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Kassem AF, Sabt A, Korycka-Machala M, Shaldam MA, Kawka M, Dziadek B, Kuzioła M, Dziadek J, Batran RZ. New coumarin linked thiazole derivatives as antimycobacterial agents: Design, synthesis, enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibition and molecular modeling. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107511. [PMID: 38870705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global serious problem that imposes major health, economic and social challenges worldwide. The search for new antitubercular drugs is extremely important which could be achieved via inhibition of different druggable targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) enzyme is essential for the survival of M. tuberculosis. In this investigation, a series of coumarin based thiazole derivatives was synthesized relying on a molecular hybridization approach and was assessed against thewild typeMtb H37Rv and its mutant strain (ΔkatG) via inhibiting InhA enzyme. Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds 2b, 3i and 3j were the most potent against wild type M. tuberculosis with MIC values ranging from 6 to 8 μg/ mL and displayed low cytotoxicity towards mouse fibroblasts at concentrations 8-13 times higher than the MIC values. The three hybrids could also inhibit the growth of ΔkatGmutant strain which is resistant to isoniazid (INH). Compounds 2b and 3j were able to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria inside human macrophages, indicating their ability to penetrate human professional phagocytes. The two derivatives significantly suppress mycobacterial biofilm formation by 10-15 %. The promising target compounds were also assessed for their inhibitory effect against InhA and showed potent effectiveness with IC50 values of 0.737 and 1.494 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that the tested compounds occupied the active site of InhA in contact with the NAD+ molecule. The 4-phenylcoumarin aromatic system showed binding interactions within the hydrophobic pocket of the active site. Furthermore, H-bond formation and π -π stacking interactions were also recorded for the promising derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Małgorzata Korycka-Machala
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kuzioła
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland; Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rasha Z Batran
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Khaleel EF, Sabt A, Korycka-Machala M, Badi RM, Son NT, Ha NX, Hamissa MF, Elsawi AE, Elkaeed EB, Dziadek B, Eldehna WM, Dziadek J. Identification of new anti-mycobacterial agents based on quinoline-isatin hybrids targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107138. [PMID: 38262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that poses a significant economic burden as a result of the ongoing emergence of drug-resistant strains. The urgent requirement for the development of novel antitubercular drugs can be addressed by targeting specific enzymes. One such enzyme, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase (InhA), plays a crucial role in the survival of the MTB bacterium. In this research study, a series of hybrid compounds combining quinolone and isatin were synthesized and assessed for their effectiveness against MTB, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the InhA enzyme in this bacterium. Among the compounds tested, 7a and 5g exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against MTB, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 55 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects on InhA and demonstrated significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid (INH), with IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions between compounds 7a and 5g and the target enzyme, revealing hydrophobic contacts with important amino acid residues in the active site. To further confirm the stability of the complexes formed by 5g and 7a with the target enzyme, molecular dynamic simulations were employed, which demonstrated that both compounds 7a and 5g undergo minor structural changes and remain nearly stable throughout the simulated process, as assessed through RMSD, RMSF, and Rg values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Korycka-Machala
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed E Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Salari N, Kanjoori AH, Hosseinian-Far A, Hasheminezhad R, Mansouri K, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 37231463 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease, which affects different parts of a human body, mainly lungs and can lead to the patient's death. The aim of this study is to investigate the global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS In this study, the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar repositories were systematically searched to find studies reporting the global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The search did not entail a lower time limit, and articles published up until August 2022 were considered. Random effects model was used to perform the analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies was examined with the I2 test. Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS In the review of 148 studies with a sample size of 318,430 people, the I2 index showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.6), and accordingly random effects method was used to analyze the results. Publication bias was also examined using the Begg and Mazumdar correlation test which indicated the existence of publication bias in the studies (P = 0.008). According to our meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence of multi-drug resistant TB is 11.6% (95% CI: 9.1-14.5%). CONCLUSIONS The global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis was found to be very high, thus health authorities should consider ways to control and manage the disease to prevent a wider spread of tuberculosis and potentially subsequent deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Kanjoori
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian-Far
- Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Razie Hasheminezhad
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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Timofeeva L, Bondarenko G, Nikitushkin V, Simonova Y, Topchiy M, Eremenko I, Shleeva M, Mulyukin A, Kaprelyants A. On the molecular mechanism of nonspecific antimicrobial action of protonated diallylammonium polymers on mycobacterial cells. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Proportion and Trend of Primary Resistance among Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 27:100315. [PMID: 35521633 PMCID: PMC9062340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Imidazole-Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives as Potent Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Compounds with Antibiofilm Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123476. [PMID: 34943984 PMCID: PMC8700351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogenic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis. This disease is one of the most ancient and deadliest bacterial infections, as it poses major health, social and economic challenges at a global level, primarily in low- and middle-income countries. The lack of an effective vaccine, the long and expensive drug therapy, and the rapid spread of drug-resistant strains of Mtb have led to the re-emergence of tuberculosis as a global pandemic. Here, we assessed the in vitro activity of new imidazole-thiosemicarbazide derivatives (ITDs) against Mtb infection and their effects on mycobacterial biofilm formation. Cytotoxicity studies of the new compounds in cell lines and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were performed. The anti-Mtb activity of ITDs was evaluated by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations of resazurin, time-kill curves, bacterial intracellular growth and the effect on biofilm formation. Mutation frequency and whole-genome sequencing of mutants that were resistant to ITDs were performed. The antimycobacterial potential of ITDs with the ability to penetrate Mtb-infected human macrophages and significantly inhibit the intracellular growth of tubercle bacilli and suppress Mtb biofilm formation was observed.
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7
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Identification and Characterization of Two Defensins from Capsicum annuum Fruits that Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1253-1265. [PMID: 32221795 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scientific advances have not been enough to combat the growing resistance to antimicrobial medicines. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effector molecules of the innate immune defense system in plants and could provide an important source of new antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this work was to extract, purify, characterize, and evaluate the antifungal activities present in fractions obtained from Capsicum annum fruits through reversed-phase chromatography. The fractions named F2 and F3 presented the highest inhibitory activity against Candida and Mycobacterium tuberculosis species. In addition, we identified two sequences of AMPs in the F2 and F3 fractions through mass spectrometry that showed similarity to an already well-characterized family of plant defensins. A plasma membrane permeabilization assay demonstrated that the peptides present in F2, F3, and F4 fractions induced changes in the membrane of some yeast strains, culminating in permeabilization. The production of reactive oxygen species was induced by the fractions in some yeast strains. Fractions F2, F3, and F4 also did not show toxicity in macrophage or monocyte cultures. In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrate that the AMPs, especially those present in the fractions F2 and F3, are promising antimicrobial agents that may be useful to enhance the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases.
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Murhula Kashongwe I, Mawete F, Anshambi N, Maingowa N, Aloni M, Lukaso L'osenga L, Kaswa M, Munogolo Kashongwe Z. Challenge to treat pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a low-income country: A report of 12 cases. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2020; 21:100192. [PMID: 33024840 PMCID: PMC7527706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2020.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Democratic Republic of the Congo is a high-burden TB country. Its capital, Kinshasa, reports annually about one-third of all MDR-TB cases in the country; thus, pre-XDRTB management is warranted. Objectives To describe the main challenges in treating pre- XDR TB in this low resources setting and possible solutions. Method This is a retrospective study of all pre-XDR TB patients diagnosed in Kinshasa in 2018. A personalized regimen was applied according to the clinical profile, drug availability, and the Drug susceptibility testing (DST). Treatment was administered by hospitalization during the intensive phase and in ambulatory care in the continuation phase except in emergencies. Monthly follow up included evaluating clinical and bacteriological features, renal and liver functions, QT interval on ECG, and audiometry for those under aminoglycosides. Results Among the 236 MDR-TB patients identified in 2018, 14 had pre-XDR. Two died before treatment initiation. Of the remaining 12. 75% were male, 50% were aged 25-44 years, 66.7% had previous anti-tuberculosis treatment, 75% had a body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2, and 1 patient was HIV positive. On radiography, all the patients had cavities. The median time from the diagnosis to treatment initiation was 48.5 days (range: 14-105). A favorable outcome occurred in 10 cases (83.3%), one patient died, and anotherwas lost to follow up. Nine (75%) patients reported adverse reactions, which were mild or moderate in 6 cases and severe in 2 cases. The severe reactions were psychosis (1 case) and ototoxicity (1 case). Conclusion Successful pre-XDRTB treatment using the new strategy is possible even in a low-income country. The main challenges are diagnosis access, drug availability and follow-up laboratory facilities. These can be included in a global policy review by the NTP to ensure the sustainability of the strategies implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Murhula Kashongwe
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Unit, Kinshasa University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Unit 'Centre d'excellence Damien', Damian Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,National Tuberculosis Program of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fina Mawete
- National Tuberculosis Program of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nicole Anshambi
- Provincial Coordination for Tuberculosis Control, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nadine Maingowa
- Provincial Coordination for Tuberculosis Control, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Murielle Aloni
- National Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Luc Lukaso L'osenga
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Unit 'Centre d'excellence Damien', Damian Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michel Kaswa
- National Tuberculosis Program of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,National Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Zacharie Munogolo Kashongwe
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Unit, Kinshasa University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Uzzaman M, Junaid M, Uddin MN. Evaluation of anti-tuberculosis activity of some oxotitanium(IV) Schiff base complexes; molecular docking, dynamics simulation and ADMET studies. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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10
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Bahal A, Jain S, Sidhu HS, Malik M, Singh S. Trend of antitubercular drug sensitivity test at a multispecialty hospital in Western India - A Retrospective Analysis. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_62_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Ramadwa TE, Awouafack MD, Sonopo MS, Eloff JN. Antibacterial and Antimycobacterial Activity of Crude Extracts, Fractions, and Isolated Compounds From Leaves of Sneezewood, Ptaeroxylon obliquum (Rutaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19872927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ptaeroxylon obliquum (Thunb.) Radlk. (Rutaceae) is traditionally used to treat human and animal diseases in South Africa. In this study, the activity of leaf extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds was determined against nonpathogenic mycobacterial species and nosocomial bacterial pathogens. An acetone leaf extract was partitioned by liquid-liquid fractionation, and obliquumol, a mixture of lupeol and β-amyrin, and eranthin were isolated. Antimicrobial activity was determined using a serial microdilution assay against Mycobacterium smegmatis (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 1441), M. bovis (BCG P1172), M. aurum (NCTC 10437), M. fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25922), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 27853). The n-hexane fraction had minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 20 and 40 µg/mL against M. fortuitum and S. aureus, respectively. The chloroform fraction also had promising activity with an MIC value of 80 µg/mL against both P. aeruginosa and M. fortuitum. Obliquumol had excellent activity (MIC 8 µg/mL) against M. fortuitum. Fractionation of the crude extract potentiated the antimicrobial activity of the nonpolar fractions. The isolated compound, obliquumol, had good antimicrobial and excellent antimycobacterial activities. The antimicrobial activity provides some scientific rationale for the use of P. obliquum against infectious diseases and related symptoms. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of obliquumol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyani E. Ramadwa
- Phytomedicine Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Maurice D. Awouafack
- Phytomedicine Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Molahlehi S. Sonopo
- Radiochemistry, Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa, Pelindaba, South Africa
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Karunaratne RE, Wijenayaka LA, Wijesundera SS, De Silva KMN, Adikaram CP, Perera J. Use of nanotechnology for infectious disease diagnostics: application in drug resistant tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:618. [PMID: 31299893 PMCID: PMC6626415 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) poses a challenge to tuberculosis prevention and control in Sri Lanka. Isoniazid (INH) is a key element of the first line anti tuberculosis treatment regimen. Resistance to INH may lead to development of MDR TB. Therefore, early detection of INH resistance is important to curb spread of resistance. Due to the limited availability of rapid molecular methods for detection of drug resistance in Sri Lanka, this study was aimed at developing a simple and rapid gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based lateral flow strip for the simultaneous detection of the most common INH resistance mutation (katG S315 T, 78.6%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). METHODS Lateral flow strip was designed on an inert plastic backing layer containing a sample pad, nitrocellulose membrane and an absorption pad. Biotin labeled 4 capture probes which separately conjugated with streptavidin were immobilized on the nitrocellulose. The test sample was prepared by multiplex PCR using primers to amplify codon 315 region of the katG gene and MTb specific IS6110 region. The two detection probes complementary to the 5' end of each amplified fragment was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (20 nm) and coupled with the above amplified PCR products were applied on the sample pad. The hybridization of the amplified target regions to the respective capture probes takes place when the sample moves towards the absorption pad. Positive hybridization is indicated by red colour lines. RESULTS The three immobilized capture probes on the strip (for the detection of TB, katG wild type and mutation) were 100 and 96.6% specific and 100 and 92.1% sensitive respectively. CONCLUSION The AuNP based lateral flow assay was capable of differentiating the specific mutation and the wild type along with MTb identification within 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanthi Eranga Karunaratne
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo, PO, 08, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lahiru A Wijenayaka
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Mahenwatte, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka
| | - Sandya Sulochana Wijesundera
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, 08, Sri Lanka
| | - K M Nalin De Silva
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Mahenwatte, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo, 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamila Priyangani Adikaram
- Central Public Health Laboratories, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jennifer Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, box 271, Kynsey Road, Colombo, PO, 08, Sri Lanka
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13
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Fang XH, Shen HH, Hu WQ, Xu QQ, Jun L, Zhang ZP, Kan XH, Ma DC, Wu GC. Prevalence of and Factors Influencing Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment Non-Adherence Among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Anhui Province, Eastern China. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1928-1935. [PMID: 30869079 PMCID: PMC6429981 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the non-adherence rate among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Anhui Province, eastern China and to explore the influential factors, so as to identify targets for intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 339 TB patients were recruited from TB dispensaries in 8 counties of Anhui Province, eastern China using a stratified sampling method. All study subjects were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Differences between groups involving categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS Overall, of the 339 patients, 33.63% missed medication. Divorced and widowed patients were more likely to miss medication compared with those who were married or unmarried (P<0.01). Regarding the knowledge related to topics such as transmission route, preventive measures, and suspicious symptoms, the awareness rate in the group with good medication compliance was higher than in the group with poor compliance (P<0.05). We found that compliance was not significantly associated with seeking medical treatment in professional institutions, the national free TB treatment policy, or discrimination (P>0.05). The rate of non-compliance under supervision (26.10%) was lower than that without supervision (64.18%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The anti-TB treatment non-adherence rate in TB patients is relatively high in Anhui Province, eastern China, and is associated with marital status, annual income, TB knowledge, and medical staff visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hui Fang
- Anhui Provincial TB (Tuberculosis) Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wan-Qian Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qi-Qi Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Jun
- Anhui Provincial TB (Tuberculosis) Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- Anqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anqing, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Hong Kan
- Anhui Provincial TB (Tuberculosis) Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Chun Ma
- Anhui Provincial TB (Tuberculosis) Institute, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Guo-Cui Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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14
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Tanner L, Haynes RK, Wiesner L. An in vitro ADME and in vivo Pharmacokinetic Study of Novel TB-Active Decoquinate Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30833898 PMCID: PMC6387968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the leading cause of mortality due to an infectious disease, despite the existence of multiple effective first-line and second-line drugs. The current anti-TB regimen requires a prolonged treatment period of around 6 months and is only efficacious against drug-sensitive strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). With a rise in cases of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant strains of Mtb, newer treatments comprising compounds with novel mechanisms of action are required. Although decoquinate (DQ) is inactive against Mtb, its derivatives are of interest to anti-TB drug discovery because of their potential to permeate the mycobacterial cell wall, Mtb-infected macrophages, and granulomatous lesions by passive diffusion. The compounds also display mechanisms of action which are unlike those of currently used quinolones, potentially displaying activity against new targets. Three such derivatives bearing an alkyl group at N-1 and an amide group at C-3 (RMB 041, -043, and -073) displayed potent in vitro activities against Mtb H37Rv (90% minimum inhibitory concentrations, MIC90 = 1.61, 4.18, and 1.88 μM, respectively) and high selectivity indices (10-25). In this study, we evaluated the drug-like properties (in vitro microsomal stability, microsomal/plasma protein binding, kinetic solubility, lipophilicity, and passive permeability) and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of these compounds after intravenous and oral administration to male C57BL/6 mice. The compounds showed markedly improved kinetic solubilities compared to that of the parental DQ and were metabolically stable in vitro. The maximum concentrations reached after oral administration were 5.4 ± 0.40, 5.6 ± 1.40, and 2.0 ± 0.03 μM; elimination half-lives were 23.4 ± 2.50, 6.2 ± 0.80, and 11.6 ± 1.30 h; and bioavailabilities were 21.4 ± 1.0, 22.1 ± 2.2, and 5.9 ± 1.3 for RMB041, -043, and -073, respectively. These compounds therefore display promising drug-like properties, and their PK/toxicity profiles (including long half-lives both in vitro and in vivo) support their potential as candidates for further investigation in animal models of Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard K. Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Anusiem CA, Brown SA, Ezejiofor NA, Barikpoar E, Orisakwe OE. Isoniazid Pharmacokinetics in the Presence of Ofloxacin and Norfloxacin Antibiotics. Am J Ther 2018; 25:e397-e404. [PMID: 24451295 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo effects of norfloxacin (NXC) and ofloxacin (OXC) on isoniazid (INH) pharmacokinetics were investigated in 5 apparently healthy volunteers aged 18-39 years after an informed consent. The study was carried out in 3 phases with an interval drug wash out period of at least 1 week in between the phases. In phase 1 (INH alone), subject received 300 mg (usual adult dose) of INH. In phase 2 (INH + OXC), 300 mg of INH was coadministered with 200 mg of OXC, and in phase 3 (INH + NXC) each received 300 mg of INH together with 400 mg of NXC after 1-week drug wash period. Drugs were taken orally with 350 mL of water after an overnight fast, and the subject fasted 3 hours after drug. Plasma, saliva, and urine concentration of INH were predetermined at zero hour, then hourly until the eighth hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, and finally at 48 hours. The urine samples were further collected at 72 hours after drug(s) administration using validated methods. Various pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated. Various pharmacokinetic parameters of INH significantly differed when administered alone or in combination with OXC or with NXC. The mean saliva to plasma ratio of INH concentration was 0.14. The bioavailability indices of INH in the saliva and plasma were similar in all the groups. NXC and OXC reduced the extent and rate of absorption of INH. The determination of INH levels in saliva may be useful in therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikere A Anusiem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus
| | - Sinyeofori A Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ndidi A Ezejiofor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Barikpoar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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16
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Klotoe BJ, Molina-Moya B, Gomes HM, Gomgnimbou MK, Oliveira Suzarte L, Féres Saad MH, Ali S, Dominguez J, Pimkina E, Zholdybayeva E, Sola C, Refrégier G. TB-EFI, a novel 18-Plex microbead-based method for prediction of second-line drugs and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 152:10-17. [PMID: 29913189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Several diagnostic tests are being developed to detect drug resistance in tuberculosis. In line with previous developments detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance using microbead-based systems (spoligoriftyping and TB-SPRINT), we present here an assay called TB-EFI detecting mutations involved in resistance to ethambutol, fluoroquinolones and the three classical injectable drugs (kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The proposed test includes both wild-type and mutant probes for each targeted locus. Basic analysis can be performed manually. An upgraded interpretation is made available in Excel 2016®. Using a reference set of 61 DNA extracts, we show that TB-EFI provides perfect concordance with pyrosequencing. Concordance between genotypic resistance and phenotypic DST was relatively good (72 to 98% concordance), with lower efficiency for fluoroquinolones and ethambutol due to some untargeted mutations. When compared to phenotypical resistance, performances were similar to those obtained with Hain MTBDRsl assay, possibly thanks to the use of automatized processing of data although some mutations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance could not be included. When applied on three uncharacterized sets, phenotype could be predicted for 51% to 98% depending on the setting and the drug investigated, detecting one extensively drug-resistant isolate in each of a Pakistan and a Brazilian set of 91 samples, and 9 XDR among 43 multi-resistant Kazakhstan samples. By allowing high-throughput detection of second-line drugs resistance and of resistance to ethambutol that is often combined to second-line treatments, TB-EFI is a cost-effective assay for large-scale worldwide surveillance of resistant tuberculosis and XDR-TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice J Klotoe
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Barbara Molina-Moya
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Harrison Magdinier Gomes
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michel K Gomgnimbou
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Univ. Polytech, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Lorenna Oliveira Suzarte
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Maria H Féres Saad
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - 20245, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sajid Ali
- Microbiology Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - José Dominguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Edita Pimkina
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Zholdybayeva
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Christophe Sola
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Guislaine Refrégier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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17
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Kuo CY, Wang WH, Huang CH, Chen YH, Lu PL. Resistance to first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs in Southern Taiwan: Implications for empirical treatment. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Arranz-Trullén J, Lu L, Pulido D, Bhakta S, Boix E. Host Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promise of New Treatment Strategies against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1499. [PMID: 29163551 PMCID: PMC5681943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a devastating infectious disease and remerges as a global health emergency due to an alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance to its treatment. Despite of the serious effort that has been applied to develop effective antitubercular chemotherapies, the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remains underexploited. A large amount of literature is now accessible on the AMP mechanisms of action against a diversity of pathogens; nevertheless, research on their activity on mycobacteria is still scarce. In particular, there is an urgent need to integrate all available interdisciplinary strategies to eradicate extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. In this context, we should not underestimate our endogenous antimicrobial proteins and peptides as ancient players of the human host defense system. We are confident that novel antibiotics based on human AMPs displaying a rapid and multifaceted mechanism, with reduced toxicity, should significantly contribute to reverse the tide of antimycobacterial drug resistance. In this review, we have provided an up to date perspective of the current research on AMPs to be applied in the fight against TB. A better understanding on the mechanisms of action of human endogenous peptides should ensure the basis for the best guided design of novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Trullén
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Lu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Pulido
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Boix
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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19
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Ali MK, Karanja S, Karama M. Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients attending tuberculosis treatment centres in 2016-2017 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 28:197. [PMID: 29610635 PMCID: PMC5878850 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.197.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction World Health Organization (WHO) reported that tuberculosis (TB) was a major health problem and the second leading cause of mortality globally. An estimated 1.8 million TB deaths were reported in 2015. In Somalia, the average TB incidence was 274 cases per 100,000 people in 2014; prevalence was 513 per 100,000 population; and mortality rate excluding human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/TB co-infection was 64/100,000. In addition, the prevalence rates of multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB are still high, 5.2% among new cases and 40.7% for retreatment cases. The objective of this study was to determine individual and institutional level factors associated with TB treatment outcomes (TB-TOs) among patients attending TBTCs in Mogadishu. Methods The study design was cross-sectional, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was collected using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires and key in-depth interviews in 2016/2017. Qualitative data was coded using NVIVO8 and quantitative data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% confidence interval using SPSS20 software. Results The study used a sample of 385 TB patients. There were 315(81.8%) successful TB-TOs. Individual level factors-marital status, education level, HIV status, treatment category and knowledge on TB influenced TB-TOs (p-value < 0.05). Being married, educated, HIV-negative, new treatment case and knowledgeable on TB increased odds of successful TB-TOs (OR > 0, p value < 0.05) compared to other patients. TBTCs factors did not influence TB-TOs (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion TB-TOs were mainly affected by patient individual factors. There was need for patient education on TB management and treatment; and improved patient-health provider relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Khalif Ali
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Simon Karanja
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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20
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Subramani R, Narayanasamy M, Feussner KD. Plant-derived antimicrobials to fight against multi-drug-resistant human pathogens. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:172. [PMID: 28660459 PMCID: PMC5489455 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a pivotal concern for public health that has accelerated the search for new antimicrobial molecules from nature. Numbers of human pathogens have inevitably evolved to become resistant to various currently available drugs causing considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is apparent that novel antibiotics are urgently warranted to combat these life-threatening pathogens. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies to discover new bioactive compounds from plant origin with the hope to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review attempts to focus and record the plant-derived compounds and plant extracts against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and malarial parasites Plasmodium spp. reported between 2005 and 2015. During this period, a total of 110 purified compounds and 60 plant extracts were obtained from 112 different plants. The plants reviewed in this study belong to 70 different families reported from 36 countries around the world. The present review also discusses the drug resistance in bacteria and emphasizes the urge for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subramani
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Natabua Campus, Lautoka, Fiji.
| | | | - Klaus-D Feussner
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Conservation, Institute of Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
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21
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Khan MS, Hutchison C, Coker RJ. Risk factors that may be driving the emergence of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients treated in Yangon, Myanmar. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177999. [PMID: 28614357 PMCID: PMC5470668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of new tuberculosis cases emerging every year occur in low and middle-income countries where public health systems are often characterised by weak infrastructure and inadequate resources. This study investigates healthcare seeking behaviour, knowledge and treatment of tuberculosis patients in Myanmar—which is facing an acute drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic—and identifies factors that may increase the risk of emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods We randomly selected adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed between September 2014 and March 2015 at ten public township health centres in Yangon, the largest city in Myanmar. Data on patients’ healthcare seeking behaviour, treatment at the township health centres, co-morbidities and knowledge was collected through patient interviews and extraction from hospital records. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted. Results Of 404 TB patients selected to participate in the study, 11 had died since diagnosis, resulting in 393 patients being included in the final analysis. Results indicate that a high proportion of patients (16%; 95% CI = 13–20) did not have a treatment supporter assigned to improve adherence to medication, with men being more likely to have no treatment supporter assigned. Use of private healthcare providers was very common; 59% (54–64) and 30.3% (25.9–35.0) of patients reported first seeking care at private clinics and pharmacies respectively. We found that 8% (6–11) of tuberculosis patients had confirmed diabetes. Most patients had some knowledge about tuberculosis transmission and the consequences of missing treatment. However, 5% (3–8) stated that they miss taking tuberculosis medicines at least weekly, and patients with no knowledge of consequences of missing treatment were more likely to miss doses. Conclusions This study analysed healthcare seeking behaviour and treatment related practices of tuberculosis patients being managed under operational conditions in a fragile health system. Findings indicate that ensuring that treatment adherence support is arranged for all patients, monitoring of response to treatment among the high proportion of tuberculosis patients with diabetes and engagement with private healthcare providers could be strategies addressed to reduce the risk of emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal S Khan
- Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Coll Hutchison
- Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Coker
- Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Ilin AI, Kulmanov ME, Korotetskiy IS, Islamov RA, Akhmetova GK, Lankina MV, Reva ON. Genomic Insight into Mechanisms of Reversion of Antibiotic Resistance in Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induced by a Nanomolecular Iodine-Containing Complex FS-1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:151. [PMID: 28534009 PMCID: PMC5420568 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug induced reversion of antibiotic resistance is a promising way to combat multidrug resistant infections. However, lacking knowledge of mechanisms of drug resistance reversion impedes employing this approach in medicinal therapies. Induction of antibiotic resistance reversion by a new anti-tuberculosis drug FS-1 has been reported. FS-1 was used in this work in combination with standard anti-tuberculosis antibiotics in an experiment on laboratory guinea pigs infected with an extensively drug resistant (XDR) strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis SCAID 187.0. During the experimental trial, genetic changes in the population were analyzed by sequencing of M. tuberculosis isolates followed by variant calling. In total 11 isolates obtained from different groups of infected animals at different stages of disease development and treatment were sequenced. It was found that despite the selective pressure of antibiotics, FS-1 caused a counter-selection of drug resistant variants that speeded up the recovery of the infected animals from XDR tuberculosis. Drug resistance mutations reported in the genome of the initial strain remained intact in more sensitive isolates obtained in this experiment. Variant calling in the sequenced genomes revealed that the drug resistance reversion could be associated with a general increase in genetic heterogeneity of the population of M. tuberculosis. Accumulation of mutations in PpsA and PpsE subunits of phenolpthiocerol polyketide synthase was observed in the isolates treated with FS-1 that may indicate an increase of persisting variants in the population. It was hypothesized that FS-1 caused an active counter-selection of drug resistant variants from the population by aggravating the cumulated fitness cost of the drug resistance mutations. Action of FS-1 on drug resistant bacteria exemplified the theoretically predicted induced synergy mechanism of drug resistance reversion. An experimental model to study the drug resistance reversion phenomenon is hereby introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rinat A Islamov
- Scientific Center for Anti-Infectious DrugsAlmaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Oleg N Reva
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
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23
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Dheda K, Gumbo T, Maartens G, Dooley KE, McNerney R, Murray M, Furin J, Nardell EA, London L, Lessem E, Theron G, van Helden P, Niemann S, Merker M, Dowdy D, Van Rie A, Siu GKH, Pasipanodya JG, Rodrigues C, Clark TG, Sirgel FA, Esmail A, Lin HH, Atre SR, Schaaf HS, Chang KC, Lange C, Nahid P, Udwadia ZF, Horsburgh CR, Churchyard GJ, Menzies D, Hesseling AC, Nuermberger E, McIlleron H, Fennelly KP, Goemaere E, Jaramillo E, Low M, Jara CM, Padayatchi N, Warren RM. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and incurable tuberculosis. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 5:S2213-2600(17)30079-6. [PMID: 28344011 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Global tuberculosis incidence has declined marginally over the past decade, and tuberculosis remains out of control in several parts of the world including Africa and Asia. Although tuberculosis control has been effective in some regions of the world, these gains are threatened by the increasing burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. XDR tuberculosis has evolved in several tuberculosis-endemic countries to drug-incurable or programmatically incurable tuberculosis (totally drug-resistant tuberculosis). This poses several challenges similar to those encountered in the pre-chemotherapy era, including the inability to cure tuberculosis, high mortality, and the need for alternative methods to prevent disease transmission. This phenomenon mirrors the worldwide increase in antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of other MDR pathogens, such as malaria, HIV, and Gram-negative bacteria. MDR and XDR tuberculosis are associated with high morbidity and substantial mortality, are a threat to health-care workers, prohibitively expensive to treat, and are therefore a serious public health problem. In this Commission, we examine several aspects of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The traditional view that acquired resistance to antituberculous drugs is driven by poor compliance and programmatic failure is now being questioned, and several lines of evidence suggest that alternative mechanisms-including pharmacokinetic variability, induction of efflux pumps that transport the drug out of cells, and suboptimal drug penetration into tuberculosis lesions-are likely crucial to the pathogenesis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. These factors have implications for the design of new interventions, drug delivery and dosing mechanisms, and public health policy. We discuss epidemiology and transmission dynamics, including new insights into the fundamental biology of transmission, and we review the utility of newer diagnostic tools, including molecular tests and next-generation whole-genome sequencing, and their potential for clinical effectiveness. Relevant research priorities are highlighted, including optimal medical and surgical management, the role of newer and repurposed drugs (including bedaquiline, delamanid, and linezolid), pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, preventive strategies (such as prophylaxis in MDR and XDR contacts), palliative and patient-orientated care aspects, and medicolegal and ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertan Dheda
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly E Dooley
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth McNerney
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward A Nardell
- TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie London
- School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Grant Theron
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul van Helden
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - David Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annelies Van Rie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; International Health Unit, Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilman K H Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jotam G Pasipanodya
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frik A Sirgel
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Aliasgar Esmail
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hsien-Ho Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sachin R Atre
- Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - H Simon Schaaf
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kwok Chiu Chang
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, German Center for Infection Research, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; International Health/Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Payam Nahid
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zarir F Udwadia
- Pulmonary Department, Hinduja Hospital & Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Gavin J Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Advancing Treatment and Care for TB/HIV, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dick Menzies
- Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anneke C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin P Fennelly
- Pulmonary Clinical Medicine Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Goemaere
- MSF South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Marcus Low
- Treatment Action Campaign, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), MRC HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Robin M Warren
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research/DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Transmission Electron Microscopy of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Grown on High Dose of Ofloxacin. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:scipharm85010003. [PMID: 28157163 PMCID: PMC5387365 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate behavior of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates under a high dose of ofloxacin and its morphological changes. 19 extensively drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of MTB were grown on Löwenstein–Jensen medium containing progressively increasing concentrations of ofloxacin (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg/L). Ultra-structure analyses of resistant isolates grown on ofloxacin were conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fixation was carried out by 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer on 300 mesh carbon formvar copper grid. The samples were negatively stained with uranium acetate suspension. All 19 XDR MTB isolates were grown and formed colonies successfully on 2, 4, 8 mg/L, seven isolates on 16 mg/L, and four isolates on 32 mg/L ofloxacin. Morphological changes and unusual forms were detected in 8, 16 and 32 mg/L ofloxacin at 43%, 76.5% and 81% of cells, respectively. Swollen form (protoplast like), ghost-like cell, degraded forms, and in a few cases, detached cytoplasm from cell wall were clearly detected in high drug concentrations in comparison to control. Changes in morphology were increased with increasing ofloxacin concentrations (p < 0.05). Some XDR isolates could be successfully grown on high doses of ofloxacin (32 mg/L), but with changes in morphology. It was concluded that several magnitudes of the drug doses could not prevent growth of drug resistant forms.
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Jiménez-Arellanes MA, Gutiérrez-Rebolledo GA, Meckes-Fischer M, León-Díaz R. Medical plant extracts and natural compounds with a hepatoprotective effect against damage caused by antitubercular drugs: A review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1141-1149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Appana D, Joseph L, Paken J. An audiological profile of patients infected with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2016; 63:e1-e12. [PMID: 28155306 PMCID: PMC5843187 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v63i1.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased incidence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the consequent use of aminoglycosides with their ototoxic potential necessitate a better understanding of the audiological pattern of infected patients. OBJECTIVE To describe the occurrence and nature of hearing loss in patients with MDR-TB receiving aminoglycosides over a period of 6 months. METHODS Baseline and five consecutive monthly audiological assessments were conducted on 52 adults at a hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. A longitudinal descriptive study was implemented. A conventional audiological test battery, extended high frequency audiometry and otoacoustic emission testing were conducted. Data were analysed using SPSS version 19 statistical software package. RESULTS Decreased hearing was the most common audiological symptom experienced. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was predominant. Ototoxic hearing loss was noted in 27 participants (52%) in 1 month post-treatment. Hearing loss progressed from mild to moderate at post-treatment one, to moderate to severe at post-treatment three and severe to profound at post-treatment five. Changes in hearing function were noted in 52 participants (100%) by post-treatment five. High and ultra-high frequencies were most affected. Speech discrimination scores deteriorated over time. The number of patients with absent distortion product otoacoustic emissions increased over treatment duration. CONCLUSION The greatest effects were observed in the high frequencies before manifesting in the lower frequencies. This highlights the importance of inclusion of high frequency audiometry in the early detection of ototoxicity which can go undiagnosed with traditional audiometry. The high prevalence of hearing loss has implications for the provision of audiological service to this patient population.
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Dziadek B, Brzostek A, Grzybowski M, Fol M, Krupa A, Kryczka J, Plocinski P, Kurdowska A, Dziadek J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis AtsG (Rv0296c), GlmU (Rv1018c) and SahH (Rv3248c) Proteins Function as the Human IL-8-Binding Effectors and Contribute to Pathogen Entry into Human Neutrophils. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148030. [PMID: 26829648 PMCID: PMC4734655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an extremely successful intracellular pathogen that has evolved a broad spectrum of pathogenic mechanisms that enable its manipulation of host defense elements and its survival in the hostile environment inside phagocytes. Cellular influx into the site of mycobacterial entry is mediated by a variety of chemokines, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the innate cytokine network is critical for the development of an adaptive immune response and infection control. Using affinity chromatography, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance techniques, we identified M. tuberculosis AtsG arylsulphatase, bifunctional glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GlmU) and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SahH) as the pathogen proteins that bind to human IL-8. The interactions of all of the identified proteins (AtsG, GlmU and SahH) with IL-8 were characterized by high binding affinity with KD values of 6.83x10-6 M, 5.24x10-6 M and 7.14x10-10 M, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of Mtb mutant strains overproducing AtsG, GlmU or SahH allowed determination of the contribution of these proteins to mycobacterial entry into human neutrophils. The significantly increased number of intracellularly located bacilli of the overproducing M. tuberculosis mutant strains compared with those of “wild-type” M. tuberculosis and the binding interaction of AtsG, GlmU and SahH proteins with human IL-8 may indicate that these proteins participate in the modulation of the early events of infection with tubercle bacilli and could affect pathogen attachment to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Brzostek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Grzybowski
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Plocinski
- Laboratory of RNA Biology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kurdowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The in vivo effects of norfloxacin (NXC) and ofloxacin (OXC) on rifampicin (RIF) pharmacokinetics were investigated in 5 apparently healthy volunteers aged 18-39 years after informed consent. The study was carried out in 3 phases with an interval drug washout period of at least 1 week in between the phases. In phase 1 (RIF alone), the subject received 600 mg of RIF. In phase 2 (RIF + OXC), 600 mg of RIF was coadministered with 200 mg of OXC. In phase 3 (RIF + NXC), each subject received 600 mg of RIF together with 400 mg of NXC after 1 week drug washout period. Drugs were taken orally with 350 mL of water after an overnight fast, and the subjects fasted 3 hours after the administration of drug. Plasma, saliva, and urine concentration of RIF were predetermined at 0 hour and then hourly until the 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour. The urine samples were further collected at 72 hours after drug(s) administration using validated methods. Various pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated. NXC reduced the extent and rate of absorption of RIF. Various pharmacokinetic parameters of RIF significantly differ when administered alone or in combination with OXC and NXC. The mean saliva to plasma ratio of RIF concentration was approximately 0.15. The bioavailability indices of RIF in the saliva and plasma were similar in all the groups. Several pharmacokinetic parameters could be calculated using different body fluid concentrations of RIF. The determination of RIF levels in saliva may be useful in therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Loveday M, Wallengren K, Brust J, Roberts J, Voce A, Margot B, Ngozo J, Master I, Cassell G, Padayatchi N. Community-based care vs. centralised hospitalisation for MDR-TB patients, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:163-71. [PMID: 25574914 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, a predominantly rural province with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective care model by comparing MDR-TB treatment outcomes at community-based sites with traditional care at a central, specialised hospital. DESIGN A non-randomised observational prospective cohort study comparing community-based and centralised care. Patients at community-based sites were closer to home and had easier access to care, and home-based care was available from treatment initiation. RESULTS Four community-based sites treated 736 patients, while 813 were treated at the centralised hospital (total = 1549 patients). Overall, 75% were HIV co-infected (community: 76% vs. hospitalised: 73%, P = 0.45) and 86% received antiretroviral therapy (community: 91% vs. hospitalised: 82%, P = 0.22). On multivariate analysis, MDR-TB patients were more likely to have a successful treatment outcome if they were treated at a community-based site (adjusted OR 1.43, P = 0.01). However, outcomes at the four community-based sites were heterogeneous, with Site 1 demonstrating that home-based care was associated with an increased treatment success of 72% compared with success rates of 52-60% at the other three sites. CONCLUSION Community-based care for MDR-TB patients was more effective than care in a central, specialised hospital. Home-based care further increased treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loveday
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Wallengren
- TB and HIV Investigative Network (Think), Durban, South Africa
| | - J Brust
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center & Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Roberts
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A Voce
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - B Margot
- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - J Ngozo
- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - I Master
- King Dinuzulu Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - G Cassell
- Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
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Tankeo SB, Damen F, Awouafack MD, Mpetga J, Tane P, Eloff JN, Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts, fractions and compounds from Fagara tessmannii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:275-279. [PMID: 25937257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii is a shrub of the African rainforests used to treat bacterial infections, cancers, swellings and inflammation. In the present study, the methanol extract from the leaves (FTL), bark (FTB), and roots (FTR) of this plant as well as fractions (FTR1-5) and compounds isolated from FTR namely β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), nitidine chloride (2) and buesgenine (3), were tested for their antimicrobial activities against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria including multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the above samples; Column chromatography was used for the fractionation and purification of the roots extract whilst the chemical structures of compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS Results of the MIC determinations indicated that the crude extracts from the roots as well as fraction FTRa4 were active on all the 26 tested bacterial strains. MIC values below 100µg/mL were obtained with roots, leaves and bark extract respectively against 30.8%, 15.4% and 11.5% tested bacteria. The lowest MIC value below of 8µg/mL was obtained with extract from the roots against Escherichia coli MC100 strain. The lowest MIC value of 4µg/mL was also obtained with compound 3 against E. coli AG102 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296 CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that F. tessmannii is a potential source of antimicrobial drugs to fight against MDR bacteria. Benzophenanthrine alkaloids 2 and 3 are the main antibacterial consituents of the roots of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simplice B Tankeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maurice D Awouafack
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - James Mpetga
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Tane
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacobus N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
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Mulu W, Mekonnen D, Yimer M, Admassu A, Abera B. Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in Amhara National Regional State. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:368-77. [PMID: 26124781 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors of MDR-TB patients in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS Case-control study was conducted from May 2013 to January 2014. Resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid were done molecularly using line probe assay. TB patients infected with MDR-M.tuberculosis and non MDR-M.tuberculosis strain were considered as cases and controls, respectively. Data was collected using structured questionnaire with face to face interview. Patients' clinical record review was also done.Multivariate analysis was computed to determine the risk factors of MDR-TB. RESULTS A total of 153 MDR-TB and equal number of non MDR-TB patients' participated in the study. Patients who had TB treatment failure (AOR=13.5,CI=2.69-70), cavitations on chest x-ray (AOR=1.9,CI=1.1-3.38) and contact with MDR-TB patients (AOR=1.4,CI=0.19-0.39) were more likely to be MDR-TB patients. Low monthly income (AOR=1.1,CI=0.34-0.47),alcohol consumption (AOR=1.5,CI=0.2-0.98) and young age (AOR=2.9,CI=1.07-7.68) were the other risk factors of MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS TB treatment failure, cavitation on chest X-ray, contact with MDR-TB patients and low socioeconomic status were important risk factors for development of MDR-TB. Therefore, strict adherence to directly observed therapy, appropriate management of TB patients and advice on the value of nutrients are helpful to control the spreading of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondemagegn Mulu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Yimer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Aschalew Admassu
- Department of Regional Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Bayeh Abera
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
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Aro AO, Dzoyem JP, Hlokwe TM, Madoroba E, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Some South African Rubiaceae Tree Leaf Extracts Have Antimycobacterial Activity Against Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Mycobacterium
Species. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1004-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O. Aro
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| | - Jean P. Dzoyem
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Dschang; Dschang Cameroon
| | - Tiny M. Hlokwe
- Bacteriology Section; Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute; Private Bag X5 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Bacteriology Section; Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute; Private Bag X5 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
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Timofeeva LM, Kleshcheva NA, Shleeva MO, Filatova MP, Simonova YA, Ermakov YA, Kaprelyants AS. Nonquaternary poly(diallylammonium) polymers with different amine structure and their biocidal effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2557-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is a rapid, cheap, screening test for the in vitro anti-tuberculous activity of chalcones. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 104:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Voynikov Y, Valcheva V, Momekov G, Peikov P, Stavrakov G. Theophylline-7-acetic acid derivatives with amino acids as anti-tuberculosis agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3043-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Loveday M, Padayatchi N, Voce A, Brust J, Wallengren K. The treatment journey of a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: is it patient-centred? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 17:56-59. [PMID: 24020603 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment of patients co-infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus, we measured the relationship between treatment outcomes and hospital performance at four decentralised MDR-TB sites in South Africa. We describe hospital performance from the patient's perspective by the use of a graphic that visually represents a patient's treatment journey. The graphic was used to report study findings to study sites and as a catalyst for a quality improvement process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loveday
- Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - A Voce
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J Brust
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center & Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - K Wallengren
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Durban, South Africa
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Association between health systems performance and treatment outcomes in patients co-infected with MDR-TB and HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for TB programmes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94016. [PMID: 24718306 PMCID: PMC3981751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the treatment of MDR-TB and HIV co-infected patients, we investigated the relationship between health system performance and patient treatment outcomes at 4 decentralised MDR-TB sites. METHODS In this mixed methods case study which included prospective comparative data, we measured health system performance using a framework of domains comprising key health service components. Using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficients we quantified the direction and magnitude of the association between health system performance and MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Qualitative data from participant observation and interviews analysed using systematic text condensation (STC) complemented our quantitative findings. FINDINGS We found significant differences in treatment outcomes across the sites with successful outcomes varying from 72% at Site 1 to 52% at Site 4 (p<0.01). Health systems performance scores also varied considerably across the sites. Our findings suggest there is a correlation between treatment outcomes and overall health system performance which is significant (r = 0.99, p<0.01), with Site 1 having the highest number of successful treatment outcomes and the highest health system performance. Although the 'integration' domain, which measured integration of MDR-TB services into existing services appeared to have the strongest association with successful treatment outcomes (r = 0.99, p<0.01), qualitative data indicated that the 'context' domain influenced the other domains. CONCLUSION We suggest that there is an association between treatment outcomes and health system performance. The chance of treatment success is greater if decentralised MDR-TB services are integrated into existing services. To optimise successful treatment outcomes, regular monitoring and support are needed at a district, facility and individual level to ensure the local context is supportive of new programmes and implementation is according to guidelines.
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Rostirolla DC, Milech de Assunção T, Bizarro CV, Basso LA, Santos DS. Biochemical characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IMP dehydrogenase: kinetic mechanism, metal activation and evidence of a cooperative system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proposed kinetic mechanism forMtIMPDH in the presence of K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Rostirolla
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde
| | | | - Cristiano Valim Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde
| | - Diogenes Santiago Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
- Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde
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Robles-Zepeda RE, Coronado-Aceves EW, Velázquez-Contreras CA, Ruiz-Bustos E, Navarro-Navarro M, Garibay-Escobar A. In vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of nine medicinal plants used by ethnic groups in Sonora, Mexico. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:329. [PMID: 24267469 PMCID: PMC4222557 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Sonoran ethnic groups (Yaquis, Mayos, Seris, Guarijíos, Pimas, Kikapúes and Pápagos) use mainly herbal based preparations as their first line of medicinal treatment. Among the plants used are those with anti-tuberculosis properties; however, no formal research is available. Methods Organic extracts were obtained from nine medicinal plants traditionally used by Sonoran ethnic groups to treat different kinds of diseases; three of them are mainly used to treat tuberculosis. All of the extracts were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Alamar Blue redox bioassay. Results Methanolic extracts from Ambrosia confertiflora, Ambrosia ambrosioides and Guaiacum coulteri showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 200, 790 and 1000 μg/mL, respectively, whereas no effect was observed with the rest of the methanolic extracts at the concentrations tested. Chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts from Ambrosia confertiflora showed a MIC of 90, 120 and 160 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions A. confertiflora and A. ambrosioides showed the best anti-mycobacterial activity in vitro. The activity of Guaiacum coulteri is consistent with the traditional use by Sonoran ethnic groups as anti-tuberculosis agent. For these reasons, it is important to investigate a broader spectrum of medicinal plants in order to find compounds active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Lalor MK, Greig J, Allamuratova S, Althomsons S, Tigay Z, Khaemraev A, Braker K, Telnov O, du Cros P. Risk factors associated with default from multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, Uzbekistan: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78364. [PMID: 24223148 PMCID: PMC3819387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Médecins Sans Frontières project of Uzbekistan has provided multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in the Karakalpakstan region since 2003. Rates of default from treatment have been high, despite psychosocial support, increasing particularly since programme scale-up in 2007. We aimed to determine factors associated with default in multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients who started treatment between 2003 and 2008 and thus had finished approximately 2 years of treatment by the end of 2010. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients enrolled in treatment between 2003 and 2008 compared baseline demographic characteristics and possible risk factors for default. Default was defined as missing ≥60 consecutive days of treatment (all drugs). Data were routinely collected during treatment and entered in a database. Potential risk factors for default were assessed in univariate analysis using chi-square test and in multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results 20% (142/710) of patients defaulted after a median of 6 months treatment (IQR 2.6–9.9). Factors associated with default included severity of resistance patterns (pre-extensively drug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis adjusted odds ratio 0.52, 95%CI: 0.31–0.86), previous default (2.38, 1.09–5.24) and age >45 years (1.77, 1.10–2.87). The default rate was 14% (42/294) for patients enrolled 2003–2006 and 24% (100/416) for 2007–2008 enrolments (p = 0.001). Conclusions Default from treatment was high and increased with programme scale-up. It is essential to ensure scale-up of treatment is accompanied with scale-up of staff and patient support. A successful first course of tuberculosis treatment is important; patients who had previously defaulted were at increased risk of default and death. The protective effect of severe resistance profiles suggests that understanding disease severity or fear may motivate against default. Targeted health education and support for at-risk patients after 5 months of treatment when many begin to feel better may decrease default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve K. Lalor
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Nukus, Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jane Greig
- Médecins Sans Frontières, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Kai Braker
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Berlin, Germany
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Adverse events in an integrated home-based treatment program for MDR-TB and HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 62:436-40. [PMID: 23254152 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31828175ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Africa are HIV-infected, but the safety and tolerability of cotreatment are unknown. The authors reviewed all adverse events (AEs) for patients with MDR-TB in a home-based treatment program in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Of 91 MDR-TB patients, 74 (81%) were HIV-positive and receiving antiretroviral therapy. AEs were common, but most were mild and did not require therapy modification. The most common severe AEs were hypothyroidism (36%) and psychosis (5%). Patients receiving concurrent antiretroviral therapy did not experience AEs more frequently than those on MDR-TB therapy alone. Concurrent treatment for MDR-TB/HIV can be safely administered in a home-based care setting.
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Tuberculosis-spoligo-rifampin-isoniazid typing: an all-in-one assay technique for surveillance and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis on Luminex devices. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3527-34. [PMID: 23966495 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01523-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a follow-up of the "spoligoriftyping" development, we present here an extension of this technique which includes the detection of isoniazid resistance-associated mutations in a new 59-plex assay, i.e., tuberculosis-spoligo-rifampin-isoniazid typing (TB-SPRINT), running on microbead-based multiplexed systems. This assay improves the synergy between clinical microbiology and epidemiology by providing (i) mutation-based prediction of drug resistance profiles for patient treatment and (ii) genotyping data for tuberculosis (TB) surveillance. This third-generation microbead-based high-throughput assay for TB runs on the Luminex 200 system and on the recently launched MagPix system (Luminex, Austin, TX). Spoligotyping patterns obtained by the TB-SPRINT method were 100% (n = 85 isolates; 3,655/3,655 spoligotype data points) concordant with those obtained by microbead-based and membrane-based spoligotyping. Genetic drug susceptibility typing provided by the TB-SPRINT method was 100% concordant with resistance locus sequencing (n = 162 for rpoB gene sequencing and n = 76 for katG and inhA sequencing). Considering phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) as the reference method, the sensitivity and specificity of TB-SPRINT regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n = 162 isolates) rifampin resistance were both 100%, and those for isoniazid resistance were 90.4% (95% confidence interval, 85 to 95%) and 100%, respectively. Used routinely in national TB reference and specialized laboratories, the TB-SPRINT assay should simultaneously improve personalized medicine and epidemiological surveillance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. This assay is expected to play an emerging role in public health in countries with heavy burdens of MDR TB and/or HIV/TB coinfection. Application of this assay directly to biological samples, as well as development for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB detection by inclusion of second-line antituberculosis drug-associated mutations, is under development. With bioinformatical methods and data mining to reduce the number of targets to the most informative ones, locally adapted formats of this technique can easily be developed everywhere.
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Chemistry and pharmacology of 4-hydroxylonchocarpin: a review. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:475-80. [PMID: 23784469 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxylonchocarpin (LCP) or 2',4-dihydroxy-3',4'-(2,2-dimethylchromene) chalcone is a chalcone of the class flavonoid, with a molecular weight of 322 g/mol mostly isolated in the family Moraceae and Leguminosae. LCP was reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-reverse transcriptase, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, ornitnine decarboxylase activity and antioxidant. The hemisynthesis of the compound has been described. The present review was undertaken to bring out together the knowledge on LCP, and can serve as the start point for future research and valorization accomplishments.
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Kuete V, BetrandTeponno R, Mbaveng AT, Tapondjou LA, Meyer JJM, Barboni L, Lall N. Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:228. [PMID: 23176193 PMCID: PMC3528471 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Dioscorea bulbifera is an African medicinal plant used to treat microbial infections. In the present study, the methanol extract, fractions (DBB1 and DBB2) and six compounds isolated from the bulbils of D. bulbifera, namely bafoudiosbulbins A (1), B (2), C (3), F (4), G (5) and 2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene (6), were tested for their antimicrobial activities against Mycobacteria and Gram-negative bacteria involving multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes expressing active efflux pumps. Methods The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) and the broth microdilution methods were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the above samples. Results The results of the MIC determinations indicated that when tested alone, the crude extract, fractions DBB1 and DBB2 as well as compounds 2 to 5 were able to prevent the growth of all the fifteen studied microorganisms, within the concentration range of 8 to 256 μg/mL. The lowest MIC value for the methanol extract and fractions (16 μg/mL) was obtained with DBB1 and DBB2 on E, coli AG100A and DBB2 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTCS2. The lowest value for individual compounds (8 μg/mL) was recorded with compound 3 on M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis ATCC and MTCS2 strains respectively. The activity of the samples on many MDR bacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes EA289, CM64, Klebsiella pneumoniae KP63 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA124 was better than that of chloramphenicol. When tested in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, the activity of most of the samples increased. MBC values not greater than 512 μg/mL were recorded on all studied microorganisms with fraction DBB2 and compounds 2 to 5. Conclusions The overall results of the present investigation provided evidence that the crude extract D. bulbifera as well as some of the compounds and mostly compounds 3 could be considered as potential antimicrobial drugs to fight against MDR bacteria.
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Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from the twigs of Dorstenia mannii (Moraceae). Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:83. [PMID: 22747736 PMCID: PMC3403998 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dorstenia mannii (Moraceae) is a medicinal herb used traditionally for the treatment of many diseases. In the present study, the methanol extract of D. mannii and nine of its isolated compounds, namely dorsmanin A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (6), F (7), G (8) dorsmanin I (9) and 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (5), were tested for their antimicrobial activities against yeast, Mycobacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. METHODS The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) and the broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the above extract and compounds on a panel of bacterial species. RESULTS The results of the MIC determinations demonstrated that the methanol extract as well as compounds 3 and 8 were able to prevent the growth of all the fourteen studied microorganisms within the concentration range of 4 to 1024 μg/ml. The lowest MIC value for the methanol extract (64 μg/ml) was obtained on Candida albicans. The lowest value for individual compounds (4 μg/ml) was recorded with compounds 3 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and 7 on Eschericia coli ATCC strain. The MIC values recorded with compounds 3 on P. aeruginosa PA01, 6 on C. albicans,7 on P. aeruginosa PA01 and K. pneumoniae ATCC strain and C. albicans,and 8 on P. aeruginosa PA01, PA124, P. stuartii, M. tuberculosis MTCS1 were lower than or equal to those of the reference drugs. MMC values not greater than 1024 μg/ml were recorded on all studied microorganisms with compounds 3 and 8. CONCLUSION The overall results of the present investigation provided evidence that the crude extract of D. mannii as well as some of its compounds such compounds 3 and 8 could be a potential source of natural antimicrobial products.
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Gandhi NR, Andrews JR, Brust JCM, Montreuil R, Weissman D, Heo M, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Shah NS. Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:90-7. [PMID: 22236852 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Recent studies suggest that the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan Africa may be rising. This is of concern, as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB has been associated with exceedingly high mortality rates. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with mortality in MDR- and XDR-TB patients co-infected with HIV in South Africa. DESIGN Case-control study of patients who died of all causes within 2 years of diagnosis with MDR- or XDR-TB. RESULTS Among 123 MDR-TB patients, 78 (63%) died following diagnosis. CD4 count ≤ 50 (HR 4.64, P = 0.01) and 51-200 cells/mm(3) (HR 4.17, P = 0.008) were the strongest independent risk factors for mortality. Among 139 XDR-TB patients, 111 (80%) died. CD4 count ≤ 50 cells/mm(3) (HR 4.46, P = 0.01) and resistance to all six drugs tested (HR 2.54, P = 0.04) were the principal risk factors. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was protective (HR 0.34, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Mortality due to MDR- and XDR-TB was associated with greater degree of immunosuppression and drug resistance. Efforts to reduce mortality must focus on preventing the amplification of resistance by strengthening TB treatment programs, as well as reducing the pool of immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients through aggressive HIV testing and ART initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
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Zumla A, Abubakar I, Raviglione M, Hoelscher M, Ditiu L, McHugh TD, Squire SB, Cox H, Ford N, McNerney R, Marais B, Grobusch M, Lawn SD, Migliori GB, Mwaba P, O'Grady J, Pletschette M, Ramsay A, Chakaya J, Schito M, Swaminathan S, Memish Z, Maeurer M, Atun R. Drug-resistant tuberculosis--current dilemmas, unanswered questions, challenges, and priority needs. J Infect Dis 2012; 205 Suppl 2:S228-40. [PMID: 22476720 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis was declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. Following the declaration and the promotion in 1995 of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), a cost-effective strategy to contain the tuberculosis epidemic, nearly 7 million lives have been saved compared with the pre-DOTS era, high cure rates have been achieved in most countries worldwide, and the global incidence of tuberculosis has been in a slow decline since the early 2000s. However, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, and more recently, totally drug-resistant tuberculosis pose a threat to global tuberculosis control. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a man-made problem. Laboratory facilities for drug susceptibility testing are inadequate in most tuberculosis-endemic countries, especially in Africa; thus diagnosis is missed, routine surveillance is not implemented, and the actual numbers of global drug-resistant tuberculosis cases have yet to be estimated. This exposes an ominous situation and reveals an urgent need for commitment by national programs to health system improvement because the response to MDR tuberculosis requires strong health services in general. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and XDR tuberculosis greatly complicate patient management within resource-poor national tuberculosis programs, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing the cost of treatment to the extent that it could bankrupt healthcare financing in tuberculosis-endemic areas. Why, despite nearly 20 years of WHO-promoted activity and >12 years of MDR tuberculosis-specific activity, has the country response to the drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic been so ineffectual? The current dilemmas, unanswered questions, operational issues, challenges, and priority needs for global drug resistance screening and surveillance, improved treatment regimens, and management of outcomes and prevention of DR tuberculosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- University College London, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, London, UK.
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Antiprotozoal and Antimycobacterial Activities of Pure Compounds from Aristolochia elegans Rhizomes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:593403. [PMID: 22454670 PMCID: PMC3292206 DOI: 10.1155/2012/593403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the antimycobacterial activity of the hexane extract of rhizomes from Aristolochia elegans. Some compounds of this extract were purified and tested against a group of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. We also evaluated their antiprotozoal activities. The hexane extract was active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv at a MIC = 100 μg mL(-1); the pure compounds eupomatenoid-1, fargesin, and (8R,8'R,9R)-cubebin were active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC = 50 μg mL(-1)), while fargesin presented activity against three monoresistant strains of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a MDR clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis (MIC < 50 μg mL(-1)). Both the extract and eupomatenoid-1 were very active against E. histolytica and G. lamblia (IC(50) < 0.624 μg mL(-1)); in contrast, fargesin and (8R,8'R,9R)-cubebin were moderately active (IC(50) < 275 μg mL(-1)). In this context, two compounds responsible for the antimycobacterial presented by A. elegans are fargesin and cubebin, although others may exert this activity also. In addition to the antimycobacterial activity, the hexane extract has important activity against E. histolytica and G. lamblia, and eupomatenoid-1 is one of the compounds responsible for the antiparasite activity.
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Wallengren K, Scano F, Nunn P, Margot B, Buthelezi SSS, Williams B, Pym A, Samuel EY, Mirzayev F, Nkhoma W, Mvusi L, Pillay Y. Drug-Resistant tuberculosis, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2001-2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:1913-6. [PMID: 22000370 PMCID: PMC3310642 DOI: 10.3201/eid1710.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Africa, incidence and prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis have been assumed to be low. However, investigation after a 2005 outbreak of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, found that the incidence rate for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal was among the highest globally and would be higher if case-finding efforts were intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wallengren
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Kharat AN, Rahbari ZV. Antituberculosis, Antifungal and Photoluminescence Studies on a Mn(II)–Neocuproine Complex. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13263085240144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex [Mn(Me2phen)(H2O)3(MeOH)][NO3]2, (Me2phen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, neocuproine) has been prepared. Structural studies show that the [Mn (Me2phen) (H2O)3(MeOH)] cation is a six coordinate octahedral species with bidentate Me2phen and monodentate water and methanol ligands. The water molecules are hydrogen bonded to a Me2phen free ligand, which is co-crystallised in a position adjacent to the Mn complex. Face-to-face π···π stacking interactions between coordinated and free Me2phen ligand molecules generate an efficient parallel packing system in the complex, which also shows antituberculosis and antifungal activity. Photoluminescence properties are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nemati Kharat
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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