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Li S, Xiong F, Zhang S, Liu J, Gao G, Xie J, Wang Y. Oligonucleotide therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102184. [PMID: 38665220 PMCID: PMC11044058 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a severe disease subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is thought to be highly associated with systemic metabolic abnormalities. It is characterized by a series of substantial liver damage, including hepatocellular steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The end stage of NASH, in some cases, may result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nowadays a large number of investigations are actively under way to test various therapeutic strategies, including emerging oligonucleotide drugs (e.g., antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, mimic/inhibitor RNA, and small activating RNA) that have shown high potential in treating this fatal liver disease. This article systematically reviews the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD, the promising druggable targets proven by current studies in chemical compounds or biological drug development, and the feasibility and limitations of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic approaches under clinical or pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
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2
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Fu J, Dong H, Wu J, Jin Y. Emerging Progress of RNA-Based Antitumor Therapeutics. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3159-3183. [PMID: 37416764 PMCID: PMC10321292 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics (e.g., mRNAs, siRNAs, microRNAs, ASOs, and saRNAs) have considerable potential for tumor treatment. The development and optimization of RNA modifications and delivery systems enable the stable and efficient delivery of RNA cargos in vivo to elicit an antitumor response. Targeted RNA-based therapeutics with multiple specificities and high efficacies are now available. In this review, we discuss progress in RNA-based antitumor therapeutics, including mRNAs, siRNAs, miRNAs, ASOs, saRNAs, RNA aptamers, and CRISPR-based gene editing. We focus on the immunogenicity, stability, translation efficiency, and delivery of RNA drugs, and summarize their optimization and the development of delivery systems. In addition, we describe the mechanisms by which RNA-based therapeutics induce antitumor responses. Furthermore, we review the merits and limitations of RNA cargos and their therapeutic potential for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyang Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310006, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Tan CP, Sinigaglia L, Gomez V, Nicholls J, Habib NA. RNA Activation-A Novel Approach to Therapeutically Upregulate Gene Transcription. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216530. [PMID: 34770939 PMCID: PMC8586927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a mechanism whereby RNA oligos complementary to genomic sequences around the promoter region of genes increase the transcription output of their target gene. Small activating RNA (saRNA) mediate RNAa through interaction with protein co-factors to facilitate RNA polymerase II activity and nucleosome remodeling. As saRNA are small, versatile and safe, they represent a new class of therapeutics that can rescue the downregulation of critical genes in disease settings. This review highlights our current understanding of saRNA biology and describes various examples of how saRNA are successfully used to treat various oncological, neurological and monogenic diseases. MTL-CEBPA, a first-in-class compound that reverses CEBPA downregulation in oncogenic processes using CEBPA-51 saRNA has entered clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preclinical models demonstrate that MTL-CEBPA reverses the immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells and allows for the synergistic enhancement of other anticancer drugs. Encouraging results led to the initiation of a clinical trial combining MTL-CEBPA with a PD-1 inhibitor for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Ping Tan
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
| | - Valentí Gomez
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
| | - Joanna Nicholls
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nagy A. Habib
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)20-3313-8574
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4
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Ghanbarian H, Aghamiri S, Eftekhary M, Wagner N, Wagner KD. Small Activating RNAs: Towards the Development of New Therapeutic Agents and Clinical Treatments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030591. [PMID: 33800164 PMCID: PMC8001863 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small double-strand RNA (dsRNA) molecules can activate endogenous genes via an RNA-based promoter targeting mechanism. RNA activation (RNAa) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism present in diverse eukaryotic organisms ranging from nematodes to humans. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) involved in RNAa have been successfully used to activate gene expression in cultured cells, and thereby this emergent technique might allow us to develop various biotechnological applications, without the need to synthesize hazardous construct systems harboring exogenous DNA sequences. Accordingly, this thematic issue aims to provide insights into how RNAa cellular machinery can be harnessed to activate gene expression leading to a more effective clinical treatment of various diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain/metabolism
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle Development/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- RNA, Double-Stranded/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Small Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Small Untranslated/therapeutic use
- Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/genetics
- Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghanbarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Shahin Aghamiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Mohamad Eftekhary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-493-3776-65 (K.-D.W.)
| | - Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-493-3776-65 (K.-D.W.)
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5
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Yang K, Shen J, Tan FQ, Zheng XY, Xie LP. Antitumor Activity of Small Activating RNAs Induced PAWR Gene Activation in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3039-3049. [PMID: 34220332 PMCID: PMC8241776 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) have been proved to effectively up-regulate the expression of particular genes by targeting their promoters. These small dsRNAs were also termed small activating RNAs (saRNAs). We previously reported that several small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator (PAWR) promoter can up-regulate PAWR gene expression effectively in human cancer cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor potential of PAWR gene induction by these saRNAs in bladder cancer. Promisingly, we found that up-regulation of PAWR by saRNA inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest which was related to inhibition of anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inactivation of the NF-κB and Akt pathways. The activation of the caspase cascade and the regulation of cell cycle related proteins also supported the efficacy of the treatment. Moreover, our study also showed that these saRNAs cooperated with cisplatin in the inhibition of bladder cancer cells. Overall, these data suggest that activation of PAWR by saRNA may have a therapeutic benefit for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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6
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Szeliga M. Thiadiazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1079-1100. [PMID: 32880874 PMCID: PMC7550299 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of substantial progress made toward understanding cancer pathogenesis, this disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, more effective anticancer therapeutics. Thiadiazole ring is a versatile scaffold widely studied in medicinal chemistry. Mesoionic character of this ring allows thiadiazole-containing compounds to cross cellular membrane and interact strongly with biological targets. Consequently, these compounds exert a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review presents the current state of knowledge on thiadiazole derivatives that demonstrate in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy across the cancer models with an emphasis on targets of action. The influence of the substituent on the compounds' activity is depicted. Furthermore, the results from clinical trials assessing thiadiazole-containing drugs in cancer patients are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Zhang Q, Yang X, Luo L, Ma X, Jiao W, Li B, Zhang M, Zhao K, Niu H. Targeted p21 activation by a new double stranded RNA suppresses human prostate cancer cells growth and metastasis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4175-4188. [PMID: 32913496 PMCID: PMC7476130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that miR-1236-3p and its sequence homology dsRNA, dsRNA-245 (which is completely complementary to the p21 promoter) had potential ability to upregulate p21 expression by targeting specific promoter sequence and inhibited bladder cancer (BCa). However, we still know little about the effect of miR-1236-3p on prostate cancer and which dsRNA has an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer (PCa)? Here, we confirmed that miR-1236-3p was decreased in PCa cells and tissues. MiR-1236-3p inhibited PCa cells growth and metastasis by activating p21. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dsP21-245 could inhibit PCa cells growth and metastasis by activating p21 expression. Microarray experiments displayed that miR-1236-3p could affect AKT signaling pathway. We demonstrated that miR-1236-3p significantly suppressed the AKT pathway by inhibiting TLR2 expression while activating p21 expression in PCa cells; this influence was independent of p21 activation. In summary, our results provided evidence that both endogenous and exogenous small RNAs might function to induce p21 expression by interacting with the same promoter region, therefore impeding PCa development. Additionally, our results indicated that miRNA activation could activate the expression of some unknown genes as well as cell signaling pathways. This indicated the need for the further study of clinical applications of RNA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaocheng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Kaidong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
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8
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Emerging Contribution of PancRNAs in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082035. [PMID: 32722129 PMCID: PMC7464463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
“Cancer” includes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal growth beyond natural boundaries. Neoplastic transformation of cells is orchestrated by multiple molecular players, including oncogenic transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, RNA binding proteins, and coding and noncoding transcripts. The use of computational methods for global and quantitative analysis of RNA processing regulation provides new insights into the genomic and epigenomic features of the cancer transcriptome. In particular, noncoding RNAs are emerging as key molecular players in oncogenesis. Among them, the promoter-associated noncoding RNAs (pancRNAs) are noncoding transcripts acting in cis to regulate their host genes, including tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In this review, we will illustrate the role played by pancRNAs in cancer biology and will discuss the latest findings that connect pancRNAs with cancer risk and progression. The molecular mechanisms involved in the function of pancRNAs may open the path to novel therapeutic opportunities, thus expanding the repertoire of targets to be tested as anticancer agents in the near future.
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9
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Developing small activating RNA as a therapeutic: current challenges and promises. Ther Deliv 2020; 10:151-164. [PMID: 30909853 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) allows specific gene upregulation mediated by a small activating RNA (saRNA). Harnessing this process would help in developing novel therapeutics for undruggable diseases. Since its discovery in mid 2000s, improvements of saRNA design, synthetic chemistry and understanding of the biology have matured the way to apply RNAa. Indeed, MiNA therapeutics Ltd has conducted the first RNAa clinical trial for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients with promising outcomes. However, to fully realize the RNAa potential better saRNA delivery strategies are needed to target other diseases. Currently, saRNA can be delivered in vivo by lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipid and polymer hybrids and aptamers. Further developing these delivery technologies and novel application of RNAa will prove to be invaluable for new treatment development.
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10
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Lv M, Zhuang X, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Wu D, Wang X, Qiao T. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid enhances the cisplatin sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression via p21-dependent signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:209-228. [PMID: 32562082 PMCID: PMC8012341 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-based therapy is a widely used chemotherapeutic regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, drug resistance limits its efficacy. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a bioactive compound from frankincense, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of AKBA in combination with cisplatin as a new regimen for NSCLC. CCK8 assay and clone formation assay were used to determine the effects of AKBA in combination with cisplatin on cell viability of NSCLC cell lines. A three-dimensional spherification assay was used to simulate in vivo tumor formation. Flow cytometry was performed to examine cell cycle distribution and the percentages of apoptotic cells. The associated proteins and mRNA of cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy were measured by western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence assay was used to test apoptotic nuclei and autolysosome. Small interfering RNA experiments were used to silence the expression of p21. Combination treatment of AKBA and cisplatin inhibited cell viability, clone formation, and three-dimensional spherification, enhanced G0/G1 phase arrest, increased the percentages of apoptotic cells, and decreased the ratio of positive autolysosomes, compared with cisplatin alone. AKBA in combination with cisplatin suppressed the protein expressions of cyclin A2, cyclin E1, p-cdc2, CDK4, Bcl-xl, Atg5, and LC3A/B, and upregulated p27 and p21 mRNA levels in A549 cells. Downregulation of p21 decreased G0/G1 phase arrest and the percentages of apoptotic cells, and promoted autophagy in NSCLC A549 cells. Our study demonstrates that AKBA enhances the cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells and that the mechanisms involve G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression via targeting p21-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Lv
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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11
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Maghsoudnia N, Baradaran Eftekhari R, Naderi Sohi A, Norouzi P, Akbari H, Ghahremani MH, Soleimani M, Amini M, Samadi H, Dorkoosh FA. Mitochondrial delivery of microRNA mimic let-7b to NSCLC cells by PAMAM-based nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2020; 28:818-830. [PMID: 32452217 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1774594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many biological mechanisms including cellular metabolism and cell death are regulated by mitochondria known as powerhouse of the cell. Recently, let-7b, a tumour-suppressor microRNA has been detected in mitochondria of human cells targeting several mitochondrial-encoded respiratory chain genes. Triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) is one of the major classes of mitochondriotropics that possess the ability of specifically targeting the mitochondria. PAMAM dendrimers are one of the most available agents in gene delivery due to their well-defined and beneficial features such as large density of surface functional groups. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide has been demonstrated to have the abilities such as good biocompatibility and targeting CD44 overexpressed receptors on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In this research, let-7b-PAMAM (G5)-TPP and let-7b-PAMAM (G5)-TPP-HA nano-carriers were designed to deliver let-7b miRNA mimic to NSCLC cells' mitochondria as a novel way of cancer cells inhibition. Nano-carriers were capable of being successfully taken up by A549 cells and localised in mitochondria environment. Let-7b loaded nanoparticles reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis significantly. Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative function was decreased resulting in nanoparticles effect on mitochondria. Application of mitochondria targeted-miRNA delivery systems could regulate cellular functions to inhibit lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Maghsoudnia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Baradaran Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Naderi Sohi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Norouzi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Samadi
- Science and Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Al Bitar S, Gali-Muhtasib H. The Role of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 cip1/waf1 in Targeting Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101475. [PMID: 31575057 PMCID: PMC6826572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 mediates various biological activities by sensing and responding to multiple stimuli, via p53-dependent and independent pathways. p21 is known to act as a tumor suppressor mainly by inhibiting cell cycle progression and allowing DNA repair. Significant advances have been made in elucidating the potential role of p21 in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the involvement of p21 in multiple signaling pathways, its dual role in cancer, and the importance of understanding its paradoxical functions for effectively designing therapeutic strategies that could selectively inhibit its oncogenic activities, override resistance to therapy and yet preserve its tumor suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
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13
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MicroRNA in Lung Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020265. [PMID: 30813457 PMCID: PMC6406837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer, with distant metastasis frequently developing in lung cancer, even at initial diagnosis, resulting in poor prognosis and high mortality. However, available biomarkers cannot reliably predict cancer spreading sites. The metastatic cascade involves highly complicated processes including invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that are tightly controlled by various genetic expression modalities along with interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, can influence the transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, with dysregulation of miRNA expression contributing to the regulation of cancer metastasis. Nevertheless, although miRNA-targeted therapy is widely studied in vitro and in vivo, this strategy currently affords limited feasibility and a few miRNA-targeted therapies for lung cancer have entered into clinical trials to date. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of metastasis will thus provide additional potential targets for lung cancer treatment. This review discusses the current research related to the role of miRNAs in lung cancer invasion and metastasis, with a particular focus on the different metastatic lesions and potential miRNA-targeted treatments for lung cancer with the expectation that further exploration of miRNA-targeted therapy may establish a new spectrum of lung cancer treatments.
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14
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Yoon S, Rossi JJ. Therapeutic Potential of Small Activating RNAs (saRNAs) in Human Cancers. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2018; 19:604-610. [PMID: 29804529 PMCID: PMC6204660 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180528084059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: RNA is increasingly recognized as a powerful molecule that can be used to control gene expression. Sophisticated, well-engineered RNA-based regulators are being developed as oligotherapeutics. Methods: In particular, small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are promising therapeutic options for targeting human diseases. Numerous saRNAs targeting multiple cancers have been developed in preclinical models. One saRNA targeting C/EBPα is currently undergoing clinical trials in liver cancer. Results and Conclusion: In this review, we describe the current working model of the intracellular mechanism of saRNA, discuss the recent progress of saRNA therapeutics in preclinical and clinical trials, and current advances in targeted delivery using aptamers in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorah Yoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - John J Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
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15
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Chen H, Shen HX, Lin YW, Mao YQ, Liu B, Xie LP. Small RNA-induced INTS6 gene up-regulation suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by regulating β-catenin signaling. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1602-1613. [PMID: 29895194 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1475825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs play an important role in gene regulatory networks. The gene suppressive effect of small RNAs was previously the dominant focus of studies, but during the recent decade, small RNA-induced gene activation has been reported and has become a notable gene manipulation technique. In this study, a putative tumor suppressor, INTS6, was activated by introducing a promoter-targeted small RNA (dsRNA-915) into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Unique dynamics associated with the gene upregulation phenomenon was observed. Following gene activation, cell proliferation and motility were suppressed in vitro. Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was observed during the activation period, and the impairment of β-catenin degradation reversed the tumor suppressor effects of INTS6. These results suggest the potential application of small activating RNAs in targeted gene therapy for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Hai-Xiang Shen
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Ye-Qing Mao
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Ben Liu
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
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16
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Wang XY, Yuan L, Li YL, Gan SJ, Ren L, Zhang F, Jiang J, Qi XW. RNA activation technique and its applications in cancer research. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:584-593. [PMID: 29736305 PMCID: PMC5934550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a mechanism of gene activation mediated by small activating RNAs. The activation of gene expression by small activating RNA has excellent targeting specificity and flexibility, with a persistent and strong effect. Studies have shown that the RNAa technique has broad prospects for application in the research on tumor pathogenesis and the treatment of tumors. This paper reviews the literature on RNAa with regard to the course of discovery, the mechanisms and characteristics of action, and the current status and prospects of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Si-Jie Gan
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Qi
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
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17
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Ngoc NB, Lv P, Zhao WE. Suppressive effects of lycopene and β-carotene on the viability of the human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line EC109. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6727-6732. [PMID: 29731858 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of carotenoids in different types of cancer are receiving increasing attention. In the present study, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the effect of lycopene and β-carotene on the viability of EC109 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells was investigated. The viability of EC109 cells was evaluated using MTT assays. The effects of lycopene and β-carotene on the expression of PPARγ, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blotting. Lycopene and β-carotene (5-40 µM) dose- and time-dependently reduced the viability of the EC109 cells. GW9662, an irreversible PPARγ antagonist, partly attenuated the decrease in EC109 cell viability induced by these carotenoids. Lycopene and β-carotene treatments upregulated the expression of PPARγ and p21WAF1/CIP1, and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2. These modulatory effects of the carotenoid treatments were suppressed by GW9662, suggesting that the inhibition of EC109 cell viability by lycopene and β-carotene involves PPARγ signaling pathways and the modulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ba Ngoc
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.,Faculty of Food Industry, College of Food Industry, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pin Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Wen-En Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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18
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Wang LL, Guo HH, Zhan Y, Feng CL, Huang S, Han YX, Zheng WS, Jiang JD. Specific up-regulation of p21 by a small active RNA sequence suppresses human colorectal cancer growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25055-25065. [PMID: 28445988 PMCID: PMC5421909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The double stranded small active RNA (saRNA)- p21-saRNA-322 inhibits tumor growth by stimulating the p21 gene expression. We focused our research of p21-saRNA-322 on colorectal cancer because 1) p21 down-regulation is a signature abnormality of the cancer, and 2) colorectal cancer might be a suitable target for in situ p21-saRNA-322 delivery. The goal of the present study is to learn the activity of p21-saRNA-322 in colorectal cancer. Three human colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 (p53–/−) and HT-29 were transfected with the p21-saRNA-322. The expression of P21 protein and p21 mRNA were measured using the Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effect of p21-saRNA-322 on cancer cells was evaluated in vitro; and furthermore, a xenograft colorectal tumor mode in mice was established to estimate the tumor suppressing ability of p21-saRNA-322 in vivo. The results showed that in all three colorectal cancer cell lines, the expression of p21 mRNA and P21 protein were dramatically elevated after p21-saRNA-322 transfection. Transfection of p21-saRNA-322 caused apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1. Furthermore, anti-proliferation effect, reduction of colonies formation and cell senescence were observed in p21-saRNA-322 treated cells. Animal studies showed that p21-saRNA-322 treatment significantly inhibited the HT-29 tumor growth and facilitated p21 activation in vivo. These results indicated that, p21-saRNA-322-induceded up-regulation of p21 might be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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19
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Liu H, Lei C, He Q, Pan Z, Xiao D, Tao Y. Nuclear functions of mammalian MicroRNAs in gene regulation, immunity and cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:64. [PMID: 29471827 PMCID: PMC5822656 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that contain approximately 22 nucleotides. They serve as key regulators in various biological processes and their dysregulation is implicated in many diseases including cancer and autoimmune disorders. It has been well established that the maturation of miRNAs occurs in the cytoplasm and miRNAs exert post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway in the cytoplasm. However, numerous studies reaffirm the existence of mature miRNA in the nucleus, and nucleus-cytoplasm transport mechanism has also been illustrated. Moreover, active regulatory functions of nuclear miRNAs were found including PTGS, transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), and transcriptional gene activation (TGA), in which miRNAs bind nascent RNA transcripts, gene promoter regions or enhancer regions and exert further effects via epigenetic pathways. Based on existing interaction rules, some miRNA binding sites prediction software tools are developed, which are evaluated in this article. In addition, we attempt to explore and review the nuclear functions of miRNA in immunity, tumorigenesis and invasiveness of tumor. As a non-canonical aspect of miRNA action, nuclear miRNAs supplement miRNA regulatory networks and could be applied in miRNA based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zou Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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20
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Zhang Q, Wang C, Miao S, Li C, Chen Z, Li F. Enhancing E-cadherin expression via promoter-targeted miR-373 suppresses bladder cancer cells growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93969-93983. [PMID: 29212202 PMCID: PMC5706848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that miR-373 had the capacity to induce tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin expression in prostate cancer cells. However, whether miR-373 can activate the expression of E-cadherin in human bladder cancer (BCa) cells and inhibit cells remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that both miR-373 and E-cadherin were low expressed in BCa tissues and cell lines, and significantly correlated with tumor stage, grade, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, decreased E-cadherin expression or low expression of both miR-373 and E-cadherin is associated with poor overall survival in patients with BCa. Transfection of miR-373 into BCa cells readily activated E-cadherin expression by targeting promoter. Moreover, miR-373 exhibited robust capacity to inhibit cells proliferation, suppress migration and invasion by enhancing E-cadherin expression, and significantly suppress the growth of xenografts and metastasis in nude mice. Altogether, our findings indicate that miR-373 may as a tumor suppressor in BCa by activating E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuo Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanchang Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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21
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Kang MR, Li G, Pan T, Xing JC, Li LC. Development of Therapeutic dsP21-322 for Cancer Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639203 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4310-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are a class of artificially designed short duplex RNAs targeted at the promoter of a particular gene to upregulate its expression via a mechanism known as RNA activation (RNAa) and hold great promise for treating a wide variety of diseases including those undruggable by conventional therapies. The therapeutic benefits of saRNAs have been demonstrated in a number of preclinical studies carried out in different disease models including cancer. With many tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) downregulated due to either epigenetic mechanisms or haploinsufficiency resulting from deletion/mutation, cancer is an ideal disease space for saRNA therapeutics which can restore the expression of TSGs via epigenetic reprogramming. The p21WAF1/CIP gene is a TSG frequently downregulated in cancer and an saRNA for p21WAF1/CIP known as dsP21-322 has been identified to be a sequence-specific p21WAF1/CIP activator in a number of cancer types. In this chapter, we review preclinical development of medicinal dsP21-322 for cancer, especially prostate cancer and bladder cancer, and highlight its potential for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gongcheng Li
- Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital, Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiejun Pan
- Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital, Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Chun Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long-Cheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. .,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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22
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Li C, Ge Q, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang C, Cui K, Chen Z. Effects of miR-1236-3p and miR-370-5p on activation of p21 in various tumors and its inhibition on the growth of lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631573 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317710824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchang Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Georgakilas AG, Martin OA, Bonner WM. p21: A Two-Faced Genome Guardian. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:310-319. [PMID: 28279624 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon DNA damage or other stressors, the tumor suppressor p53 is activated, leading to transient expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p21. This either triggers momentary G1 cell cycle arrest or leads to a chronic state of senescence or apoptosis, a form of genome guardianship. In the clinic, the presence of p21 has been considered an indicator of wildtype p53 activity. However, recent evidence suggests that p21 also acts as an oncogenic factor in a p53-deficient environment. Here, we discuss the controversial aspects of the two-faced involvement of p21 in cancer and speculate on how this new information may increase our understanding of its role in cancer pathogenesis. Prevailing notions indicate that p21 might also act as antiapoptotic agent, which may have relevant implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - William M Bonner
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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24
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Xu S, Huang H, Chen YN, Deng YT, Zhang B, Xiong XD, Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Huang H, Xie L, Liu X. DNA damage responsive miR-33b-3p promoted lung cancer cells survival and cisplatin resistance by targeting p21 WAF1/CIP1. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2920-2930. [PMID: 27559850 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1224043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the most potent and widespread used chemotherapy drug for lung cancer treatment. However, the development of resistance to cisplatin is a major obstacle in clinical therapy. The principal mechanism of cisplatin is the induction of DNA damage, thus the capability of DNA damage response (DDR) is a key factor that influences the cisplatin sensitivity of cancer cells. Recent advances have demonstrated that miRNAs (microRNAs) exerted critical roles in DNA damage response; nonetheless, the association between DNA damage responsive miRNAs and cisplatin resistance and its underlying molecular mechanism still require further investigation. The present study has attempted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in cisplatin induced DNA damage response in lung cancer cells, and probe into the effects of the misexpressed miRNAs on cisplatin sensitivity. Deep sequencing showed that miR-33b-3p was dramatically down-regulated in cisplatin-induced DNA damage response in A549 cells; and ectopic expression of miR-33b-3p endowed the lung cancer cells with enhanced survival and decreased γH2A.X expression level under cisplatin treatment. Consistently, silencing of miR-33b-3p in the cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells evidently sensitized the cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, we identified CDKN1A (p21) as a functional target of miR-33b-3p, a critical regulator of G1/S checkpoint, which potentially mediated the protection effects of miR-33b-3p against cisplatin. In aggregate, our results suggested that miR-33b-3p modulated the cisplatin sensitivity of cancer cells might probably through impairing the DNA damage response. And the knowledge of the drug resistance conferred by miR-33b-3p has great clinical implications for improving the efficacy of chemotherapies for treating lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xu
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Haijiao Huang
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ning Chen
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ting Deng
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Xing-Dong Xiong
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Huang
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Luoyijun Xie
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- a Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , P.R. China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics , Dongguan , P.R. China.,c Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , P.R. China
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Meng X, Jiang Q, Chang N, Wang X, Liu C, Xiong J, Cao H, Liang Z. Small activating RNA binds to the genomic target site in a seed-region-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2274-82. [PMID: 26873922 PMCID: PMC4797303 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is the upregulation of gene expression by small activating RNAs (saRNAs). In order to investigate the mechanism by which saRNAs act in RNAa, we used the progesterone receptor (PR) gene as a model, established a panel of effective saRNAs and assessed the involvement of the sense and antisense strands of saRNA in RNAa. All active saRNAs had their antisense strand effectively incorporated into Ago2, whereas such consistency did not occur for the sense strand. Using a distal hotspot for saRNA targeting at 1.6-kb upstream from the PR transcription start site, we further established that gene activation mediated by saRNA depended on the complementarity of the 5' region of the antisense strand, and that such activity was largely abolished by mutations in this region of the saRNA. We found markedly reduced RNAa effects when we created mutations in the genomic target site of saRNA PR-1611, thus providing evidence that RNAa depends on the integrity of the DNA target. We further demonstrated that this saRNA bound the target site on promoter DNA. These results demonstrated that saRNAs work via an on-site mechanism by binding to target genomic DNA in a seed-region-dependent manner, reminiscent of miRNA-like target recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Meng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Nannan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chujun Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jingwei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Huiqing Cao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zicai Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China
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Yang K, Shen J, Chen SW, Qin J, Zheng XY, Xie LP. Upregulation of PAWR by small activating RNAs induces cell apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2487-93. [PMID: 26797252 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a promising discovery whereby expression of a particular gene can be induced by targeting its promoter using small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) also termed small activating RNAs (saRNAs). We previously reported that several small dsRNAs targeting the PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator (PAWR) promoter can upregulate PAWR gene expression effectively in human cancer cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor potential of PAWR gene induction by these saRNAs in prostate cancer cells. Promisingly, we found that upregulation of PAWR by saRNA inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis which was related to inactivation of the NF-κB and Akt pathways. The decreased anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and activation of the caspase cascade and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) also supported the efficacy of the treatment. Overall, these data suggest that activation of PAWR by saRNA may have a therapeutic benefit for prostate and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Wen Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Promoter-associated endogenous and exogenous small RNAs suppress human bladder cancer cell metastasis by activating p21 (CIP1/WAF1) expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6589-98. [PMID: 26643891 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that micro RNAs (miRNAs) or double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can activate gene expression by targeting promoters. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CIP1/WAF1) (p21) has also been shown to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which plays a crucial role in the early stage of tumor metastases and invasiveness. In a previous study, we have reported that miR-370-5p is low-expressed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues and cell lines. Here, we identified that miR-370-5p and sequence homology dsRNA (dsP21-555) fully complementary to promoter hold the potent abilities to induce p21 expression. Moreover, transfection of miR-370-5p or dsP21-555 into BCa cells remarkably inverts EMT-associated genes (increases epithelial cell makers E-cadherin and β-catenin, and decreases mesenchymal cell markers ZEB1 and Vimentin) expression mainly via regulating p21 expression. Besides, through manipulating p21, both the candidates can retard BCa cell migration and invasion. In summary, our results provide evidence that both endogenous and exogenous small RNAs may function to induce p21 expression by interacting with the similar promoter region and impede BCa metastasis.
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28
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Zheng L, Wang L, Gan J, Zhang H. RNA activation: promise as a new weapon against cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:18-24. [PMID: 25261049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a novel mechanism in which short RNA duplexes, referred to as small activating RNAs (saRNAs), enable sequence-specific gene activation capable of lasting up to 2 weeks. RNAa was named in contrast to RNA interference (RNAi). Although many mysteries remain, increasing evidence demonstrates that RNAa not only provides a novel mechanism for the study of gene function and regulation, but also holds exciting potential for clinical translation to therapeutic modality against cancers. In this review, we will focus on the potential applications of RNAa in cancer studies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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29
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Zhao F, Pan S, Gu Y, Guo S, Dai Q, Yu Y, Zhang W. Reactivation of HIC-1 gene by saRNA inhibits clonogenicity and invasiveness in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:159-164. [PMID: 25435951 PMCID: PMC4246611 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC-1) is a tumor suppressor gene, which is epigenetically silenced in breast cancer. It is known that the loss of HIC-1, caused by promoter hypermethylation, is associated with tumor aggression and poor survival in breast carcinoma. It has been shown that small activating RNA (saRNA) targeting promoter sequences may induce gene re-expression. In the current study, saRNA was used to restore HIC-1 expression, and the effects on colony formation, invasiveness and the cell cycle in breast cancer cells were explored. dsHIC1-2998, an saRNA, exhibited activating efficacy on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. A clonogenicity assay showed that evident colony inhibition was induced via saRNA-mediated re-expression of HIC-1 in the two cancer cell lines. Reactivation of HIC-1 significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in these cell lines. These findings suggest that HIC-1 may be a potential target in gene therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. saRNA may function as a therapeutic option for upregulating tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Pan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shanyu Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qiancheng Dai
- Department of Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Ross JP, Kassir Z. The varied roles of nuclear argonaute-small RNA complexes and avenues for therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e203. [PMID: 25313622 PMCID: PMC4217078 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Argonautes are highly conserved proteins found in almost all eukaryotes and some bacteria and archaea. In humans, there are eight argonaute proteins evenly distributed across two clades, the Ago clade (AGO1-4) and the Piwi clade (PIWIL1-4). The function of Ago proteins is best characterized by their role in RNA interference (RNAi) and cytoplasmic post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) – which involves the loading of siRNA or miRNA into argonaute to direct silencing of genes at the posttranscriptional or translational level. However, nuclear-localized, as opposed to cytoplasmic, argonaute-small RNA complexes may also orchestrate the mechanistically very different process of transcriptional gene silencing, which results in prevention of transcription from a gene locus by the formation of silent chromatin domains. More recently, the role of argonaute in other aspects of epigenetic regulation of chromatin, alternative splicing and DNA repair is emerging. This review focuses on the activity of nuclear-localized short RNA-argonaute complexes in a mammalian setting and discusses recent in vivo studies employing nuclear-directed sRNA for therapeutic interventions. These studies heed the potential development of RNA-based drugs which induce epigenetic changes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Ross
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zena Kassir
- 1] CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yang B, Duan X, Wu W, Ji W, Wu W, Zhong W, Zhao Z, Li S, Liu Y, Zeng G. Induction of TRPV5 expression by small activating RNA targeting gene promoter as a novel approach to regulate cellular calcium transportation. Life Sci 2014; 114:70-6. [PMID: 25139832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Promoter-targeted small activating RNAs (saRNAs) have been shown to be able to induce target gene expression, a mechanism known as RNA activation (RNAa). The present study tested whether saRNA can induce the overexpression of TRPV5 in human cells derived from the kidney and subsequently manipulate cell calcium uptake. MAIN METHODS Three saRNAs complementary to the TRPV5 promoter were synthesized and transfected into cells. TRPV5 expression at the RNA and protein levels was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting respectively. For functional study, transcellular Ca(2+) transportation was tested by fura-2 analysis. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a suppressor of cellular calcium transportation, was administered to challenge the activating effect of selected saRNA. KEY FINDINGS One of these synthesized saRNAs, ds-2939, significantly induced the expression of TRPV5 at both mRNA and protein levels. Fura-2 analysis revealed that the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was elevated by ds-2939. DHT treatment reduced transmembrane Ca(2+) transport, which was partially antagonized by ds-2939. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that a saRNA targeting TRPV5 promoter can be utilized to manipulate the transmembrane Ca(2+) transport by upregulating the expression of TRPV5 and may serve as an alternative for the treatment of Ca(2+) balance-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou 510230, China.
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Guan T, Gao Q, Chen P, Fu L, Zhao H, Zou Z, Mei C. Effects of polycystin‑1 N‑terminal fragment fusion protein on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1626-34. [PMID: 24970599 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is characterized by widespread mesangial cell proliferation and an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the mesangial area. In a previous study we developed a polycystin‑1 N‑terminal fragment (PC‑1 NF) fusion protein that inhibits the proliferation of cyst‑lining epithelial cells in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In addition, the PC‑1 NF fusion protein arrests the cell cycle of cancer cells at the G0/G1 phase, inhibiting their proliferation. In the present study, the effect of the PC‑1 NF fusion protein on MsPGN was investigated. It was found that the PC‑1 NF fusion protein inhibited the proliferation of rat mesangial cells and induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in vitro. PC‑1 NF fusion protein treatment also resulted in a decrease in mRNA expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1 and B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) and an increase in mRNA expression levels of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) and p21Waf1. Furthermore, a decrease in Bcl‑2, c‑fos, c‑jun and protein kinase C‑α protein levels was observed, whereas Bax protein levels increased. Additionally, PC‑1 NF fusion protein induced ECM degradation and inhibited ECM expansion. The results also demonstrated that PC‑1 NF fusion protein treatment resulted in a decrease in type IV collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase mRNA levels but an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 mRNA levels. In combination, these results suggest that the PC‑1 NF fusion protein inhibits proliferation, promotes apoptosis and induces ECM degradation in MsPGN rats. This study offers novel perspectives for the treatment of MsPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Center of Kidney Disease, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Haidan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuying Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Center of Kidney Disease, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Center of Kidney Disease, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Zhao YH, Wang T, Yu GF, Zhuang DM, Zhang Z, Zhang HX, Zhao DP, Yu AL. Anti-proliferation effects of interferon-gamma on gastric cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5513-8. [PMID: 24175851 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ plays an indirect anti-cancer role through the immune system but may have direct negative effects on cancer cells. It regulates the viability of gastric cancer cells, so we examined whether it affects their proliferation and how that might be brought about. We exposed AGS, HGC-27 and GES-1 gastric cancer cell lines to IFN-γ and found significantly reduced colony formation ability. Flow cytometry revealed no effect of IFN-γ on apoptosis of cell lines and no effect on cell aging as assessed by β-gal staining. Microarray assay revealed that IFN-γ changed the mRNA expression of genes related to the cell cycle and cell proliferation and migration, as well as chemokines and chemokine receptors, and immunity-related genes. Finally, flow cytometry revealed that IFN-γ arrested the cells in the G1/S phase. IFN-γ may slow proliferation of some gastric cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle to play a negative role in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Zhao
- Institute of Aetiology, Department of Aetiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China E-mail : ,
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Wang H, Zhu LJ, Yang YC, Wang ZX, Wang R. MiR-224 promotes the chemoresistance of human lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin via regulating G₁/S transition and apoptosis by targeting p21(WAF1/CIP1). Br J Cancer 2014; 111:339-54. [PMID: 24921914 PMCID: PMC4102932 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as oncogenes and tumour suppressors to participate in tumour development. However, the roles of miRNAs in chemoresistance of human lung adenocarcinoma (LA) remain largely undefined. METHODS On the basis of miRNA microarray data, miR-224 was identified as the most upregulated miRNA in cisplatin (DDP; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II)-resistant A549 cells compared with parental A549 cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the roles of miR-224 in the formation of DDP-resistant phenotype of LA cells and its possible molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Here we showed that miR-224 could promote the in vitro and in vivo DDP resistance of LA cells via regulating G1/S cell cycle transition and apoptosis. p21(WAF1/CIP1), a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was identified as the direct and functional target gene of miR-224. Overexpression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) could phenocopy the effect of miR-224 downregulation and silencing of p21(WAF1/CIP1) could partially reverse the effect of miR-224 downregulation on DDP resistance of DDP-resistant LA cells. In addition, miR-224 could affect the G1/S transition of cell cycle and apoptosis in LA cells through the p21(WAF1/CIP1)-pRb pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial death pathway. Furthermore, miR-224 was found to be downregulated in DDP-responding LA tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with p21(WAF1/CIP1). Multivariate analyses indicated that the status of miR-224 might be an independent prognostic factor for predicting the survival of LA patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed novel light on the roles of miR-224/p21(WAF1/CIP1) signalling in the DDP resistance of LA cells, and targeting it will be a potential strategic approach for reversing the DDP resistance in human LAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - L-J Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Y-C Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Z-X Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Dong Z, Dang Y, Chen Y. Small double-stranded RNA mediates the anti-cancer effects of p21WAF1/ClP1 transcriptional activation in a human glioma cell line. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:324-30. [PMID: 24532499 PMCID: PMC3936623 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.2.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mediated anti-tumor effects of p21WAF1/ClP1 (p21) transcriptional activation in vitro in the human glioma SHG-44 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human glioma SHG-44 cells were transfected with dsRNA using LipofectAMINE 2000 transfection reagent. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were conducted to detect p21 and survivin mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow-cytometric analysis. RESULTS We found that dsRNA targeting p21 promoter (dsP21) significantly induced the expression of p21 at transcription and protein levels, and reduced the expression of survivin. AS well, dsP21 transcription significantly inhibited human glioma SHG-44 cell proliferation. Analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that dsP21 transfection increased accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and reduced accumulation of cells in the S phase. Further analysis revealed that dsP21 transcription led to an increase in both early and late stages of apoptosis in human glioma SHG-44 cells. CONCLUSION In the present study, P21 activation by RNA-induced gene activation (RNAa) induced anti-tumor activity in vitro in a human glioma SHG-44 cell line. The results suggested that RNAa could be used for human glioma treatment by targeted activation of tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, NO. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ren S, Kang MR, Wang J, Huang V, Place RF, Sun Y, Li LC. Targeted induction of endogenous NKX3-1 by small activating RNA inhibits prostate tumor growth. Prostate 2013; 73:1591-601. [PMID: 23836514 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA activation (RNAa) is a small RNA-mediated gene regulation mechanism by which expression of a particular gene can be induced by targeting its promoter using small double-stranded RNA also known as small activating RNA (saRNA). We used saRNA as a molecular tool to examine NKX3-1's role as a tumor suppressor and tested in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of NKX3-1 induction by saRNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS NKX3-1 saRNA was transfected into human prostate cancer cells including LNCaP, CWR22R, PC-3, CWR22RV1, DuPro, LAPC4, and DU145. The transfected cells were used for analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. PC-3 xenograft models were established in immunocompromised mice and treated with NKX3-1 saRNA. RESULTS NKX3-1 saRNA induced NKX3-1 expression in different prostate cancer cell lines, resulting in inhibited cell proliferation and survival, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. These effects were partly mediated by NKX3-1's regulation of several downstream genes including the upregulation of p21 and p27, and the inhibition of VEGFC expression. Treatment of mouse xenograft prostate tumors with intratumoral delivery of NKX3-1 saRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged animal survival. CONCLUSIONS By revealing several important target genes of NKX3-1, our findings corroborated NKX3-1's role as a tumor suppressor gene through direct regulation of the cell cycle and growth/survival pathways. This study also validated the therapeutic potential of saRNA for the treatment of prostate cancer via targeted activation of tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene HIC1 in gastric cancer is reversed via small activating RNAs. Gene 2013; 527:102-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Han J, Yuan Z, Yan H. Inhibitory Effect of Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of p21WAF1/CIP1on Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation in Cultured Rhesus Monkey Cells (RF/6A). Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:670-3. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.746992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Since cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, there is an urgent need to find better treatments. Currently, the use of chemotherapeutics remains the predominant option for cancer therapy. However, one of the major obstacles for successful cancer therapy using these chemotherapeutics is that patients often do not respond or eventually develop resistance after initial treatment. Therefore identification of genes involved in chemotherapeutic response is critical for predicting tumour response and treating drug-resistant cancer patients. A group of genes commonly lost or inactivated are tumour suppressor genes, which can promote the initiation and progression of cancer through regulation of various biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell death and cell migration/invasion. Recently, mounting evidence suggests that these tumour suppressor genes also play a very important role in the response of cancers to a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present review, we will provide a comprehensive overview on how major tumour suppressor genes [Rb (retinoblastoma), p53 family, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, BRCA1 (breast-cancer susceptibility gene 1), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), Hippo pathway, etc.] are involved in chemotherapeutic drug response and discuss their applications in predicting the clinical outcome of chemotherapy for cancer patients. We also propose that tumour suppressor genes are critical chemotherapeutic targets for the successful treatment of drug-resistant cancer patients in future applications.
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Xu W, Zhu Q, Wu Z, Guo H, Wu F, Mashausi DS, Zheng C, Li D. A Novel Evolutionarily Conserved Element Is a General Transcriptional Repressor of p21WAF1/CIP1. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6236-46. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kosaka M, Kang MR, Yang G, Li LC. Targeted p21WAF1/CIP1 activation by RNAa inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2012; 22:335-43. [PMID: 22909100 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a mechanism of gene activation triggered by promoter-targeted small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), also known as small activating RNA (saRNA). p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21) is a putative tumor suppressor gene due to its role as a key negative regulator of the cell cycle and cell proliferation. It is frequently downregulated in cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but is rarely mutated or deleted, making it an ideal target for RNAa-based overexpression to restore its tumor suppressor function. In the present study, we investigated the antigrowth effects of p21 RNAa in HCC cells. Transfection of a p21 saRNA (dsP21-322) into HepG2 and Hep3B cells significantly induced the expression of p21 at both the mRNA and protein levels, and inhibited cell proliferation and survival. Further analysis of dsP21-322 transfected cells revealed that dsP21-322 arrested the cell cycle at the G(0)/G(1) phase in HepG2 cells but at G(2)/M phase in Hep3B cells which lack functional p53 and Rb genes, and induced both early and late stage apoptosis by activating caspase 3 in both cell lines. These results demonstrated that RNAa of p21 has in vitro antigrowth effects on HCC cells via impeding cell cycle progression and inducing apoptotic cell death. This study suggests that targeted activation of p21 by RNAa may be explored as a novel therapy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kosaka
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Juszczak M, Matysiak J, Szeliga M, Pożarowski P, Niewiadomy A, Albrecht J, Rzeski W. 2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative (FABT) inhibits the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and induces cell cycle arrest in human non-small lung carcinoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5466-9. [PMID: 22877634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer potential of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds has been documented by in vitro and in vivo studies. In our previous research, we described the synthesis as well as the antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities of 2-(4-fluorophenyloamino)-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (FABT). The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in FABT-induced growth inhibition in A549 lung carcinoma cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that FABT inhibited the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, and Real-time PCR analysis showed no changes in the expression of P44ERK1 and CREB1 genes. Furthermore, FABT induced cell cycle arrest in the GO/G1 phase and enhanced p27/Kip1 expression. Our results suggest that FABT acts by inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway and cell cycle progression through G1 into S phase in A549 cells. Further studies are needed to completely explain the molecular mechanisms of anticancer action of this 2-aminothiadiazole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Juszczak
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
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Sterlacci W, Fiegl M, Tzankov A. Prognostic and Predictive Value of Cell Cycle Deregulation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Pathobiology 2012; 79:175-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000336462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Kumar S, Kumar A, Shah PP, Rai SN, Panguluri SK, Kakar SS. MicroRNA signature of cis-platin resistant vs. cis-platin sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines. J Ovarian Res 2011; 4:17. [PMID: 21939554 PMCID: PMC3205057 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in women worldwide. According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the reproductive cancers in women. Advanced stage diagnosis and chemo/radio-resistance is a major obstacle in treating advanced ovarian cancer. The most commonly employed chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer treatment is cis-platin. As with most chemotherapeutic drugs, many patients eventually become resistant to cis-platin and therefore, diminishing its effect. The efficacy of current treatments may be improved by increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemo/radiation therapies. Methods The present study is focused on identifying the differential expression of regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) between cis-platin sensitive (A2780), and cis-platin resistant (A2780/CP70) cell lines. Cell proliferation assays were conducted to test the sensitivity of the two cell lines to cis-platin. Differential expression patterns of miRNA between cis-platin sensitive and cis-platin resistant cell lines were analyzed using novel LNA technology. Results Our results revealed changes in expression of 11 miRNAs out of 1,500 miRNAs analyzed. Out of the 11 miRNAs identified, 5 were up-regulated in the A2780/CP70 cell line and 6 were down regulated as compared to cis-platin sensitive A2780 cells. Our microRNA data was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR for these selected miRNAs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was performed for the selected miRNAs and their putative targets to identify the potential pathways and networks involved in cis-platin resistance. Conclusions Our data clearly showed the differential expression of 11 miRNAs in cis-platin resistant cells, which could potentially target many important pathways including MAPK, TGF-β signaling, actin cytoskeleton, ubiquitin mediated proteasomal pathway, Wnt signaling, mTOR signaling, Notch signaling, apoptosis, and many other signaling pathways. Manipulation of one or more of these miRNAs could be an important approach for ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Kumar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Portnoy V, Huang V, Place RF, Li LC. Small RNA and transcriptional upregulation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2011; 2:748-60. [PMID: 21823233 PMCID: PMC3154074 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small RNA molecules, such as microRNA and small interfering RNA, have emerged as master regulators of gene expression through their ability to suppress target genes in a phenomenon collectively called RNA interference (RNAi). There is growing evidence that small RNAs can also serve as activators of gene expression by targeting gene regulatory sequences. This novel mechanism, known as RNA activation (RNAa), appears to be conserved in at least mammalian cells and triggered by both endogenous and artificially designed small RNAs. RNAa depends on Argonaute proteins, but possesses kinetics distinct from that of RNAi. Epigenetic changes are associated with RNAa and may contribute to transcriptional activation of target genes, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Given the potential of RNAa as a molecular tool for studying gene function and as a therapeutic for disease, further research is needed to completely elucidate its molecular mechanism in order to refine the rules for target selection and improve strategies for exploiting it therapeutically. WIREs RNA 2011 2 748-760 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.90 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Portnoy
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Vera Huang
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Robert F. Place
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Long-Cheng Li
- Department of Urology and Helen-Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Kresty LA, Howell AB, Baird M. Cranberry proanthocyanidins mediate growth arrest of lung cancer cells through modulation of gene expression and rapid induction of apoptosis. Molecules 2011; 16:2375-90. [PMID: 21399574 PMCID: PMC6259838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberries are rich in bioactive constituents purported to enhance immune function, improve urinary tract health, reduce cardiovascular disease and more recently, inhibit cancer in preclinical models. However, identification of the cranberry constituents with the strongest cancer inhibitory potential and the mechanism associated with cancer inhibition by cranberries remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the ability of a proanthocyanidin rich cranberry fraction (PAC) to alter gene expression, induce apoptosis and impact the cell cycle machinery of human NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and five year survival rates remain poor at 16%. Thus, assessing potential inhibitors of lung cancer-linked signaling pathways is an active area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Kresty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Amy B. Howell
- Marucci Center for Blueberry Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Maureen Baird
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43240, USA; E-Mail:
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