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Class-3 Semaphorins and Their Receptors: Potent Multifunctional Modulators of Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030556. [PMID: 30696103 PMCID: PMC6387194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are the products of a large gene family containing 28 genes of which 21 are found in vertebrates. Class-3 semaphorins constitute a subfamily of seven vertebrate semaphorins which differ from the other vertebrate semaphorins in that they are the only secreted semaphorins and are distinguished from other semaphorins by the presence of a basic domain at their C termini. Class-3 semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been found to regulate immune responses, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. Most class-3 semaphorins transduce their signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin family which subsequently associate with receptors of the plexin family to form functional class-3 semaphorin receptors. Recent evidence suggests that class-3 semaphorins also fulfill important regulatory roles in multiple forms of cancer. Several class-3 semaphorins function as endogenous inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis. Others were found to inhibit tumor metastasis by inhibition of tumor lymphangiogenesis, by direct effects on the behavior of tumor cells, or by modulation of immune responses. Notably, some semaphorins such as sema3C and sema3E have also been found to potentiate tumor progression using various mechanisms. This review focuses on the roles of the different class-3 semaphorins in tumor progression.
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Story MD, Durante M. Radiogenomics. Med Phys 2018; 45:e1111-e1122. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics Applications National Institute for Nuclear Physics Trento Italy
- Department of Physics University of Trento Trento Italy
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Bourgier C, Colinge J, Aillères N, Fenoglietto P, Brengues M, Pèlegrin A, Azria D. [Radiomics: Definition and clinical development]. Cancer Radiother 2015; 19:532-7. [PMID: 26344440 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal in radiation oncology is to offer a personalized treatment to all patients indicated for radiotherapy. Radiomics is a tool that reinforces a deep analysis of tumors at the molecular aspect taking into account intrinsic susceptibility in a long-term follow-up. Radiomics allow qualitative and quantitative performance analyses with high throughput extraction of numeric radiologic data to obtain predictive or prognostic information from patients treated for cancer. A second approach is to define biological or constitutional that could change the practice. This technique included normal tissue individual susceptibility but also potential response of tumors under ionizing radiation treatment. These "omics" are biological and technical techniques leading to simultaneous novel identification and exploration a set of genes, lipids, proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bourgier
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Université Montpellier 1, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Pôle de radiothérapie oncologique, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - J Colinge
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Université Montpellier 1, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - N Aillères
- Pôle de radiothérapie oncologique, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - P Fenoglietto
- Pôle de radiothérapie oncologique, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - M Brengues
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Université Montpellier 1, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Pôle de radiothérapie oncologique, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - A Pèlegrin
- Pôle de radiothérapie oncologique, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - D Azria
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Université Montpellier 1, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Pôle de radiothérapie oncologique, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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Yang XH, Wang B, Cunningham JM. Identification of epigenetic modifications that contribute to pathogenesis in therapy-related AML: Effective integration of genome-wide histone modification with transcriptional profiles. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 2:S6. [PMID: 26043758 PMCID: PMC4460748 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s2-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapy-related, secondary acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is an increasingly frequent complication of intensive chemotherapy. This malignancy is often characterized by abnormalities of chromosome 7, including large deletions or chromosomal loss. A variety of studies suggest that decreased expression of the EZH2 gene located at 7q36.1 is critical in disease pathogenesis. This histone methyltransferase has been implicated in transcriptional repression through modifying histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3k27). However, the critical target genes of EZH2 and their regulatory roles remain unclear. Method To characterize the subset of EZH2 target genes that might contribute to t-AML pathogenesis, we developed a novel computational analysis to integrate tissue-specific histone modifications and genome-wide transcriptional regulation. Initial integrative analysis utilized a novel "seq2gene" strategy to explore largely the target genes of chromatin immuneprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) enriched regions. By combining seq2gene with our Phenotype-Genotype-Network (PGNet) algorithm, we enriched genes with similar expression profiles and genomic or functional characteristics into "biomodules". Results Initial studies identified SEMA3A (semaphoring 3A) as a novel oncogenic candidate that is regulated by EZH2-silencing, using data derived from both normal and leukemic cell lines as well as murine cells deficient in EZH2. A microsatellite marker at the SEMA3A promoter has been associated with chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity. Notably, our subsequent studies in primary t-AML demonstrate an expected up-regulation of SEMA3A that is EZH2-modulated. Furthermore, we have identified three biomodules that are co-expressed with SEMA3A and up-regulated in t-AML, one of which consists of previously characterized EZH2-repressed gene targets. The other two biomodules include MAPK8 and TATA box targets. Together, our studies suggest an important role for EZH2 targets in t-AML pathogenesis that warrants further study. Conclusion These developed computational algorithms and systems biology strategies will enhance the knowledge discovery and hypothesis-driven analysis of multiple next generation sequencing data, for t-AML and other complex diseases.
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Bourgier C, Lacombe J, Solassol J, Mange A, Pèlegrin A, Ozsahin M, Azria D. Late side-effects after curative intent radiotherapy: Identification of hypersensitive patients for personalized strategy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 93:312-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA. The emerging role of class-3 semaphorins and their neuropilin receptors in oncology. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1663-87. [PMID: 25285016 PMCID: PMC4181631 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s37744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins, discovered over 20 years ago, are a large family of secreted or transmembrane and glycophosphatidylinositol -anchored proteins initially identified as axon guidance molecules crucial for the development of the nervous system. It has now been established that they also play important roles in organ development and function, especially involving the immune, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, and in pathological disorders, including cancer. During tumor progression, semaphorins can have both pro- and anti-tumor functions, and this has created complexities in our understanding of these systems. Semaphorins may affect tumor growth and metastases by directly targeting tumor cells, as well as indirectly by interacting with and influencing cells from the micro-environment and vasculature. Mechanistically, semaphorins, through binding to their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, affect pathways involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Importantly, neuropilins also act as co-receptors for several growth factors and enhance their signaling activities, while class 3 semaphorins may interfere with this. In this review, we focus on the secreted class 3 semaphorins and their neuropilin co-receptors in cancer, including aspects of their signaling that may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Rosenstein BS. Radiogenomics: using genetics to identify cancer patients at risk for development of adverse effects following radiotherapy. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:155-65. [PMID: 24441285 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Normal-tissue adverse effects following radiotherapy are common and significantly affect quality of life. These effects cannot be accounted for by dosimetric, treatment, or demographic factors alone, and evidence suggests that common genetic variants are associated with radiotherapy adverse effects. The field of radiogenomics has evolved to identify such genetic risk factors. Radiogenomics has two goals: (i) to develop an assay to predict which patients with cancer are most likely to develop radiation injuries resulting from radiotherapy, and (ii) to obtain information about the molecular pathways responsible for radiation-induced normal-tissue toxicities. This review summarizes the history of the field and current research. SIGNIFICANCE A single-nucleotide polymorphism–based predictive assay could be used, along with clinical and treatment factors, to estimate the risk that a patient with cancer will develop adverse effects from radiotherapy. Such an assay could be used to personalize therapy and improve quality of life for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Kerns
- Departments of 1Radiation Oncology and 2Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York; Departments of 4Pathology, and 5Genetics and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Meguro A, Ideta H, Ota M, Ito N, Ideta R, Yonemoto J, Takeuchi M, Uemoto R, Nishide T, Iijima Y, Kawagoe T, Okada E, Shiota T, Hagihara Y, Oka A, Inoko H, Mizuki N. Common variants in the COL4A4 gene confer susceptibility to lattice degeneration of the retina. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39300. [PMID: 22723992 PMCID: PMC3378527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lattice degeneration of the retina is a vitreoretinal disorder characterized by a visible fundus lesion predisposing the patient to retinal tears and detachment. The etiology of this degeneration is still uncertain, but it is likely that both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in its development. To identify genetic susceptibility regions for lattice degeneration of the retina, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a dense panel of 23,465 microsatellite markers covering the entire human genome. This GWAS in a Japanese cohort (294 patients with lattice degeneration and 294 controls) led to the identification of one microsatellite locus, D2S0276i, in the collagen type IV alpha 4 (COL4A4) gene on chromosome 2q36.3. To validate the significance of this observation, we evaluated the D2S0276i region in the GWAS cohort and in an independent Japanese cohort (280 patients and 314 controls) using D2S0276i and 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the region. The strong associations were observed in D2S0276i and rs7558081 in the COL4A4 gene (Pc = 5.8 × 10(-6), OR = 0.63 and Pc = 1.0 × 10(-5), OR = 0.69 in a total of 574 patients and 608 controls, respectively). Our findings suggest that variants in the COL4A4 gene may contribute to the development of lattice degeneration of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masao Ota
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Yonemoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Riyo Uemoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Nishide
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Iijima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Shiota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Hagihara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Division of Molecular Life Science, Department of Genetic Information, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Division of Molecular Life Science, Department of Genetic Information, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mozdarani H. Biological complexities in radiation carcinogenesis and cancer radiotherapy: impact of new biological paradigms. Genes (Basel) 2012; 3:90-114. [PMID: 24704845 PMCID: PMC3899963 DOI: 10.3390/genes3010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation carcinogenesis has been shown both experimentally and epidemiologically, the use of ionizing radiation is also one of the major modalities in cancer treatment. Various known cellular and molecular events are involved in carcinogenesis. Apart from the known phenomena, there could be implications for carcinogenesis and cancer prevention due to other biological processes such as the bystander effect, the abscopal effect, intrinsic radiosensitivity and radioadaptation. Bystander effects have consequences for mutation initiated cancer paradigms of radiation carcinogenesis, which provide the mechanistic justification for low-dose risk estimates. The abscopal effect is potentially important for tumor control and is mediated through cytokines and/or the immune system (mainly cell-mediated immunity). It results from loss of growth and stimulatory and/or immunosuppressive factors from the tumor. Intrinsic radiosensitivity is a feature of some cancer prone chromosomal breakage syndromes such as ataxia telangectiasia. Radiosensitivity is manifested as higher chromosomal aberrations and DNA repair impairment is now known as a good biomarker for breast cancer screening and prediction of prognosis. However, it is not yet known whether this effect is good or bad for those receiving radiation or radiomimetic agents for treatment. Radiation hormesis is another major concern for carcinogenesis. This process which protects cells from higher doses of radiation or radio mimic chemicals, may lead to the escape of cells from mitotic death or apoptosis and put cells with a lower amount of damage into the process of cancer induction. Therefore, any of these biological phenomena could have impact on another process giving rise to genome instability of cells which are not in the field of radiation but still receiving a lower amount of radiation. For prevention of radiation induced carcinogenesis or risk assessment as well as for successful radiation therapy, all these phenomena should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran.
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Hiruma A, Ikeda S, Terui T, Ozawa M, Hashimoto T, Yasumoto S, Nakayama J, Kubota Y, Iijima M, Sueki H, Matsumoto Y, Kato M, Akasaka E, Ikoma N, Mabuchi T, Tamiya S, Matsuyama T, Ozawa A, Inoko H, Oka A. A novel splicing variant of CADM2 as a protective transcript of psoriasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:626-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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West CM, Barnett GC. Genetics and genomics of radiotherapy toxicity: towards prediction. Genome Med 2011; 3:52. [PMID: 21861849 PMCID: PMC3238178 DOI: 10.1186/gm268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is involved in many curative treatments of cancer; millions of survivors live with the consequences of treatment, and toxicity in a minority limits the radiation doses that can be safely prescribed to the majority. Radiogenomics is the whole genome application of radiogenetics, which studies the influence of genetic variation on radiation response. Work in the area focuses on uncovering the underlying genetic causes of individual variation in sensitivity to radiation, which is important for effective, safe treatment. In this review, we highlight recent advances in radiotherapy and discuss results from four genome-wide studies of radiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine M West
- School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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