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Liu J, Wu L, Gu H, Lu M, Zhang J, Zhou H. Detection of N‑glycoprotein associated with IgA nephropathy in urine as a potential diagnostic biomarker using glycosylated proteomic analysis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:478. [PMID: 37753295 PMCID: PMC10518647 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential diagnostic value of urinary N-glycoprotein in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using mass spectrometry (MS). All procedures were performed between June 2021 and June 2023 at Guangan People's Hospital (Guangan, China). Fresh mid-morning fasting midstream urine samples were collected from a total of 30 patients with IgAN and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Data acquired from 6 participants are available through ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD041151. By comparison between the IgAN group (n=3) and healthy controls (n=3) and selection criteria of P<0.05 and |log fold-change|>2, a total of 11 upregulated and 22 downregulated glycoproteins in patients with IgAN were identified. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggested that glycoproteins are involved in various functions, such as the regulation of cell growth, cell adhesion, cellular component organization and protein binding, as well as multiple pathways, including p53, Notch and mTOR signaling pathways. The urine levels of afamin were further measured by ELISA in a validation cohort to assess the diagnostic performance of the single indicator model. In conclusion, MS-based proteomics of urinary glycoproteins may be an alternative option for diagnosing patients with IgAN. Biomarkers of IgAN may include, but are not limited to, CCL25, PD-L1, HLA-DRB1, IL7RD and WDR82. In addition, the levels of urinary AFM indicators are of diagnostic value for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangan People's Hospital, Guangan, Sichuan 638000, P.R. China
| | - Liuguo Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangan People's Hospital, Guangan, Sichuan 638000, P.R. China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangan People's Hospital, Guangan, Sichuan 638000, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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Exploring genes for immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a summary data-based mendelian randomization and FUMA analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 36709307 PMCID: PMC9884184 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a complex autoimmune disease, and the exact pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore genes underlying the pathogenesis of IgAN. METHODS We conducted the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis and performed functional mapping and annotation using FUMA to explore genetic loci that are potentially involved in the pathogenies of IgAN. Both analyses used summarized data of a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) on IgANs, which included 477,784 Europeans (15,587 cases and 462,197 controls) and 175,359 East Asians (71 cases and 175,288 controls). We performed SMR analysis using Consortium for the Architecture of Gene Expression (CAGE) expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data and replicated the analysis using Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) eQTL data. RESULTS Using the CAGE eQTL data, our SMR analysis identified 32 probes tagging 25 unique genes whose expression were pleiotropically associated with IgAN, with the top three probes being ILMN_2150787 (tagging HLA-C, PSMR= 2.10 × 10-18), ILMN_1682717 (tagging IER3, PSMR= 1.07 × 10-16) and ILMN_1661439 (tagging FLOT1, PSMR=1.16 × 10-14). Using GTEx eQTL data, our SMR analysis identified 24 probes tagging 24 unique genes whose expressions were pleiotropically associated with IgAN, with the top three probes being ENSG00000271581.1 (tagging XXbac-BPG248L24.12, PSMR= 1.44 × 10-10), ENSG00000186470.9 (tagging BTN3A2, PSMR= 2.28 × 10-10), and ENSG00000224389.4 (tagging C4B, PSMR= 1.23 × 10 -9). FUMA analysis identified 3 independent, significant and lead SNPs, 2 genomic risk loci and 39 genes that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. CONCLUSION We identified many genetic variants/loci that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. More studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of the identified genetic variants/loci in the etiology of IgAN.
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In JW, Jung K, Shin S, Park KU, Lee H, Song EY. Association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles with Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy in Korean Patients. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:54-62. [PMID: 34374349 PMCID: PMC8368226 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been reported in several ethnic groups. We investigated the association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles with the predisposition for IgAN and disease progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Korean patients. Methods We analyzed HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotypes in 399 IgAN patients between January 2000 and January 2019 using a LIFECODES sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kit (Immucor, Stamford, CT, USA) or a LABType SSO Typing Test (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, USA). Alleles with a significant difference in two-digit resolution were further analyzed using in-house sequence-based typing and sequence-specific primer PCR. As controls, 613 healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors were included. Kidney survival was analyzed in 281 IgAN patients with available clinical and laboratory data using Cox regression analysis. Where needed, P-values were adjusted using Bonferroni correction. Results The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0405 (corrected P [Pc]<0.001), -DQB1*0401 (Pc=0.048), and -DQB1*0302 (Pc=0.021) were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in controls, whereas those of HLA-DRB1*0701, -DRB1*1501, -DQB1*0202, and -DQB1*0602 (Pc<0.001 for all) were significantly lower in IgAN patients than in controls. The allele frequency of HLA-DQB1*0503 (Pc=0.016) was significantly lower in the ESKD group than in the non-ESKD group; however, there was no significant difference for ESKD progression between these groups. Conclusions We report novel associations of HLA-DRB1*1501, DQB1*0202, -DQB1*0302, and -DQB1*0401 with IgAN. Further studies of HLA alleles associated with IgAN progression in a larger cohort and in various ethnic groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won In
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwook Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dittrich D, Maskalan M, Kastelan Z, Palenkic H, Grubic Z. The role of HLA in Balkan endemic nephropathy. Gene 2020; 767:145179. [PMID: 33002571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), a progressive chronic tubulointerstitial disease, occurs in the endemic focus of Croatia in a population of about 10,000 inhabitants. One of its most peculiar characteristics is a strong association with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Despite a high number of studies, currently there are insufficient data about the association of BEN and HLA genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles and haplotypes among BEN patients and to determine whether an association between HLA and BEN exists. In this study, we investigated HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles and haplotypes in a population of patients with BEN (N = 111) and matched healthy controls (N = 190). All individuals were tested by PCR-SSO and PCR-SSP methods to assess the possible contribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes to the development of/protection from BEN. Our results showed a positive association between the presence of HLA-B*35:02 and DRB1*04:02 alleles and BEN (P = 0.0179 and P = 0.0151, respectively) in contrast to the protective effect of HLA-A*01:01, B*27:05 and B*57:01 alleles (P = 0.0111, P = 0.0330 and P = 0.0318, respectively). Moreover, when BEN patients' HLA haplotypes were compared to controls, two haplotypes were associated with BEN susceptibility among Croatians (HLA-A*02:01~B*08:01~DRB1*03:01 and HLA-A*02:01~B*27:02~DRB1*16:01, P = 0.0064 and P = 0.0023, respectively), while haplotypes HLA-A*02:01~B*27:05~DRB1*01:01 and HLA-A*02:01~B*38:01~DRB1*13:01 each showed a possible protective effect (P = 0.0495). Our results point toward genetic susceptibility to BEN and observed differences in both susceptible/protective HLA profiles indicate the necessity of further studies in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Dittrich
- Department of Urology, General Hospital "Dr. Josip Bencevic", Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Marija Maskalan
- Tissue Typing Centre, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Kastelan
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Palenkic
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital "Dr. Josip Bencevic", Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Zorana Grubic
- Tissue Typing Centre, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Pan Q, Ma X, Chen H, Fan S, Wang X, You Y, Wang Z, Sun L, Zhao X, Shen J, Tan R, Gong G, Gu M. A single center study of protective and susceptible HLA alleles and haplotypes with end-stage renal disease in China. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:943-947. [PMID: 31521393 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a global public health problem and usually cause End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the end of progression. To analyze the associations of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles at high resolution with ESRD in Jiangsu province of China, a total of 499 unrelated patients with ESRD from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University and 1584 healthy controls from Jiangsu Branch of Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) were genotyped at HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci. Statistical analysis was applied to compare the differences of HLA allele frequencies between patients with ESRD and healthy controls. As results, no protective allele at A locus was found and the susceptible alleles were A*11:01 and A*31:01. At B locus, B*15:01, B*55:02 and B*39:05 emerged as susceptible alleles, whereas no protective allele was found. At C locus, C*06:02 and C*07:01 emerged as protective alleles and no susceptible allele was found. At DRB1 locus, six alleles including DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*04:04, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*11:01 and DRB1*12:02 emerged as susceptible alleles, while DRB1*15:01 emerged as a protective allele. At DQB1 locus, DQB1*02:01, DQB1*03:01, DQB1*03:02 and DQB1*04:01 emerged as susceptible alleles, while DQB1*06:02 and DQB1*06:09 emerged as protective alleles. Haplotype A*11:01-C*03:03-B*15:01-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01 containing four susceptible alleles was regarded as the most susceptible haplotype. The susceptible alleles and haplotypes might be used as some important risk classification markers. Besides, in the consanguineous renal transplantation, it would be very beneficial for the long-term survival of renal transplant patients to avoid the susceptible alleles and haplotypes in selecting optimal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pan
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Su Fan
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yajie You
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of HLA Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Min Gu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
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Robson KJ, Ooi JD, Holdsworth SR, Rossjohn J, Kitching AR. HLA and kidney disease: from associations to mechanisms. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:636-655. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang B, Zhang J, Liu X, Huang Z, Su Z, Liao Y, Wang L. Genetic polymorphisms in HLA-DP and STAT4 are associated with IgA nephropathy in a Southwest Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7066-7074. [PMID: 29467950 PMCID: PMC5805536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide. Genetic factors are thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis of IgAN. However, few data are available on the relationship between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) polymorphisms and IgAN susceptibility in the Chinese population. Therefore, we examined HLA-DP/DQ and STAT4 polymorphisms (rs3077, rs9277535, rs7453920 and rs7574865) in a total of 630 subjects including 140 IgAN and 490 healthy controls in Chinese. There were significant associations between IgAN patients and healthy controls in the allele frequency of rs3077, rs9277535 and rs7574865. In addition, the genotypes of rs3077, rs9277535 and rs7574865 were also significantly associated with IgAN under recessive models. Moreover, the haplotypes block AAG, AGG, GAG and GGA in the HLA gene significantly correlated with the risk of IgAN. This is the first study demonstrating the significant associations of SNP rs3077, rs9277535 and rs7574865 and the haplotypes in the HLA gene with the risk of IgAN in a Southwest Chinese population. This research provides a new insight into the significant relationship between HLA-DP and STAT4 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinle Liu
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Su
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, Chengdu, China
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Nie R, Cheng G, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wang C, Liu J, Qin X. The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017. [PMID: 28636500 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2016.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. We enrolled 5 subjects in this meta-analysis, including a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects. We performed meta-analysis on associations between rs1047763, rs1008898, and IgAN using the allele model, dominant model, recessive model, and additive model. We found that there was no relationship between rs1047763 and rs1008898 in C1GALT1 and susceptibility to IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Nie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Guixue Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
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Wu J, Song Y, Chen F, Xiao H. Study on the association of the polymorphism of HLA-II gene with leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:224-228. [PMID: 28693157 PMCID: PMC5494818 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the association between the HLA-II gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of leukemia. For this study, we selected 53 patients with leukemia treated at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 2014 to September 2015 and 46 healthy patients as the control group. We used polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers for DNA typing which was carried out to analyze the patients HLA-A/B gene polymorphism. We also used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting method to measure the protein expression of different genotypes and activity. Compared to the control group, HLA-A04, B08 gene frequencies were significantly lower than those of HLA-A04, B08 gene frequencies of the observation group; results were statistically significant (χ2=16.28, P<0.05; χ2=16.47, P<0.05). However, in the control group, the frequency of HLA-A09 gene was significantly higher than that of the observation group; there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=15.28, P<0.05). Through the measurement of the protein expression levels of the different genotypes in the control group and the observation group, it was found that in the observation group, HLA-A04, B08 protein contents (4.6 and 3.2 µg/l) were significantly higher than those of the control group (0.13 and 0.1 µg/l). While the control group HLA-A09 genotype protein content (3.7 µg/l) was significantly higher than that of the observation group (0.2 µg/l); there were significant differences between both (P<0.05). Therefore, there is a significant correlation between HLA-II gene polymorphism and leukemia that is higher than HLA-A04 and B08 gene frequency and can help promote the occurrence of leukemia. The higher frequency of HLA-A09 gene can help to suppress the occurrence of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Respiration, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Zhu L, Zhang H. The Genetics of IgA Nephropathy: An Overview from China. KIDNEY DISEASES 2015; 1:27-32. [PMID: 27536662 DOI: 10.1159/000381740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Highly variable data for disease prevalence and reports of familial clustering suggest the involvement of genetic factors in IgAN. As China is an area with a high prevalence of IgAN, Chinese scholars have made a considerable effort to reveal the underlying genetic architecture of IgAN. SUMMARY In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the genetic studies of IgAN, focusing mainly on studies undertaken in China. Early association studies followed a population-based design and focused on a single variant or single gene. Subsequently, family-based designs and genetic interactions applied by Chinese scholars revealed an association of variants in MEGSIN and glycosyltransferase genes with IgAN. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to identify multiple susceptibility loci for IgAN, and they have, for the most part, been validated in Chinese populations. KEY MESSAGE More efforts should be made to explore the underlying genetic mechanisms of GWAS-identified variants. In future studies in IgAN, the application of a systems genetics approach would be helpful and productive. FACTS FROM EAST AND WEST The reported prevalence of IgAN is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America. However, differences in use of biopsy for the diagnosis of IgAN should be taken into account in analyzing data from both East and West. In Europe, IgAN affects men more frequently than women; this is not the case in Asia. Familial IgAN has been more frequently reported in Europe than in Asia. Within Europe, familial IgAN is more evident in southern than in northern populations. Changes in the pattern of serum IgA1 O-glycosylation is a common finding in IgAN patients in the East and West. SNPs within the gene coding for the enzyme C1GALT1 have been reported in Chinese and European patients. However, there is no evidence for a role of gene polymorphism of the C1GALT1 chaperone cosmc in Europeans. Genetic variants in the HLA gene family have been observed in populations from the East and West. Associations between IgAN and variants of the TAP1/PSMB and DEFA genes were observed in Asian but not in Western patients. Association with the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was seen only in Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Hainline A, Alvarez C, Luedtke A, Greco B, Beck A, Tintle NL. Evaluation of the power and type I error of recently proposed family-based tests of association for rare variants. BMC Proc 2014; 8:S36. [PMID: 25519321 PMCID: PMC4143711 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s1-s36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Until very recently, few methods existed to analyze rare-variant association with binary phenotypes in complex pedigrees. We consider a set of recently proposed methods applied to the simulated and real hypertension phenotype as part of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18. Minimal power of the methods is observed for genes containing variants with weak effects on the phenotype. Application of the methods to the real hypertension phenotype yielded no genes meeting a strict Bonferroni cutoff of significance. Some prior literature connects 3 of the 5 most associated genes (p <1 × 10−4) to hypertension or related phenotypes. Further methodological development is needed to extend these methods to handle covariates, and to explore more powerful test alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hainline
- Department of Statistics, Baylor University, 1311 S 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alexander Luedtke
- Divison of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, 101 Sproul Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brian Greco
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Grinnell College, 733 Broad St., Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Andrew Beck
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, 498 4th Ave. NE, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA
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Correlation analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy/membranous nephropathy. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:2806-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McCarlie VW, Hartsfield JK, Blum JS, González-Cabezas C, Chin JR, Eckert GJ, Morford LA, Pescovitz MD, Rodriguez H, Fontana M, Gregory RL. Total IgA and IgA reactivity to antigen I/II epitopes in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects. OPEN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 3:82-92. [PMID: 24386612 PMCID: PMC3875298 DOI: 10.4236/oji.2013.33012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adherence to the acquired dental pellicle, important in dental caries (caries), is mediated by receptor-adhesins such as salivary agglutinin binding to Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (I/II). Ten selected I/II epitopes were chosen to determine their reactivity to human salivary IgA. Previous studies suggested that a specific HLA biomarker group (HLA-DRB1*04) may have differential influence of immune responses to I/II. However, it was not known whether secretory IgA (SIgA) responses to the selected epitopes from HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects were different compared to controls, or across other caries-related factors such as total IgA (TIgA). Thirty-two total subjects were matched according to HLA type, gender, ethnicity and age. HLA genotyping, oral bacterial, immunoglobulin and antibody analyses were performed. A large observed difference emerged with regard to the natural immune reservoir of TIgA in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects, specifically, a 27.6% reduction compared to controls. In contrast to all other epitopes studied, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects also exhibited reduced reactivity to I/II epitope 834-853. HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower specific SIgA activity/TIgA to 834-853 and also a lower specific reactivity to 834-853/whole cell S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower responses to I/II in its entirety. The large observed difference in TIgA and the 834-853 reactivity pattern across multiple measures suggest potentially important connections pertaining to the link between HLA-DRB1*04 and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Wallace McCarlie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
| | - James K. Hartsfield
- Center for Oral Health Research, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Colleges of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Janice S. Blum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Carlos González-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Judith R. Chin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Lorri A. Morford
- Center for Oral Health Research, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Mark D. Pescovitz
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Margherita Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Richard L. Gregory
- Departments of Oral Biology and Preventive and Community Dentistry, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
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Floege J. Primary glomerulonephritis: A review of important recent discoveries. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2013; 32:103-10. [PMID: 26877924 PMCID: PMC4714100 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The publication of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines on the treatment of glomerular diseases in 2012 marked a milestone in this field, as it is the first time that comprehensive guidelines are provided for such disease entities. The current review focuses on major findings, both pathogenesis related and clinical, in the primary glomerulonephritis that have been made after the guidelines came into effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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