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de Melo IG, Tavares V, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction to Cancer Susceptibility and Progression: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the Genetic Risk Component. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4845-4873. [PMID: 38785560 PMCID: PMC11120512 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a challenging clinical obstacle in oncological settings, marked by elevated incidence rates and resulting morbidity and mortality. In the context of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a crucial role in promoting a pro-thrombotic environment as endothelial cells lose their ability to regulate blood flow and coagulation. Moreover, emerging research suggests that this disorder may not only contribute to CAT but also impact tumorigenesis itself. Indeed, a dysfunctional endothelium may promote resistance to therapy and favour tumour progression and dissemination. While extensive research has elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms of ED pathogenesis, the genetic component remains a focal point of investigation. This comprehensive narrative review thus delves into the genetic landscape of ED and its potential ramifications on cancer progression. A thorough examination of genetic variants, specifically polymorphisms, within key genes involved in ED pathogenesis, namely eNOS, EDN1, ACE, AGT, F2, SELP, SELE, VWF, ICAM1, and VCAM1, was conducted. Overall, these polymorphisms seem to play a context-dependent role, exerting both oncogenic and tumour suppressor effects depending on the tumour and other environmental factors. In-depth studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms connecting these DNA variations to the pathogenesis of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Abdel Ghafar MT, Helmy AA. Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 124:165-220. [PMID: 38408799 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is known to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance, it has recently been linked to a number of biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cellular proliferation, increasing the risk of cancer development and progression. Multiple genetic variants have been found to affect the genes encoding RAAS components, altering gene transcription and protein expression. This review provides an up-to-date insight into the role of RAAS in carcinogenesis, as well as the impact of RAAS genetic variants on the risk of cancer development, progression, and patient survival and outcomes, as well as response to treatment. This paves the way for the application of precision medicine in cancer risk assessment and management by implementing preventative programs in individuals at risk and guiding the therapeutic direction in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya A Helmy
- Clinical Pathology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Associations between AGT M235T Polymorphism and Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2022; 2022:7862709. [PMID: 35317386 PMCID: PMC8916873 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7862709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between AGT gene M235T polymorphism and the susceptibility to cancer by performing an updated meta-analysis. This study retrospectively searched related articles in the electronic databases. Afterwards, we determined combined odds ratios (ORs) and related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by the fixed- or random-effects model. The present meta-analysis enrolled altogether 9 articles. On the whole, the relationship between AGT M235T polymorphism and the cancer risk was not significant among the entire population (TT vs. MM: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 0.80 − 2.04; TM vs. MM: OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.53 − 1.52; recessive model: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.83 − 1.52; dominant model: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.55 − 1.57). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity, cancer type, and study quality for the relationship between the AGT M235T polymorphism and cancer risk showed no significant association. According to findings in the present meta-analysis, AGT M235T polymorphism may not be related to cancer susceptibility.
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Samara M, Papathanassiou M, Farmakioti I, Anagnostou M, Satra M, Mitrakas L, Anastasiou D, Chasiotis G, Christopoulos A, Anagnostou A, Christodoulou A, Daponte A, Ioannou M, Koukoulis G, Tzortzis V, Vlachostergios PJ. Renin-Angiotensin System Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4702-4708. [PMID: 34898568 PMCID: PMC8628720 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), besides being a major regulator of blood pressure, is also involved in tumor angiogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the use of pharmacologic RAS inhibitors and a delay in urothelial bladder cancer (BC) progression. However, it is unknown whether RAS gene variants may predispose to the development of BC. This study examined the association of RAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including AT1R rs5186, AT2R rs11091046, REN rs12750834, ANG rs4762, and ANG rs699 with the risk of developing non-invasive BC. Peripheral blood samples from 73 patients with T1 urothelial BC (66 men, seven women) and an equal number of healthy subjects (control group) were collected. The TT genotype of the REN rs12750834 SNP (OR: 2.8 [1.3–6.05], p = 0.008) and to a lesser extent the presence of the T allele (OR: 2.3 [1.2–4.48], p = 0.01) conferred a higher risk of BC. The highest risk for BC within SNP carriers of the RAS system was associated with the presence of the CC genotype (OR: 17.6 [7.5–41.35], p < 0.001) and C allele (OR: 17.7 [8.8–35.9], p < 0.001) of the ANG rs699 SNP. The presence of the AT2R rs11091046 SNP, particularly the AA genotype, was associated with a protective effect against developing BC (OR: 0.268 [0.126–057], p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results support the clinical utility of RAS gene SNPs AT2R rs11091046, REN rs12750834, and ANG rs699 in the genetic cancer risk assessment of patients and families with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Samara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (M.P.); (I.F.); (M.A.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Maria Papathanassiou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (M.P.); (I.F.); (M.A.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Ioanna Farmakioti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (M.P.); (I.F.); (M.A.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Maria Anagnostou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (M.P.); (I.F.); (M.A.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Maria Satra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Lampros Mitrakas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Georgios Chasiotis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Agamemnon Christopoulos
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Athanasios Anagnostou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Anastasios Christodoulou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandros Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (M.P.); (I.F.); (M.A.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - George Koukoulis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (M.P.); (I.F.); (M.A.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Vassilios Tzortzis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (L.M.); (D.A.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.J.V.)
| | - Panagiotis J. Vlachostergios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (P.J.V.)
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Cheng Z, Liu Z. Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 20:1470320319881932. [PMID: 31642377 PMCID: PMC6811762 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319881932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin system gene has been implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, the details of that role remain controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the correlation between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer. METHODS We retrieved relevant studies from PubMed and Embase. Subsequently, fixed or random-effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified six studies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, and two studies of the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism. The angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism did not significantly correlate with colorectal cancer risk in the total population (DD vs. II: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.39-1.50; DI vs. II: OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85-1.30; dominant model: OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.68-1.31; recessive model: OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.80-1.27). Similarly, the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (TT vs. MM: OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.52-3.67; TM vs. MM: OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.96-1.47; dominant model: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.14; recessive model: OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.53-2.59). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D and angiotensinogen M235T polymorphisms are unlikely to correlate with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- International Healthcare Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Laboratory Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, China
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Lin J, Chen J, Liu C. AGT M235T variant is not associated with risk of cancer. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:448-52. [PMID: 23846033 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313496859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of cancer. However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the association of AGT M235T variant with cancer risk. METHODS Published literature from PubMed and Embase were retrieved. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS A total of seven articles including eight studies (3639 cancer cases and 6684 controls) for AGT M235T variant were included. The present meta-analysis showed that AGT M235T variant was marginally associated with cancer risk under dominant model (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.02-1.24). However, the positive association was not stable after sensitivity analysis. Further subgroup analysis by cancer type did not suggest any association of AGT M235T variant with various cancers (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrated that AGT M235T variant was not associated with risk of all cancer or various cancers. Further well-designed studies with large sample size should be conducted to confirm or refute the non-significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Xiangshan County, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Medical school, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Chibo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
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