-9161. [PMID: 25083089 PMCID: PMC4112857 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.9154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To systematically characterize specific pain patterns in the most frequent pancreatic diseases.
METHODS: Pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 314), pancreatic cancer (n = 469), and other pancreatic tumors (n = 249) including mucinous (n = 20) and serous cystadenoma (n = 31), invasive (n = 37) and non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN; n = 48), low stage (n = 18) and high stage neuroendocrine neoplasia (n = 44), and ampullary cancer (n = 51) was registered and correlated with clinicopathological data. Survival times were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients alive at the follow-up time were censored. Survival curves were compared statistically using the log-rank test.
RESULTS: Forty-nine point one percent of pancreatic cancer patients revealed no pain, whereas in chronic pancreatitis only 18.3% were pain free. In contrary, moderate/severe pain was registered in 15.1% in pancreatic cancer patients that was increased in chronic pancreatitis with up to 34.2%. Serous cystadenoma was asymptomatic in most cases (58.1%), whereas 78.9% of all mucinous cystadenoma patients suffered pain. In neuroendocrine neoplasia pain was not a key clinical symptom since 64% of low stage neuroendocrine neoplasia and 59% of high stage neuroendocrine neoplasia patients were pain free. Cancer localization in the pancreatic body and patients with malignant pancreatic neoplasms were associated with more severe pain. Tumor grading and stage did not show any impact on pain. Only in pancreatic cancer, pain was directly associated with impaired survival.
CONCLUSION: Pancreatic pain depicts different patterns of abdominal pain sensation according to the respective pancreatic disorder and does not allow a unification of the term pancreatic pain.
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Pancreatic stellate cells and CX3CR1: occurrence in normal pancreas and acute and chronic pancreatitis and effect of their activation by a CX3CR1 agonist. Pancreas 2014; 43:708-19. [PMID: 24681877 PMCID: PMC4315317 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies suggest important roles of the chemokine, fractalkine (CX3CL1), in acute/chronic pancreatitis; however, the possible mechanisms of the effects are unclear. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can play important roles in pancreatitis, secreting inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, as well as proliferation. Therefore, we investigated CX3CL1 receptor (CX3CR1) occurrence in normal pancreas and pancreatitis (acute/chronic) tissues and the effects of CX3CL1 on activated PSCs. METHODS CX3CR1 expression/localization in normal pancreas and pancreatitis (acute/chronic) tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemical analysis. CX3CR1 expression and effects of CX3CL1 on activated PSCs were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction, BrdU (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine) assays, and Western blotting. RESULTS In normal pancreas, acinar cells expressed CX3CR1 within granule-like formations in the cytoplasm, whereas in acute/chronic pancreatitis, acinar, ductal, and activated PSCs expressed CX3CR1 on cell membranes. With activation of normal PSCs, CX3CR1 is increased. CX3CL1 activated multiple signaling cascades in PSCs. CX3CL1 did not induce inflammatory genes expression in activated PSCs, but induced proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CX3CR1s are expressed in normal pancreas. Expression is increased in acute/chronic pancreatitis, and the CX3CR1s are activated. CX3CL1 induces proliferation of activated PSCs without increasing release of inflammatory mediators. These results suggest that CX3CR1 activation of PSCs could be important in their effects in pancreatitis, especially to PSC proliferation in pancreatitis where CX3CL1 levels are elevated.
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Abe T, Shin J, Hosur K, Udey MC, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Regulation of osteoclast homeostasis and inflammatory bone loss by MFG-E8. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1383-91. [PMID: 24958900 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor factor 8 (MFG-E8) is expressed in several tissues and mediates diverse homeostatic functions. However, whether it plays a role in bone homeostasis has not been established. In this study, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that osteoclasts express and are regulated by MFG-E8. Bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursors from MFG-E8-deficient (Mfge8(-/-)) mice underwent increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis, leading to enhanced resorption pit formation compared with wild-type controls. Consistently, exogenously added MFG-E8 inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis from mouse or human osteoclast precursors. Upon induction of experimental periodontitis, an oral inflammatory disease characterized by loss of bone support of the dentition, Mfge8(-/-) mice exhibited higher numbers of osteoclasts and more bone loss than did wild-type controls. Accordingly, local microinjection of anti-MFG-E8 mAb exacerbated periodontal bone loss in wild-type mice. Conversely, microinjection of MFG-E8 inhibited bone loss in experimental mouse periodontitis. In comparison with wild-type controls, Mfge8(-/-) mice also experienced >60% more naturally occurring chronic periodontal bone loss. In conclusion, MFG-E8 is a novel homeostatic regulator of osteoclasts that could be exploited therapeutically to treat periodontitis and perhaps other immunological disorders associated with inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Abe
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jieun Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kavita Hosur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mark C Udey
- Center for Cancer Research, Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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Li BZ, Zhang HY, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Identification of MFG-E8 as a novel therapeutic target for diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1275-85. [PMID: 23972256 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.829455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8), a peripheral membrane glycoprotein has been widely studied in recent years due to its omnipresent locations, express and multiple functions. Traditionally, MFG-E8 was identified as an outstanding factor for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and a significant factor in immune systems. Recent studies with some new findings have shed an interesting light on the old peripheral membrane glycoprotein in various diseases. AREAS COVERED In inflammatory and the systemic lupus erythematosus-type autoimmune disease, age-related diseases and tumors, MFG-E8 plays a multifunctional role in attenuating inflammation and improving prognosis, healing wound and remodeling arterial and enhancing tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis. This review provides a comprehensive view on the latest advances in the field. The summarized knowledge will help to explore the potential therapeutic roles of MFG-E8 and to design MFG-E8-based strategies for the treatment of these diseases. EXPERT OPINION Though the exact roles of MFG-E8 have not been fully elucidated in diseases. MFG-E8 may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhu Li
- Anhui Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032 , PR China +86 551 5167726 ; +86 551 5161171 ;
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