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Rottmann D, Abdulfatah E, Pantanowitz L. Molecular testing of soft tissue tumors. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:12-25. [PMID: 35808975 PMCID: PMC10084007 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is challenging, especially when the evaluable material procured is limited. As a result, diagnostic ancillary testing is frequently needed. Moreover, there is a trend in soft tissue pathology toward increasing use of molecular results for tumor classification and prognostication. Hence, diagnosing newer tumor entities such as CIC-rearranged sarcoma explicitly requires molecular testing. Molecular testing can be accomplished by in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, as well as next generation sequencing, and more recently such testing can even be accomplished leveraging an immunohistochemical proxy. CONCLUSION This review evaluates the role of different molecular tests in characterizing soft tissue tumors belonging to various cytomorphologic categories that have been sampled by small biopsy and cytologic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Rottmann
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eman Abdulfatah
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ariizumi T, Kawashima H, Yamagishi T, Oike N, Murayama Y, Umezu H, Endo N, Ogose A. Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in bone and soft tissue tumor: A comparative study of the image-guided and blindly performed procedure. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 59:151936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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MDM2 RNA In Situ Hybridization for the Diagnosis of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor: A Study Evaluating DNA, RNA, and Protein Expression. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 43:446-454. [PMID: 30520819 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The distinction of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDL) from its benign counterpart, lipoma, may represent a challenge. MDM2 DNA amplification is used as the gold standard as MDM2 immunohistochemistry lacks specificity and sensitivity. Herein, we investigate the diagnostic utility of MDM2 RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) and compare the test with MDM2 immunohistochemistry and MDM2 DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in benign and malignant lipomatous neoplasms. We evaluated 109 neoplasms including 27 lipomas, 25 spindle cell lipomas, 32 ALTs/WDLs, and 25 dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDL). The validation cohort included 14 lipoma-like neoplasms that lacked unequivocal features of ALT/WDL and in which MDM2 immunohistochemistry was either equivocal, negative or falsely positive. Immunohistochemistry, automated RNA-ISH and DNA-FISH for MDM2 were performed. Tumors with diffuse nuclear staining or >50 dots per cell on RNA-ISH were considered positive. All lipomas and lipoma variants were negative for RNA-ISH while all ALTs/WDLs and DDLs were positive. Eighty percent (24/30) and 92% (22/24) of ALTs/WDLs and DDLs were positive for MDM2 immunohistochemistry. Lipomas and its variants were negative for MDM2 amplification; 92% and 100% of ALTs/WDLs and DDLs showed MDM2 DNA amplification. The mean percentage of ALT/WDL tumor cells showing MDM2 RNA-ISH positivity was 73% compared with 24% on MDM2 immunohistochemistry. RNA-ISH correctly classified all 10 ALTs/WDLs and all 4 lipomas in the validation cohort. The performance of MDM2 RNA-ISH and MDM2 DNA-FISH are equivalent. MDM2 RNA-ISH can be of diagnostic value in histologically challenging lipomatous neoplasms. The automated MDM2 RNA-ISH assay should allow for more widespread use of MDM2 testing and for a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of ALT/WDL.
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Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML) arises primarily from the kidney but may grow into the retroperitoneal space mimicking a primary retroperitoneal tumor. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy of AML, particularly the fat-predominant variant, may be difficult to distinguish from retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) or lipoma. Commonly used immunomarkers, MDM2 and p16, have proven useful in diagnosing WDLS and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS), while HMB45 and Melan-A are melanocyte-related markers characteristically expressed in AML. In this study, we investigated the utility of MDM2 and p16 along with HMB45 and Melan-A immunohistochemical analysis in distinguishing AML from WDL/DDLS or lipoma. Immunohistochemically, AMLs demonstrated focal MDM2 expression (40% of cases) and focal/diffuse expression of p16 (60%). AMLs marked focally or diffusely with HMB45 (76% of cases) and Melan-A (96%). These latter two immunomarkers were not expressed in any of the WDLS/DDLSs or lipomas tested. WDLS/DDLSs showed focal/diffuse expression of MDM2 (91% of cases) and p16 (97%). While focal expression of MDM2 and p16 was observed in 14% and 67% of lipomas, respectively, no lipoma exhibited diffuse MDM2 positivity. In our hands, MDM2 expression by itself cannot exclude the diagnosis of AML or lipoma, and p16 alone is not helpful in separating AML and conventional lipoma from WDLS/DDLS. However, along with morphology, an immunohistochemical battery including HMB45, Melan-A, MDM2 and p16 are useful in distinguishing AML from WDLS/DDLS or lipoma. For equivocal cases, fluorescence in situ hybridization for MDM2 should be performed.
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Zhang L, Shao J, Zhou Y, Chen H, Qi H, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Chen L, Du Y, Zhong M, Shi X, Li Q. Inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration in VSMCs by proanthocyanidin A2: Involvement of KDR and Jak-2/STAT-3/cPLA 2 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:847-855. [PMID: 29571255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin A2 (PA2), one of A-type proanthocyanidins, has been shown to harbor a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HIV, anti-CDV and anti-?-glucosidase activities. However, little is known about the role for PA2 in regulating PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. In the present study, we investigated the possible effects of PA2 on PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, migration and inflammation in VSMCs in vitro to mimic a postangioplasty PDGF shedding condition. Herein, the data clearly show that PA2 markedly inhibited proliferation, migration and inflammatory responses at 0-30??g/ml concentration in VSMCs in vitro. 10-30??g/ml PA2 inhibited PDGF-mediated NAD(P)H oxidase activation and intracellular ROS formation in VSMCs. Furthermore, the effects exerted by PA2 involve the participation of KDR and Jak-2/STAT-3/cPLA2 signaling pathways. These data also highlight the possible therapeutic use of PA2 in vascular proliferative diseases, where abnormal proliferation and migration play important pathological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yufu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Cardio-thoracic surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Brunswick Laboratories (China), Suzhou Industrial Park 215021, China
| | - Li Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Xuhui district Central Hospital, 966 Huai Hai M Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China.
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Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Du Y, Ye T, Shi X. Naringenin exerts anti-angiogenic effects in human endothelial cells: Involvement of ERRα/VEGF/KDR signaling pathway. Fitoterapia 2016; 111:78-86. [PMID: 27105956 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin (Nar), most abundant in oranges and tomatoes, are known for the hypocholesterolemic, anti-estrogenic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, the present study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenesis of Nar. Inhibition of angiogenesis was determined in vitro by using proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and tube-formation assays in Nar-treated human endothelial cell. Finally, CAM assays were used to assess inhibitory effect of Nar on physiological angiogenesis in vivo. The data suggest that Nar should be a direct ERRα inhibitor capable of inhibiting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, including endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration and capillary-like structures formation of HUVECs, as well as reduced neovascularization of the CAM. Furthermore, the effects exerted by Nar are cell cycle related and mediated by VEGF/KDR signaling pathway along with downregulation of certain proangiogenic inflammatory cytokines. Our data thus provide potential molecular mechanisms through which Nar manifests it as a promising anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyi Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ting Ye
- General Surgery Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wu Lu Mu Qi M Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
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Liu Z, Cheng C, Luo X, Xia Q, Zhang Y, Long X, Jiang Q, Fang W. CDK4 and miR-15a comprise an abnormal automodulatory feedback loop stimulating the pathogenesis and inducing chemotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:238. [PMID: 26993269 PMCID: PMC4797221 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous investigation, we reported that stably knocking down cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4) induced expression of let-7c, which further suppressed cell cycle transition and cell growth by modulating cell cycle signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we further explored the molecular function and mechanism of CDK4 modulating miRNAs to stimulate cell cycle transition, cell growth, and Cisplatin (DDP) -resistance on in NPC. Methods We identified changes in miRNAs by miRNA array and real-time PCR and the effect on DDP after knocking down CDK4 in NPC cells. Further, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which CDK4 modulated miR-15a in NPC. Moreover, we also explored the role of miR-15a and the effect on DDP in NPC. Finally, we analyzed the correlation of miR-15a and CDK4 expression in NPC tissues. Results In addition to let-7 family members, we observed that upregulated expression of miR-15a was significantly induced in CDK4-suppressed NPC cells. Further, we found that knocking down CDK4 suppressed c-Myc expression, and the latter directly suppressed the expression of miR-15a in NPC. Furthermore, miR-15a as a tumor suppressor antagonized CDK4 repressing cell cycle progression and cell growth in vitro and in vivo and induced the sensitivity of cells to DDP by regulating the c-Myc/CCND1/CDK4/E2F1 pathway in NPC. Finally, miR-15a was negatively weak correlated with the expression of CDK4 in NPC. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that CDK4 and miR-15a comprise an abnormal automodulatory feedback loop stimulating the pathogenesis and inducing chemotherapy resistance in NPC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2277-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China
| | - Qiong Xia
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yejie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xiaobing Long
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Otorhinolaryngology of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, P.R. China.
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, P.R. China.
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China.
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Puzio-Kuter AM, Laddha SV, Castillo-Martin M, Sun Y, Cordon-Cardo C, Chan CS, Levine AJ. Involvement of tumor suppressors PTEN and p53 in the formation of multiple subtypes of liposarcoma. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1785-91. [PMID: 25822339 PMCID: PMC4648325 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that mostly occurs in adults, and in humans is characterized by amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4. The molecular pathogenesis of this malignancy is still poorly understood and, therefore, we developed a mouse model with conditional inactivation of PTEN and p53 to investigate these pathways in the progression of the disease. We show that deletion of these two tumor suppressors cooperate in the formation of multiple subtypes of LPS (from well-differentiated LPS to pleomorphic LPS). In addition, progression of the tumors is further characterized by the expression of D cyclins and CDK4/6, which allow for continued cell division. Microarray analysis also revealed novel genes that are differentially expressed between different subtypes of LPS, which could aid in understanding the disease and to unravel potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Puzio-Kuter
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - S V Laddha
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - M Castillo-Martin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - C Cordon-Cardo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - C S Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey, USA
| | - A J Levine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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