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Schieferdecker A, Wendler P. Structural Mapping of Missense Mutations in the Pex1/Pex6 Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153756. [PMID: 31374812 PMCID: PMC6696164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are nontreatable hereditary diseases with a broad range of severity. Approximately 65% of patients are affected by mutations in the peroxins Pex1 and Pex6. The proteins form the heteromeric Pex1/Pex6 complex, which is important for protein import into peroxisomes. To date, no structural data are available for this AAA+ ATPase complex. However, a wealth of information can be transferred from low-resolution structures of the yeast scPex1/scPex6 complex and homologous, well-characterized AAA+ ATPases. We review the abundant records of missense mutations described in PBD patients with the aim to classify and rationalize them by mapping them onto a homology model of the human Pex1/Pex6 complex. Several mutations concern functionally conserved residues that are implied in ATP hydrolysis and substrate processing. Contrary to fold destabilizing mutations, patients suffering from function-impairing mutations may not benefit from stabilizing agents, which have been reported as potential therapeutics for PBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schieferdecker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Wendler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Rosewich H, Dechent P, Krause C, Ohlenbusch A, Brockmann K, Gärtner J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy for Zellweger syndrome spectrum patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:869-876. [PMID: 27488561 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the biogenesis of peroxisomes cause a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurometabolic disorders, the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS). Diagnosis predominantly is based on characteristic clinical symptoms, a typical biochemical profile, as well as on identification of the molecular defect in any of the 12 known human PEX genes. The diagnostic workup can be hindered if the typical clinical symptoms are missing and predicting the clinical course of a given patient is almost unfeasible. As a safe and noninvasive method to analyze specific chemical compounds in localized brain regions, in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can provide an indication in this diagnostic process and may help predict the clinical course. However, to date, there are very few reports on this topic. In this study, we performed localized in vivo proton MRS without confounding contributions from T1- and T2-relaxation effects at 2 Tesla in a comparably large group of seven ZSS patients. Patients' absolute metabolite concentrations in cortical gray matter, white matter, and basal ganglia were assessed and compared with age-matched control values. Our results confirm and extend knowledge about in vivo MRS findings in ZSS patients. Besides affirmation of nonspecific reduction of N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA) in combination with lipid accumulation as a diagnostic hint for this disease group, the amount of tNAA loss seems to reflect disease burden and may prove to be of prognostic value regarding the clinical course of an already diagnosed patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rosewich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37085, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - P Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Krause
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Ohlenbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Brockmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Gärtner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
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