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Majzoobi MM, Macvandi MR, Basir HG, Sanaei Z, Mazaheri S, Afza M, Arabestani MR. The role of Bordetella pertussis in the development of multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35232387 PMCID: PMC8886202 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders which main cause is not identified yet. Some studies mentioned the possible role of infectious agents such as chlamydia pneumonia, mycoplasma and also, B. pertussis via asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonization. The current study aimed to investigate and compared the serum level of B. pertussis antibody and the rate of nasopharyngeal colonization by this pathogen in subjects with and without MS. Methods In this case-control study, 109 patients with MS and 114 subjects without MS referred to Sina Hospital in Hamadan in 2019 are studied and compared in terms of serum titer of B. pertussis antibody and nasopharyngeal colonization by this bacterium. Colonization was evaluated using culture and real-time PCR techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 with a 95% confidence interval. Results The serum titer of B. pertussis antibody in case and control groups was 37.8 and 35.1%, respectively (P = 0.74). Culture and real-time PCR techniques revealed no case of nasopharyngeal colonization by B. pertussis. Conclusion There was no difference between B. pertussis antibody titer and the rate of nasopharyngeal colonization between both MS patients and the healthy control group. Therefore, it seems that probably B. pertussis has not a role in MS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Majzoobi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Macvandi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ghasemi Basir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sanaei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahir Mazaheri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Afza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Macina D, Evans KE. Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Burden, and Mortality in the Middle East. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:719-738. [PMID: 33905101 PMCID: PMC8116454 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite modern diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccines and high vaccine coverage, a resurgence of pertussis (whooping cough) has been observed globally. In North America and Europe, high vaccine coverage in children has led to a shift in the age-specific peak incidence of infection away from infants and towards older children and adolescents. However, much less is known about the prevalence of pertussis in older children and adults in the Middle East. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS was undertaken to identify studies published between 1 January 1990 and 17 June 2019, with information on pertussis epidemiology, burden of illness, and mortality in school-aged children, adolescents, and adults in the Middle East. Studies identified for inclusion were reviewed narratively because a statistical comparison was not possible because of the mix of methodologies used. The results showed that surveillance data are weak or missing in most Middle Eastern countries, and among 24 epidemiological studies identified, most were from Iran (14), Israel (4), and Turkey (3), with single studies from the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. Despite various surveillance periods, clinical definitions, and antibody cut-off values used across the studies, the reported seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies suggested that adolescents and adults are commonly exposed to pertussis in the community and that vaccine-acquired immunity from childhood wanes. Few countries in the Middle East include a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster for adolescents on the national schedule. Israel was the only country with epidemiological data in a population that received Tdap, and the study showed that after the introduction of the adolescent booster dose, there was decrease in pertussis among children aged 5–14 years. To conclude, results from the Middle East suggest that in common with other regions, pertussis is widely circulating and that it might be shifting towards older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Macina
- Global Medical, Sanofi Pasteur, 14 Espace Henry Vallée, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Keith E Evans
- inScience Communications, Chowley Oak Business Park, Chowley Oak Lane, Tattenhall, Cheshire, UK
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Pertussis in Lao PDR: Seroprevalence and disease. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:282-287. [PMID: 32278108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pertussis is a debilitating vaccine-preventable infection. The aim of this study was to determine susceptibility and exposure to pertussis in Lao PDR in different age groups and subpopulations. METHODS A total 3072 serum samples were obtained from different cohorts: children with documented vaccination, pre-schoolers, schoolchildren, blood donors, healthcare workers (HCWs), and pregnant women and paired cord blood. Samples were tested for anti-pertussis toxin IgG antibodies. A history of Bordetella pertussis exposure was defined according to antibody titres. Four hundred and seventy-five throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates were analysed by PCR for the presence of B. pertussis in symptomatic children at the Children's Hospital in Vientiane. RESULTS Overall pertussis seroprevalence was 57.5%. The prevalence of titres indicating acute infection or recent vaccination or infection/vaccination within the last 12 months ranged from 7.4% (100/1356) in adults to 21.4% (25/117) in pre-schoolers (age 1-5 years). B. pertussis was detected in 1.05% (5/475) of children with respiratory symptoms in Vientiane Capital. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that routine childhood vaccination, in particular outreach, as well as vaccination of HCWs should be strengthened. A childhood booster and vaccination of pregnant mothers should be considered. There is also a need to improve reporting and to introduce pertussis testing in at least one central facility.
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Meng Q, Qian Q, Li L, Liu D, Gao W, Yuan L, Yao K. The maternal antibody against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis showed distinct regional difference in China. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:480. [PMID: 31810436 PMCID: PMC6898916 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Passive transferred antibodies to the fetus play an essential role on protecting neonates and young infants until infant vaccination is more efficacious. However, very little is known about the discrepancy of DTP vaccine associated antibodies level in neonates from different economic areas in China. Methods In 2018, 200 neonates hospitalized in Shunyi Women and Children’s Hospital in Beijing, and 238 neonates hospitalized in Qianjiang Central Hospital located in the southwestern mountainous areas were included in this study. Antibodies specific for the antigens covered by DTP vaccine were determined using ELISA Kits (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The cut off value of ≥0.1 IU/ml (anti-diphtheria, anti-Dtx), > 0.1 IU/ml (anti-tetanus, anti-Ttx) and > 40 IU/ml (anti-pertussis toxin, anti-Ptx) were used to assess the percentage of protected neonates, respectively. Results The antibody levels in the neonates from Qianjiang (0.04 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.07 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG) were significantly lower than those from Shunyi (0.12 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.18 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG). The prevalence of protective anti-Dtx and anti-Ttx IgG were lower in the neonates from Qianjiang (7.1% for anti-Dtx IgG and 7.6% for anti-Ttx IgG) than in those from Shunyi (30.5% for anti-Dtx and 38.5% for anti-Ttx). The neonates from Qianjiang also had lower detectable rate of anti-Dtx (57.5%) and anti-Ttx IgG (55.8%) than neonates from Shunyi (97.5% for anti-Dtx and 71.0% for anti-Ttx). However, the detectable rate of anti-Ptx IgG in neonates from Qianjiang (39.9%) was higher significantly than in those from Shunyi (30.5%). Two neonates from Qianjiang have anti-PT IgG ≥100.0 IU/ml, which suggested that their mothers have a recent pertussis course. Conclusions The regional discrepancy of the protective antibody rates might be caused by different vaccine coverage and pertussis exposure, which suggested the importance of Tdap booster immunization for pregnant women or women at childbearing age, those living undeveloped areas in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qinghui Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Chongqing, 409000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, 101320, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kaihu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Seroprevalence of pertussis among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study from Tunisia. Vaccine 2018; 37:109-112. [PMID: 30459070 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess pertussis seroprevalence among healthy healthcare workers (HCW) of the Children's Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia. During the study period, 236 blood samples were obtained to determine HCW exposure to pertussis. Concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to pertussis toxin (PT) were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cut-offs values used were 40 and 100 IU/ml, respectively indicative of an infection within the last year and a current/recent infection. Overall, seropositivity rate was 11.4% (95% CI 7.4-15.5) and 2.5% (95% CI 0.5-4.6) of ELISA results were indicative of a current infection. Seroprevalence was significantly most important in nurses (p = 0.03) and in participants aged 21-31y (p = 0.009). Our study confirmed that pertussis is circulating in hospital settings and affecting Tunisian HCW, in close contact with infants. Therefore, a booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine needs to be considered.
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Clinical Manifestations and Seasonality of Pertussis in Azerbaijan, Iran. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen Z, He Q. Immune persistence after pertussis vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:744-756. [PMID: 28045580 PMCID: PMC5404361 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1259780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. The true infection rate is significantly higher than the reported incidence rate. An increased prevalence of pertussis in older populations has been found, mainly caused by waning immunity after vaccination. Vaccine-induced immunity differs due to variation in vaccine content, schedule and coverage. Protection following acellular pertussis vaccines has been suggested to wane faster than whole cell pertussis vaccines. However, long-term immune persistence of whole cell pertussis vaccines may be confounded by a progressive acquisition of natural immunity. The World Health Organization has recommended that a switch from whole cell to acellular pertussis vaccines for primary immunization in infants should only be considered if additional periodic boosters or maternal immunization can be ensured and sustained in the national immunization schedules. In this review, we present data on immune persistence after different pertussis vaccinations and compare the findings from countries with different vaccination strategies. Future aspects in serological studies are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Sigera S, Perera J, Rasarathinam J, Samaranayake D, Ediriweera D. Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis specific Immunoglobulin G antibody levels among asymptomatic individuals aged 4 to 24 years: a descriptive cross sectional study from Sri Lanka. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:729. [PMID: 27905894 PMCID: PMC5133742 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Sri Lanka pertussis continues to circulate in the community and cases among adolescents and adults have been reported despite 95% coverage of the four dose pertussis vaccination during early childhood. Waning of immunity following natural infection or immunization may contribute to the persistent circulation. An adolescent booster dose is not included in the national immunization schedule of Sri Lanka, although this is routine practice in many countries. Therefore information on immunity to pertussis in the adolescent group is needed prior to considering vaccination schedule changes. Methods The quantitative determination of specific Immunoglobulin G antibodies to Bordetella pertussis toxin was done using a commercially available validated ELISA method. The antibody values were categorized into groups according to the interpretive criteria provided by the manufacturer. The values were <55 IU/mL, negative; 55–<60 IU/mL, borderline; 60–125 IU/mL, positive; >125, strongly positive respectively. Sera of 385 asymptomatic individuals aged 4 to 24 years admitted to surgical units of Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo and Colombo South Teaching Hospital were used for the study. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in analysis of results and p ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Details of epidemiological variables were collected using a questionnaire and correlation with significant levels of pertussis antibodies was determined. Results Median age of the study population was 12 years with 212 (55.1%) females. The median anti PT antibody level was 3.31 IU/mL and 352 (91%) had anti PT levels ≤55 IU/mL. Median of anti PT levels were 3.18 IU/mL for 4–7 years, 1.43 IU/mL (IQR 0.336–6.27) for 8–11 years, 4.28 IU/mL (IQR 0.978–13.39) for 12–15 years, 6.14 IU/mL for 16–19 years and 4.89 IU/mL for 20–24 years and the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.000). Females (p < 0.003) and those having a sibling aged ≥12 years (p = 0.017) had significantly higher anti PT levels. Conclusions The majority of the study population, especially 8 to 11 year age group had low anti PT IgG levels. The higher antibody titers in the 12–15 year age group seem to indicate infection in early adolescence. A booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamithra Sigera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Jennifer Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Dulani Samaranayake
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dileepa Ediriweera
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
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Sedighi I, Karimi A, Amanati A. Old Disease and New Challenges: Major Obstacles of Current Strategies in the Prevention of Pertussis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 26:e5514. [PMID: 27729960 PMCID: PMC5047029 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Universal immunization against Bordetella pertussis has partially controlled the burden of the disease and its transmission. However, according to recent data, the epidemiology of this vaccine-preventable disease has changed. Now, younger infants, adolescents, and adults are at greater risk of infection. This article has studied the interaction between the various factors involved in the changing epidemiology of pertussis and the major obstacles faced by the current strategies in its prevention. Evidence Acquisition In this narrative review, the most recently published sources of information on pertussis control measures, consisting of textbooks and articles, have been reviewed. We focused on the more recent data about the changing epidemiology or pertussis in Scopus through the use of the MeSH-term words [pertussis] or [whooping cough] and [epidemiology] or [outbreak] or [resurgence], but our search was not restricted to this particular strategy; we also tried to find all of the most recent available data in the general field through other means. Results Primary and booster doses of the pertussis vaccine seem to partially control transmission of the disease, but despite the different preventive strategies available, pertussis continues to cause mortality and morbidity among high-risk groups. Conclusions Adding booster doses of acellular pertussis vaccine to the current national immunization practices with whole-cell vaccines for young adults and pregnant women seems to be a good option for controlling mortality and morbidity among high-risk groups such as very young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sedighi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Amanati
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Amanati, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. E-mail:
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He H, Yao P, Zhou Y, Deng X, Pan J. Is Pertussis Infection Neglected in China? Evidence from a Seroepidemiology Survey in Zhejiang, an Eastern Province of China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155965. [PMID: 27223467 PMCID: PMC4880341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The resurgence of pertussis has occurred in many countries. However, the epidemiological profiles of pertussis cannot be well understood by the current surveillance system in China. This study was designed to investigate the age specific serologic evidence of antibodies against pertussis, and to offer information regarding the existence of pertussis infection in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional serosurvey was carried out in 6 counties of Zhejiang Province during September and October of 2014. The immunoglobulin G-pertussis toxin (IgG-PT) levels were measured quantitatively with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody activities were expressed in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-U/ml and a level ≥30 FDA-U/ml was considered seropositive. An IgG-PT >80 FDA-U/ml indicated recent pertussis infection if the patient had not received immunization with the pertussis vaccine within the last year. Results The mean IgG-PT seropositivity rate among the 2107 subjects was 33.32% with a geometric mean concentration of 17.73 (95% confidence interval: 16.90–18.60) FDA-U/ml. The difference in the seropositivity rates reached significant means among the different age groups (waldχ2 = 198.41, P<0.0005), and children aged 3 years had the highest percentage (63.24%) of undetectable IgG-PT level. Of the 1707 subjects ≥3 years of age, 169 (9.90%) had evidence of a recent infection. The highest proportion of IgG-PT levels ≥80 FDA-U/ml was found in ≥60 years age group followed by 11–15 and 16–25 years age groups. Conclusions This study indicates the rather lower IgG-PT level sustained 1 year after the acellular pertussis vaccine booster dose, and substantial proportion of population susceptibility to pertussis in Zhejiang Province, China. Moreover, pertussis infection is not uncommon; it was estimated that 10% of subjects were recently infected approximately within the last 100 days. We highly suggest that the surveillance capacity should be strengthened and consider introducing booster dose that protect against pertussis in 6 years old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing He
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingping Yao
- Department of Microbiology Lab, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinren Pan
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez de la Pinta ML, Castro Lareo MI, Ramon Torrell JM, García de Lomas J, Devadiga R, Reyes J, McCoig C, Tafalla M, García-Corbeira P. Seroprevalence of pertussis amongst healthcare professionals in Spain. Vaccine 2015; 34:1109-14. [PMID: 26718690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This multi-center, hospital-based observational study determined the seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies amongst healthcare professionals from three different hospitals in Spain to ascertain the health status of professionals attending to susceptible groups who are at risk of contracting and transmitting pertussis. METHODS Medical professionals from three hospitals in Spain were recruited for this study (NCT01706224). Serum samples from subjects were assessed for anti-pertussis antibodies by ELISA. The percentage of subjects positive for anti-pertussis antibodies were determined by age-strata, gender, vaccination status, professional level (physicians, nurses, ancillary nurses and midwives), hospital department, number of working years, numbers of hours spent with the patient as well as number of children in the household. RESULTS Overall, 31.2% of subjects were seropositive; 3.3% of these healthcare professionals had ELISA values indicative of current or recent infection. There were no significant differences in terms of pertussis prevalence with respect to age, gender, hospital department, profession, number of working years and number of hours spent with patients. These levels of seronegativity amongst healthcare workers further strengthen the rationale for vaccination amongst this specific population against pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josep Maria Ramon Torrell
- IDIBELL; Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan García de Lomas
- Department of Microbiology, Facultad de Medicina, Av Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Instituto Valenciano de Microbiología, Bétera, 46117 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raghavendra Devadiga
- GSK Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., CDOC-B, #5 Embassy Links, S.R.T. Road, 560052 Bangalore, India.
| | - Janet Reyes
- GSK Vaccines, C/Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cynthia McCoig
- GSK Vaccines, C/Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain.
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Barkoff AM, Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, He Q. Seroprevalence studies of pertussis: what have we learned from different immunized populations. Pathog Dis 2015. [PMID: 26208655 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is a pathogen-causing whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. Although vaccination against the disease is effective, the bacterium is still circulating among population and can even cause death. Especially young infants, who lack protection, are vulnerable. The laboratory diagnostic methods to detect B. pertussis are culture, PCR and ELISA serology. Reported cases of the disease vary among countries but usually the incidence rates are low, <1 to 10/100 000. However, pertussis often goes unrecognized among patients as it presents itself like the common cold, especially in adults and elders who are often the source of the infection. This makes pertussis difficult to monitor and control. Serological surveillance is an easy manner to estimate the real burden of the disease among population. Furthermore, to have reliable results, anti-PT IgG antibodies should be measured, as PT is the only specific antigen to B. pertussis. This review aims to evaluate available pertussis seroprevalence studies throughout the world, and to compare the findings from countries with different vaccination histories and strategies. Estimation of the real burden of pertussis is compared to reported numbers. In addition, future aspects in seroprevalence studies are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: Iran’s Next Step to Control the Disease? ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Urbiztondo L, Broner S, Costa J, Rocamora L, Bayas JM, Campins M, Esteve M, Borras E, Domínguez A, For The Study Of The Immune Status In Health Care TWG. Seroprevalence study of B. pertussis infection in health care workers in Catalonia, Spain. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:293-7. [PMID: 25483549 DOI: 10.4161/hv.36167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a re-emerging infection in countries with high infant immunization coverage. Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed and can transmit the infection to especially-vulnerable patients. Therefore, pertussis vaccination of HCW is recommended. Between June 2008 and December 2010, 460 HCW from hospital and primary healthcare centers were recruited to determine susceptibility to pertussis. IgG antibodies against pertussis (anti-pertussis ab) were measured, using a routine technique that detects antibodies against pertussis including pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). Positive results were confirmed with a more-specific technique that only assesses anti-PT IgG antibodies. The median age was 42 years (range, 21-65), 77.3% were female. 172 were nurses, 133 physicians, 60 other clinical workers and 95 non-clinical workers. None had received pertussis vaccination since childhood. The overall prevalence of anti-pertussis antibodies was 51.7%, (95% CI 47.1-56.4). Anti-PT antibodies were determined in the 220 HCW with positive anti-pertussis antibodies: 4 (1.8%) were negative and 33 (15%) had a high titer (≥ 45 IU/mL). No significant differences between the prevalence of anti-pertussis antibodies or anti-TP antibodies were found according to age, type of occupation or type of center. Our study confirms the need for vaccination of HCW because at least half are susceptible to pertussis. High anti-PT titers found in 15% of seropositive HCW showed that they had had recent contact with B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Urbiztondo
- a Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
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Seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Fresh College Students in Iran: A Multicenter Study. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.17922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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