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Sena-Dos-Santos C, Moura DD, Epifane-de-Assunção MC, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â, Santos-Lobato BL. Mitochondrial DNA variants, haplogroups and risk of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 125:107044. [PMID: 38917640 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is part of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants on PD onset is unclear. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the effect of mtDNA variants and haplogroups on risk of developing PD. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between PD and mtDNA variants and haplogroups. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were eligible from 957 screened studies. Among 13,640 people with PD and 22,588 control individuals, the association with PD was consistently explored in 13 mtDNA variants in 10 genes and 19 macrohaplogroups. Four mtDNA variants were associated with PD: m.4336C (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.79-5.02), m.7028T (OR = 0.80; 95 % CI = 0.70-0.91), m.10398G (OR = 0.92; 95 % CI = 0.85-0.98), and m.13368A (OR = 0.74; 95 % CI = 0.56-0.98). Four mtDNA macrohaplogroups were associated with PD: R (OR = 2.25; 95 % CI = 1.92-2.65), F (OR = 1.18; 95 % CI = 1.01-1.38), H (OR = 1.12; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.18), and B (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI = 0.65-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Despite most studies may be underpowered by the underrepresentation of people without dominant European- and Asian-ancestry, low use of next-generation sequencing for genotyping and small sample sizes, the identification of mtDNA variants and macrohaplogroups associated with PD strengthens the link between the disease and mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafne Dalledone Moura
- Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Tzeng IS. Role of mitochondria DNA A10398G polymorphism on development of Parkinson's disease: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24274. [PMID: 35146807 PMCID: PMC8906025 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive disorders caused primarily by neurodegeneration. However, the preventative effects of the mitochondrial A10398G DNA polymorphism remain controversial. This meta-analysis comprehensively assessed evidence on the influence of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G variant on PD development. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2020. We used a pooled model with random effects to explore the effect of A10398G on the development of PD. Stata MP version 14.0 was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the eligible studies to assess the impact of mitochondrial DNA A10398G on PD development. RESULTS The overall survey of the populations showed no significant association between mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism (G allele compared to A allele) and PD (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70-1.04, p = 0.111); however, a significant association between the mutation and PD was observed in the Caucasian population (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.87, p = 0.001). A neutral effect was observed in the Asian population (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94-1.28, p = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis showed the potential protective effect of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism on the risk of developing PD in the Caucasian population. Studies with better designs and larger samples with intensive work are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030552. [PMID: 35159361 PMCID: PMC8833991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.
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Antonyová V, Kejík Z, Brogyányi T, Kaplánek R, Pajková M, Talianová V, Hromádka R, Masařík M, Sýkora D, Mikšátková L, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Role of mtDNA disturbances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 91-92:102871. [PMID: 32502755 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease) are becoming increasingly problematic to healthcare systems. Therefore, their underlying mechanisms are trending topics of study in medicinal research. Numerous studies have evidenced a strong association between mitochondrial DNA disturbances (e.g. oxidative damage, mutations, and methylation shifts) and the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review discusses the risk and development of neurodegenerative diseases in terms of disturbances in mitochondrial DNA and as a part of a complex ecosystem that includes other important mechanisms (e.g. neuroinflammation and the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β peptides, α-synuclein, and tau proteins). In addition, the influence of individual mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the risk and development of neurodegenerative diseases is also described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Antonyová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Brogyányi
- Depertment of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Pajková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Talianová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Hromádka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mikšátková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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Biocomplexity and Fractality in the Search of Biomarkers of Aging and Pathology: Mitochondrial DNA Profiling of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051758. [PMID: 32143500 PMCID: PMC7084552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are considered a possible cause and this mechanism might be shared with the aging process and with other age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have recently proposed a computerized method for mutated mtDNA characterization able to discriminate between AD and aging. The present study deals with mtDNA mutation-based profiling of PD. Peripheral blood mtDNA sequences from late-onset PD patients and age-matched controls were analyzed and compared to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). The chaos game representation (CGR) method, modified to visualize heteroplasmic mutations, was used to display fractal properties of mtDNA sequences and fractal lacunarity analysis was applied to quantitatively characterize PD based on mtDNA mutations. Parameter β, from the hyperbola model function of our lacunarity method, was statistically different between PD and control groups when comparing mtDNA sequence frames corresponding to GenBank np 5713-9713. Our original method, based on CGR and lacunarity analysis, represents a useful tool to analyze mtDNA mutations. Lacunarity parameter β is able to characterize individual mutation profile of mitochondrial genome and could represent a promising index to discriminate between PD and aging.
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Grünewald A, Kumar KR, Sue CM. New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:73-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zheng G, Wang M, Ren Q, Han T, Li Y, Sun S, Li X, Feng F. Experimental observation of mitochondrial oxidative damage of liver cells induced by isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4289-4293. [PMID: 30988801 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative damage of liver mitochondria as an adverse effect of the anti-tuberculosis drug isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH). The human hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) was exposed to INH at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/ml for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in mitochondria were detected. Changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy. Along with the increase of incubation time and dose of INH, activities of mitochondrial SOD and GSH-Px decreased, MDA and 8-OHdG content increased, and the mitochondrial ultrastructure displayed varying degrees of pathological changes. In conclusion, INH was found to cause liver cell injury by inducing mitochondrial DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Tiesheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Fumin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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8
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Chinnery PF, Gomez-Duran A. Oldies but Goldies mtDNA Population Variants and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:682. [PMID: 30369864 PMCID: PMC6194173 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA is transmitted through the maternal line and its sequence variability, which is population specific, is assumed to be phenotypically neutral. However, several studies have shown associations between the variants defining some genetic backgrounds and the susceptibility to several pathogenic phenotypes, including neurodegenerative diseases. Many of these studies have found that some of these variants impact many of these phenotypes, including the ones defining the Caucasian haplogroups H, J, and Uk, while others, such as the ones defining the T haplogroup, have phenotype specific associations. In this review, we will focus on those that have shown a pleiotropic effect in population studies in neurological diseases. We will also explore their bioenergetic and genomic characteristics in order to provide an insight into the role of these variants in disease. Given the importance of mitochondrial population variants in neurodegenerative diseases a deeper analysis of their effects might unravel new mechanisms of disease and help design new strategies for successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Arun S, Liu L, Donmez G. Mitochondrial Biology and Neurological Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:143-54. [PMID: 26903445 PMCID: PMC4825945 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150703154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Huntington’s diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondria Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gizem Donmez
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave. Boston MA, 02111, USA.
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Chu Q, Luo X, Zhan X, Ren Y, Pang H. Female genetic distribution bias in mitochondrial genome observed in Parkinson's Disease patients in northern China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17170. [PMID: 26602989 PMCID: PMC4658531 DOI: 10.1038/srep17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been described in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To explore the potential contribution of mtDNA mutations to the risk of PD in a Chinese population, we examined the linkage relationship between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in mtDNA and PD. We genotyped 5 SNPs located on coding genes using PCR-RFLP analysis. A specific allele 10398G demonstrated an increased risk of PD (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.95–1.76; P = 0.013). After stratification by gender, the increased risk appeared to be more significant in females (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.16–3.16; P = 0.001). But the significance only appeared in females under Bonferroni correction. No significant differences were detected for other SNPs (T4336C, G5460A, G9055A, and G13708A). Individual haplotype composed of 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398A-13708G was found to be associated with protective effect regarding PD (P = 0.0025). The haplotypes 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398G-13708G and 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398A-13708G were more significantly associated in females (P = 0.0036 for risk and P = 0.0006 for protective effects). These data suggest that the A10398G and two haplotypes coupled with 10398A or 10398G are closely associated with susceptibility to PD in a northern Chinese population. This association demonstrated a female genetic distribution bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Chu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Luo
- Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
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Gusdon AM, Fang F, Chen J, Mathews CE, Li W, Chu CT, Ding JQ, Chen SD. Association of the mt-ND2 5178A/C polymorphism with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2015; 587:98-101. [PMID: 25511548 PMCID: PMC4934122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). While mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been shown to accumulate in PD, no specific mtDNA polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to PD. A cytosine to adenine transversion at base pair 5178 in the mtDNA has been associated with increased longevity and resistance against a number of age related disorders and has been shown to decrease mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We sought to determine whether 5178A is associated with resistance against PD in a Han Chinese population. To assess its association with PD, we genotyped 484 idiopathic PD patients and 710 control individuals for 5178C/A. Genotyping was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. There was no significant association between 5178A and PD (P=0.308) when analyzing the entire population. However, sub-group analysis revealed that in males the frequency of 5178A was significantly lower in PD patients (27.7% in controls vs 20.0% in PD patients, P=0.027). Stratification of the population by age showed that this trend held across age groups but only reached statistical significance in males aged 60-70 (29.1% in controls vs 14.05 in PD patients, P=0.011). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the frequency of 5178A was significantly decreased in male PD patients in a Han Chinese population. This polymorphism may be associated with resistance against the development of PD when in combination with loci on the Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Gusdon
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
| | - Wang Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jian-Qing Ding
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Li YJ, Minear MA, Qin X, Rimmler J, Hauser MA, Allingham RR, Igo RP, Lass JH, Iyengar SK, Klintworth GK, Afshari NA, Gregory SG. Mitochondrial polymorphism A10398G and Haplogroup I are associated with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:4577-84. [PMID: 24917144 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants affect the susceptibility of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). METHODS Ten mtDNA variants defining European haplogroups were genotyped in a discovery dataset consisting of 530 cases and 498 controls of European descent from the Duke FECD cohort. Association tests for mtDNA markers and haplogroups were performed using logistic regression models with adjustment of age and sex. Subset analyses included controlling for additional effects of either the TCF4 SNP rs613872 or cigarette smoking. Our replication dataset was derived from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the FECD Genetics Consortium, where genotypes for three of 10 mtDNA markers were available. Replication analyses were performed to compare non-Duke cases to all GWAS controls (GWAS1, N = 3200), and to non-Duke controls (GWAS2, N = 3043). RESULTS The variant A10398G was significantly associated with FECD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.53, 0.98]; P = 0.034), and remains significant after adjusting for smoking status (min P = 0.012). This variant was replicated in GWAS1 (P = 0.019) and GWAS2 (P = 0.036). Haplogroup I was significantly associated with FECD (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = [0.22, 0.97]; P = 0.041) and remains significant after adjusting for the effect of smoking (min P = 0.008) or rs613872 (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS The 10398G allele and Haplogroup I appear to confer significant protective effects for FECD. The effect of A10398G and Haplogroup I to FECD is likely independent of the known TCF4 variant. More data are needed to decipher the interaction between smoking and mtDNA haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mollie A Minear
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Xuejun Qin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jacqueline Rimmler
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - R Rand Allingham
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert P Igo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lass
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Gordon K Klintworth
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Natalie A Afshari
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Gaweda-Walerych K, Zekanowski C. The impact of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes related to mitochondrial functioning on the risk of Parkinson's disease. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:543-59. [PMID: 24532986 PMCID: PMC3924249 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210211033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major factors implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
pathogenesis. The maintenance of healthy mitochondria is a very complex process coordinated bi-genomically. Here, we
review association studies on mitochondrial haplogroups and subhaplogroups, discussing the underlying molecular
mechanisms. We also focus on variation in the nuclear genes (NDUFV2, PGC-1alpha, HSPA9, LRPPRC, MTIF3,
POLG1, and TFAM encoding NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
gamma coactivator 1-alpha, mortalin, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein, translation initiation
factor 3, mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, and mitochondrial transcription factor A, respectively) primarily linked
to regulation of mitochondrial functioning that recently have been associated with PD risk. Possible interactions between
mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variants and related proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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14
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Liou CW, Chen JB, Tiao MM, Weng SW, Huang TL, Chuang JH, Chen SD, Chuang YC, Lee WC, Lin TK, Wang PW. Mitochondrial DNA coding and control region variants as genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:2642-51. [PMID: 22891220 PMCID: PMC3447893 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both the coding and control regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) play roles in the generation of diabetes; however, no studies have thoroughly reported on the combined diabetogenic effects of variants in the two regions. We determined the mitochondrial haplogroup and the mtDNA sequence of the control region in 859 subjects with diabetes and 1,151 normoglycemic control subjects. Full-length mtDNA sequences were conducted in 40 subjects harboring specific diabetes-related haplogroups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and BMI revealed that subjects harboring the mitochondrial haplogroup B4 have significant association with diabetes (DM) (odds ratio [OR], 1.54 [95% CI 1.18-2.02]; P < 0.001), whereas subjects harboring D4 have borderline resistance against DM generation (0.68 [0.49-0.94]; P = 0.02). Upon further study, we identified an mtDNA composite group susceptible to DM generation consisting of a 10398A allele at the coding region and a polycytosine variant at nucleotide pair 16184-16193 of the control region, as well as a resistant group consisting of C5178A, A10398G, and T152C variants. The OR for susceptible group is 1.31 (95% CI 1.04-1.67; P = 0.024) and for the resistant group is 0.48 (0.31-0.75; P = 0.001). Our study found that mtDNA variants in the coding and control regions can have combined effects influencing diabetes generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors: Pei-Wen Wang and Tsu-Kung Lin,
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors: Pei-Wen Wang and Tsu-Kung Lin,
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15
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Morán M, Moreno-Lastres D, Marín-Buera L, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction: implications in neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:595-609. [PMID: 22595027 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades mitochondria have been considered static round-shaped organelles in charge of energy production. In contrast, they are highly dynamic cellular components that undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission influenced, for instance, by oxidative stress, cellular energy requirements, or the cell cycle state. New important functions beyond energy production have been attributed to mitochondria, such as the regulation of cell survival, because of their role in the modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and aging. Primary mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in genes involved in these new mitochondrial functions and the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in multifactorial human pathologies such as cancer, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, or diabetes has been demonstrated. Therefore, mitochondria are set at a central point of the equilibrium between health and disease, and a better understanding of mitochondrial functions will open new fields for exploring the roles of these mitochondrial pathways in human pathologies. This review dissects the relationships between activity and assembly defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative damage, and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, with special focus on their implications for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Morán
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Raras: Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Abstract
Mitochondria have a crucial role in cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis, and thus are important to support cell function and in determination of cell death pathways. Inherited mitochondrial diseases can be caused by mutations of mitochondrial DNA or of nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins. Although many mitochondrial disorders are multisystemic, some are tissue specific--eg, optic neuropathy, sensorineural deafness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the past few years, several disorders have been associated with mutations of nuclear genes responsible for mitochondrial DNA maintenance and function, and the potential contribution of mitochondrial abnormalities to progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease has been recognised. The process of mitochondrial fission-fusion has become a focus of attention in human disease. Importantly, the mitochondrion is now a target for therapeutic interventions that encompass small molecules, transcriptional regulation, and genetic manipulation, offering opportunities to treat a diverse range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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17
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Swerdlow RH. Does mitochondrial DNA play a role in Parkinson's disease? A review of cybrid and other supportive evidence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:950-64. [PMID: 21338319 PMCID: PMC3643260 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are currently believed to play an important role in the neurodysfunction and neurodegeneration that underlie Parkinson's disease (PD). RECENT ADVANCES While it increasingly appears that mitochondrial dysfunction in PD can have different causes, it has been proposed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may account for or drive mitochondrial dysfunction in the majority of the cases. If correct, the responsible mtDNA signatures could represent acquired mutations, inherited mutations, or population-distributed polymorphisms. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review discusses the case for mtDNA as a key mediator of PD, and especially focuses on data from studies of PD cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Departments of Neurology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The last 25 years have witnessed remarkable advances in our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The ability to undertake detailed biochemical analyses of the Parkinson's disease postmortem brain enabled the identification of defects of mitochondrial and free-radical metabolism. The discovery of the first gene mutation for Parkinson's disease, in alpha-synuclein, ushered in the genetic era for the disease and the subsequent finding of several gene mutations causing parkinsonism, 15 at the time of writing. Technological advances both in sequencing technology and software analysis have allowed association studies of sufficiently large size accurately to describe genes conferring an increased risk for Parkinson's disease. What has been so surprising is the convergence of these 2 separate disciplines (biochemistry and genetics) in terms of reinforcing the importance of the same pathways (ie, mitochondrial dysfunction and free-radical metabolism). Other pathways are also important in pathogenesis, including protein turnover, inflammation, and post-translational modification, particularly protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination. However, even these additional pathways overlap with each other and with those of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. This review explores these concepts with particular relevance to mitochondrial involvement.
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Lace B, Kempa I, Piekuse L, Grinfelde I, Klovins J, Pliss L, Krumina A, Vieira AR. Association studies of candidate genes and cleft lip and palate taking into consideration geographical origin. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:413-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders are disabling and often fatal diseases of the nervous system whose underlying mechanisms of cell death remain unknown. Defects in mitochondrial respiration had previously been proposed to contribute to the occurrence of many, if not all, of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. However, the discovery of genes mutated in hereditary forms of these enigmatic diseases has additionally suggested defects in mitochondrial dynamics. Such disturbances can lead to changes in mitochondrial trafficking, in interorganellar communication, and in mitochondrial quality control. These new mechanisms by which mitochondria may also be linked to neurodegeneration will likely have far-reaching implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders.
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21
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Inherited and somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. Neurol Sci 2011; 32:883-92. [PMID: 21822691 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders, although the exact role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in this process is unresolved. We investigated inherited and somatic mtDNA substitutions and deletions in Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia (PD). Hypervariable segment 1 sequences of Chamorro mtDNA revealed that the odds ratio of a PD or ALS diagnosis was increased for individuals in the E1 haplogroup while individuals in the E2 haplogroup had decreased odds of an ALS or PD diagnosis. Once the disorders were examined separately, it became evident that PD was responsible for these results. When the entire mitochondrial genome was sequenced for a subset of individuals, the nonsynonymous mutation at nucleotide position 9080, shared by all E2 individuals, resulted in a significantly low odds ratio for a diagnosis of ALS or PD. Private polymorphisms found in transfer and ribosomal RNA regions were found only in ALS and PD patients in the E1 haplogroup. Somatic mtDNA deletions in the entire mtDNA genome were not associated with either ALS or PD. We conclude that mtDNA haplogroup effects may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in Guam PD and reflect Guam population history. Thus it is reasonable to consider Guam ALS and PD as complex disorders with both environmental prerequisites and small genetic effects.
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22
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Association of PGC-1alpha polymorphisms with age of onset and risk of Parkinson's disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:69. [PMID: 21595954 PMCID: PMC3112073 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional co-activator of antioxidant genes and a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and recent work suggests a role for PGC-1α. We hypothesized that the rs8192678 PGC-1α single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may influence risk or age of onset of PD. The A10398G mitochondrial SNP has been inversely associated with risk of PD in some studies. In the current study we analyzed whether rs8192678 or other PGC-1α SNPs affect PD risk or age of onset, singularly or in association with the A10398G SNP. Methods Genomic DNA samples from 378 PD patients and 173 age-matched controls were analyzed by multiplexed probe sequencing, followed by statistical analyses of the association of each SNP, alone or in combination, with risk or age of onset of PD. Adjustments were made for age of onset being less than the age of sampling, and for the observed dependence between these two ages. The PD samples were obtained as two separate cohorts, therefore statistical methods accounted for different sampling methods between the two cohorts, and data were analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for sampling in the risk set definition and in the model. Results The rs8192678 PGC-1α SNP was not associated with the risk of PD. However, an association of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG variant with longevity was seen in control subjects (p = 0.019). Exploratory studies indicated that the CC variant of rs6821591 was associated with risk of early onset PD (p = 0.029), with PD age of onset (p = 0.047), and with longevity (p = 0.022). The rs2970848 GG allele was associated with risk of late onset PD (p = 0.027). Conclusions These data reveal possible associations of the PGC-1α SNPs rs6821591 and rs2970848 with risk or age of onset of PD, and of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG and the rs6821591 CC variants with longevity. If replicated in other datasets, these findings may have important implications regarding the role of PGC-1α in PD and longevity.
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23
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Finsterer J. Parkinson's syndrome and Parkinson's disease in mitochondrial disorders. Mov Disord 2011; 26:784-91. [PMID: 21384429 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the majority of cases, mitochondrial disorders are multisystem conditions that most frequently affect the skeletal muscle, followed by the central nervous system. One of the clinical manifestations of central nervous system involvement is Parkinson's syndrome (PS). Evidence for an association of mitochondrial defects with PS comes from mitochondrial disorder patients who have developed Parkinson's syndrome and from Parkinson's syndrome patients who have developed a mitochondrial disorder. In addition, there are a number of patients with Parkinson's syndrome or Parkinson's disease (PD) who later develop subclinical immunohistological or biochemical indications of mitochondrial defects or accumulates mitochondrial DNA mutations within various cerebral regions. There are also Parkinson's syndrome patients who present with elevated cerebrospinal-fluid lactate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, it has been shown that mutations in genes causing PD, such as PINK1, parkin, DJ1, alpha-synuclein, and LRRK2, also cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which is one of the reasons why they are called mitochondrial nigropathies. Parkinson's syndrome in patients with a mitochondrial disorder may also result from oxidative stress or exogenous toxins. Treatment of mitochondrial Parkinson's syndrome is not at variance with the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome due to other causes, but because of the multisystem nature of mitochondrial disorders, mitochondrial Parkinson's syndrome requires additional therapeutic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Danube University, Krems, Austria.
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24
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Ienco EC, Simoncini C, Orsucci D, Petrucci L, Filosto M, Mancuso M, Siciliano G. May "mitochondrial eve" and mitochondrial haplogroups play a role in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:709061. [PMID: 21423558 PMCID: PMC3056451 DOI: 10.4061/2011/709061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in several metabolic processes and apoptotic pathways. Multiple evidences suggest that mitochondria may be crucial in ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial haplogroups have been linked to multiple area of medicine, from normal ageing to diseases, including neurodegeneration. Polymorphisms within the mitochondrial genome might lead to impaired energy generation and to increased amount of reactive oxygen species, having either susceptibility or protective role in several diseases. Here, we highlight the role of the mitochondrial haplogroups in the pathogenetic cascade leading to diseases, with special attention to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caldarazzo Ienco
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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25
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Venkateswaran S, Zheng K, Sacchetti M, Gagne D, Arnold DL, Sadovnick AD, Scherer SW, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Simon DK. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and mutations in children with acquired central demyelination. Neurology 2011; 76:774-80. [PMID: 21288980 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820ee1bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in children with a first episode of acquired demyelinating syndromes (PD-ADS) of the CNS and their relationship to disease phenotype, including subsequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This exploratory analysis included the initial 213 children with PD-ADS in the prospective Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Study and 166 matched healthy sibling controls from the Canadian Autism Genome Project. A total of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, including haplogroup-defining SNPs and mtDNA variants previously reported to be associated with MS. RESULTS Primary Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) mutations and other known pathogenic mtDNA mutations were absent in both patients with pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes and controls. The 13708A haplogroup J-associated variant, previously linked to adult MS, was more frequent among subjects with PD-ADS (13.0%) compared to controls (6.2%; odds ratio [OR] 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 4.83) and haplogroup M was associated with an earlier age at onset of PD-ADS (-1.74 years; 95% CI -3.33 to -0.07). In contrast, the haplogroup cluster UKJT, as well as 3 other SNPs, were each associated with a lower risk of PD-ADS. A total of 33 subjects with PD-ADS were diagnosed with MS during a mean follow-up period of 3.11 ± 1.14 (SD) years. No single SNP was associated with the risk of subsequent diagnosis of MS. However, haplogroup H was associated with an increased risk of MS (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.21 to 5.55). CONCLUSION These data suggest an association between mtDNA variants and the risk of PD-ADS and of a subsequent MS diagnosis. Replication of these findings in an independent population of subjects with PD-ADS is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkateswaran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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POLG1-Related and other “Mitochondrial Parkinsonisms”: an Overview. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 44:17-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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