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Lu X, Wang R, Li M, Zhang B, Rao H, Huang X, Chen X, Wu Y. Identification of two novel large deletions in FBN1 gene by next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:47. [PMID: 38317175 PMCID: PMC10840365 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) are known to be associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder. Most FBN1 mutations are missense or nonsense mutations. Traditional molecular genetic testing for the FBN1 gene, like Sanger sequencing, may miss disease-causing mutations in the gene's regulatory regions or non-coding sequences, as well as partial or complete gene deletions and duplications. METHODS Next-generation sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and gap PCR were conducted on two MFS patients to screen for disease-causing mutations. RESULTS We identified two large deletions in FBN1 from two MFS patients. One patient had a 0.23 Mb deletion (NC_000015.9:g.48550506_48779360del) including 5'UTR-exon6 of FBN1. The other patient harbored a 1416 bp deletion (NC_000015.9:g.48410869_48412284del) affecting the last exon, exon 66, of the FBN1 gene. CONCLUSION Our results expanded the number of large FBN1 deletions and highlighted the importance of screening for large deletions in FBN1 in clinical genetic testing, especially for those with the classic MFS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Huiying Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xijun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yan'an Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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2
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Zhang P, Zhao JH, Chen L, Bian ZL, Ju LL, Wang HX, Cai WH. Expression and function of myelin expression factor 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36658471 PMCID: PMC9854206 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world and has a high mortality rate. However, the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential biomarkers of HCC. METHODS ONCOMINE, HCCDB and THE HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS were used to identify myelin expression factor 2 (MYEF2) as a potential biomarker for HCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to further validate and analyse the value of MYEF2. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used for the prognostic analysis. The COX regression model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to investigate the clinical value of MYEF2 in the prognosis of HCC by reviewing the survival status of patients. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of the MYEF2 mRNA and protein in HCC tissues and cell lines. qPCR and Western blotting were used to validate the efficiency of MYEF2 knockout and overexpression in HCC cells. The invasion and migration abilities regulated by MYEF2 were detected by performing transwell and wound healing assays. RESULTS MYEF2 is significantly upregulated in HCC and is mainly located in the nucleus of HCC cells. MYEF2 expression is significantly associated with the tumour stage, histological grade and TNM stage. High MYEF2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for patients with HCC. Functionally, elevated MYEF2 facilitated cell migration and invasion in vitro. In contrast, decreased MYEF2 inhibited cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS MYEF2 may be a novel biomarker with potential diagnosis and prognosis values and as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hua Zhao
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Lian Bian
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Ling Ju
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xuan Wang
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Cai
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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Pfaff AL, Singleton LM, Kõks S. Mechanisms of disease-associated SINE-VNTR-Alus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:756-764. [PMID: 35387528 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221082612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SINE-VNTR-Alus (SVAs) are the youngest retrotransposon family in the human genome. Their ongoing mobilization has generated genetic variation within the human population. At least 24 insertions to date, detailed in this review, have been associated with disease. The predominant mechanisms through which this occurs are alterations to normal splicing patterns, exonic insertions causing loss-of-function mutations, and large genomic deletions. Dissecting the functional impact of these SVAs and the mechanism through which they cause disease provides insight into the consequences of their presence in the genome and how these elements could influence phenotypes. Many of these disease-associated SVAs have been difficult to characterize and would not have been identified through routine analyses. However, the number identified has increased in recent years as DNA and RNA sequencing data became more widely available. Therefore, as the search for complex structural variation in disease continues, it is likely to yield further disease-causing SVA insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Pfaff
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Lewis M Singleton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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4
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Fatal, hemorrhagic stroke despite thrombectomy after Tirone-David procedure in novel compound heterozygous Marfan syndrome. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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5
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Gezdirici A, Teralı K, Gülec EY, Bornaun H, Dogan M, Eröz R. An integrated clinical and molecular study of a cohort of Turkish patients with Marfan syndrome harboring known and novel FBN1 variants. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:647-657. [PMID: 33483584 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that mainly affects connective tissue in many parts of the body. Cardinal manifestations involve the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. The diagnosis of MFS relies on the revised Ghent criteria, outlined by international expert opinion to facilitate accurate recognition of this syndrome as well as to improve patient management and counseling. However, it may not always be possible to make a definitive diagnosis according to these criteria in each patient and thus molecular confirmation is necessary in subjects with suspected MFS. This debilitating, if not fatal, disorder is caused by mutations in FBN1, which encodes a major constitutive element of extracellular microfibrils. Here, we present a detailed clinical and molecular analysis of 76 Turkish patients with definitive or suspected MFS diagnosed at our center between 2014 and 2019. We were able to identify a total of 51 different FBN1 variants in our cohort, 31 of which have previously been reported in the relevant scientific literature. The remaining 20 variants have not been documented to date. In one patient, we detected a large deletion including the entire FBN1 gene using the array CGH approach. Currently, there are very few studies on the genotype-phenotype correlation of patients with MFS, and no clear genotype-phenotype maps for MFS have been constructed so far, except for some cases. We believe that our findings will make a rich and peculiar contribution to the elusive genotype-phenotype relationship in MFS, especially in this large and populous ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, 34480, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Research Group, DESAM Institute, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elif Yılmaz Gülec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Helen Bornaun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Dogan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44300, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Recep Eröz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, 81010, Düzce, Turkey
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6
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Du Q, Zhang D, Zhuang Y, Xia Q, Wen T, Jia H. The Molecular Genetics of Marfan Syndrome. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2752-2766. [PMID: 34220303 PMCID: PMC8241768 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a complex connective tissue disease that is primarily characterized by cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal systems disorders. Despite its rarity, MFS severely impacts the quality of life of the patients. It has been shown that molecular genetic factors serve critical roles in the pathogenesis of MFS. FBN1 is associated with MFS and the other genes such as FBN2, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), latent TGF-β-binding protein 2 (LTBP2) and SKI, amongst others also have their associated syndromes, however high overlap may exist between these syndromes and MFS. Abnormalities in the TGF-β signaling pathway also contribute to the development of aneurysms in patients with MFS, although the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Mutant FBN1 protein may cause unstableness in elastic structures, thereby perturbing the TGF-β signaling pathway, which regulates several processes in cells. Additionally, DNA methylation of FBN1 and histone acetylation in an MFS mouse model demonstrated that epigenetic factors play a regulatory role in MFS. The purpose of the present review is to provide an up-to-date understanding of MFS-related genes and relevant assessment technologies, with the aim of laying a foundation for the early diagnosis, consultation and treatment of MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Du
- Marfan Research Group, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Marfan Research Group, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Disease, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiongrong Xia
- Marfan Research Group, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Taishen Wen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Disease, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiping Jia
- Department of Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, Sichuan, China
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7
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Yang H, Ma Y, Luo M, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Sun X, Luo F, Wang L, Shu C, Zhou Z. Identification of gross deletions in FBN1 gene by MLPA. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:46. [PMID: 30286810 PMCID: PMC6172713 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene. Approximately 90% of classic MFS patients have a FBN1 mutation that can be identified by single-gene sequencing or gene-panel sequencing targeting FBN1. However, a small proportion of MFS patients carry a large genomic deletion in FBN1, which cannot be detected by routine sequencing. Here, we performed an MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) test to detect large deletions and/or duplications in FBN1 and TGFBR2 in 115 unrelated Chinese patients with suspected MFS or early-onset aneurysm/dissection. Results Five novel large deletions encompassing a single exon or multiple exons in the FBN1 gene were characterized in five unrelated patients, of which four were proven by Sanger sequencing, and the breakpoints were identified. Three of them met the revised Ghent criteria when genetic results were not available, and the other two patients were highly suspected and diagnosed with MFS until the FBN1 deletions were identified. Conclusions Our finding expands the mutation spectrum of large FBN1 deletions and emphasizes the importance of screening for large FBN1 deletions in clinical genetic testing, especially for those with classic Marfan phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0178-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Mingyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Guoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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8
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Li J, Wu W, Lu C, Liu Y, Wang R, Si N, Liu F, Zhou J, Zhang S, Zhang X. Gross deletions in FBN1 results in variable phenotypes of Marfan syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:54-59. [PMID: 28842177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mutation in FBN1 is primarily attributed to Marfan syndrome (MFS). So far, >1800 unique FBN1 mutations have been identified, with the vast majority being single-nucleotide substitutions, small deletions, and insertions. The rearrangement of large fragments of FBN1 accounts for only 1.7% of all variants. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of large genomic rearrangements in FBN1 among MFS patients and to evaluate the correlations between genotype and phenotype. METHODS Systematic sequencing of the disease-related genes FBN1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2, was carried out previously for 26 unrelated patients with MFS. No small mutations were found. Subsequently, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed for the detection of copy number variations in these patients. The breakpoints were determined by gap PCR and sequencing. Transcription level analysis was conducted in patients whose RNA sample was available. RESULTS Four gross deletions were identified in FBN1. Three deletions (exons 6, 48-53, and 49-50) were predicted to be in-frame deletions; the remaining deletion (exons 1-36) was expected to induce the loss of one copy of the FBN1 gene. The breakpoints of these four deletions were cloned, and revealed deletion sizes of 16,551, 10,346, 4563, and 187,047bp, respectively. Patients with in-frame deletions of exons 48-53 and 49-50 showed severe clinical phenotypes; Patient with an exon 6 deletion showed mild potential MFS phenotypes. And the patient had classic MFS with a deletion of exons 1-36. CONCLUSIONS We characterized four large genomic rearrangements in FBN1. FBN1 haploinsufficiency correlated with a classic MFS phenotype, while in-frame deletions between exons 24-53 of FBN1 tended to cause severe clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Li
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yaping Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Nuo Si
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fang Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Intragenic multi-exon deletion in the FBN1 gene in a child with mildly dilated aortic sinus: a retrotransposal event. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:711-715. [PMID: 28331219 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting mainly the skeletal, ocular and cardiovascular systems. Most cases are caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), although there are some reports on deletions involving FBN1 and other additional genes. We report a male patient who was first evaluated at 4 years of age. Echocardiogram showed a mildly dilated aortic sinus. He also had a history of muscular ventral septal defect which was closed spontaneously and trivial mitral regurgitation. Other phenotypic features include frontal bossing, anteverted ears, joint hyperlaxity, learning disability, skin striae, and height and weight in the >97th centile but no other diagnostic findings of MFS and does not fulfill the revised Ghent criteria. Chromosomal microarray analysis showed a deletion of approximately 36.8 kb at 15q21.1, which starts in intron 6 and ends in intron 9 and includes three FBN1 exons. Sequence analysis of the breakpoint region confirmed the deletion and revealed a concomitant insertion of a retrotransposon within the intron 6/intron 9 region. The intragenic deletion of exons 7-9 was likely the result of a retrotransposition event by a MAST2-SVA element mediated by repetitive sequences.
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Dordoni C, Ciaccio C, Santoro G, Venturini M, Cavallari U, Ritelli M, Colombi M. Marfan syndrome: Report of a complex phenotype due to a 15q21.1 contiguos gene deletion encompassing FBN1, and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:200-206. [PMID: 27615407 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that primarily involves skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems with large inter- and intra-familial variability in terms of age of onset, severity, and aortic disease. The causal gene, FBN1, encodes for fibrillin 1, a multi-domain glycoprotein essential for many biological functions, including deposition and formation of elastic fibers. Reports describing chromosomal alterations involving FBN1 are rare, but in the last years their number has increased after copy number state analyses, such as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, were adopted as routine diagnostic tools. Herein we report a patient with MFS and an atypical facial appearance and neuropsychiatric involvement likely not attributable to MFS due to a 15q21.1 deletion that involves part of FBN1 and 13 additional contiguous genes listed in OMIM. We compare his phenotype with those of the few patients described in the literature who share similar 15q11.2 deletions. This report expands the phenotype of patients with 15q11.2 deletion involving FBN1 and its contiguous genes, and suggests a possible role for these other genes in the pathogenesis of the observed unusual clinical signs that are not explained by FBN1 haploinsufficiency. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciaccio
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Graziano Santoro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ugo Cavallari
- Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri, Medical Genetics, Cremona, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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FBN1: The disease-causing gene for Marfan syndrome and other genetic disorders. Gene 2016; 591:279-291. [PMID: 27437668 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
FBN1 encodes the gene for fibrillin-1, a structural macromolecule that polymerizes into microfibrils. Fibrillin microfibrils are morphologically distinctive fibrils, present in all connective tissues and assembled into tissue-specific architectural frameworks. FBN1 is the causative gene for Marfan syndrome, an inherited disorder of connective tissue whose major features include tall stature and arachnodactyly, ectopia lentis, and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. More than one thousand individual mutations in FBN1 are associated with Marfan syndrome, making genotype-phenotype correlations difficult. Moreover, mutations in specific regions of FBN1 can result in the opposite features of short stature and brachydactyly characteristic of Weill-Marchesani syndrome and other acromelic dysplasias. How can mutations in one molecule result in disparate clinical syndromes? Current concepts of the fibrillinopathies require an appreciation of tissue-specific fibrillin microfibril microenvironments and the collaborative relationship between the structures of fibrillin microfibril networks and biological functions such as regulation of growth factor signaling.
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A Case Based Approach to Clinical Genetics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm/Dissection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9579654. [PMID: 27314043 PMCID: PMC4897665 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9579654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is a potential lethal condition with a rising incidence. This condition may occur sporadically; nevertheless, it displays familial clustering in >20% of the cases. Family history confers a six- to twentyfold increased risk of TAAD and has to be considered in the identification and evaluation of patients needing an adequate clinical follow-up. Familial TAAD recognizes a number of potential etiologies with a significant genetic heterogeneity, in either syndromic or nonsyndromic forms of the manifestation. The clinical impact and the management of patients with TAAD differ according to the syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of the manifestation. The clinical management of TAAD patients varies, depending on the different forms. Starting from the description of patient history, in this paper, we summarized the state of the art concerning assessment of clinical/genetic profile and therapeutic management of TAAD patients.
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TGF-β signalopathies as a paradigm for translational medicine. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:695-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aortic dilation, genetic testing, and associated diagnoses. Genet Med 2015; 18:356-63. [PMID: 26133393 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to determine the genetic diagnoses most frequently associated with aortic dilation in a large population and to describe the results of genetic testing in the same. METHODS A retrospective review of records from patients with known aortic dilation identified through an echocardiogram database was performed. During the study period, different chromosomal microarray platforms and molecular diagnostic techniques were used. RESULTS A total of 715 patients (mean age, 9.7 years; 67% male) met study inclusion criteria. The overall frequency of underlying presumptive or confirmed genetic diagnoses was 17% (125/715). Molecular evaluation for possible underlying aortopathy-related disorders was performed in 9% of patients (66/715). Next-generation sequencing panels were performed in 16 patients, and pathogenic abnormalities were detected in 4 (25%). Microarrays were conducted in 10% of patients (72/715), with a total of 23 pathogenic copy-number variants identified in 19 patients (26%). Marfan syndrome was the most frequently recognized genetic disorder associated with aortic dilation, but other cytogenetic abnormalities and associated diagnoses also were identified. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis in patients with aortic dilation is broad and includes many conditions outside the common connective tissue disorder spectrum. A genetics evaluation should be considered to assist in the diagnostic evaluation.Genet Med 18 4, 356-363.
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Franken R, Heesterbeek TJ, de Waard V, Zwinderman AH, Pals G, Mulder BJM, Groenink M. Diagnosis and genetics of Marfan syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.950223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wooderchak-Donahue WL, O'Fallon B, Furtado LV, Durtschi JD, Plant P, Ridge PG, Rope AF, Yetman AT, Bayrak-Toydemir P. A direct comparison of next generation sequencing enrichment methods using an aortopathy gene panel- clinical diagnostics perspective. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:50. [PMID: 23148498 PMCID: PMC3534588 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortopathies are a group of disorders characterized by aneurysms, dilation, and tortuosity of the aorta. Because of the phenotypic overlap and genetic heterogeneity of diseases featuring aortopathy, molecular testing is often required for timely and correct diagnosis of affected individuals. In this setting next generation sequencing (NGS) offers several advantages over traditional molecular techniques. Methods The purpose of our study was to compare NGS enrichment methods for a clinical assay targeting the nine genes known to be associated with aortopathy. RainDance emulsion PCR and SureSelect RNA-bait hybridization capture enrichment methods were directly compared by enriching DNA from eight samples. Enriched samples were barcoded, pooled, and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. Depth of coverage, consistency of coverage across samples, and the overlap of variants identified were assessed. This data was also compared to whole-exome sequencing data from ten individuals. Results Read depth was greater and less variable among samples that had been enriched using the RNA-bait hybridization capture enrichment method. In addition, samples enriched by hybridization capture had fewer exons with mean coverage less than 10, reducing the need for followup Sanger sequencing. Variants sets produced were 77% concordant, with both techniques yielding similar numbers of discordant variants. Conclusions When comparing the design flexibility, performance, and cost of the targeted enrichment methods to whole-exome sequencing, the RNA-bait hybridization capture enrichment gene panel offers the better solution for interrogating the aortopathy genes in a clinical laboratory setting.
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Anasagasti A, Irigoyen C, Barandika O, López de Munain A, Ruiz-Ederra J. Current mutation discovery approaches in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Vision Res 2012; 75:117-29. [PMID: 23022136 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With a worldwide prevalence of about 1 in 3500-5000 individuals, Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is the most common form of hereditary retinal degeneration. It is an extremely heterogeneous group of genetically determined retinal diseases leading to progressive loss of vision due to impairment of rod and cone photoreceptors. RP can be inherited as an autosomal-recessive, autosomal-dominant, or X-linked trait. Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns such as digenic, maternal (mitochondrial) or compound heterozygosity have also been reported. To date, more than 65 genes have been implicated in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of RP, which account for only about 60% of all RP cases. Due to this high heterogeneity and diversity of inheritance patterns, the molecular diagnosis of syndromic and non-syndromic RP is very challenging, and the heritability of 40% of total RP cases worldwide remains unknown. However new sequencing methodologies, boosted by the human genome project, have contributed to exponential plummeting in sequencing costs, thereby making it feasible to include molecular testing for RP patients in routine clinical practice within the coming years. Here, we summarize the most widely used state-of-the-art technologies currently applied for the molecular diagnosis of RP, and address their strengths and weaknesses for the molecular diagnosis of such a complex genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Anasagasti
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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Analysis of candidate colitis genes in the Gdac1 locus of mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase-1 and -2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44262. [PMID: 22970191 PMCID: PMC3435402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice that are deficient for glutathione peroxidases 1 and 2 (GPX) show large variations in the penetrance and severity of colitis in C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ backgrounds. We mapped a locus contributing to this difference to distal chromosome 2 (∼119–133 mbp) and named it glutathione peroxidase-deficiency-associated colitis 1 (Gdac1). The aim of this study was to identify the best gene candidates within the Gdac1 locus contributing to the murine colitis phenotype. Method/Principal Findings We refined the boundaries of Gdac1 to 118–125 mbp (95% confidence interval) by increasing sample size and marker density across the interval. The narrowed region contains 128 well-annotated protein coding genes but it excludes Fermt1, a human inflammatory bowel disease candidate that was within the original boundaries of Gdac1. The locus we identified may be the Cdcs3 locus mapped by others studying IL10-knockout mice. Using in silico analysis of the 128 genes, based on published colon expression data, the relevance of pathways to colitis, gene mutations, presence of non-synonymous-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and whether the nsSNPs are predicted to have an impact on protein function or expression, we excluded 42 genes. Based on a similar analysis, twenty-five genes from the remaining 86 genes were analyzed for expression-quantitative-trait loci, and another 15 genes were excluded. Conclusion/Significance Among the remaining 10 genes, we identified Pla2g4f and Duox2 as the most likely colitis gene candidates, because GPX metabolizes PLA2G4F and DUOX2 products. Pla2g4f is a phospholipase A2 that has three potentially significant nsSNP variants and showed expression differences across mouse strains. PLA2G4F produces arachidonic acid, which is a substrate for lipoxygenases and, in turn, for GPXs. DUOX2 produces H2O2 and may control microbial populations. DUOX-1 and -2 control microbial populations in mammalian lung and in the gut of several insects and zebrafish. Dysbiosis is a phenotype that differentiates 129S1/SvImJ from C57BL/6J and may be due to strain differences in DUOX2 activity.
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Hoffjan S. Genetic dissection of marfan syndrome and related connective tissue disorders: an update 2012. Mol Syndromol 2012; 3:47-58. [PMID: 23326250 PMCID: PMC3542934 DOI: 10.1159/000339441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue characterized by early development of thoracic aortic aneurysms/dissections together with symptoms of the ocular and skeletal systems. While most patients/families with a classic phenotypic expression of MFS harbour mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN1), genetic studies of the recent years revealed that the clinical features, as well as the mutated genes, show a high degree of overlap between MFS and other connective tissue diseases (e.g. Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, familial thoracic aneurysms and dissections and others). We summarize herein the current knowledge about the wide spectrum of differential diagnoses and their genetic background as well as novel therapeutic approaches in order to provide appropriate counselling and clinical follow-up for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Colovati ME, da Silva LR, Takeno SS, Mancini TI, N Dutra AR, Guilherme RS, de Mello CB, Melaragno MI, A Perez AB. Marfan syndrome with a complex chromosomal rearrangement including deletion of the FBN1 gene. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:5. [PMID: 22260333 PMCID: PMC3339390 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of Marfan syndrome (MFS) cases is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), mapped to chromosome 15q21.1. Only few reports on deletions including the whole FBN1 gene, detected by molecular cytogenetic techniques, were found in literature. Results We report here on a female patient with clinical symptoms of the MFS spectrum plus craniostenosis, hypothyroidism and intellectual deficiency who presents a 1.9 Mb deletion, including the FBN1 gene and a complex rearrangement with eight breakpoints involving chromosomes 6, 12 and 15. Discussion This is the first report of MFS with a complex chromosome rearrangement involving a deletion of FBN1 and contiguous genes. In addition to the typical clinical findings of the Marfan syndrome due to FBN1 gene haploinsufficiency, the patient presents features which may be due to the other gene deletions and possibly to the complex chromosome rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileny Es Colovati
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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