1
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Xu W, Zhang Y, Su Y, Li L, Yang X, Wang L, Gao H. USP9X regulates the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by stabilizing MTH1. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:239. [PMID: 39075342 PMCID: PMC11288101 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to promote the survival of cancer cells and its expression is frequently upregulated in cancers. Polyubiquitination stabilizes MTH1 to facilitate the proliferation of melanoma cells, suggesting the ubiquitin system controls the stability and function of MTH1. However, whether ubiquitination regulates MTH1 in gastric cancers has not been well defined. This study aims to investigate the interaction between MTH1 and a deubiquitinase, USP9X, in regulating the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. METHODS The interaction between USP9X and MTH1 was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) in HGC-27 gastric cancer cells. siRNAs were used to interfere with USP9X expression in gastric cancer cell lines HGC-27 and MKN-45. MTT assays were carried out to examine the proliferation, propidium iodide (PI) and 7-AAD staining assays were performed to assess the cell cycle, Annexin V/PI staining assays were conducted to examine the apoptosis, and transwell assays were used to determine the migration and invasion of control, USP9X-deficient, and USP9X-deficient plus MTH1-overexpressing HGC-27 and MKN-45 gastric cancer cells. RESULTS Co-IP data show that USP9X interacts with and deubiquitinates MTH1. Overexpression of USP9X elevates MTH1 protein level by downregulating its ubiquitination, while knockdown of USP9X has the opposite effect on MTH1. USP9X deficiency in HGC-27 and MKN-45 cells causes decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest, extra apoptosis, and defective migration and invasion, which could be rescued by excessive MTH1. CONCLUSION USP9X interacts with and stabilizes MTH1 to promote the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Xu
- Digestive System Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34, Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Yingrui Su
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Libin Li
- Digestive System Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xinxia Yang
- Digestive System Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Lixing Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34, Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34, Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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2
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Gao H, Chen Z, Zhao L, Ji C, Xing F. Cellular functions, molecular signalings and therapeutic applications: Translational potential of deubiquitylating enzyme USP9X as a drug target in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189099. [PMID: 38582329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination, one of the most significant post-translational modifications, plays an important role in controlling the proteins activity in diverse cellular processes. The reversible process of protein ubiquitination, known as deubiquitination, has emerged as a critical mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The deubiquitinases (DUBs), which participate in deubiquitination process are increasingly recognized as potential candidates for drug discovery. Among these DUBs, ubiquitin-specific protease 9× (USP9X), a highly conserved member of the USP family, exhibits versatile functions in various cellular processes, including the regulation of cell cycle, protein endocytosis, apoptosis, cell polarity, immunological microenvironment, and stem cell characteristics. The dysregulation and abnormal activities of USP9X are influenced by intricate cellular signaling pathway crosstalk and upstream non-coding RNAs. The complex expression patterns and controversial clinical significance of USP9X in cancers suggest its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, USP9X inhibitors has shown promising antitumor activity and holds the potential to overcome therapeutic resistance in preclinical models. However, a comprehensive summary of the role and molecular functions of USP9X in cancer progression is currently lacking. In this review, we provide a comprehensive delineation of USP9X participation in numerous critical cellular processes, complicated signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment, and its potential translational applications to combat therapeutic resistance. By systematically summarizing the updated molecular mechanisms of USP9X in cancer biology, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of cancer therapeutics and provide essential insights for specialists and clinicians in the development of improved cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ce Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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3
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Al-Balushi E, Al Marzouqi A, Tavoosi S, Baghsheikhi AH, Sadri A, Aliabadi LS, Salarabedi MM, Rahman SA, Al-Yateem N, Jarrahi AM, Halimi A, Ahmadvand M, Abdel-Rahman WM. Comprehensive analysis of the role of ubiquitin-specific peptidases in colorectal cancer: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:197-213. [PMID: 38292842 PMCID: PMC10824112 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent and the second most fatal cancer. The search for more effective drugs to treat this disease is ongoing. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CRC development and progression may reveal new therapeutic strategies. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs), the largest group of the deubiquitinase protein family, have long been implicated in various cancers. There have been numerous studies on the role of USPs in CRC; however, a comprehensive view of this role is lacking. AIM To provide a systematic review of the studies investigating the roles and functions of USPs in CRC. METHODS We systematically queried the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases. RESULTS Our study highlights the pivotal role of various USPs in several processes implicated in CRC: Regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, cancer stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, DNA repair, and drug resistance. The findings of this study suggest that USPs have great potential as drug targets and noninvasive biomarkers in CRC. The dysregulation of USPs in CRC contributes to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms. CONCLUSION Targeting specific USPs involved in drug resistance pathways could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance to current treatment regimens in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Al-Balushi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina Al Marzouqi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shima Tavoosi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Baghsheikhi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 11365/4435, Iran
| | - Arash Sadri
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Leyla Sharifi Aliabadi
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology, and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Salarabedi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Syed Azizur Rahman
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi
- Cancer Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Aram Halimi
- Cancer Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology, and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Tang GLQ, Lai JXH, Pervaiz S. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-mediated regulation of the Bcl-2 family: effects and therapeutic approaches. Haematologica 2024; 109:33-43. [PMID: 37584295 PMCID: PMC10772529 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation of proteins represents an important regulatory mechanism in maintaining healthy homeostasis in cells. Deregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is associated with various diseases as it controls protein abundance and turnover in cells. Furthermore, proteasomal regulation of protein turnover rate can determine a cell's response to external stimuli. The Bcl-2 family of proteins is an important group of proteins involved in mediating cell survival or cell death in response to external stimuli. Aberrant overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins or deletion of pro-apoptotic proteins can lead to the development of cancer. Unsurprisingly, proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 proteins also serves as an important factor regulating the level of Bcl-2 proteins and thereby affecting the functional outcome of cell death. This review aims to highlight the regulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins with particular emphasis on proteasomal-mediated degradation pathways and the current literature on the therapeutic approaches targeting the proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Le Qian Tang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Jolin Xiao Hui Lai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Science and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Medicine Healthy Longevity Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System.
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5
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Riley AK, Grant M, Snell A, Vichas A, Moorthi S, Urisman A, Castel P, Wan L, Berger AH. The deubiquitinase USP9X regulates RIT1 protein abundance and oncogenic phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569313. [PMID: 38077017 PMCID: PMC10705424 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
RIT1 is a rare and understudied oncogene in lung cancer. Despite structural similarity to other RAS GTPase proteins such as KRAS, oncogenic RIT1 activity does not appear to be tightly regulated by nucleotide exchange or hydrolysis. Instead, there is a growing understanding that the protein abundance of RIT1 is important for its regulation and function. We previously identified the deubiquitinase USP9X as a RIT1 dependency in RIT1-mutant cells. Here, we demonstrate that both wild-type and mutant forms of RIT1 are substrates of USP9X. Depletion of USP9X leads to decreased RIT1 protein stability and abundance and resensitizes cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our work expands upon the current understanding of RIT1 protein regulation and presents USP9X as a key regulator of RIT1-driven oncogenic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Riley
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Grant
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aidan Snell
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Athea Vichas
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alice H. Berger
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Lead contact:
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6
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Zhou XJ, Li R, Liu X, Qu YQ. Advances in deubiquitinating enzymes in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:5573-5582. [PMID: 34405018 PMCID: PMC8364634 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of ubiquitination and deubiquitination is widely present in the human body's protein reactions and plays versatile roles in multiple diseases. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are significant regulators of this process, which cleave the ubiquitin (Ub) moiety from various substrates and maintain protein stability. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and remains refractory to treatment. To elucidate the mechanism of LUAD and advance new therapeutic targets, we review the latest research progress on DUBs in LUAD. We summarize the biological capabilities of these DUBs and further highlight those DUBs that may serve as anticancer target candidates for precision treatment. We also discuss deubiquitinase inhibitors, which are expected to play a role in targeted LUAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University (Jinan 250012, China)
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University (Jinan 250012, China)
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University (Jinan 250012, China)
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Jinan 250012, China)
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7
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Sulkshane P, Pawar SN, Waghole R, Pawar SS, Rajput P, Uthale A, Oak S, Kalkar P, Wani H, Patil R, Nair S, Rane P, Teni T. Elevated USP9X drives early-to-late-stage oral tumorigenesis via stabilisation of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 protein and impacts outcome in oral cancers. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:547-560. [PMID: 34079080 PMCID: PMC8367974 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is linked to disease progression, therapy resistance and poor outcome. Despite its characteristic short half-life owing to ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation, oral tumours frequently show elevated MCL-1 protein expression. Hence, we investigated the role of deubiquitinase USP9X in stabilising MCL-1 protein and its contribution to oral tumorigenesis. METHODS Expression of MCL-1 and USP9X was assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in oral cancer cell lines and tissues. The association between MCL-1 and USP9X was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Cell death assessment was performed by MTT, flow cytometry and clonogenic assays. RESULTS Both USP9X and MCL-1 are significantly elevated in oral premalignant lesions and oral tumours versus normal mucosa. USP9X interacts with and deubiquitinates MCL-1, thereby stabilising it. Pharmacological inhibition of USP9X potently induced cell death in OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The elevated expression of USP9X and MCL-1 correlated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the oncogenic role of USP9X in driving early-to-late stages of oral tumorigenesis via stabilisation of MCL-1, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Sulkshane
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.6451.60000000121102151Present Address: Glickman Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sagar N. Pawar
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Rohit Waghole
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sushil S. Pawar
- KBH Dental College and Hospital, Panchwati, Nashik, Maharashtra India
| | - Priyanka Rajput
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Abhay Uthale
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Swapnil Oak
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Prajakta Kalkar
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Harshada Wani
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Rahul Patil
- KBH Dental College and Hospital, Panchwati, Nashik, Maharashtra India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- grid.410869.20000 0004 1766 7522Clinical Research Secretariat, ACTREC, TMC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
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8
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Vichas A, Riley AK, Nkinsi NT, Kamlapurkar S, Parrish PCR, Lo A, Duke F, Chen J, Fung I, Watson J, Rees M, Gabel AM, Thomas JD, Bradley RK, Lee JK, Hatch EM, Baine MK, Rekhtman N, Ladanyi M, Piccioni F, Berger AH. Integrative oncogene-dependency mapping identifies RIT1 vulnerabilities and synergies in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4789. [PMID: 34373451 PMCID: PMC8352964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based cancer dependency maps are accelerating advances in cancer precision medicine, but adequate functional maps are limited to the most common oncogenes. To identify opportunities for therapeutic intervention in other rarer subsets of cancer, we investigate the oncogene-specific dependencies conferred by the lung cancer oncogene, RIT1. Here, genome-wide CRISPR screening in KRAS, EGFR, and RIT1-mutant isogenic lung cancer cells identifies shared and unique vulnerabilities of each oncogene. Combining this genetic data with small-molecule sensitivity profiling, we identify a unique vulnerability of RIT1-mutant cells to loss of spindle assembly checkpoint regulators. Oncogenic RIT1M90I weakens the spindle assembly checkpoint and perturbs mitotic timing, resulting in sensitivity to Aurora A inhibition. In addition, we observe synergy between mutant RIT1 and activation of YAP1 in multiple models and frequent nuclear overexpression of YAP1 in human primary RIT1-mutant lung tumors. These results provide a genome-wide atlas of oncogenic RIT1 functional interactions and identify components of the RAS pathway, spindle assembly checkpoint, and Hippo/YAP1 network as candidate therapeutic targets in RIT1-mutant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athea Vichas
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda K Riley
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naomi T Nkinsi
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phoebe C R Parrish
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - April Lo
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fujiko Duke
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iris Fung
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Austin M Gabel
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James D Thomas
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert K Bradley
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John K Lee
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily M Hatch
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina K Baine
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Berger
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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Han L, Guo T, Liu DL, Tan YY. Progress in research of deubiquitination enzymes in colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:809-815. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i14.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dubiquitinating enzymes include six subfamilies, which are widely distributed in various cells of the body. They play an important role in many processes, such as regulating the degradation of protein, and are involved in cell growth and proliferation, immune regulation, nerve function, tumor development, and molecular signaling pathways. Colorectal cancer, as one of the five malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality, is a serious threat to human health. More and more studies have reported that the deubiquitination enzyme family plays an important role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Here, we review the recent progress in the research of deubiquitination enzymes in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China,Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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10
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Nickson CM, Fabbrizi MR, Carter RJ, Hughes JR, Kacperek A, Hill MA, Parsons JL. USP9X Is Required to Maintain Cell Survival in Response to High-LET Radiation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671431. [PMID: 34277417 PMCID: PMC8281306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) principally acts through induction of DNA damage that promotes cell death, although the biological effects of IR are more broad ranging. In fact, the impact of IR of higher-linear energy transfer (LET) on cell biology is generally not well understood. Critically, therefore, the cellular enzymes and mechanisms responsible for enhancing cell survival following high-LET IR are unclear. To this effect, we have recently performed siRNA screening to identify deubiquitylating enzymes that control cell survival specifically in response to high-LET α-particles and protons, in comparison to low-LET X-rays and protons. From this screening, we have now thoroughly validated that depletion of the ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) in HeLa and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (UMSCC74A) cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA), leads to significantly decreased survival of cells after high-LET radiation. We consequently investigated the mechanism through which this occurs, and demonstrate that an absence of USP9X has no impact on DNA damage repair post-irradiation nor on apoptosis, autophagy, or senescence. We discovered that USP9X is required to stabilize key proteins (CEP55 and CEP131) involved in centrosome and cilia formation and plays an important role in controlling pericentrin-rich foci, particularly in response to high-LET protons. This was also confirmed directly by demonstrating that depletion of CEP55/CEP131 led to both enhanced radiosensitivity of cells to high-LET protons and amplification of pericentrin-rich foci. Our evidence supports the importance of USP9X in maintaining centrosome function and biogenesis and which is crucial particularly in the cellular response to high-LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Nickson
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J. Carter
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Hughes
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Kacperek
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Hill
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, United Kingdom
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11
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Ragheb MA, Soliman MH, Elzayat EM, Mohamed MS, El-Ekiaby N, Abdelaziz AI, Abdel-Wahab AHA. MicroRNA-520c-3p Modulates Doxorubicin-Chemosensitivity in HepG2 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:237-245. [PMID: 32357822 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200502004817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most common drugs used in cancer therapy, including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Drug resistance is one of chemotherapy's significant problems. Emerging studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could participate in regulating this mechanism. Nevertheless, the impact of miRNAs on HCC chemoresistance is still enigmatic. OBJECTIVE Investigating the role of microRNA-520c-3p (miR-520c-3p) in the enhancement of the anti-tumor effect of DOX against HepG2 cells. METHODS Expression profile for liver-related miRNAs (384 miRNAs) has been analyzed on HepG2 cells treated with DOX using qRT-PCR. miR-520c-3p, the most deregulated miRNA, was selected for combination treatment with DOX. The expression level for LEF1, CDK2, CDH1, VIM, Mcl-1 and p53 was evaluated in miR-520c-3p transfected cells. Cell viability, colony formation, wound healing as well as apoptosis assays have been demonstrated. Furthermore, Mcl-1 protein level was measured using the western blot technique. RESULTS The present data indicated that miR-520c-3p overexpression could render HepG2 cells chemo-sensitive to DOX through enhancing its suppressive effects on proliferation, migration, and induction of apoptosis. The suppressive effect of miR-520c-3p involved altering the expression levels of some key regulators of cell cycle, proliferation, migration and apoptosis, including LEF1, CDK2, CDH1, VIM, Mcl-1 and p53. Interestingly, Mcl-1 was found to be one of the potential targets of miR-520c-3p, and its protein expression level was down-regulated upon miR-520c-3p overexpression. CONCLUSION Our data referred to the tumor suppressor function of miR-520c-3p that could modulate the chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells towards DOX treatment, providing a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Soliman
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad M Elzayat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Ekiaby
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), NewGiza, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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LaPlante G, Zhang W. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34203106 PMCID: PMC8235664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting other UPS components. On the other hand, while the discovery of potent and selective chemical compounds can be both challenging and time consuming, the area of targeted protein degradation through utilization of the UPS machinery has seen promising developments in recent years. The repertoire of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ E3 ligases for the degradation of cancer-related proteins via the proteasome, continues to grow. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of small-molecule UPS inhibitors and highlight advancements in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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13
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King HM, Rana S, Kubica SP, Mallareddy JR, Kizhake S, Ezell EL, Zahid M, Naldrett MJ, Alvarez S, Law HCH, Woods NT, Natarajan A. Aminopyrazole based CDK9 PROTAC sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to venetoclax. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128061. [PMID: 33895280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family which is involved in transcriptional regulation of several genes, including the oncogene Myc, and is a validated target for pancreatic cancer. Here we report the development of an aminopyrazole based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC 2) that selectively degrades CDK9 (DC50 = 158 ± 6 nM). Mass spectrometry-based kinome profiling shows PROTAC 2 selectively degrades CDK9 in MiaPaCa2 cells and sensitizes them to Venetoclax mediated growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M King
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Sydney P Kubica
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Jayapal Reddy Mallareddy
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Edward L Ezell
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Henry C-H Law
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, USA.
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14
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Chen E, Li E, Liu H, Zhou Y, Wen L, Wang J, Wang Y, Ye L, Liang T. miR-26b enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to Doxorubicin via USP9X-dependent degradation of p53 and regulation of autophagy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:781-795. [PMID: 33767588 PMCID: PMC7975695 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance is a major challenge to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, and the over-expression or deletion of microRNA (miRNA) expression is closely related to the drug-resistant properties of various cell lines. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to determine cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagic flow, and nanoparticle characterization, respectively. In this study, the results showed that the expression of miR-26b was downregulated following doxorubicin treatment in human HCC tissues. An miR-26b mimic enhanced HCC cell doxorubicin sensitivity, except in the absence of p53 in Hep3B cells. Delivery of the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-26b on the level of p53 following doxorubicin treatment. Tenovin-1 (an MDM2 inhibitor) protected p53 from ubiquitination-mediated degradation only in HepG2 cells with wild type p53. Tenovin-1 pretreatment enhanced HCC cell resistance to doxorubicin when transfected with an miR-26b mimic. Moreover, the miR-26b mimic inhibited doxorubicin-induced autophagy and the autophagy inducer, rapamycin, eliminated the differences in the drug sensitivity effect of miR-26b. In vivo, treatment with sp94dr/miR-26b mimic nanoparticles plus doxorubicin inhibited tumor growth. Our current data indicate that miR-26b enhances HCC cell sensitivity to doxorubicin through diminishing USP9X-mediated p53 de-ubiquitination caused by DNA damaging drugs and autophagy regulation. This miRNA-mediated pathway that modulates HCC will help develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjiang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Song X, Shen L, Tong J, Kuang C, Zeng S, Schoen RE, Yu J, Pei H, Zhang L. Mcl-1 inhibition overcomes intrinsic and acquired regorafenib resistance in colorectal cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:8098-8110. [PMID: 32724460 PMCID: PMC7381732 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance to targeted therapies is a significant clinical problem in cancer. We previously showed that resistance to regorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, can be caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor FBW7, which block degradation of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1. We tested if Mcl-1 inhibition can be used to develop a precision combination therapy for overcoming regorafenib resistance. METHODS Small-molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors were tested on CRC cells with knock-in (KI) of a non-degradable Mcl-1. Effects of Mcl-1 inhibitors on regorafenib sensitivity were determined in FBW7-mutant and -wild-type (WT) CRC cells and tumors, and in those with acquired regorafenib resistance due to enriched FBW7 mutations. Furthermore, translational potential was explored by establishing and analyzing FBW7-mutant and -WT patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) tumor models. RESULTS We found that highly potent and specific Mcl-1 inhibitors such as S63845 overcame regorafenib resistance by restoring apoptosis in multiple regorafenib-resistant CRC models. Mcl-1 inhibition re-sensitized CRC tumors with intrinsic and acquired regorafenib resistance in vitro and in vivo, including those with FBW7 mutations. Importantly, Mcl-1 inhibition also sensitized FBW7-mutant PDO and PDX models to regorafenib. In contrast, Mcl-1 inhibition had no effect in FBW7-WT CRCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Mcl-1 inhibitors can overcome intrinsic and acquired regorafenib resistance in CRCs by restoring apoptotic response. FBW7 mutations might be a potential biomarker predicting for response to the regorafenib/Mcl-1 inhibitor combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Song
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Shen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. USA
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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16
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Tian T, Bi H, Liu Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Cao L, Hu F, Zhao Y, Yuan H. Copy number variation of ubiquitin- specific proteases genes in blood leukocytes and colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:637-646. [PMID: 32364424 PMCID: PMC7515516 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1750860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) play important roles in the regulation of many cancer-related biological processes. USPs copy number variation (CNVs) may affect the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We detected CNVs of USPs genes in 468 matched CRC patients and controls, estimated the associations between the USPs genes CNVs and CRC risk and prognosis and their interactions with environmental factors on CRC risk. Finally, we generated five CRC risk predictive models with different CNVs patterns combining with environmental factors (EF). We identified significant association between CYLD deletion and CRC risk (ORadj = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.03-8.62), significant association between USP9X amplification and CRC risk (ORadj = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.48-3.57), and significant association between USP11 deletion and CRC risk (ORadj = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.49-8.64). There were significant gene-environment and gene-gene interactions on CRC risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of EF + SIG (deletion of CYLD and USP11, amplification of USP9X) model was significantly larger than any other models (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.74-0.77). We did not identify significant associations between CNVs of the three genes and CRC prognosis. CNVs of CYLD, USP9X, and USP11 are significantly associated with the risk of CRC. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might also play an important role in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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17
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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18
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Zhang X, Linder S, Bazzaro M. Drug Development Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) for the Treatment of Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040902. [PMID: 32272746 PMCID: PMC7226376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a higher rate of protein turnover and greater demand for protein homeostasis compared to normal cells. In this scenario, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for the degradation of over 80% of cellular proteins within mammalian cells, becomes vital to cancer cells, making the UPS a critical target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. This review systematically categorizes all current reported small molecule inhibitors of the various essential components of the UPS, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the 20S proteasome catalytic core particle (20S CP) and the 19S proteasome regulatory particles (19S RP), as well as their mechanism/s of action and limitations. We also discuss the immunoproteasome which is considered as a prospective therapeutic target of the next generation of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence:
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19
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O'Dea R, Santocanale C. Non-canonical regulation of homologous recombination DNA repair by the USP9X deubiquitylase. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs233437. [PMID: 31964704 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to prevent the deleterious effects of genotoxic agents, cells have developed complex surveillance mechanisms and DNA repair pathways that allow them to maintain genome integrity. The ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) contributes to genome stability during DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Depletion of USP9X leads to DNA double-strand breaks, some of which are triggered by replication fork collapse. Here, we identify USP9X as a novel regulator of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair in human cells. By performing cellular HR reporter, irradiation-induced focus formation and colony formation assays, we show that USP9X is required for efficient HR. Mechanistically, we show USP9X is important to sustain the expression levels of key HR factors, namely BRCA1 and RAD51 through a non-canonical regulation of their mRNA abundance. Intriguingly, we find that the contribution of USP9X to BRCA1 and RAD51 expression is independent of its known catalytic activity. Thus, this work identifies USP9X as a regulator of HR, demonstrates a novel mechanism by which USP9X can regulate protein levels, and provides insights in to the regulation of BRCA1 and RAD51 mRNA.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O'Dea
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
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20
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Watanabe D, Okada K, Ishida S, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X Downregulates JAK2-V617F and Induces Apoptosis Synergistically with BH3 Mimetics Preferentially in Ruxolitinib-Persistent JAK2-V617F-Positive Leukemic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020406. [PMID: 32050632 PMCID: PMC7072561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2-V617F plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm. However, its inhibitor ruxolitinib has shown limited clinical efficacies because of the ruxolitinib-persistent proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive cells. We here demonstrate that the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 or EOAI3402143 (G9) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis more efficiently in cells dependent on JAK2-V617F than on cytokine-activated JAK2. WP1130 preferentially downregulated activated and autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F by enhancing its K63-linked polyubiquitination and inducing its aggresomal translocation to block downstream signaling. Furthermore, JAK2-V617F associated physically with USP9X in leukemic HEL cells. Induction of apoptosis by inhibition of USP9X was mediated through the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway, synergistically enhanced by BH3 mimetics, prevented by overexpression of Bcl-xL, and required oxidative stress to activate stress-related MAP kinases p38 and JNK as well as DNA damage responses in HEL cells. Although autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F was resistant to WP1130 in the ruxolitinib-persistent HEL-R cells, these cells expressed Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at lower levels and showed an increased sensitivity to WP1130 as well as BH3 mimetics as compared with ruxolitinib-naive HEL cells. Thus, USP9X represents a promising target along with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for novel therapeutic strategies against JAK2-V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly under the ruxolitinib persistence conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Repurposing old drugs as new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:105-122. [PMID: 31883910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the degradation of cellular proteins. Targeting protein degradation has been validated as an effective strategy for cancer therapy since 2003. Several components of the UPS have been validated as potential anticancer targets, including 20S proteasomes, 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) and ubiquitin ligases (E3s). 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib/BTZ and carfilzomib/CFZ) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and some other liquid tumors. Although survival of MM patients has been improved by the introduction of BTZ-based therapies, these clinical 20S proteasome inhibitors have several limitations, including emergence of resistance in MM patients, neuro-toxicities, and little efficacy in solid tumors. One of strategies to improve the current status of cancer treatment is to repurpose old drugs with UPS-inhibitory properties as new anticancer agents. Old drug reposition represents an attractive drug discovery approach compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery process which is time-consuming and costly. In this review, we summarize status of repurposed inhibitors of various UPS components, including 20S proteasomes, 19S-associated DUBs, and ubiquitin ligase E3s. The original and new mechanisms of action, molecular targets, and potential anticancer activities of these repurposed UPS inhibitors are reviewed, and their new uses including combinational therapies for cancer treatment are discussed.
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Kour S, Rana S, Contreras JI, King HM, Robb CM, Sonawane YA, Bendjennat M, Crawford AJ, Barger CJ, Kizhake S, Luo X, Hollingsworth MA, Natarajan A. CDK5 Inhibitor Downregulates Mcl-1 and Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines to Navitoclax. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:419-429. [PMID: 31467029 PMCID: PMC6726458 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing small molecules that indirectly regulate Mcl-1 function has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Here, we report the discovery of an aminopyrazole, 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-N-(5-cyclobutyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide (analog 24), which selectively inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 5 over CDK2 in cancer cell lines. We also show that analog 24 reduced Mcl-1 levels in a concentration-dependent manner in cancer cell lines. Using a panel of doxycycline inducible cell lines, we show that CDK5 inhibitor 24 selectively modulates Mcl-1 function while the CDK4/6 inhibitor 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrido[2,3-day]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one does not. Previous studies using RNA interference and CRISPR showed that concurrent elimination of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 resulted in induction of apoptosis. In pancreatic cancer cell lines, we show that either CDK5 knockdown or expression of a dominant negative CDK5 when combined with Bcl2 inhibitor results in synergistic induction of apoptosis. Moreover, concurrent pharmacological perturbation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL in pancreatic cancer cell lines using a CDK5 inhibitor analog 24 that reduced Mcl-1 levels and 4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]methyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-[(4-{[(2R)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)-2-butanyl]amino}-3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]phenyl)sulfonyl] benzamide (navitoclax), a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Bcl-w inhibitor, resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrate targeting CDK5 will sensitize pancreatic cancers to Bcl-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jacob I Contreras
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Hannah M King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Caroline M Robb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yogesh A Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mourad Bendjennat
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ayrianne J Crawford
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases (S.Ko., S.R., J.I.C., H.M.K., C.M.R., Y.A.S., M.B., A.J.C., C.J.B., S.Ki., X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.N.) and Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.N.), and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (X.L., M.A.H., A.N.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Ahn CH, Lee WW, Jung YC, Shin JA, Hong KO, Choi S, Swarup N, Kim J, Ahn MH, Jung M, Cho SD, Jin B. Antitumor effect of TW-37, a BH3 mimetic in human oral cancer. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:27. [PMID: 32257914 PMCID: PMC7081630 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TW-37 is a small molecule B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) homology 3 mimetic with potential anticancer activities. However, the in vivo anti-cancer effect of TW-37 in human oral cancer has not been properly studied yet. Here, we attempted to confirm antitumor activity of TW37 in human oral cancer. TW-37 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased the number of dead cells in MC-3 and HSC-3 human oral cancer cell lines. TW-37 enhanced apoptosis of both cell lines evidenced by annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, sub-G1 population analysis and the detection of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3. In addition, TW-37 markedly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein, while not affecting Bcl-xL or myeloid cell leukemia-1. In vivo, TW-37 inhibited tumor growth in a nude mice xenograft model without any significant liver and kidney toxicities. Collectively, these data reveal that TW-37 may be a promising small molecule to inhibit human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hyun Ahn
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- 2Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam, 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- Chaon, 301-3, 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13493 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ok Hong
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Choi
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Neeti Swarup
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Ahn
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Jung
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- 2Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam, 13488 Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Cheng Z, Raghothama C, Cui Z, Liu K, Li X, Jiang C, Jiang W, Tan M, Ni X, Pandey A, Liu JO, Dang Y. USP9X controls translation efficiency via deubiquitination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:823-839. [PMID: 29228324 PMCID: PMC5778534 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling translation initiation is an efficient way to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, current knowledge regarding regulatory proteins and their modes of controlling translation initiation is still limited. In this study, we employed tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry to screen for unknown proteins associated with the translation initiation machinery. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), was identified as a novel binding partner, that interacts with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) in a mRNA-independent manner. USP9X-deficient cells presented significantly impaired nascent protein synthesis, cap-dependent translation initiation and cellular proliferation. USP9X can selectively alter the translation of pro-oncogenic mRNAs, such as c-Myc and XIAP. Moreover, we found that eIF4A1, which is primarily ubiquitinated at Lys-369, is the substrate of USP9X. USP9X dysfunction increases the ubiquitination of eIF4A1 and enhances its degradation. Our results provide evidence that USP9X is a novel regulator of the translation initiation process via deubiquitination of eIF4A1, which offers new insight in understanding the pivotal role of USP9X in human malignancies and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chaerkady Raghothama
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhaomeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohua Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IAD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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25
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Ishida S, Okada K, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X induces apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells cooperatively by inhibiting the mutant kinase through aggresomal translocation and inducing oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Li H, Zheng B. Overexpression of the Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked (USP9X) Gene is Associated with Upregulation of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and Downregulation of Cyclin-Dependent Inhibitor Kinase 1A (CDKN1A) in Breast Cancer Tissue and Cell Lines. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4207-4216. [PMID: 31169265 PMCID: PMC6568031 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X) gene in breast cancer remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of USP9X in breast cancer tissue and cell lines. Material/Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression levels of USP9X in 102 breast cancer tissue samples and 41 normal breast tissue samples. Overexpression of USP9X in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were studied by USP9X lentivirus vector transfection. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/caspase-9 USP9X gene knockout was performed. Cell proliferation, growth, and survival were examined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, the colony formation assay, flow cytometry assays, and a tumor xenograft study. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that USP9X was significantly overexpressed in 93 of 102 (91.1%) breast cancer tissue samples compared with 41 normal breast tissue samples and was associated with tumor size ≥5.0 cm (P<0.05). USP9X overexpression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer increased cell proliferation and survival, significantly reduced the number of cells in the G1-phase cells and increased the number of cells in the S-phase cells, which were reversed by CRISPR/caspase-9 USP9X gene knockout. Overexpression of USP9X upregulated the CCND1 gene encoding cyclin D1 and downregulated cyclin-dependent inhibitor kinase 1A (CDKN1A) gene in breast cancer cells, which were reversed by USP9X knockout. Conclusions Overexpression of USP9X was associated with upregulation of the CCND1 gene and downregulation of the CDKN1A gene in breast cancer tissue and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of the Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of the Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China (mainland).,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Chen X, Lu D, Gao J, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Gao D, Zhou H. Identification of a USP9X Substrate NFX1-123 by SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2654-2665. [PMID: 31059266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The deubiquitinase USP9X is involved in multiple diseases including neurodegeneration, epilepsy, and various types of tumors by targeting different substrates. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential substrates of USP9X and performed SILAC-based quantitative proteomics to compare these substrates in USP9X-knockdown and wild-type HeLa cells. We consequently carried out Flag-NFX1-123 tag affinity-based mass spectrometry and confirmed that the X-box binding nuclear factor NFX1-123 interacted with USP9X. Moreover, immunoprecipitation assays verified a direct interaction between USP9X and NFX1-123. Further experiments confirmed that NFX1-123 could be modified by ubiquitination and that USP9X stabilized NFX1-123 via efficient deubiquitination of NFX1-123. Knockdown of USP9X resulted in decreased NFX1-123 protein levels compared with their unchanged corresponding mRNA levels in different cell lines. In summary, we found that NFX1-123 was a bona fide substrate of the deubiquitinase USP9X and that it could be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The present study provided new insight into understanding the biological function of USP9X by targeting its substrate NFX1-123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dayun Lu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Daming Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Number 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
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Investigating the Molecular Basis of N-Substituted 1-Hydroxy-4-Sulfamoyl-2-Naphthoate Compounds Binding to Mcl1. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl1) is an anti–apoptotic protein that has gained considerable attention due to its overexpression activity prevents cell death. Therefore, a potential inhibitor that specifically targets Mcl1 with higher binding affinity is necessary. Recently, a series of N-substituted 1-hydroxy-4-sulfamoyl-2-naphthoate compounds was reported that targets Mcl1, but its binding mechanism remains unexplored. Here, we attempted to explore the molecular mechanism of binding to Mcl1 using advanced computational approaches: pharmacophore-based 3D-QSAR, docking, and MD simulation. The selected pharmacophore—NNRRR—yielded a statistically significant 3D-QSAR model containing high confidence scores (R2 = 0.9209, Q2 = 0.8459, and RMSE = 0.3473). The contour maps—comprising hydrogen bond donor, hydrophobic, negative ionic and electron withdrawal effects—from our 3D-QSAR model identified the favorable regions crucial for maximum activity. Furthermore, the external validation of the selected model using enrichment and decoys analysis reveals a high predictive power. Also, the screening capacity of the selected model had scores of 0.94, 0.90, and 8.26 from ROC, AUC, and RIE analysis, respectively. The molecular docking of the highly active compound—C40; 4-(N-benzyl-N-(4-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy) phenyl) sulfamoyl)-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate—predicted the low-energy conformational pose, and the MD simulation revealed crucial details responsible for the molecular mechanism of binding with Mcl1.
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WP1130 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through USP9X-Dependent miR-708-Mediated Downregulation of c-FLIP. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030344. [PMID: 30862047 PMCID: PMC6469024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WP1130, a partially selective deubiquitinases (DUB) inhibitor, inhibits the deubiquitinating activities of USP5, USP9X, USP14, USP37, and UCHL1. In this study, we investigate whether WP1130 exerts sensitizing effect on TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells. Combinations of WP1130 and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma, lung carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not in normal cells (human mesangial cells (MC) and normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1)). The downregulation of c-FLIP protein expression was involved in combined treatment-induced apoptosis. WP1130-induced c-FLIP downregulation was regulated by microRNA (miR)-708 upregulation via inhibition of USP9X. Interestingly, knockdown of USP9X markedly induced c-FLIP downregulation, upregulation of miR-708 expression and sensitivity to TRAIL. Furthermore, ectopic expression of USP9X prevented c-FLIP downregulation and apoptosis upon combined treatment. In sum, WP1130 sensitized TRAIL-induced apoptosis through miR-708-mediated downregulation of c-FLIP by inhibition of USP9X.
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Marimuthu P, Singaravelu K. Unraveling the molecular mechanism of benzothiophene and benzofuran scaffold-merged compounds binding to anti-apoptotic Myeloid cell leukemia 1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1992-2003. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1474805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Marimuthu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalaimathy Singaravelu
- Department of Information Technology, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bianchetti E, Bates SJ, Carroll SL, Siegelin MD, Roth KA. Usp9X Regulates Cell Death in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17390. [PMID: 30478285 PMCID: PMC6255814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are the leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. Current treatment modalities have been largely unsuccessful in improving MPNST patient survival, making the identification of new therapeutic targets urgent. In this study, we found that interference with Usp9X, a deubiquitinating enzyme which is overexpressed in nervous system tumors, or Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family whose degradation is regulated by Usp9X, causes rapid death in human MPNST cell lines. Although both Usp9X and Mcl-1 knockdown elicited some features of apoptosis, broad spectrum caspase inhibition was ineffective in preventing knockdown-induced MPNST cell death suggesting that caspase-independent death pathways were also activated. Ultrastructural examination of MPNST cells following either Usp9X interference or pharmacological inhibition showed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and swelling of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria most consistent with paraptotic cell death. Finally, the Usp9X pharmacological inhibitor WP1130 significantly reduced human MPNST growth and induced tumor cell death in an in vivo xenograft model. In total, these findings indicate that Usp9X and Mcl-1 play significant roles in maintaining human MPNST cell viability and that pharmacological inhibition of Usp9X deubiquitinase activity could be a therapeutic target for MPNST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bianchetti
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
| | - S J Bates
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - S L Carroll
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - M D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - K A Roth
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
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Ma T, Chen W, Zhi X, Liu H, Zhou Y, Chen BW, Hu L, Shen J, Zheng X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Li H, Liang T. USP9X inhibition improves gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Patel K, Ahmed ZSO, Huang X, Yang Q, Ekinci E, Neslund-Dudas CM, Mitra B, Elnady FAEM, Ahn YH, Yang H, Liu J, Dou QP. Discovering proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors for cancer therapy: lessons from rational design, nature and old drug reposition. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2087-2108. [PMID: 30066579 PMCID: PMC6123888 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system has been validated as a target of cancer therapies evident by the US FDA approval of anticancer 20S proteasome inhibitors. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), an essential component of the ubiquitin proteasome system, regulate cellular processes through the removal of ubiquitin from ubiquitinated-tagged proteins. The deubiquitination process has been linked with cancer and other pathologies. As such, the study of proteasomal DUBs and their inhibitors has garnered interest as a novel strategy to improve current cancer therapies, especially for cancers resistant to 20S proteasome inhibitors. This article reviews proteasomal DUB inhibitors in the context of: discovery through rational design approach, discovery from searching natural products and discovery from repurposing old drugs, and offers a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zainab SO Ahmed
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christine M Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences & Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Suite 5C, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bharati Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fawzy AEM Elnady
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Qing Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
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Liu W, Huo Y, Yang J, Fu X, Yang M, Tao L, Liu D, Zhang J, Hua R, Sun Y. Decreased expression of USP9X is associated with poor prognosis in Chinese pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9287-9292. [PMID: 29844826 PMCID: PMC5958808 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression level of ubiquitin specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) and its clinical significance in Chinese patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The mRNA expression levels of USP9X in 30 paired PDAC tissue samples were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of USP9X was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray containing 205 PDAC specimens. All analyses were performed by SPSS 20.0 and GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. The USP9X mRNA level was significantly decreased in 18/30 (60.0%) PDAC tissue samples compared with matched surrounding non-tumor tissue samples. The results of IHC revealed that decreased expression of USP9X was inversely associated with liver metastasis (P=0.032). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients with high expression of USP9X presented a longer clinical overall survival time (P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that USP9X protein expression level was a significant, and independent prognostic factor for the overall survival rate of patients with PDAC. The results of the present study indicate that USP9X may serve as a candidate tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yanmiao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Fu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Minwei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lingye Tao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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35
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Chen X, Yang Q, Xiao L, Tang D, Dou QP, Liu J. Metal-based proteasomal deubiquitinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:655-668. [PMID: 29039082 PMCID: PMC5721122 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) play an important role in protein quality control in eukaryotic cells due to their ability to specifically remove ubiquitin from substrate proteins. Therefore, recent findings have focused on the relevance of DUBs to cancer development, and pharmacological intervention on these enzymes has become a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In particular, several DUBs are physically and/or functionally associated with the proteasome and are attractive targets for the development of novel anticancer drugs. The successful clinical application of cisplatin in cancer treatment has prompted researchers to develop various metal-based anticancer agents with new properties. Recently, we have reported that several metal-based drugs, such as the antirheumatic gold agent auranofin (AF), the antifouling paint biocides copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), and also our two synthesized complexes platinum pyrithione (PtPT) and nickel pyrithione (NiPT), can target the proteasomal DUBs UCHL5 and USP14. In this review, we summarize the recently reported small molecule inhibitors of proteasomal DUBs, with a focus on discussion of the unique nature of metal-based proteasomal DUB inhibitors and their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA.,Department of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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36
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Chen X, Yu C, Gao J, Zhu H, Cui B, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Liu Q, He H, Xiao R, Huang R, Xie H, Gao D, Zhou H. A novel USP9X substrate TTK contributes to tumorigenesis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2348-2360. [PMID: 29721084 PMCID: PMC5928894 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked deubiquitinase, USP9X, is implicated in multiple cancers by targeting various substrates. Increased expression of USP9X is observed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is correlated with poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism for USP9X regulation of tumor cell survival and tumorigenesis in NSCLC is less defined. Methods: In this study, chemical labeling, quantitative proteomic screening was applied to analyze A549 cells with or without USP9X RNA interference. Functional in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to confirm the oncogenic effects of USP9X in NSCLC and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results: The resulting data suggested that dual specificity protein kinase TTK is a potential substrate of USP9X. Further experimental evidences confirmed that USP9X stabilized TTK via direct interaction and efficient deubiquitination of TTK on K48 ubiquitin chain. Moreover, knockdown of USP9X or TTK inhibited cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis, and the immunohistochemical analysis of clinical NSCLC samples showed that the protein expression levels of USP9X and TTK were significantly elevated and positively correlated in tumor tissues. Conclusions: In summary, our data demonstrated that the USP9X-TTK axis may play a critical role in NSCLC, and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
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Maeda Y, Takahashi H, Nakai N, Yanagita T, Ando N, Okubo T, Saito K, Shiga K, Hirokawa T, Hara M, Ishiguro H, Matsuo Y, Takiguchi S. Apigenin induces apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 simultaneously via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in colon cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1661-1673. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Nanako Ando
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishiguro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8602, Japan
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38
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USP9X destabilizes pVHL and promotes cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60519-60534. [PMID: 27517496 PMCID: PMC5312400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous mutations of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene have been reported to cause dysfunction of VHL protein (pVHL) and lead to processes related to tumor progression. pVHL acts as an E3 ligase and degrades downstream targets, such as hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) which is essential for tumor growth. Previous studies reported reduction of VHL protein, rather than mRNA in VHL-related tumor patients, suggesting that instability of the pVHL protein itself is a primary cause of dysfunction. Regulation of pVHL stability has therefore been a major focus of research. We report that ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X), which is a deubiquitinase binds and promotes degradation of both wild-type and mutants of pVHL that retain E3 ligase function, thus activating the HIF pathway. USP9X degrades pVHL through protection of its substrate, the newly identified pVHL E3 ligase Smurf1. In addition, USP9X activates glycolysis and promotes cell proliferation through pVHL. Treatment with a USP9X inhibitor shows an effect similar to USP9X knockdown in pVHL induction, and suppresses HIF activity. Our findings demonstrate that USP9X is a novel regulator of pVHL stability, and USP9X may be a therapeutic target for treatment of VHL-related tumors.
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Pal A, Dziubinski M, Di Magliano MP, Simeone DM, Owens S, Thomas D, Peterson L, Potu H, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Usp9x Promotes Survival in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Its Inhibition Suppresses Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma In Vivo Tumor Growth. Neoplasia 2017; 20:152-164. [PMID: 29248719 PMCID: PMC5735260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Usp9x has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in some hematologic malignancies and a broad range of solid tumors including brain, breast, and prostate. To examine Usp9x tumorigenicity and consequence of Usp9x inhibition in human pancreatic tumor models, we carried out gain- and loss-of-function studies using established human pancreatic tumor cell lines (PANC1 and MIAPACA2) and four spontaneously immortalized human pancreatic patient-derived tumor (PDX) cell lines. The effect of Usp9x activity inhibition by small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor G9 was assessed in 2D and 3D culture, and its efficacy was tested in human tumor xenografts. Overexpression of Usp9x increased 3D growth and invasion in PANC1 cells and up-regulated the expression of known Usp9x substrates Mcl-1 and ITCH. Usp9x inhibition by shRNA-knockdown or by G9 treatment reduced 3D colony formation in PANC1 and PDX cell lines, induced rapid apoptosis in MIAPACA2 cells, and associated with reduced Mcl-1 and ITCH protein levels. Although G9 treatment reduced human MIAPACA2 tumor burden in vivo, in mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines established from constitutive (8041) and doxycycline-inducible (4668) KrasG12D/Tp53R172H mouse pancreatic tumors, Usp9x inhibition increased and sustained the 3D colony growth and showed no significant effect on tumor growth in 8041-xenografts. Thus, Usp9x inhibition may be therapeutically active in human PDAC, but this activity was not predicted from studies of genetically engineered mouse pancreatic tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Scott Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Luke Peterson
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Harish Potu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Nicholas J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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40
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Karpel-Massler G, Banu MA, Shu C, Halatsch ME, Westhoff MA, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. Inhibition of deubiquitinases primes glioblastoma cells to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12791-805. [PMID: 26872380 PMCID: PMC4914322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains a challenge in oncology to identify novel drug regimens to efficiently tackle glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Here, we target deubiquitinases for glioblastoma therapy by utilizing the small-molecule inhibitor WP1130 which has been characterized as a deubiquitinase inhibitor that interferes with the function of Usp9X. Expression analysis data confirm that Usp9X expression is increased in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissue indicating its potential as a therapeutic. Consistently, increasing concentrations of WP1130 decrease the cellular viability of established, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and stem cell-like glioblastoma cells. Specific down-regulation of Usp9X reduces viability in glioblastoma cells mimicking the effects of WP1130. Mechanistically, WP1130 elicits apoptosis and increases activation of caspases. Moreover, WP1130 and siRNAs targeting Usp9X reduce the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, XIAP and Survivin. Pharmacological and genetic interference with Usp9X efficiently sensitized glioblastoma cells to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimuli. In addition, single treatment with WP1130 elicited anti-glioma activity in an orthotopic proneural murine model of glioblastoma. Finally, the combination treatment of WP1130 and ABT263 inhibited tumor growth more efficiently than each reagent by its own in vivo without detectable side effects or organ toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that targeting deubiquitinases for glioma therapy is feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matei A Banu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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41
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Wang S, Shen M, Wen X, Han XR, Wang YJ, Fan SH, Zhuang J, Zhang ZF, Shan Q, Li MQ, Hu B, Sun CH, Ge X, Lei QM, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. Correlation of the expressions of IGF1R-RACK1-STAT3 and Bcl-xl in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1931-1941. [PMID: 28816378 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of expression of IGF1R-RACK1-STAT3 and Bcl-xl in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with the clinicopathological features and the prognosis of NPC. Our study selected 215 NPC tissues and 178 chronic nasopharyngitis tissues (control group). Positive expression rates of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, and Bcl-xl were tested by immunohistochemical method, and expression of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and Bax by western blotting. Correlation of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, and Bcl-xl with the clinicopathological features of NPC was analyzed. The correlation among those four expression was analyzed by Spearman. The survival of NPC and independent factors of prognosis were tested by Kaplan-Meier and COX proportional hazards model respectively. The NPC group had higher positive expression rates of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, and Bcl-xl, and elevated expression of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and Bax. The lymph node metastasis (LNM) group had higher positive expression rates of IGF1R and RACK1 when compared with the non-LNM group. Patients with stage III and IV had higher positive expression rates of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, and Bcl-xl. There was positive correlation between expression of IGF1R and RACK1, STAT3. Such correlation was found between RACK1 and STAT3. Patients with negative expression of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3, and Bcl-xl had higher survival rates. The risky factors of poor prognosis of NPC were positive expression of IGF1R, RACK1, STAT3 and Bcl-xl, and LNM. IGF1R-RACK1-STAT3 and Bcl-xl expression correlated with the clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China.,School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Mei Lei
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
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Liu J, Tian Z, Zhou N, Liu X, Liao C, Lei B, Li J, Zhang S, Chen H. Targeting the apoptotic Mcl-1-PUMA interface with a dual-acting compound. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54236-54242. [PMID: 28903337 PMCID: PMC5589576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive efforts in the search for small molecules with anti-cancer activity, it remains challenging to achieve both high effectiveness and safety, since many agents lack the selectivity to only act on cancer cells. The interface of two apoptotic proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), has been recently affirmed as a target for treating cancers, as the disruption of Mcl-1-PUMA binding can reduce cancer cell survival and protect normal cells from apoptosis. However, therapeutic agents that target this interface are yet to be found. In this work, we combined pharmacophore modelling and biological tests to seek small molecules which target the Mcl-1-PUMA interface. For the first time, a small-molecule compound was identified. Its dual activity has been validated to reduce PUMA-dependent apoptosis while deactivating Mcl-1-mediated anti-apoptosis in cancer cells. Our results would provide a new avenue for the development of effective and safe anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Beilei Lei
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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43
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Narayanan N, Wang Z, Li L, Yang Y. Arginine methylation of USP9X promotes its interaction with TDRD3 and its anti-apoptotic activities in breast cancer cells. Cell Discov 2017; 3:16048. [PMID: 28101374 PMCID: PMC5206711 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tudor domain-containing proteins are characterized by their specific interactions with methylated protein motifs, including methyl-arginines and methyl-lysines. The Tudor domain-containing protein 3 (TDRD3) is one of the major methyl-arginine effector molecules that recognizes methylated arginine residues on histones and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, and activates transcription. However, majority of the cellular TDRD3 localizes to the cytoplasm and its functions there are still elusive. Here, we have identified ubiquitin-specific protease 9 X-linked (USP9X) as a TDRD3-interacting protein by GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation. Detailed characterization suggests that the interaction between TDRD3 and USP9X is mediated through the Tudor domain of TDRD3 and the arginine methylation of USP9X. This interaction plays a critical role in TDRD3 protein stability, as knockdown of USP9X expression leads to increased TDRD3 ubiquitination. We also found that USP9X co-localizes with TDRD3 in cytoplasmic stress granules and this localization is diminished in Tdrd3-null mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, suggesting that TDRD3 is essential for USP9X stress granule localization. Furthermore, we found that one of the USP9X de-ubiquitination targets, myeloid cell leukemia protein 1, is regulated by TDRD3, indicating that TDRD3 potentially regulates USP9X de-ubiquitinase activity. Finally, we show that knockdown of TDRD3 expression sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis, likely due to its regulation of USP9X. This study provides a novel candidate strategy for targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Narayanan
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center , Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center , Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and HCT, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center , Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yanzhong Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center , Duarte, CA, USA
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44
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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45
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MicroRNA-451 sensitizes lung cancer cells to cisplatin through regulation of Mcl-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:85-91. [PMID: 27686452 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer, chemoresistance of cisplatin (DPP) is one of the major hindrances in treatment of this malignancy. The microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to mediate chemotherapy drug resistance. MiR-451 as a tumor suppressor has been evaluated its potential effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to DDP. However, the role of miR-451 in regulatory mechanism of chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells is still largely unknown. In this study, we first constructed a cisplatin-resistant A549 cell line (A549/DPP) accompanied with a decreased expression of miR-451 and an increased expression of Mcl-1in the drug resistant cells compared with the parental cells. Exogenous expression of miR-451 level in A549/DPP was found to sensitize their reaction to the treatment of cisplatin, which coincides with reduced expression of Mcl-1. Interestingly, Mcl-1 knockdown in A549/DPP cells increased the chemosensitivity to DPP, suggesting the dependence of Mcl-1 regulation in miR-451 activity. Moreover, miR-451 can restore cisplatin treatment response in cisplatin-resistant xenografts in vivo, while Mcl-1 protein levels were decreased. Thus, these findings provided that in lung cancer cells, tumor suppressor miR-451 enhanced DPP sensitivity via regulation of Mcl-1 expression, which could be served as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chemotherapy resistant in lung cancer.
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46
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Mao J, Wang D, Wang Z, Tian W, Li X, Duan J, Wang Y, Yang H, You L, Cheng Y, Bian J, Chen Z, Yang Y. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate, a microtubule inhibitor, acts on both hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:134-43. [PMID: 27349166 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (CA1P) is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor that binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. We demonstrated that CA1P has outstanding anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. As determined by fluorescence staining and western blots (WBs), CA1P induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells with a down-regulation of Mcl-1. Additional studies indicated that CA1P induced microtubule depolymerization-mediated AKT inactivation, which resulted in GSK-3β activation, Wnt/β-Catenin pathway inhibition, and Mcl-1 down-regulation. The induction of HepG2 cell apoptosis by CA1P was prevented by a GSK-3β-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry studies on hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models showed that CA1P had activity against tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). CA1P induced TAM apoptosis in vitro through the same mechanism observed with HepG2 cells, and it eliminated TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo. In TME, the expression of TGF-β and TNF-α was also altered. The adoptive transfer of macrophages partly rescued the growth of tumor inhibited by CA1P. These findings indicate that CA1P has great potential to impact both cancer cells and the microenvironment, and our results should accelerate the application of CA1P for HCC therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Duowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xianjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Linjun You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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47
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Drießen S, Berleth N, Friesen O, Löffler AS, Böhler P, Hieke N, Stuhldreier F, Peter C, Schink KO, Schultz SW, Stenmark H, Holland P, Simonsen A, Wesselborg S, Stork B. Deubiquitinase inhibition by WP1130 leads to ULK1 aggregation and blockade of autophagy. Autophagy 2016. [PMID: 26207339 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1067359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy represents an intracellular degradation process which is involved in both regular cell homeostasis and disease settings. In recent years, the molecular machinery governing this process has been elucidated. The ULK1 kinase complex consisting of the serine/threonine protein kinase ULK1 and the adapter proteins ATG13, RB1CC1, and ATG101, is centrally involved in the regulation of autophagy initiation. This complex is in turn regulated by the activity of different nutrient- or energy-sensing kinases, including MTOR, AMPK, and AKT. However, next to phosphorylation processes it has been suggested that ubiquitination of ULK1 positively influences ULK1 function. Here we report that the inhibition of deubiquitinases by the compound WP1130 leads to increased ULK1 ubiquitination, the transfer of ULK1 to aggresomes, and the inhibition of ULK1 activity. Additionally, WP1130 can block the autophagic flux. Thus, treatment with WP1130 might represent an efficient tool to inhibit the autophagy-initiating ULK1 complex and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Drießen
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Niklas Berleth
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Olena Friesen
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Antje S Löffler
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Philip Böhler
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Nora Hieke
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fabian Stuhldreier
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Kay O Schink
- b Department of Biochemistry ; Institute for Cancer Research; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian W Schultz
- b Department of Biochemistry ; Institute for Cancer Research; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- b Department of Biochemistry ; Institute for Cancer Research; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Petter Holland
- c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian Wesselborg
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
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48
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Chen X, Deane NG, Lewis KB, Li J, Zhu J, Washington MK, Beauchamp RD. Comparison of Nanostring nCounter® Data on FFPE Colon Cancer Samples and Affymetrix Microarray Data on Matched Frozen Tissues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153784. [PMID: 27176004 PMCID: PMC4866771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) stage II and III patients remains a challenge due to the difficulties of finding robust biomarkers suitable for testing clinical samples. The majority of published gene signatures of CRC have been generated on fresh frozen colorectal tissues. Because collection of frozen tissue is not practical for routine surgical pathology practice, a clinical test that improves prognostic capabilities beyond standard pathological staging of colon cancer will need to be designed for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. The NanoString nCounter® platform is a gene expression analysis tool developed for use with FFPE-derived samples. We designed a custom nCounter® codeset based on elements from multiple published fresh frozen tissue microarray-based prognostic gene signatures for colon cancer, and we used this platform to systematically compare gene expression data from FFPE with matched microarray array data from frozen tissues. Our results show moderate correlation of gene expression between two platforms and discovery of a small subset of genes as candidate biomarkers for colon cancer prognosis that are detectable and quantifiable in FFPE tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XC); (RDB)
| | - Natasha G. Deane
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Keeli B. Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiang Li
- Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Beauchamp
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XC); (RDB)
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49
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Lim KH, Song MH, Baek KH. Decision for cell fate: deubiquitinating enzymes in cell cycle checkpoint. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1439-55. [PMID: 26762302 PMCID: PMC11108577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
All organs consisting of single cells are consistently maintaining homeostasis in response to stimuli such as free oxygen, DNA damage, inflammation, and microorganisms. The cell cycle of all mammalian cells is regulated by protein expression in the right phase to respond to proliferation and apoptosis signals. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins by several protein-editing enzymes are associated with cell cycle regulation by their enzymatic functions. Ubiquitination, one of the PTMs, is also strongly related to cell cycle regulation by protein degradation or signal transduction. The importance of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which have a reversible function for ubiquitination, has recently suggested that the function of DUBs is also important for determining the fate of proteins during cell cycle processing. This article reviews and summarizes the diverse roles of DUBs, including DNA damage, cell cycle processing, and regulation of histone proteins, and also suggests the possibility for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Wolfsperger F, Hogh-Binder SA, Schittenhelm J, Psaras T, Ritter V, Bornes L, Huber SM, Jendrossek V, Rudner J. Deubiquitylating enzyme USP9x regulates radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cells by Mcl-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2039. [PMID: 26775694 PMCID: PMC4816183 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive form of brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Usually, glioblastoma is treated with ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy after surgical removal. However, radiotherapy is frequently unsuccessful, among others owing to resistance mechanisms the tumor cells have developed. Antiapoptotic B-cell leukemia (Bcl)-2 family members can contribute to radioresistance by interfering with apoptosis induction in response to IR. Bcl-2 and the closely related Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are often overexpressed in glioblastoma cells. In contrast to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 is a short-lived protein whose stability is closely regulated by ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation. Although ubiquitin ligases facilitate degradation, the deubiquitylating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 9x (USP9x) interferes with degradation by removing polyubiquitin chains from Mcl-1, thereby stabilizing this protein. Thus, an inability to downregulate Mcl-1 by enhanced USP9x activity might contribute to radioresistance. Here we analyzed the impact of USP9x on Mcl-1 levels and radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cells. Correlating Mcl-1 and USP9x expressions were significantly higher in human glioblastoma than in astrocytoma. Downregulation of Mcl-1 correlated with apoptosis induction in established glioblastoma cell lines. Although Mcl-1 knockdown by siRNA increased apoptosis induction after irradiation in all glioblastoma cell lines, USP9x knockdown significantly improved radiation-induced apoptosis in one of four cell lines and slightly increased apoptosis in another cell line. In the latter two cell lines, USP9x knockdown also increased radiation-induced clonogenic death. The massive downregulation of Mcl-1 and apoptosis induction in A172 cells transfected with USP9x siRNA shows that the deubiquitinase regulates cell survival by regulating Mcl-1 levels. In contrast, USP9x regulated radiosensitivity in Ln229 cells without affecting Mcl-1 levels. We conclude that USP9x can control survival and radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cells by Mcl-1-dependent and Mcl-1-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wolfsperger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S A Hogh-Binder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Psaras
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - V Ritter
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Bornes
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - V Jendrossek
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Rudner
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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