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Zhang N, Zhang R, Jiang L, Gao Z, Xia W, Ma X, Qin Y, Zhang D, Li J, Tian P, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhang K, Xu S, Zhao N, Xu S. Inhibition of colorectal cancer in Alzheimer's disease is mediated by gut microbiota via induction of inflammatory tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314337121. [PMID: 39226363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314337121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse relationship between the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine whether the incidence of CRC is reduced in AD-like mice and whether gut microbiota confers resistance to tumorigenesis through inducing inflammatory tolerance using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). AD-like mice experienced a significantly decreased incidence of CRC tumorigenesis induced by azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate as evidenced by suppressed intestinal inflammation compared with control mice. However, FMT from age-matched control mice reversed the inhibitory effects on the tumorigenesis of CRC and inflammatory response in AD-like mice. The key bacterial genera in gut microbiota, including Prevotella, were increased in both the AD-like mice and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) but were decreased in patients with CRC. Pretreatment with low-dose Prevotella-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammatory tolerance both in vivo and in vitro and inhibited CRC tumorigenesis in mice. Imbalanced gut microbiota increased intestinal barrier permeability, which facilitated LPS absorption from the gut into the blood, causing cognitive decline in AD-like mice and patients with aMCI. These data reveal that intestinal Prevotella-derived LPS exerts a resistant effect to CRC tumorigenesis via inducing inflammatory tolerance in the presence of AD. These findings provide biological evidence demonstrating the inverse relationship between the incidence of AD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhen Xia
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchang Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixia Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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Czajka-Francuz P, Cisoń-Jurek S, Czajka A, Kozaczka M, Wojnar J, Chudek J, Francuz T. Systemic Interleukins' Profile in Early and Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:124. [PMID: 35008550 PMCID: PMC8745135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by mutual interactions of the tumor, stromal and immune cells. Early and advanced colorectal tumors differ in structure and present altered serum cytokine levels. Mutual crosstalk among TME infiltrating cells may shift the balance into immune suppressive or pro-inflammatory, antitumor response this way influencing patients' prognosis. Cancer-related inflammation affects all the body and this way, the systemic level of cytokines could reflect TME processes. Despite numerous studies, it is still not known how systemic cytokines levels change during colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor development. Better understanding tumor microenvironment processes could help in planning therapeutic interventions and more accurate patient prognosis. To contribute to the comprehension of these processes within TME, we reviewed cytokines levels from clinical trials in early and advanced colorectal cancer. Presented data were analyzed in the context of experimental studies and studies analyzing tumor infiltration with immune cells. The review summarizes clinical data of cytokines secreted by tumor microenvironment cells: lymphocytes T helper 1 (Th1), lymphocytes T helper 2 (Th2), lymphocytes T helper 17 (Th17), regulatory T cells (Treg cells), regulatory T cells (Breg cells), M1/M2 macrophages, N1/N2 neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), dendritic cells (DC), innate lymphoid cells (ILC) natural killer (NK) cells and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Aleksander Czajka
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kozaczka
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Public Research Institute in Gliwice, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Qin T, Gao S, Wang W. Celastrol Regulates the Secretion of Interleukin-17 in Patients with Sympathetic Ophthalmia Through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:331-337. [PMID: 33999692 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The excessive secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 contributes to the pathological process of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). Celastrol is a naturally active product and exhibits an immunosuppressive effect. However, whether the supplementation of celastrol relieves SO remains unclear. Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from the venous blood samples of 20 SO patients and 20 healthy controls, followed by stimulating with various concentrations of celastrol. The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in PBMCs of SO patients was detected by Western blot. Results: The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in PBMCs isolated from SO patients were significantly increased compared with those in PBMCs isolated from healthy controls. Celastrol treatment inhibited the production of both IL-23 and IL-17 in PBMCs of SO patients in a dose-dependent manner. In PBMCs isolated from SO patients and healthy controls, the administration of recombinant human IL-23 (rIL-23) enhanced the production of IL-17, which was then suppressed by co-stimulation with celastrol. Also, celastrol treatment reduced rIL-23-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in PBMCs isolated from SO patients. Conclusions: Celastrol can reduce the production of IL-17 in PBMCs of SO patients. The mechanism may be related to the reduction of IL-23 secretion, which in turn inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lin Y, He Z, Ye J, Liu Z, She X, Gao X, Liang R. Progress in Understanding the IL-6/STAT3 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13023-13032. [PMID: 33376351 PMCID: PMC7762435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) not only regulates the cellular immune response, but it also promotes tumor development by activating multiple carcinogenic pathways. IL-6 expression is significantly elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is closely related to CRC development and patient prognosis. In CRC, IL-6 activates signal transducers and activators of transduction-3 (STAT3) to promote tumor initiation and tumor growth. IL-6/STAT3 signalling has a profound effect on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. Additionally, IL-6/STAT3 pathway activates downstream target genes to protect tumor cells from apoptosis; drive tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion and metastasis; promote tumor angiogenesis; and stimulate drug resistance. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the many effects of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in CRC is needed, which the present review examines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin She
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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Giulia M, Teresa T, Claudia C, Paolo VP, Davide C, Floriana M, Fortunato C, Erika M. Anti-angiogenic Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Issues and Future Aims. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666181119145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Blocking angiogenesis represents a fundamental process in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
treatment. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) pathway is implicated in various processes
that regulate tumor vascularization and proliferation. In the last years, great efforts have been
made thanks to the discovery of targeted drugs that block VEGF and its receptors conferring a
benefit in a variety of tumors, including CRC. To date, four drugs have been approved for the
treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC): bevacizumab, aflibercept, ramucirumab and regorafenib.
Unfortunately, patients relapse due to the appearance of resistance. The VEGF family, its role in
the angiogenesis and complex heterogeneity of mechanisms that escape tumor blockade are not
completely understood and there is a lack of biomarkers of response to anti-angiogenic drugs. We
describe the principal mechanisms of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy and discuss potential biomarkers
to be investigated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martini Giulia
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Troiani Teresa
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Cardone Claudia
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vitiello Pietro Paolo
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciardiello Davide
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Morgillo Floriana
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciardiello Fortunato
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Martinelli Erika
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine F. Magrassi, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Ulgen E, Ozisik O, Sezerman OU. pathfindR: An R Package for Comprehensive Identification of Enriched Pathways in Omics Data Through Active Subnetworks. Front Genet 2019; 10:858. [PMID: 31608109 PMCID: PMC6773876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway analysis is often the first choice for studying the mechanisms underlying a phenotype. However, conventional methods for pathway analysis do not take into account complex protein-protein interaction information, resulting in incomplete conclusions. Previously, numerous approaches that utilize protein-protein interaction information to enhance pathway analysis yielded superior results compared to conventional methods. Hereby, we present pathfindR, another approach exploiting protein-protein interaction information and the first R package for active-subnetwork-oriented pathway enrichment analyses for class comparison omics experiments. Using the list of genes obtained from an omics experiment comparing two groups of samples, pathfindR identifies active subnetworks in a protein-protein interaction network. It then performs pathway enrichment analyses on these identified subnetworks. To further reduce the complexity, it provides functionality for clustering the resulting pathways. Moreover, through a scoring function, the overall activity of each pathway in each sample can be estimated. We illustrate the capabilities of our pathway analysis method on three gene expression datasets and compare our results with those obtained from three popular pathway analysis tools. The results demonstrate that literature-supported disease-related pathways ranked higher in our approach compared to the others. Moreover, pathfindR identified additional pathways relevant to the conditions that were not identified by other tools, including pathways named after the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Ulgen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ozisik
- Department of Computer Engineering, Electrical & Electronics Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rubinkiewicz M, Siemińska I, Małczak P, Major P, Baran J, Budzyński A, Pędziwiatr M. Perioperative changes in lymphocyte subpopulations in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:337-342. [PMID: 31819331 PMCID: PMC6884388 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.02.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical procedure has immense impact on the immune balance. However, little is known about perioperative changes in T regulatory and Th17 lymphocyte subpopulations in patients undergoing colorectal resection. Patients with resectable colon cancer were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained on two occasions, i.e. before the procedure and two days after the surgery. We also recruited a control group of young, healthy individuals. Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed with the use of flow cytometry. Investigated subpopulations consisted of total lymphocyte count, CD4+, CD8+, T regulatory Foxp3+ (Tregs), Th17 lymphocytes and white blood cell (WBC) count. There were significant differences in immune cell levels before and after the surgery. Reduction was recorded in the CD4+, CD8+, Tregs and total lymphocyte counts (p=0.002, p=0.01, p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). Increase was observed in total WBC and Th17 cells, however, Th17 lymphocytes did not reach statistical significance (p=0.01 and p=0.5, respectively). In conclusion, surgical intervention caused changes in all lymphocyte subpopulations investigated in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. However, it seemed to be an effect of perioperative trauma. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of surgical intervention on lymphocyte subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- 12 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 3Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Małczak
- 12 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 3Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 12 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 3Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Baran
- 12 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 3Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budzyński
- 12 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 3Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 12 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 3Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
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Ibrahim S, Girault A, Ohresser M, Lereclus E, Paintaud G, Lecomte T, Raoul W. Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the IL-17/IL-17RA Axis: An Opportunity to Improve the Efficiency of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Fighting Metastatic Colorectal Cancer? Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:e109-e113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Miteva LD, Stanilov NS, Cirovski GМ, Stanilova SA. Upregulation of Treg-Related Genes in Addition with IL6 Showed the Significant Role for the Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2017; 10:69-76. [PMID: 28868572 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-017-0198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cytokines appear to be contributing greatly to colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of Foxp3; IL10; TGFB1; IL17A; IL6 and NOS2 genes in tumor tissue, regional positive lymph nodes and distant metastasis obtained from 26 patients with advanced CRC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed for mRNA detection by TaqMan gene expression assay. In distant metastasis, IL6 was strongly expressed, over 7.5 fold, followed by Treg-related genes Foxp3; IL10 and TGFB1 in contrast to IL17A and NOS2. The similar pattern of expression was observed in positive regional lymph node in addition to significant down-regulation of NOS2 (RQ = 0.287; p = 0.011) and a trend for the elevation of IL17A. In tumor tissue, Fopx3 was significantly upregulated and Foxp3 mRNA positively correlated with TGFB1 in all investigated tissue types. In tumor tissue, expression of IL17A was correlated with NOS2 (r = 0.68; p = 0.005), while in distant metastasis IL10 was in strong relation with TGFB1 and IL6. In addition, a reverse correlation between IL6 and NOS2 (r = -0.66; p = 0.009), was observed in distant metastasis. The simultaneous expression of given Treg and Th17-related genes found both in the primary tumor and in the regional lymph nodes appears to provide suitable microenvironment sufficient for promoting metastatic growth. The upregulation of Foxp3; IL10, TGFB1 and IL6 might be a transcriptional profile hallmark for colorectal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - N S Stanilov
- Breast Oncoplastic Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Spaska Angelova Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
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Lereclus E, Tout M, Girault A, Baroukh N, Caulet M, Borg C, Bouché O, Ternant D, Paintaud G, Lecomte T, Raoul W. A possible association of baseline serum IL-17A concentrations with progression-free survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with a bevacizumab-based regimen. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:220. [PMID: 28347290 PMCID: PMC5368920 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a major public health issue worldwide. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and Th17 (T-helper cell type 17)-related molecules are involved in tumor development and in resistance to bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody used in association with chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Some studies have previously shown that IL-17A and IL-17F polymorphisms, respectively rs2275913 and rs763780, are associated with gastric or colorectal cancer risk. Here we aimed at studying the influence of IL-17A-related individual factors on overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with a bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. METHODS Pre-treatment serum biomarkers were retrospectively evaluated in 122 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated by bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy at 2-weeks intervals in a prospective cohort study (NCT00489697). The polymorphisms of IL-17A and IL-17F were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum concentrations of Th17-related cytokines were measured by MultiPlex. The impact of individual parameters on overall survival and progression-free survival was assessed using multivariate Cox models. RESULTS High baseline IL-17A serum concentrations were significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival [p = 0.043]. Other baseline serum Th17-related cytokines and polymorphisms of IL-17 were not associated with overall survival or progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS In this ancillary study, baseline serum IL-17A concentration is the only Th17/IL-17 related factor that was significantly associated with the response of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to bevacizumab. But this main significant result is highly dependent on one case which, if left out, weakens the data. Other clinical studies are required to confirm this association. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00489697 . June 20, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lereclus
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France
| | - Mira Tout
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France
| | - Alban Girault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France
| | - Nadine Baroukh
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France
| | - Morgane Caulet
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France.,CHRU de Tours, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM, UMR 1098, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Bouché
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - David Ternant
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Paintaud
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Tours, France
| | - Thierry Lecomte
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France.,CHRU de Tours, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Tours, France
| | - William Raoul
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, UFR de médecine, BP 3223, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex 01, France.
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12
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Increased transforming growth factor β and interleukin 10 transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of colorectal cancer patients. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2017; 20:458-462. [PMID: 28239283 PMCID: PMC5320458 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2016.65605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study The ability of immune cells in peripheral blood to produce certain cytokines affects tumour-elicited inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression of interleukin 12A (IL-12A), IL-12B, IL-23A, IL-10, IL-6, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), HDAC3, and iNOS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Material and methods The venous blood for PBMC isolation was collected preoperatively and 10 days after surgery, from CRC patients. After isolation of total RNA and synthesis of cDNA, quantitative real-time PCR assays were performed. Results Our results demonstrated that among investigated cytokine genes IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly upregulated in patients with CRC compared to the control group, while the expression of IL-23 mRNA was significantly decreased in CRC patients. We observed significantly increased mRNA levels in CRC patients’ PBMC before surgery for IL-10 and TGF-β compared to both postoperative and control groups. We also found a significant upregulation of iNOS in early compared to advanced CRC. Conclusions Based on the results we can assume that PBMC gene expression programming in CRC patients drives local differentiation of Th cells towards Treg instead of the Th1 anti-tumour subpopulation.
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13
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Gulubova M, Ananiev J, Ignatova M, Halacheva K. Pro-Tumor and Anti-Tumor Functions of IL-17 and of TH17 Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/amb-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The current review reveals the seven subclasses of CD4+ T helper cells, i.e. Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, regulatory T cells and Tfh, the cytokines produced by them and their role in tumor microenvironment. Main attention was paid to IL-17 and Th17 cells. IL-17-producing cells were described, among which were Treg17 cells and Tc17 cells. The transcription factors, engaged in the activation of Th17 cell differentiation were reviewed. It was shown that Th17 cells might possess regulatory functions in tumor microenvironments that directs toward immunosuppression. The reciprocity between Treg and Th17 cells is realized when the production of a large amount of TGF-β in tumors causes Treg cell differentiation, and the addition of IL-6 shifts the differentiation of naïve T cells to Th17 cells. The main pro-tumor role of IL-17 is the promotion of tumor angiogenesis through stimulation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The antitumor functions of IL-17 are associated with enhancement of cytotoxic activity of tumor specific CTL cells and with angiogenesis that provide channels through which immune cells might invade tumor and promote antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakian University, 11 Armeiska Str. Bg - 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - J. Ananiev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - M. Ignatova
- Medical student at Medical Faculty, Trakian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - K. Halacheva
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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14
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The Roles of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment Associated with Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7314016. [PMID: 27630452 PMCID: PMC5007366 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7314016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
State of tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely linked to regulation of tumor growth and progression affecting the final outcome, refractoriness, and relapse of disease. Interactions of tumor, immune, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as crucial for understanding tumorigenesis. Due to their outstanding features, stem cell-like properties, capacity to regulate immune response, and dynamic functional phenotype dependent on microenvironmental stimuli, MSCs have been perceived as important players in TME. Signals provided by tumor-associated chronic inflammation educate MSCs to alter their phenotype and immunomodulatory potential in favor of tumor-biased state of MSCs. Adjustment of phenotype to TME and acquisition of tumor-promoting ability by MSCs help tumor cells in maintenance of permissive TME and suppression of antitumor immune response. Potential utilization of MSCs in treatment of tumor is based on their inherent ability to home tumor tissue that makes them suitable delivery vehicles for immune-stimulating factors and vectors for targeted antitumor therapy. Here, we review data regarding intrusive effects of inflammatory TME on MSCs capacity to affect tumor development through modification of their phenotype and interactions with immune system.
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15
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Significance of Interleukin-6 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Thyroid Res 2016; 2016:6178921. [PMID: 27034885 PMCID: PMC4808558 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6178921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to reveal the significance of IL-6 in papillary thyroid carcinoma by determining its circulating levels, tumoral protein, and mRNA expressions. As compared to the healthy individuals, serum IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with benign thyroid diseases and PTC. Further, its level was significantly higher in PTC patients as compared to patients with benign thyroid diseases. ROC curves also confirmed a good discriminatory efficacy of serum IL-6 between healthy individuals and patients with benign thyroid diseases and PTC. The circulating IL-6 was significantly associated with poor overall survival in PTC patients. IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly high in PTC patients as compared to the benign thyroid disease patients. Significantly higher IL-6 mRNA expression was also observed in the primary tumour tissues of PTC patients than the adjacent normal tissues. The protein expression of IL-6 at both the circulating and tissue level correlated with disease aggressiveness in PTC patients. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the IL-6 protein and mRNA expression in the primary tumours of PTC patients. Finally in conclusion, IL-6 has an important role in thyroid cancer progression. Thus targeting IL-6 signalling can help in clinical management of thyroid carcinoma patients.
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16
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Huynh PT, Beswick EJ, Coronado YA, Johnson P, O'Connell MR, Watts T, Singh P, Qiu S, Morris K, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. CD90(+) stromal cells are the major source of IL-6, which supports cancer stem-like cells and inflammation in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1971-81. [PMID: 26595254 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine increased in CRC and known to directly promote tumor growth. Colonic myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (CMFs or stromal cells) are CD90(+) innate immune cells representing up to 30% of normal colonic mucosal lamina propria cells. They are expanded in CRC tumor stroma, where they also known as a cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Cells of mesenchymal origin, such as normal myofibroblasts/fibroblasts, are known to secrete IL-6; however, their contribution to the increase in IL-6 in CRC and to tumor-promoting inflammation is not well defined. Using in situ, ex vivo and coculture analyses we have demonstrated that the number of IL-6 producing CMFs is increased in CRC (C-CMFs) and they represent the major source of IL-6 in T2-T3 CRC tumors. Activity/expression of stem cell markers-aldehyde dehydrogenase and LGR5- was significantly up-regulated in colon cancer cells (SW480, Caco-2 or HT29) cultured in the presence of conditioned medium from tumor isolated C-CMFs in an IL-6 dependent manner. C-CMF and its derived condition medium, but not normal CMF isolated from syngeneic normal colons, induced differentiation of tumor promoting inflammatory T helper 17 cells (Th17) cell responses in an IL-6 dependent manner. Our study suggests that CD90(+) fibroblasts/myofibroblasts may be the major source of IL-6 in T2-T3 CRC tumors, which supports the stemness of tumor cells and induces an immune adaptive inflammatory response (a.k.a. Th17) favoring tumor growth. Taken together our data supports the notion that IL-6 producing CAFs (a.k.a. C-CMFs) may provide a useful target for treating or preventing CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Huynh
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Yun A Coronado
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Paul Johnson
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Malaney R O'Connell
- Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Tammara Watts
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Pomila Singh
- Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Departments of Pathology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Katherine Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Don W Powell
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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17
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Distinctive expression pattern of interleukin-17 cytokine family members in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1609-15. [PMID: 26304506 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in both genders. Even though interleukin (IL)-17A was shown to play an important role in intestinal tumourigenesis and CRC, other IL-17 family members were not studied well. We therefore studied the expression of IL-17 cytokine family members in CRC. Ten healthy colons and ten CRC mucosa were immunostained for IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17E, and IL-17F, and their receptors IL-17RA, IL-17RB, and IL-17RC. Double immunofluorescence staining of the CRC mucosa was done for IL-17B with markers of neutrophils, endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, mast cells, or fibroblasts. While IL-17B was increased in CRC with a strong presence both in the epithelial and stromal compartments, IL-17C showed different expression depending on the grade of differentiation and IL-17E remained unchanged. In contrast, IL-17F was decreased in CRC compared to healthy control. Colon epithelial cells stained positive for IL-17RA, IL-17RB, and IL-17RC in both healthy control and CRC. Neutrophils were the main source of IL-17B in the stroma. IL-17 family members demonstrated distinct expression patterns in CRC, suggesting a differential role exerted by each member in colon carcinogenesis.
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18
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General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia ameliorates the effect of fast-track surgery by mitigating immunosuppression and facilitating intestinal functional recovery in colon cancer patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:475-81. [PMID: 25579161 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-2098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of anesthetic methods on markers of anti-tumor immunity and intestinal functions in fast-track surgery in colon cancer (CC) patients during the perioperative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 53 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II status randomly received general anesthesia (G group, n = 27) or general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia (E group, n = 26) for surgical tumor resection. The recovery times of intestinal function were evaluated in both groups postoperatively. The frequencies of different subsets of CD4+ T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, before anesthesia (t0), 1 h after the beginning of surgery (t1), 1 h after the end of surgery (t2), and on day 2 (t3) and day 5 (t4) post-surgery. RESULTS There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups, but the E group of patients received significantly lower amounts of morphine and sevoflurane. In comparison with those in the G group, significantly greater numbers of lymphocytes and elevated frequencies of Th1 cells were detected at t3 and t4 post-surgery in the E group (p < 0.01). Significantly lower percentages of Th2 cells and regulatory T cells were detected in the E group at t2-4 post-surgery. Whereas the levels of plasma CRP increased post-surgery in both groups, the levels of CRP were significantly lower in the E group than those in the G group at t3-4 post-surgery (p < 0.05). The times to the first flatus and to tolerate a full diet were significantly shorter in the E group than those in the G group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia plays an important role in fast-track surgery, mitigating the surgical stress-related impairment of anti-tumor immune responses and hastening the recovery of intestinal function. This combination might also help to improve long-term outcomes for CC patients.
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19
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Li L, Yang C, Zhao Z, Xu B, Zheng M, Zhang C, Min Z, Guo J, Rong R. Skewed T-helper (Th)1/2- and Th17/T regulatory‑cell balances in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:947-53. [PMID: 25352158 PMCID: PMC4262517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of CD4+ T-cell subsets reflects the immune status and is important in the maintenance of tumorigenesis and homeostasis. To identify changes in the balance of T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) in individuals with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the present study investigated a total of 131 patients with RCC and 36 healthy volunteers. The number of CD4+ T-bet+ cells, CD4+ GATA binding protein 3+ cells, CD4+ RAR-related orphan receptor γt+ cells, CD4+ CD25hi CD127lo CD45RA− cells and CD4+ CD25hi CD127lo CD45RA+ cells, defined as Th1, Th2, Th17, activated and naïve Treg cells, respectively, were detected in the peripheral blood using flow cytometric analysis. In addition, tumor-infiltrating forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cells were examined using immunohistochemistry. Compared with healthy volunteers, a significant decrease in the peripheral percentages of Th1, activated and naïve Treg cells was observed in patients with RCC, while those of the Th2 and Th17 cells were increased. In particular, as the tumor stage and grade progressed, the levels of Th1, activated and naïve Treg cells in the peripheral blood decreased; however, the levels of Th2 and Th17 cells increased. Furthermore, the number of tumor-infiltrating Foxp3+ cells increased with increasing tumor stage. These results demonstrated that the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells was skewed towards the Th2 profile and the balance of Th17 and Treg cells was skewed towards the Th17 profile in the peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Treg cells were recruited to the tumor sites. Therefore, dysfunctional host anti-tumor immunity was observed in patients with RCC, with a skewed Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Minghuan Zheng
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Min
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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20
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The effect of immune microenvironment on the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:82. [PMID: 25034363 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells may escape from host immune responses through active suppression of the immune response, but the detailed mechanisms in colorectal cancer remain to be elucidated. In this study, 108 colorectal tumor samples and their peritumoral tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry of infiltrating lymphocytes. Th1 and Tregs cells were determined by the positive expression of T-bet and FOXP3 proteins, respectively. The Tr1 cells were identified by CD49b and LAG-3 protein expression. IL-17-positive cells were identified by IL-17 expression. Results showed that the percentage of T-bet-positive cells was significantly decreased, while the percentages of IL-17-, FOXP3-, CD49b-, and LAG-3-positive cells were significantly increased in tumor tissues compared to that in peritumoral tissues. The ratio of IL-17-, FOXP3-, CD49b-, and LAG3-positive cells to T-bet-positive cells was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in peritumoral tissues. The percentage of infiltrating IL-17-positive cells in tumor tissues was negatively associated with lymph metastasis, invasion, and TNM stage. The percentage of CD49b- and LAG-3-positive cells was positively associated with differentiation, lymph metastasis, invasion, TNM, and Duke stage of colorectal cancer. The percentage of positive Th17 and Tr1 cells is a marker for poor prognosis in patients with CRC. In conclusion, decreased composition of regulative Th1 cells and increased composition of FOXP(+) Tregs-, CD49b(+)/LAG-3(+) Tr1-, and IL-17-positive cells in tumor tissues may be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. The high percentage of IL-17- and Tr1-positive cells in tumor tissues is a predictive marker for poor prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Ling L, Zhao P, Yan G, Chen M, Zhang T, Wang L, Jiang Y. The frequency of Th17 and Th22 cells in patients with colorectal cancer at pre-operation and post-operation. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:56-69. [PMID: 25026244 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.936445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) and Th22 cells regulate the development of tumors. However, their roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. A total of 49 patients with CRC and 18 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for the percentages of circulating Th17 and Th22 cells by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-22 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were examined. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in tumors were determined by real-time PCR. We found that the percentages of Th17 and Th22 cells in the CRC patients were significantly lower than that in the HC and were associated negatively with the pathological stages of CRC. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA transcripts were lower in the tumor tissues, particularly in the advanced CRC. After the tumor resection, the percentages of circulating Th17 and Th22 cells increased. These data suggest that decreased Th17 and Th22 responses may be associated with the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limian Ling
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China and
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22
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Cui G, Yang H, Zhao J, Yuan A, Florholmen J. Elevated proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in the adjacent tissues along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:139-46. [PMID: 24859972 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence has suggested that chronic inflammation is a causative factor in the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Interleukin (IL)-17A produced mainly by Th17 cells is a novel proinflammatory cytokine and increased IL-17A is associated with colorectal neoplastic transformation. In this study, we have evaluated the expression of IL-17A in the adjacent tissues along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The expression of IL-17A in the adjacent tissues of colorectal adenoma (adenoma-adjacent, n = 32) and sporadic CRC (CRC-adjacent, n = 45) was examined. In addition, the expression pattern of Th17 cell differentiation stimulators (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23A) in the adjacent tissues were also examined. The results showed that the expression level of IL-17A mRNA was non-statistically increased (4-fold higher) in the adenoma-adjacent tissues and it became significantly increased (9-fold higher) in the CRC-adjacent tissues as compared with the control. The expression level of IL-17A in the CRC-adjacent tissues was not associated with CRC clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. Immunohistochemistry confirmed an increased density of intraepithelial IL-17A expressing cells in the CRC-adjacent tissues. The Th17 cell differentiation simulators IL-1β and IL-6 were also shown in an increase trend from the adenoma-adjacent to CRC-adjacent tissues. These results provide evidence that IL-17A/Th17 response is enhanced in the adjacent tissues during the colorectal neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,
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