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Mirkale K, Jain SK, Oviya TS, Mahalingam S. Optomicrofluidic detection of cancer cells in peripheral blood via metabolic glycoengineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5151-5164. [PMID: 37955355 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00678f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The currently existing label-based techniques for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) target natural surface proteins of cells and are therefore applicable to only limited cancer cell types. We report optomicrofluidic detection of cancer cells in the pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by exploiting the difference in their cell metabolism. We employ metabolic glycoengineering as a click chemistry tool for tagging cells that yields several fold-higher fluorescence signals from cancer cells compared to that from PBMCs. The effects of concentrations of the tagging compounds and cell incubation time on the fluorescence signal intensity are studied. The tagged cells were encapsulated in droplets ensuring that cells enter the detection region two-dimensionally focused in single-file and optically detected with a high detection efficiency and low coefficient of variation of the signals. The metabolic tagging approach showed a significantly higher tagging efficiency and average fluorescence signal compared to the well-established and widely adopted anti-EpCAM-FITC-based tagging. We demonstrated the detection of three different cancer cell lines - EpCAM-negative cervical cancer cell, HeLa, weakly EpCAM positive, and triple-negative breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231, and strongly EpCAM positive breast cancer cell, MCF7, highlighting that the proposed technique is independent of naturally occurring cell surface proteins and widely applicable. The metabolically tagged and optically detected cells were successfully recultured, proving the compatibility of the proposed technique with downstream assays. The proposed technique is then utilised for the detection of CTCs in metastatic cancer patients' blood. The current work provides a new strategy for detecting cancer cells in the blood that can find potential applications in both fundamental research and clinical studies involving CTCs as well as in single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mirkale
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S K Jain
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - T S Oviya
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Mahalingam
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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Mirzaei R, Shafiee S, Vafaei R, Salehi M, Jalili N, Nazerian Z, Muhammadnajad A, Yadegari F, Reza Esmailinejad M, Farahmand L. Production of novel recombinant anti-EpCAM antibody as targeted therapy for breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110656. [PMID: 37473710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of monoclonal antibodies (moAbs), an issue correlated with the biopharmaceutical professions, is developing and maturing. Coordinated with this conception, we produced the appealingly modeled anti-EpCAM scFv for breast cancer tumors. METHODS Afterward cloning and expression of recombinant antibody in Escherichia coli bacteria, the correctness of the desired antibody was checked by western blotting. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the capacity of the recombinant antibody to append to the desired receptors in the malignant breast cancer (BC)cell line. The recombinant antibody (anti-EpCAM scFv) was examined for preclinical efficacy in reducing tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasiveness (in vitro- in vivo). FINDINGS A target antibody-mediated attenuation of migration and invasion in the examined cancer cell lines was substantiated (P-value < 0.05). Grafted tumors from breast cancer in mice indicated significant and compelling suppression of tumor growth and decrement in blood supply in reaction to the recombinant anti-EpCAM intervention. Evaluations of immunohistochemical and histopathological findings revealed an enhanced response rate to the treatment. CONCLUSION The desired anti-EpCAM scFv can be a therapeutic tool to reduce invasion and proliferation in malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mirzaei
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Shafiee
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Vafaei
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jalili
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nazerian
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnajad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yadegari
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Esmailinejad
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Yeh PY, Chen JY, Shen MY, Che TF, Lim SC, Wang J, Tsai WS, Frank CW, Huang CJ, Chang YC. Liposome-tethered supported lipid bilayer platform for capture and release of heterogeneous populations of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8159-8169. [PMID: 37313622 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of scarcity, vulnerability, and heterogeneity in the population of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the CTC isolation system relying on immunoaffinity interaction exhibits inconsistent efficiencies for all types of cancers and even CTCs with different phenotypes in individuals. Moreover, releasing viable CTCs from an isolation system is of importance for molecular analysis and drug screening in precision medicine, which remains a challenge for current systems. In this work, a new CTC isolation microfluidic platform was developed and contains a coating of the antibody-conjugated liposome-tethered-supported lipid bilayer in a developed chaotic-mixing microfluidic system, referred to as the "LIPO-SLB" platform. The biocompatible, soft, laterally fluidic, and antifouling properties of the LIPO-SLB platform offer high CTC capture efficiency, viability, and selectivity. We successfully demonstrated the capability of the LIPO-SLB platform to recapitulate different cancer cell lines with different antigen expression levels. In addition, the captured CTCs in the LIPO-SLB platform can be detached by air foam to destabilize the physically assembled bilayer structures due to a large water/air interfacial area and strong surface tension. More importantly, the LIPO-SLB platform was constructed and used for the verification of clinical samples from 161 patients with different primary cancer types. The mean values of both single CTCs and CTC clusters correlated well with the cancer stages. Moreover, a considerable number of CTCs were isolated from patients' blood samples in the early/localized stages. The clinical validation demonstrated the enormous potential of the universal LIPO-SLB platform as a tool for prognostic and predictive purposes in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ying Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Yang Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mo-Yuan Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ting-Fang Che
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Curtis W Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, and NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Antmen E, Ermis M, Kuren O, Beksac K, Irkkan C, Hasirci V. Nuclear Deformability of Breast Cells Analyzed from Patients with Malignant and Benign Breast Diseases. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1629-1643. [PMID: 36706038 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and dynamic disease, in which cancer cells are highly responsive to alterations in the microenvironment. Today, conventional methods of detecting cancer give a rather static image of the condition of the disease, so dynamic properties such as invasiveness and metastasis are difficult to capture. In this study, conventional molecular-level evaluations of the patients with breast adenocarcinoma were combined with in vitro methods on micropatterned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) biomaterial surfaces that deform cells. A correlation between deformability of the nuclei and cancer stemness, invasiveness, and metastasis was sought. Clinical patient samples were from regions of the breast with different proximities to the tumor. Responses at the single-cell level toward the micropatterned surfaces were studied using CD44/24, epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM), MUC1, and PCK. Results showed that molecular markers and shape descriptors can discriminate the cells from different proximities to the tumor center and from different patients. The cells with the most metastatic and invasive properties showed both the highest deformability and the highest level of metastatic markers. In conclusion, by using a combination of molecular markers together with nuclear deformation, it is possible to improve detection and separation of subpopulations in heterogenous breast cancer specimens at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Antmen
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Menekse Ermis
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kuren
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Kemal Beksac
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Irkkan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Istanbul34752, Turkey
- ACU Biomaterials Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Atasehir, Istanbul34752, Turkey
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Yildizhan Y, Driessens K, Tsao HSK, Boiy R, Thomas D, Geukens N, Hendrix A, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. Detection of Breast Cancer-Specific Extracellular Vesicles with Fiber-Optic SPR Biosensor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043764. [PMID: 36835174 PMCID: PMC9966403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted great attention as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnostics. Although several technologies have been developed for EV detection, many of them are still not applicable to clinical settings as they rely on complex EV isolation processes, while lacking sensitivity, specificity or standardization. To solve this problem, we have developed a sensitive breast cancer-specific EV detection bioassay directly in blood plasma using a fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) biosensor, previously calibrated with recombinant EVs. First, we established a sandwich bioassay to detect SK-BR-3 EVs by functionalizing the FO-SPR probes with anti-HER2 antibodies. A calibration curve was built using an anti-HER2/Banti-CD9 combination, resulting in an LOD of 2.1 × 107 particles/mL in buffer and 7 × 108 particles/mL in blood plasma. Next, we investigated the potential of the bioassay to detect MCF7 EVs in blood plasma using an anti-EpCAM/Banti-mix combination, obtaining an LOD of 1.1 × 10 8 particles/mL. Finally, the specificity of the bioassay was proven by the absence of signal when testing plasma samples from 10 healthy people unknown to be diagnosed with breast cancer. The remarkable sensitivity and specificity of the developed sandwich bioassay together with the advantages of the standardized FO-SPR biosensor highlight outstanding potential for the future of EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Yildizhan
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Driessens
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hong Shen Kevin Tsao
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Boiy
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Thomas
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-14-59
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Al‐Qahtani SM, Gadalla SE, Guo M, Ericsson C, Hägerstrand D, Nistér M. The association between Annexin A2 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in breast cancer cells. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1498. [PMID: 34240826 PMCID: PMC9124509 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane and glycosylated protein, which is overexpressed in many neoplasms. However, EpCAM has no known ligand partners and the mechanisms by which it functions are not fully understood. AIM This study was performed to discover novel partners of EpCAM, which may provide a better understanding of its functions. METHODS The membrane fraction of the ERα+ noninvasive breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 was extracted and followed by co-immunoprecipitation of EpCAM using C-10, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against amino acids 24-93 of the EpCAM molecule. As a negative control, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T were used since they express a negligible amount of EpCAM and are known as EpCAM-/low ERα-/low invasive and tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was found to be selectively and differentially co-immunoprecipitated with EpCAM in the ERα+ breast cancer cells MCF-7 and ZR-75-1. ANXA2 is a multifunctional protein and known to act as a co-receptor for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on the surface of endothelial and cancer cells, thereby affecting fibrinolytic activity and neoangiogenesis as well as invasive and metastatic properties. In this study, the association between EpCAM and ANXA2 was found to affect the activity of tPA. CONCLUSION This study concludes that ANXA2 co-localizes with EpCAM at the plasma membrane, and the co-localization may have functional implications. Data suggest that EpCAM supports ANXA2 to function as a co-receptor for the tPA, and that EpCAM has a regulatory function on the expression and subcellular localization of ANXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Misfer Al‐Qahtani
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Najran University HospitalNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Min Guo
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Lipid membrane anchoring and highly specific fluorescence detection of cancer-derived exosomes based on postfunctionalized zirconium-metal-organic frameworks. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:69-74. [PMID: 35421631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived exosomes carry a variety of important biomarkers specific to the formation, invasion and metastasis of tumor tissue. Dynamic monitoring of exosomes originated from cancer cells has clinical significance. Here we proposed a novel method to employ zirconium-metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) for extracting and identifying exosomes from blood. At first UiO-66 was magnetically modified as the adsorbent to anchor exosomes by forming Zr-O-P bonds. Then UiO-66-NH2 modified with anti-EpCAM was used to construct the fluorescent probe to recognize the extracted EpCAM-positive exosomes by forming a "MOF-exosome-MOF" structure. The proposed fluorescence detection method was evaluated by quantifying MCF-7 cell-derived exosomes at the concentration as low as 16.72 particles/μl. This method was successfully applied to analyze exosomes in the plasma samples from healthy donors and breast cancer patients, demonstrating that our method might have a great potential in assisting the early diagnosis and in dynamically monitoring the efficacy of cancer treatment. We believe that the method could be extended to the detection of other biomarkers in exosomes derived from cancer cell.
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Gialeli C, Tuysuz EC, Staaf J, Guleed S, Paciorek V, Mörgelin M, Papadakos KS, Blom AM. Complement inhibitor CSMD1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor oncogenic signaling and sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:258. [PMID: 34404439 PMCID: PMC8371905 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a large membrane-bound tumor suppressor in breast cancer. The current study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of CSMD1 in highly invasive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS We examined the antitumor action of CSMD1 in three TNBC cell lines overexpressing CSMD1, MDA-MB-231, BT-20 and MDA-MB-486, in vitro using scanning electron microscopy, proteome array, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, proximity ligation assay, ELISA, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, tumorsphere formation assays and flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA expression pattern and clinical relevance of CSMD1 were evaluated in 3520 breast cancers from a modern population-based cohort. RESULTS CSMD1-expressing cells had distinct morphology, with reduced deposition of extracellular matrix components. We found altered expression of several cancer-related molecules, as well as diminished expression of signaling receptors including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), in CSMD1-expressing cells compared to control cells. A direct interaction of CSMD1 and EGFR was identified, with the EGF-EGFR induced signaling cascade impeded in the presence of CSMD1. Accordingly, we detected increased ubiquitination levels of EGFR upon activation in CSMD1-expressing cells, as well as increased degradation kinetics and chemosensitivity. Accordingly, CSMD1 expression rendered tumorspheres pretreated with gefitinib more sensitive to chemotherapy. In addition, higher mRNA levels of CSMD1 tend to be associated with better outcome of triple negative breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CSMD1 cross-talks with the EGFR endosomal trafficking cascade in a way that renders highly invasive breast cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy. Our study unravels one possible underlying molecular mechanism of CSMD1 tumor suppressor function and may provide novel avenues for design of better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Experimental Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Safia Guleed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Veronika Paciorek
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Barzaman K, Samadi M, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Majidzadeh-A K, Salehi M, Jalili N, Jazayeri MH, Khorammi S, Darvishi B, Siavashi V, Shekarabi M, Farahmand L. Development of a recombinant anti-VEGFR2-EPCAM bispecific antibody to improve antiangiogenic efficiency. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112685. [PMID: 34090863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression and metastasis, especially in invasive cancers (such as triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC]), depend on angiogenesis, in which vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular epithelial growth factor receptor [1] has a decisive role, followed by the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Although some studies have shown that anti-VEGFR2/VEGF monoclonal antibodies demonstrated favorable results in the clinic, this approach is not efficient, and further investigations are needed to improve the quality of cancer treatment. Besides, the increased expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in various cancers, for instance, invasive breast cancer, contributes to angiogenesis, facilitating the migration of tumor cells to other parts of the body. Thus, the main goal of our study was to target either VEGFR2 or EpCAM as pivotal players in the progression of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Regarding cancer therapy, the production of bispecific antibodies is easier and more cost-effective compared to monoclonal antibodies, targeting more than one antigen or receptor; for this reason, we produced a recombinant antibody to target cells expressing EpCAM and VEGFR2 via a bispecific antibody to decrease the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Following the cloning and expression of our desired anti-VEGFR2/EPCAM sequence in E. coli, the accuracy of the expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis, and its binding activities to VEGFR2 and EPCAM on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines were respectively indicated by flow cytometry. Then, its anti-proliferative potential was indicated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and apoptosis assay to evaluate inhibitory effects of the antibody on tumor cells. Subsequently, the data indicated that migration, invasion, and angiogenesis were inhibited in breast cancer cell lines via the bispecific antibody. Furthermore, cytokine analysis indicated that the bispecific antibody could moderate interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 as key mediators in angiogenesis progression in breast cancer. Thus, our bispecific antibody could be considered as a promising candidate tool to decrease angiogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Barzaman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Samadi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jalili
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Hadi Jazayeri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khorammi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Siavashi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shekarabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Sankpal NV, Brown TC, Fleming TP, Herndon JM, Amaravati AA, Loynd AN, Gillanders WE. Cancer-associated mutations reveal a novel role for EpCAM as an inhibitor of cathepsin-L and tumor cell invasion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:541. [PMID: 33980181 PMCID: PMC8114703 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EpCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule) is often dysregulated in epithelial cancers. Prior studies implicate EpCAM in the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. It was recently demonstrated that EpCAM contains a thyroglobulin type-1 (TY-1) domain. Multiple proteins with TY-1 domains are known to inhibit cathepsin-L (CTSL), a cysteine protease that promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Analysis of human cancer sequencing studies reveals that somatic EpCAM mutations are present in up to 5.1% of tested tumors. Methods The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database was queried to tabulate the position and amino acid changes of cancer associated EpCAM mutations. To determine how EpCAM mutations affect cancer biology we studied C66Y, a damaging TY-1 domain mutation identified in liver cancer, as well as 13 other cancer-associated EpCAM mutations. In vitro and in vivo models were used to determine the effect of wild type (WT) and mutant EpCAM on CTSL activity and invasion. Immunoprecipitation and localization studies tested EpCAM and CTSL protein binding and determined compartmental expression patterns of EpCAM mutants. Results We demonstrate that WT EpCAM, but not C66Y EpCAM, inhibits CTSL activity in vitro, and the TY-1 domain of EpCAM is responsible for this inhibition. WT EpCAM, but not C66Y EpCAM, inhibits tumor cell invasion in vitro and lung metastases in vivo. In an extended panel of human cancer cell lines, EpCAM expression is inversely correlated with CTSL activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that EpCAM germline mutations can prevent EpCAM from being expressed at the cell surface. We demonstrate that C66Y and multiple other EpCAM cancer-associated mutations prevent surface expression of EpCAM. Cancer-associated mutations that prevent EpCAM cell surface expression abrogate the ability of EpCAM to inhibit CTSL activity and tumor cell invasion. Conclusions These studies reveal a novel role for EpCAM as a CTSL inhibitor, confirm the functional relevance of multiple cancer-associated EpCAM mutations, and suggest a therapeutic vulnerability in cancers harboring EpCAM mutations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08239-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra V Sankpal
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Taylor C Brown
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy P Fleming
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 124 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, 85013, AZ, USA
| | - John M Herndon
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anusha A Amaravati
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Allison N Loynd
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William E Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Qin W, Chen L, Wang Z, Li Q, Fan C, Wu M, Zhang Y. Bioinspired DNA Nanointerface with Anisotropic Aptamers for Accurate Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000647. [PMID: 33042737 PMCID: PMC7539197 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The capture and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have provided a non-invasive entry for cancer diagnosis and disease monitoring. Despite recent development in affinity-based CTCs isolation, it remains challenging to achieve efficient capture toward CTCs with dynamic surface expression. Enlightened by the synergistic effect insideimmune synapses, the development of a nanointerface engineered with topology-defined anisotropic aptamers programmed by DNA scaffold (DNA nanosynapse), for accurate CTCs isolation, is herein reported. As compared to isotropic aptamers, the DNA nanosynapse exhibits enhanced anchoring on the cell membrane with both high and low epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression. This nanointerface enables accurate capture toward CTCs of heterogeneous EpCAM, without dramatically proportional change inside the mixture of diverse phenotypes. By applying this nanoplatform, CTCs detection as well as downstream analysis for measuring disease status can be achieved in clinical samples from breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510642China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Zhiru Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
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13
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Electrochemical biosensor for the epithelial cancer biomarker EpCAM based on reduced graphene oxide modified with nanostructured titanium dioxide. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Vyshnava SS, Pandluru G, Kanderi DK, Panjala SP, Banapuram S, Paramasivam K, Anupalli RR, Bontha RR, Dowlatabad MR. Gram scale synthesis of QD450 core–shell quantum dots for cellular imaging and sorting. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Athyala PK, Chitipothu S, Kanwar JR, Krishnakumar S, Narayanan J. Synthesis of saporin-antibody conjugates for targeting EpCAM positive tumour cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:90-99. [PMID: 30964044 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Ribosomal inactivating proteins derived from plants specifically target ribosomes and irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis. EpCAM antibody and saporin were conjugated using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The mass of the conjugates were characterised using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI). The saporin-EpCAM (SAP-EpAB) conjugates were tested in-vitro against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells), WERI-Rb1 (retinoblastoma) cells. The flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were performed to show the binding efficiency of SAP-EpAB conjugate. Whole transcriptome changes of sap-conjugate treated cells were studied using affymetrix microarrays. MALDI-TOF analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the conjugation of SAP with EpCAM antibody. Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy analysis revealed the binding of SAP-EpAB conjugates to the MCF-7, WERI-Rb1 cells. Apoptosis assay by annexin-V has shown an increased apoptotic and necrotic population in conjugate treated cells. MTT assay confirmed the tumour cell death and had shown the IC50 value of 0.8 µg for conjugate in MCF-7 (breast cancer cells), and 1 µg for WERI-Rb1 (retinoblastoma) cells. The microarray analysis revealed downregulation of the tumourigenic genes and upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes leading to apoptosis of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumar Athyala
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Srujana Chitipothu
- Central Research Instrumentation Facility, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai-600006, India
| | - Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai-600006, India
| | - Janakiraman Narayanan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai-600006, India.
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16
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Fonseca ICCFE, da Luz FAC, Uehara IA, Silva MJB. Cell-adhesion molecules and their soluble forms: Promising predictors of "tumor progression" and relapse in leukemia. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318811525. [PMID: 30486756 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318811525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some surface markers are used to discriminate certain leukemic subpopulations that retain a greater oncogenic potential than others, and, for this reason, they were termed as leukemic stem cells, similar to the concept of cancer stem cells in carcinoma. Among these surface markers are proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion or cell-matrix adhesion, and they may play a role in the relapse of leukemia, similar to metastasis in carcinomas. The most important are epithelial cadherin, neural cadherin, epithelial cell-adhesion molecule, and CD44, which can be cleaved and released, and their soluble forms were found increased in serum levels of cancer patients, being implicated, in some cases, with progression, metastases, and relapse. In this review, we highlighted the role of these four adhesion molecules in carcinomas and hematological malignancies, mainly leukemia, and discuss if the serum levels of soluble forms can be correlated with the surface protein status on the leukemic cells. Accession of the soluble forms looks attractive, but their use as markers in cancer must be studied in association with other parameters, as there are significant changes in levels in other pathological conditions besides cancer. Studies correlating the levels of the forms with the status of the membrane-bound proteins in leukemic (stem) cells and correlating those parameters with relapse in leukemia may afford important knowledge and applicability of those serum markers in clinical practice. For instance, the expression of the membrane-bound forms of these adhesion proteins may have promising clinical use in leukemia and other hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- 2 Nucleus of Cancer Prevention and Research, Cancer Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isadora Akemi Uehara
- 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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17
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Yu Y, Yang Y, Ding J, Meng S, Li C, Yin X. Design of a Biocompatible and Ratiometric Fluorescent probe for the Capture, Detection, Release, and Reculture of Rare Number CTCs. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13290-13298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Jinhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Si Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu P.R.China
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18
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Chen Q, Yao L, Burner D, Minev B, Lu L, Wang M, Ma W. Epithelial membrane protein 2: a novel biomarker for circulating tumor cell recovery in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:433-442. [PMID: 30218306 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EpCAM is a common marker used in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC). Disseminated cancer cells display the characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition events. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) as a novel biomarker for CTC retrieval in breast cancer. METHODS MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were stained with either anti-EpCAM or anti-EMP2 mAbs, respectively, followed by flow cytometric assay to measure their expression levels. PBMCs isolated from healthy donors were used for breast cancer cell spiking. CD45-depleted PBMCs from breast cancer patients' blood were used for CTC capturing. Immunomagnetic separation was used to enrich breast cancer cells. Cytospin centrifugation was performed to concentrate the captured cells, followed by immunofluorescence staining with anti-CD45 mAb, anti-pan cytokeratin mAb and DAPI. Fluorescent images were taken using a confocal microscope for CTC counts. RESULT MDA-MB-231 cells had 2.56 times higher EMP2 expression than MCF7 cells, and EMP2 had a significantly higher capture efficiency than EpCAM for MCF7 cells. Furthermore, anti-EMP2 was capable of capturing MCF7 cells that escaped in the flow-through of anti-EpCAM. Likewise, EMP2 had a significantly higher capture efficiency on MDA-MB-231 cells when compared to MCF7 cells. Most importantly, EMP2 biomarker was successfully used for CTC capture in patients with primary breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS EMP2 is superior to EpCAM for capturing both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, EMP2 is a novel biomarker and capable of capturing breast cancer cells in patient blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine and the Division of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Yao
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine and the Division of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - D Burner
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - B Minev
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Calidi Biotherapeutics, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - L Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - M Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University School of Medicine, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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19
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Petersburg J, Shen J, Csizmar CM, Murphy KA, Spanier J, Gabrielse K, Griffith TS, Fife B, Wagner CR. Eradication of Established Tumors by Chemically Self-Assembled Nanoring Labeled T Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6563-6576. [PMID: 29792808 PMCID: PMC6506352 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has developed chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) as prosthetic antigen receptors (PARs) for the nongenetic modification of T cell surfaces. PARs have been successfully employed in vitro to activate T cells for the selective killing of leukemia cells. However, PAR efficacy has yet to be evaluated in vivo or against solid tumors. Therefore, we developed bispecific PARs that selectively target the human CD3 receptor and human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is overexpressed on multiple carcinomas and cancer stem cells. The αEpCAM/αCD3 PARs were found to stably bind T cells for >4 days, and treating EpCAM+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells with αEpCAM/αCD3 PAR-functionalized T cells resulted in the induction of IL-2, IFN-γ, and MCF-7 cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an orthotopic breast cancer model validated the ability of αEpCAM/αCD3 PAR therapy to direct T cell lytic activity toward EpCAM+ breast cancer cells in vivo, leading to tumor eradication. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that PAR-T cells were formed in vivo and persist for over 48 h with rapid accumulation in tumor tissue. Following PAR treatment, the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α could be significantly reduced by an infusion of clinically relevant concentrations of the FDA-approved antibiotic, trimethoprim, signaling pharmacologic PAR deactivation. Importantly, CSANs did not induce naïve T cell activation and thus exhibit a limited potential to induce naïve T cell anergy. In addition, murine immunogenicity studies demonstrated that CSANs do not induce a significant antibody response nor do they activate splenic cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bispecific CSANs are able to nongenetically generate reversibly modified T cells that are capable of eradicating targeted solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Petersburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Clifford M Csizmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Katherine A Murphy
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Justin Spanier
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kari Gabrielse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Brian Fife
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Address correspondence to: , University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 2231 6th Street S.E., Cancer & Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Herheliuk T, Perepelytsina O, Ostapchenko L, Sydorenko M. The Effect of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Derivatives on the Properties of Breast Cancer Cells in vitro and in vivo. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Immunohistochemical Coexpression of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule and Alpha-Fetoprotein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5970852. [PMID: 30112355 PMCID: PMC6077358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5970852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been proposed as a marker for cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as in the development of novel target therapies. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of EpCAM and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in HCC patients and their association with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS This study included Child-Pugh A HCC patients undergoing curative surgical resection. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the ratio between the different phenotypes (p = 0.002), identifying 12 (29.3%) EPCAM positive tumors and 29 (70.7%) negative tumors. EpCAM+ expression was associated with AFP + (OR = 12.5, 95% CI, 1.9-84.1, p<0.001). In univariate analysis, a significant association was observed between AFP+ and EPCAM+ and the serum AFP level. A diameter of ≤ 5 cm was associated with EPCAM+, while angiolymphatic invasion was associated with APF+. In a multivariate analysis, only tumors of ≤ 5 cm were significantly associated with EpCAM+ (OR = 8.7; 95%CI, 1.27-100.0; p = 0.022). The overall survival rate was 74.9%, 69.4%, 69.4%, and 53.5% at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. CONCLUSION A considerable number of patients with EpCAM+ HCC would benefit from a specific target therapy.
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22
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Kwizera EA, O'Connor R, Vinduska V, Williams M, Butch ER, Snyder SE, Chen X, Huang X. Molecular Detection and Analysis of Exosomes Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Gold Nanorods and a Miniaturized Device. Theranostics 2018; 8:2722-2738. [PMID: 29774071 PMCID: PMC5957005 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a potential source of cancer biomarkers. Probing tumor-derived exosomes can offer a potential non-invasive way to diagnose cancer, assess cancer progression, and monitor treatment responses. Novel molecular methods would facilitate exosome analysis and accelerate basic and clinical exosome research. Methods: A standard gold-coated glass microscopy slide was used to develop a miniaturized affinity-based device to capture exosomes in a target-specific manner with the assistance of low-cost 3-D printing technology. Gold nanorods coated with QSY21 Raman reporters were used as the label agent to quantitatively detect the target proteins based on surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. The expressions of several surface protein markers on exosomes from conditioned culture media of breast cancer cells and from HER2-positive breast cancer patients were quantitatively measured. The data was statistically analyzed and compared with healthy controls. Results: A miniaturized 17 × 5 Au array device with 2-mm well size was fabricated to capture exosomes in a target-specific manner and detect the target proteins on exosomes with surface enhanced Raman scattering gold nanorods. This assay can specifically detect exosomes with a limit of detection of 2×106 exosomes/mL and analyze over 80 purified samples on a single device within 2 h. Using the assay, we have showed that exosomes derived from MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and SKBR3 breast cancer cells give distinct protein profiles compared to exosomes derived from MCF12A normal breast cells. We have also showed that exosomes in the plasma from HER2-positive breast cancer patients exhibit significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher level of HER2 and EpCAM than those from healthy donors. Conclusion: We have developed a simple, inexpensive, highly efficient, and portable Raman exosome assay for detection and protein profiling of exosomes. Using the assay and model exosomes from breast cancer cells, we have showed that exosomes exhibit diagnostic surface protein markers, reflecting the protein profile of their donor cells. Through proof-of-concept studies, we have identified HER2 and EpCAM biomarkers on exosomes in plasma from HER2-positive breast cancer patients, suggesting the diagnostic potential of these markers for breast cancer diagnostics. This assay would accelerate exosome research and pave a way to the development of novel cancer liquid biopsy for cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152
| | - Vojtech Vinduska
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152
| | - Melody Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152
| | - Elizabeth R. Butch
- Diagnostics Imaging Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Scott E. Snyder
- Diagnostics Imaging Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152
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Wang G, Benasutti H, Jones JF, Shi G, Benchimol M, Pingle S, Kesari S, Yeh Y, Hsieh LE, Liu YT, Elias A, Simberg D. Isolation of Breast cancer CTCs with multitargeted buoyant immunomicrobubbles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:200-209. [PMID: 29080504 PMCID: PMC5726926 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely rare cells found in blood of metastatic cancer patients. There is a need for inexpensive technologies for fast enrichment of CTCs from large blood volumes. Previous data showed that antibody-conjugated lipid shell immuno-microbubbles (MBs) bind and isolate cells from biological fluids by flotation. Here, blood-stable MBs targeted to several surface markers for isolation of breast tumor cells were developed. MBs coated with anti-human EpCAM antibodies showed efficient binding of EpCAM+ breast cancer cell lines SKBR-3, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-453, whereas anti-human EGFR MBs showed binding of EpCAMLOW/NEGATIVE cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT-549. Multitargeted anti-human EpCAM/EGFR MBs bound all cell lines with over 95% efficiency. Highly concentrated MB-bound tumor cells were collected in a microliter volume via an inverted vacuum-assisted harvesting setup. Using anti-EpCAM and/or anti-EpCAM/EGFR MBs, an efficient (70-90%) recovery and fast (30min) isolation of the above-mentioned cells and cell clusters was achieved from 7.5mL of spiked human blood. Using anti-EpCAM MBs and anti-EpCAM/EGFR MBs, cytokeratin-positive, CD45-negative CTCs were detected in 62.5% (10/16) of patients with metastatic breast cancer and CTC clusters were detected in 41.7% (5/12) of CTC-positive samples. Moreover, in some samples MBs isolated cytokeratin positive, CD45 negative tumor-derived microparticles. None of these structures were detected in blood from non-epithelial malignancies. The fast and inexpensive multitargeted platform for batch isolation of CTCs can promote research and clinical applications involving primary tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guankui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Halli Benasutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica F Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Guixin Shi
- Diagnologix, LLC, 5820 Oberlin Drive, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Benchimol
- Diagnologix, LLC, 5820 Oberlin Drive, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sandeep Pingle
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Yasan Yeh
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego,3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Li-En Hsieh
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego,3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yu-Tsueng Liu
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego,3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anthony Elias
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Breast & Sarcoma Programs, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, Al-Qassab Y, Vezzali F, Capitani S, Bertagnolo V. Up-modulation of PLC-β2 reduces the number and malignancy of triple-negative breast tumor cells with a CD133 +/EpCAM + phenotype: a promising target for preventing progression of TNBC. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:617. [PMID: 28870198 PMCID: PMC5584040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The malignant potential of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is also dependent on a sub-population of cells with a stem-like phenotype. Among the cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and EpCAM strongly correlate with breast tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that simultaneous targeting of the two surface antigens may be beneficial in treatment of TNBC. Since in TNBC-derived cells we demonstrated that PLC-β2 induces the conversion of CD133high to CD133low cells, here we explored its possible role in down-modulating the expression of both CD133 and EpCAM and, ultimately, in reducing the number of TNBC cells with a stem-like phenotype. Methods A magnetic step-by-step cell isolation with antibodies directed against CD133 and/or EpCAM was performed on the TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 cell line. In the same cell model, PLC-β2 was over-expressed or down-modulated and cell proliferation and invasion capability were evaluated by Real-time cell assays. The surface expression of CD133, EpCAM and CD44 in the different experimental conditions were measured by multi-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Results A CD133+/EpCAM+ sub-population with high proliferation rate and invasion capability is present in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Over-expression of PLC-β2 in CD133+/EpCAM+ cells reduced the surface expression of both CD133 and EpCAM, as well as proliferation and invasion capability of this cellular subset. On the other hand, the up-modulation of PLC-β2 in the whole MDA-MB-231 cell population reduced the number of cells with a CD44+/CD133+/EpCAM+ stem-like phenotype. Conclusions Since selective targeting of the cells with the highest aggressive potential may have a great clinical importance for TNBC, the up-modulation of PLC-β2, reducing the number of cells with a stem-like phenotype, may be a promising goal for novel therapies aimed to prevent the progression of aggressive breast tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3592-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brugnoli
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yasamin Al-Qassab
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Federica Vezzali
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Signal Transduction Unit, Division of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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25
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Kruspe S, Dickey DD, Urak KT, Blanco GN, Miller MJ, Clark KC, Burghardt E, Gutierrez WR, Phadke SD, Kamboj S, Ginader T, Smith BJ, Grimm SK, Schappet J, Ozer H, Thomas A, McNamara JO, Chan CH, Giangrande PH. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Breast Cancer Cells in Patient Blood with Nuclease-Activated Probe Technology. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:542-557. [PMID: 28918054 PMCID: PMC5577414 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based diagnostics is the development of simple and inexpensive methods that reliably detect the diverse cells that make up CTCs. CTC-derived nucleases are one category of proteins that could be exploited to meet this challenge. Advantages of nucleases as CTC biomarkers include: (1) their elevated expression in many cancer cells, including cells implicated in metastasis that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (2) their enzymatic activity, which can be exploited for signal amplification in detection methods. Here, we describe a diagnostic assay based on quenched fluorescent nucleic acid probes that detect breast cancer CTCs via their nuclease activity. This assay exhibited robust performance in distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy controls, and it is rapid, inexpensive, and easy to implement in most clinical labs. Given its broad applicability, this technology has the potential to have a substantive impact on the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kruspe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David D Dickey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kevin T Urak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Giselle N Blanco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karen C Clark
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elliot Burghardt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wade R Gutierrez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sneha D Phadke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sukriti Kamboj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy Ginader
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah K Grimm
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James Schappet
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard Ozer
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - James O McNamara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carlos H Chan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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26
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Domura R, Sasaki R, Okamoto M, Hirano M, Kohda K, Napiwocki B, Turng LS. Comprehensive study on cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells incubated on electrospun polymeric fiber substrates. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2588-2600. [PMID: 32264037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The progress of microenvironment-mediated tumor progression in an artificial extracellular matrix explores the design criteria to understand the cancer progression mechanism and metastatic potential. This study was aimed at examining the combination of both surface topographies (fiber alignments) and different stiffness of polymeric substrates (PLLA and PCL) to evaluate the effects on the cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and gene expression regarding epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of two different types of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). The cellular morphologies (roundness and nuclear elongation factor), E-cadherin and vimentin expression, and cellular motility in terms of cellular migration speed, persistent time, and diffusivity have been comprehensively discussed. We demonstrated that the microenvironment of cell culture substrates influences cancer progression and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Domura
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468 8511, Japan.
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27
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Domura R, Sasaki R, Okamoto M, Hirano M, Kohda K, Napiwocki B, Turng LS. Comprehensive study on cellular morphologies, proliferation, motility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells incubated on electrospun polymeric fiber substrates. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2588-2600. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aligned fibers substrates caused elongation and alignment of the MDA-MB-231 cells along the fiber directionsviareducing the cell roundness and E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Domura
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Tempaku
- Japan
| | - Rie Sasaki
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Tempaku
- Japan
| | - Masami Okamoto
- Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Toyota Technological Institute
- Tempaku
- Japan
| | | | | | - Brett Napiwocki
- Department of Engineering Physics
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Polymer Engineering Center
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- USA
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EXPRESSION OF TUMOR ASSOSIATED AND EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION MARKERS IN 2D AND 3D CELL CULTURES OF MCF-7. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The target effects on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation molecules are promising for cancer therapy, including breast cancer. 3D cell culture is a model for studying epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and may become a test system for anticancer therapy.
Aim of research. The aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the expression of tumor associated and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in tumor cells of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7 cell line) in 2D and 3D cell culture.
Methods. For realization of the aim MCF-7 cell line (breast adenocarcinoma) was chosen as an experimental model in vitro. The monolayer cell culture was cultured in standard conditions (37 0C, 5 % CO2, humidity 95 %). The initial density of inoculated cells was 2 x 104 cells/cm2. The cells were incubated for two days before their use in the experiment. For the initial generation of spheroids the monolayer cell culture was removed off the substrate after the four days of incubation, using 0,25 % Trypsin-EDTA, and placed in nutrient medium with 5 % carboxymethyl cellulose (Bio-Rad, USA) at concentration of 5 x 105 cells/ml. Then the plates were incubated on an orbital shaker (Orbital shaker, PSU-10i, Biosan, Latvia) at 50 rpm for 3–5 hours. Half of culture medium was replenished every 3 days. A spheroid culture was maintained for 14 days. Detection of markers (ER, p53, EpCAM, vim, AE1/AE3, panCK, EGFR) in 2D and 3D cell culture was performed using immunohistochemistry method with primary monoclonal antibodies. Histological samples of cells were photographed to compare the morphological characteristics and the expression of proteins in monolayer and spheroid culture
Results. The results demonstrated that the percentage of tumor marker positive cells (ER+, EGFR+, EpCAM+, panCK+, AE1/AE3+) in monolayer culture is 1.25–2 times than more in spheroid culture. In contrast, tumor spheroids consist of fewer cells with the expression of epithelial markers such as EpCAM and AE1/AE3, but they contain a large number of cells that expressed mesenchymal marker vimentin by 5 % and p53 by 10 %. This may indicate that the cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. However, tumor cells of monolayer cell culture were not expressed vimentin.
Conclusions. Our results demonstrated the differences of expression of tumor associated and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in 2D and 3D breast cancer cell cultures. Thus, the percentage of epithelial markers (Cytokeratines and epithelial cell adhesion molecule) in tumor spheroids is less than in cells of monolayer however spheroids cells begin expressing a mesenchymal marker – vimentin. In 3D cell culture only the outer cell layers expressed tumor associated proteins unlike 2D cell culture in which all of cells showed equally expression. Reduced of manifestation of tumor associated markers in 3D cell culture may indicate an increase of stem properties. These data showed that 3D cell culture more than 2D cell culture characterized processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Lv SW, Liu Y, Xie M, Wang J, Yan XW, Li Z, Dong WG, Huang WH. Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Hydrogel for Specific Recognition and Photothermal Site-Release of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6201-10. [PMID: 27299807 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients is a very challenging technique that may promote the process of individualized antitumor therapies. However, there exist few systems capable of highly efficient capture and release of single CTCs with high viability for downstream analysis and culture. Herein, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive substrate for highly efficient immunocapture and biocompatible site-release of CTCs by a combination of the photothermal effect of gold nanorods (GNRs) and a thermoresponsive hydrogel. The substrate was fabricated by imprinting target cancer cells on a GNR-pre-embedded gelatin hydrogel. Micro/nanostructures generated by cell imprinting produce artificial receptors for cancer cells to improve capture efficiency. Temperature-responsive gelatin dissolves rapidly at 37 °C; this allows bulk recovery of captured CTCs at physiological temperature or site-specific release of single CTCs by NIR-mediated photothermal activation of embedded GNRs. Furthermore, the system has been applied to capture, individually release, and genetically analyze CTCs from the whole blood of cancer patients. The multifunctional NIR-responsive platform demonstrates excellent performance in capture and site-release of CTCs with high viability, which provides a robust and versatile means toward individualized antitumor therapies and also shows promising potential for dynamically manipulating cell-substrate interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Wei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xue-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
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Enhanced ADCC and NK Cell Activation of an Anticarcinoma Bispecific Antibody by Genetic Insertion of a Modified IL-15 Cross-linker. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1312-22. [PMID: 27157665 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we constructed a bispecific NK-cell-engager (BiKE) bearing single-chain variable fragments (scFv) against CD16 on NK cells and EpCAM on tumor cells. This BiKE facilitated antigen-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) but did not induce NK cell expansion. We incorporated a modified interleukin-15 cross-linker to create a trispecific construct (TriKE) in order to improve activation, proliferation, and survival of NK cells. Synthesis and assembly of hybrid genes encoding the TriKE was accomplished using DNA-shuffling and DNA-ligation techniques. The TriKE was tested for specificity, efficacy, proliferative capability, and cytokine profile using functional assays. The molecular modifications improved yield without compromising binding to EpCAM(+) HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells. (51)Chromium-release and degranulation assays showed better killing rates with TriKE compared to BiKE. TriKE was more active in a variety of different carcinoma cell lines. TriKE showed the ability to stimulate expansion of CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells. BiKE and TriKE showed enhanced but not supraphysiologic levels of cytokine secretion. 1615EpCAM TriKE drives enhanced ADCC while significantly improving proliferation, activation, and survival of NK cell effectors. The TriKE provides a selectively delivered self-sustaining signal at the NK/tumor cell synapse. Targeted cytokine stimulation, rather than systemic cytokine administration, may impact toxicity in patients rendering the TriKE a promising new off-the-shelf carcinoma therapy.
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31
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Wang R, Chen S, Li C, Ng KTP, Kong CW, Cheng J, Cheng SH, Li RA, Lo CM, Man K, Sun D. Fusion with stem cell makes the hepatocellular carcinoma cells similar to liver tumor-initiating cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:56. [PMID: 26846780 PMCID: PMC4743091 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell fusion is a fast and highly efficient technique for cells to acquire new properties. The fusion of somatic cells with stem cells can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Our research on the fusion of stem cells and cancer cells demonstrates that the fused cells can exhibit stemness and cancer cell-like characteristics. Thus, tumor-initiating cell-like cells are generated. METHODS We employed laser-induced single-cell fusion technique to fuse the hepatocellular carcinoma cells and human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and in vivo tumorigenicity assay were adopted to identify the gene expression difference. RESULTS We successfully produced a fused cell line that coalesces the gene expression information of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and stem cells. Experimental results showed that the fused cells expressed cancer and stemness markers as well as exhibited increased resistance to drug treatment and enhanced tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Fusion with stem cells transforms liver cancer cells into tumor initiating-like cells. Results indicate that fusion between cancer cell and stem cell may generate tumor initiating-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuxun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Changxian Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin Tak Pan Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-wing Kong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Environmental Science Program, School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ronald A Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhou N, Wang H, Liu H, Xue H, Lin F, Meng X, Liang A, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Qian H. MTA1-upregulated EpCAM is associated with metastatic behaviors and poor prognosis in lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:157. [PMID: 26698569 PMCID: PMC4690245 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in various cancer cells promotes tumor invasion and migration and predicts cancer patients' poor prognosis. The pilot RNA-Seq data from our laboratory indicated that Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was statistically reduced in MTA1-silencing cells. EpCAM has been recognized as more than a mere cell adhesion molecule and recent findings have revealed its causal role in mediating migratory and invasive capacity. Thus, this study was aimed to explore whether MTA1 was able to upregulate EpCAM expression and, consequently, modulate its effects on invasion and migration of the lung cancer cells as well as patients' prognosis. METHODS We checked the EpCAM expression by overexpressing or silencing MTA1 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, these lung cancer cells with stably overexpressed or silenced MTA1 were transfected with siEpCAM or EpCAM-expressing plasmids and then subjected to western blot, invasion and migration assays. In addition, patients (n = 118) with early-stage lung cancer were enrolled in this study to confirm the correlations between MTA1 and EpCAM and pathoclinical parameters by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 20.0 statistical software. RESULTS MTA1 upregulated EpCAM expression in lung cancer cell lines, and EpCAM overexpression rescued the inhibitory effects by silencing MTA1 on cell invasion and migration in vitro. What's more, both MTA1 and EpCAM, correlated to each other, were overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and significantly correlated with their clinical stages, tumor diameters, lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that local advancement (p = 0.03), MTA1 overexpression (p = 0.001) and EpCAM overexpression (p = 0.045) of the lung cancer tissues remained significant in predicting unfavorable overall survival. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a new molecular mechanism of MTA1-mediated invasion and metastasis in lung cancer through downstream target EpCAM, and interfering with EpCAM function may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of MTA1-overexpressing lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong, Guangdong Medical University, 1 New Town Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jie Fang Road, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ailing Liang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jie Fang Road, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - YongJun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong, Guangdong Medical University, 1 New Town Road, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Haili Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Review: circulating tumor cells in the practice of breast cancer oncology. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:749-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Vercollone JR, Balzar M, Litvinov SV, Yang W, Cirulli V. MMTV/LTR Promoter-Driven Transgenic Expression of EpCAM Leads to the Development of Large Pancreatic Islets. J Histochem Cytochem 2015. [PMID: 26216137 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415583876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated an important role of EpCAM in the regulation of pancreatic cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. Here we investigated the consequences of human EpCAM (hEpCAM) overexpression under the control of the MMTV-LTR promoter, known to drive robust gene expression in a number of ductal epithelia, including the pancreas. In this animal model (MMTV-hEpCAM) we uncovered a striking pancreatic phenotype exhibiting a 12-fold increase in the islet cell mass, with normal expression patterns of insulin and the transcription factor PDX-1. Intriguingly, these large islet clusters revealed an altered architectural organization of α- and δ-cells that appeared interspersed with β-cells in the islet cores. This suggests an effect of the hEpCAM transgene on the function of other cell adhesion molecules that we have previously shown to regulate islet cell type segregation. Consistent with this finding, we show that the pancreatic epithelium in MMTV-hEpCAM transgenic mice exhibits a redistribution of β-catenin, a known regulator of E-cadherin-mediated adhesions. Collectively, these results provide an important in vivo validation of hEpCAM signaling properties in normal epithelia and offer unique opportunities to further explore the function of this glycoprotein in select pancreatic cell lineages to elicit islet cell expansion, and/or regeneration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Vercollone
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JRV, WY, VC)
| | - Maarten Balzar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (MB, SVL)
| | - Sergey V Litvinov
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (MB, SVL)
| | - Wendy Yang
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JRV, WY, VC)
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JRV, WY, VC)
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Lv SW, Wang J, Xie M, Lu NN, Li Z, Yan XW, Cai SL, Zhang PA, Dong WG, Huang WH. Photoresponsive immunomagnetic nanocarrier for capture and release of rare circulating tumor cells. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6432-6438. [PMID: 28757959 PMCID: PMC5507187 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Aminocoumarin compound was synthesized and used as phototrigger to cage EpCAM-antibody to construct a photocontrolled CTCs capture and release system.
Isolation, release and culture of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may, if implemented, promote the progress of individualized anti-tumor therapies. To realize the release of CTCs without disruption of their viability for further culture and analysis, we designed an effective photocontrolled CTC capture/release system by combination of photochemistry and immunomagnetic separation. 7-Aminocoumarin was synthesized as the phototrigger to bridge the connection between the anti-EpCAM antibody and the magnetic beads. The coumarin moieties produced cleavage of a C–O bond under both ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) light illumination, breaking the bridge and releasing CTCs from the immunomagnetic beads. Compared with conventional immunomagnetic separation systems, the negative influence of absorbed immunomagnetic beads on further CTCs culture and analysis was effectively eliminated. The system can specifically recognize 102 MCF-7 cells in 1 mL of human whole blood samples with 90% efficiency and 85% purity. Under the irradiation of UV and NIR light, 73 ± 4% and 52 ± 6% of captured cells were released with a viability of 90% and 97%, respectively. Furthermore, this technique has been used to detect CTCs from whole blood of cancer patients with high purity. This study demonstrates that the photochemical-based immunomagnetic separation method for isolating, releasing and culturing CTCs from clinic patients may provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Wei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , China .
| | - Min Xie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Ning-Ning Lu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Xue-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Si-Liang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , China .
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-27-68752149
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Lee E, Yang J, Ku M, Kim NH, Park Y, Park CB, Suh JS, Park ES, Yook JI, Mills GB, Huh YM, Cheong JH. Metabolic stress induces a Wnt-dependent cancer stem cell-like state transition. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1805. [PMID: 26136078 PMCID: PMC4650724 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment drive multiple clinically significant behaviors including dormancy, invasion, and metastasis as well as therapy resistance. These microenvironment-dependent phenotypes share typical characteristics with cancer stem cells (CSC). However, it is poorly understood how metabolic stress in the confined tumor microenvironment contributes to the emergence and maintenance of CSC-like phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate that chronic metabolic stress (CMS) in a long-term nutrient deprivation induces a Wnt-dependent phenoconversion of non-stem cancer cells toward stem-like state and this is reflected in the transcriptome analysis. Addition of Wnt3a as well as transfection of dominant-negative Tcf4 establishes an obligatory role for the Wnt pathway in the acquisition of CSC-like characteristics in response to metabolic stress. Furthermore, systematic characterization for multiple single cell-derived clones and negative enrichment of CD44+/ESA+ stem-like cancer cells, all of which recapitulate stem-like cancer characteristics, suggest stochastic adaptation rather than selection of pre-existing subclones. Finally, CMS in the tumor microenvironment can drive a CSC-like phenoconversion of non-stem cancer cells through stochastic state transition dependent on the Wnt pathway. These findings contribute to an understanding of the metabolic stress-driven dynamic transition of non-stem cancer cells to a stem-like state in the tumor metabolic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Oral pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Park
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - C B Park
- Department of Oral pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J-S Suh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Park
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - J I Yook
- Department of Oral pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y-M Huh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Cheong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Milioli HH, Vimieiro R, Riveros C, Tishchenko I, Berretta R, Moscato P. The Discovery of Novel Biomarkers Improves Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtype Prediction and Reconciles the Labels in the METABRIC Data Set. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129711. [PMID: 26132585 PMCID: PMC4488510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes has been introduced as a valuable strategy to determine patient diagnosis and prognosis, and therapy response. The PAM50 method, based on the expression levels of 50 genes, uses a single sample predictor model to assign subtype labels to samples. Intrinsic errors reported within this assay demonstrate the challenge of identifying and understanding the breast cancer groups. In this study, we aim to: a) identify novel biomarkers for subtype individuation by exploring the competence of a newly proposed method named CM1 score, and b) apply an ensemble learning, as opposed to the use of a single classifier, for sample subtype assignment. The overarching objective is to improve class prediction. METHODS AND FINDINGS The microarray transcriptome data sets used in this study are: the METABRIC breast cancer data recorded for over 2000 patients, and the public integrated source from ROCK database with 1570 samples. We first computed the CM1 score to identify the probes with highly discriminative patterns of expression across samples of each intrinsic subtype. We further assessed the ability of 42 selected probes on assigning correct subtype labels using 24 different classifiers from the Weka software suite. For comparison, the same method was applied on the list of 50 genes from the PAM50 method. CONCLUSIONS The CM1 score portrayed 30 novel biomarkers for predicting breast cancer subtypes, with the confirmation of the role of 12 well-established genes. Intrinsic subtypes assigned using the CM1 list and the ensemble of classifiers are more consistent and homogeneous than the original PAM50 labels. The new subtypes show accurate distributions of current clinical markers ER, PR and HER2, and survival curves in the METABRIC and ROCK data sets. Remarkably, the paradoxical attribution of the original labels reinforces the limitations of employing a single sample classifiers to predict breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Helena Milioli
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Renato Vimieiro
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Inna Tishchenko
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Kershaw S, Cummings J, Morris K, Tugwood J, Dive C. Optimisation of immunofluorescence methods to determine MCT1 and MCT4 expression in circulating tumour cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:387. [PMID: 25957999 PMCID: PMC4436118 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) represents a novel target in rational anticancer drug design while AZD3965 was developed as an inhibitor of this transporter and is undergoing Phase I clinical trials ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01791595 ). We describe the optimisation of an immunofluorescence (IF) method for determination of MCT1 and MCT4 in circulating tumour cells (CTC) as potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers of AZD3965 in cancer patients. METHODS Antibody selectivity was investigated by western blotting (WB) in K562 and MDAMB231 cell lines acting as positive controls for MCT1 and MCT4 respectively and by flow cytometry also employing the control cell lines. Ability to detect MCT1 and MCT4 in CTC as a 4(th) channel marker utilising the Veridex™ CellSearch system was conducted in both human volunteer blood spiked with control cells and in samples collected from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. RESULTS Experimental conditions were established which yielded a 10-fold dynamic range (DR) for detection of MCT1 over MCT4 (antibody concentration 6.25 μg/mL; integration time 0.4 seconds) and a 5-fold DR of MCT4 over MCT 1 (8 μg/100 μL and 0.8 seconds). The IF method was sufficiently sensitive to detect both MCT1 and MCT4 in CTCs harvested from cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The first IF method has been developed and optimised for detection of MCT 1 and MCT4 in cancer patient CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Kershaw
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Karen Morris
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Jonathan Tugwood
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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Ascolani G, Occhipinti A, Liò P. Modelling circulating tumour cells for personalised survival prediction in metastatic breast cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004199. [PMID: 25978366 PMCID: PMC4433130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers among women, and the main cause of death is the formation of metastases. The development of metastases is caused by cancer cells that migrate from the primary tumour site (the mammary duct) through the blood vessels and extravasating they initiate metastasis. Here, we propose a multi-compartment model which mimics the dynamics of tumoural cells in the mammary duct, in the circulatory system and in the bone. Through a branching process model, we describe the relation between the survival times and the four markers mainly involved in metastatic breast cancer (EPCAM, CD47, CD44 and MET). In particular, the model takes into account the gene expression profile of circulating tumour cells to predict personalised survival probability. We also include the administration of drugs as bisphosphonates, which reduce the formation of circulating tumour cells and their survival in the blood vessels, in order to analyse the dynamic changes induced by the therapy. We analyse the effects of circulating tumour cells on the progression of the disease providing a quantitative measure of the cell driver mutations needed for invading the bone tissue. Our model allows to design intervention scenarios that alter the patient-specific survival probability by modifying the populations of circulating tumour cells and it could be extended to other cancer metastasis dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ascolani
- University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pietro Liò
- University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gao J, Yan Q, Wang J, Liu S, Yang X. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 is mediated by AP1-dependent EpCAM expression in MCF-7 cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:775-82. [PMID: 25205054 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involving the breakdown of cell-cell junctions and loss of epithelial polarity, is closely related to cancer metastasis and invasion. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed in the majority of normal epithelial tissues and overexpressed in the majority of human epithelial cancers including breast cancer. EpCAM plays an important role in cancer progression. We showed that EpCAM participated in TGF-β1-induced EMT. TGF-β1 treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was shown to induce EpCAM expression, which promoted the EMT and cell migration. EpCAM overexpression further enhanced TGF-β1-induced EMT and EpCAM knockdown inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT. We further demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment induced the phosphorylation of JNK that was in turn responsible for the increased expression of Jun and Fos. This result suggests an important role of the JNK to AP-1 signaling to EpCAM downstream of TGF-β1 for the induction of EMT in the breast cancer cells. Collectively, our study highlights a novel function for EpCAM in TGF-β1-induced EMT process and suggests that targeting of EpCAM may be an attractive strategy to treat breast cancer. This study implicates the potential value of EpCAM as a molecular marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiao Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, P. R. China
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Mohammadi M, Salmasi Z, Hashemi M, Mosaffa F, Abnous K, Ramezani M. Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with aptamer and piperazine-polyethylenimine derivative for targeted siRNA delivery into breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:50-60. [PMID: 25712164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a glycosylated type 1 membrane protein which is frequently over expressed in most solid tumors and it has recently been identified as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker. Specific targeting of CSCs using nano-carriers would enhance treatment efficacy of cancer. In this study, we used a RNA aptamer against EpCAM (EpDT3) attached physically to our newly synthesized non-viral vector, based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) conjugated to piperazine-polyethylenimine derivative. The DNA transfection efficiency and siRNA delivery activity of the synthesized vector was investigated against upregulated BCL9l, which has been associated with breast and colorectal cancers. The complexes of the vector-aptamer/siRNA could specifically induce apoptosis by more than 20% in MCF-7 cell line as a positive EpCAM than MDA-MB-231 cells which are EpCAM negative. The decrease of BCL9l protein level was observed with western blot analysis in MCF-7 cells indicating the targeted silencing activity of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Iran.
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Li J, Shi J, Shen J, Man H, Wang M, Zhang H. Specific Recognition of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro Using Near Infrared-Emitting Long-Persistence Luminescent Zn 3Ga 2Ge 2O 10:Cr 3+ Nanoprobes. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2015; 7:138-145. [PMID: 30464964 PMCID: PMC6223935 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-014-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3+ (ZGG) nanoparticles with diameters of 30-100 nm and bright luminescence were prepared by a sol-gel synthesis method. After the surface amination, the nanoparticles were further bioconjugated with breast cancer-specific monoclonal antibody (anti-EpCAM) to form ZGG-EpCAM nanoprobes which can specifically target breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) in vitro. The results of in vitro images show that the luminescence signals from the cells treated with ZGG-EpCAM nanoprobes are stronger than those from cells treated with ZGG-unconjugated antibody, indicating that the prepared ZGG-EpCAM nanoprobes possessed excellent specific recognition capability. Furthermore, due to their long afterglow properties, the imaging could persist more than 1 h. Therefore, these nanoprobes could not only provide a high specificity detection method for cancer cells but also realize the long-time monitoring. Developed near-infrared emitting long-persistence luminescent nanoprobes will be expected to find new perspectives for cell therapy research and diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangshan Shen
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huizi Man
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
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Srivastava G, Assi J, Kashat L, Matta A, Chang M, Walfish PG, Ralhan R. Nuclear Ep-ICD accumulation predicts aggressive clinical course in early stage breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:726. [PMID: 25265904 PMCID: PMC4190296 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) results in release of its intracellular domain (Ep-ICD) which triggers oncogenic signalling. The clinical significance of Ep-ICD in breast cancer remains to be determined. Herein, we examined the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic Ep-ICD, and membranous extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEx) in breast cancer patients, to determine its potential utility in predicting aggressive clinical course of the disease. Methods In this retrospective study, 266 breast cancers and 45 normal breast tissues were immunohistochemically analyzed to determine the expression patterns of nuclear and cytoplasmic Ep-ICD and membranous EpEx and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and follow up. Disease-free survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Nuclear Ep-ICD was more frequently expressed in breast cancers compared to normal tissues. Significant association was observed between increased nuclear Ep-ICD expression and reduced disease-free survival in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (p < 0.001). Nuclear Ep-ICD was positive in all the 13 DCIS and 25 IDC patients who had reduced disease-free survival, while none of the nuclear Ep-ICD negative DCIS or IDC patients had recurrence during the follow up period. Notably, majority of IDC patients who had recurrence had early stage tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified nuclear Ep-ICD as the most significant predictive factor for reduced disease-free survival in IDC patients (p = 0.011, Hazard ratio = 80.18). Conclusion Patients with nuclear Ep-ICD positive breast cancers had poor prognosis. The high recurrence of disease in nuclear Ep-ICD positive patients, especially those with early tumor stage suggests that nuclear Ep-ICD accumulation holds the promise of identifying early stage patients with aggressive disease who are likely to be in need of more rigorous post-operative surveillance and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul G Walfish
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Suite 6-318, Toronto M5G 1X5, Ontario, Canada.
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Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human cardiomyocytes is mediated by NADPH oxidase. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:769-79. [PMID: 25059721 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An elevated level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is implicated in several cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Numerous reports have demonstrated that TNF-α activates nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, resulting in the upregulation of several genes that regulate inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is also activated by TNF-α and plays a crucial role in redox-sensitive signaling pathways. The present study investigated whether NADPH oxidase mediates TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-mediated gene expression. Human cardiomyocytes were treated with recombinant TNF-α with or without pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and apocynin, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. TNF-α-induced ROS production was measured using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation was also examined using immunoblot; NF-kappaB binding to its binding motif was determined using a Cignal reporter luciferase assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. TNF-α-induced upregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 was investigated using real-time PCR and immunoblot. TNF-α-induced ROS production in cardiomyocytes was mediated by NADPH oxidase. Phosphorylation of IKK-α/β and p65, degradation of IkappaBα, binding of NF-kappaB to its binding motif, and upregulation of IL-1β and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α were significantly attenuated by treatment with DPI and apocynin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase plays a role in regulation of TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and VCAM-1, in human cardiomyocytes.
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Gao J, Yan Q, Liu S, Yang X. Knockdown of EpCAM enhances the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by downregulating the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102590. [PMID: 25019346 PMCID: PMC4097402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy is the main reason for the failure of cancer treatment, and drug resistance is associated with an inability of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis in response to treatment. Alterations in the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) affect the sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to anticancer treatment and the activity of intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of EpCAM in the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of EpCAM gene knockdown on chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in MCF-7 cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that knockdown of EpCAM promoted apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and caused cell-cycle arrest. EpCAM knockdown enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU, promoting apoptosis by downregulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and upregulating the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and caspase3 via the ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that knockdown of EpCAM may have a tumor suppressor effect and suggest EpCAM as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiao Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Huang C, Smith JP, Saha TN, Rhim AD, Kirby BJ. Characterization of microfluidic shear-dependent epithelial cell adhesion molecule immunocapture and enrichment of pancreatic cancer cells from blood cells with dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:044107. [PMID: 25379092 PMCID: PMC4189216 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Current microfluidic techniques for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood are limited by low capture purity, and dielectrophoresis (DEP) has the potential to complement existing immunocapture techniques to improve capture performance. We present a hybrid DEP and immunocapture Hele-Shaw flow cell to characterize DEP's effects on immunocapture of pancreatic cancer cells (Capan-1, PANC-1, and BxPC-3) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with an anti-EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) antibody. By carefully specifying the applied electric field frequency, we demonstrate that pancreatic cancer cells are attracted to immunocapture surfaces by positive DEP whereas PBMCs are repelled by negative DEP. Using an exponential capture model to interpret our capture data, we show that immunocapture performance is dependent on the applied DEP force sign and magnitude, cell surface EpCAM expression level, and shear stress experienced by cells flowing in the capture device. Our work suggests that DEP can not only repel contaminating blood cells but also enhance capture of cancer cell populations that are less likely to be captured by traditional immunocapture methods. This combination of DEP and immunocapture techniques to potentially increase CTC capture purity can facilitate subsequent biological analyses of captured CTCs and research on cancer metastasis and drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - James P Smith
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Trisha N Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Gabrielse K, Gangar A, Kumar N, Lee JC, Fegan A, Shen JJ, Li Q, Vallera D, Wagner CR. Reversible Re-programing of Cell-Cell Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gabrielse K, Gangar A, Kumar N, Lee JC, Fegan A, Shen JJ, Li Q, Vallera D, Wagner CR. Reversible Re‐programing of Cell–Cell Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5112-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Gabrielse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Amit Gangar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Nigam Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Adrian Fegan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Jing Jing Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Daniel Vallera
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, University of Minnesota (USA)
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota (USA)
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Fong D, Seeber A, Terracciano L, Kasal A, Mazzoleni G, Lehne F, Gastl G, Spizzo G. Expression of EpCAM(MF) and EpCAM(MT) variants in human carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:408-14. [PMID: 24465008 PMCID: PMC3995261 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims Regulated intramembrane proteolysis has been shown to be an important mechanism for oncogenic activation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) through nuclear translocation of the intracellular domain EpICD. Recent studies have identified new membrane-bound EpCAM variants. To evaluate the prevalence of two membranous EpCAM variants in human tumours, we performed a large-scale expression analysis using specific antibodies against the extracellular domain EpEX (MOC-31 clone) and the intracellular domain EpICD (9-2 clone) of the EpCAM antigen by immunohistochemistry. Material and methods Two multi-tissue microarrays (TMA) series containing 1564 tissue samples each of 53 different histological tumour types were stained and compared. One TMA was stained for EpEX and one for EpICD. Membranous full-length EpCAM (EpCAMMF) expression in tissues was defined by the expression of EpEX and EpICD, while the truncated variant of EpCAM (EpCAMMT) was characterised by a significant loss of membranous EpICD expression compared with EpEX expression. Results We defined tumours with high EpCAMMT expression (ie, cancers of the endometrium and bladder), tumours with intermediate (ie, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal and oesophageal cancer) and tumours with low rates of expression of the EpCAMMT variant (ie, lung, ovarian, gallbladder, breast and prostate cancer). Conclusions Our results indicate that loss of membranous EpICD expression is a common event in human epithelial carcinomas, arguing for the expression of different degrees of EpCAMMF and EpCAMMT variants across the most important tumour entities. Future studies evaluating the prognostic and predictive role of these variants in human malignancies, especially in patients treated with EpCAM-specific antibodies, are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Fong
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, , Innsbruck, Austria
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Yoshida GJ, Saya H. EpCAM expression in the prostate cancer makes the difference in the response to growth factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:239-45. [PMID: 24309103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is expressed in tumors with an epithelial cell of origin, in a heterogeneous manner. Prostate cancer stem-like cells highly express EpCAM. However, little is known about how EpCAM is involved in the ability of cells to adapt to micro-environmental changes in available growth factors, which is one of the essential biological phenotypes of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). METHODS EpCAM-high and EpCAM-low subpopulations of cells were established from the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Signal transductions in response to serum starvation, and on the exposure to EGF ligand or the specific inhibitor were analyzed in terms. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression level of amino acid transporters which contribute to the activation of mTOR signal between the two subgroups. RESULTS EpCAM-high and EpCAM-low PC-3 subpopulations showed markedly different responses to serum starvation. EpCAM expression was positively correlated with activation of the mTOR and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways. Furthermore, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was gradually de-activated in EpCAM-low PC-3 cells in the absence of serum. CONCLUSIONS EpCAM regulates the AMPK signaling pathway, essential for the response to growth factors characterized by EGF. LAT1, the amino acid transporter stabilized at the cellular membrane by EpCAM, is likely to be responsible for the difference in the susceptibility to EGF between EpCAM-high and EpCAM-low PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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