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Samanta A, Saha P, Johnson O, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Dysregulation of delta Np63 alpha in squamous cell carcinoma and its therapeutic targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189034. [PMID: 38040268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The gene p63 has two isoforms -a full length transactivated isoform (TA) p63 and an amino-terminally truncated isoform, ∆Np63. DeltaNp63 alpha (∆Np63α) is the predominant splice variant of the isoform, ∆Np63 and is expressed in the basal layer of stratified epithelia. ∆Np63α that is normally essential for the epithelial lineage maintenance may be dysregulated in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The pro-tumorigenic or antitumorigenic role of ∆Np63 is a highly contentious arena. ∆Np63α may act as a double-edged sword. It may either promote tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, chemoresistance, and immune-inflammatory responses, or inhibit the aforementioned phenomena depending upon cell type and tumor microenvironment. Several signaling pathways, transforming growth factor-β, Wnt and Notch, as well as epigenetic alterations involving microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs are regulated by ∆Np63α. This review has attempted to provide an in-depth insight into the role of ∆Np63α in the development of SCCs during different stages of tumor formation and how it may be targeted for therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurima Samanta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Olivia Johnson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India.
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He Y, Zhou H, Wang W, Xu H, Cheng H. Construction of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals Potential Mechanism and Treatment Options for Osteosarcoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:632359. [PMID: 34079579 PMCID: PMC8166411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a common malignant primary bone tumor in adolescents and children. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs were involved in the proliferation and invasion of various tumors. However, the role of circRNAs in osteosarcoma remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the regulatory network among circRNA-miRNA-mRNA in osteosarcoma. Methods The circRNA (GSE140256), microRNA (GSE28423), and mRNA (GSE99671) expression profiles of osteosarcoma were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were identified. CircRNA-miRNA interactions and miRNA-mRNA interactions were determined by Circular RNA Interactome (CircInteractome) database and microRNA Data Integration Portal (mirDIP) database, respectively. Then, we constructed a regulatory network. Function enrichment analysis of miRNA and mRNA was performed by DIANA-miRPath v3.0 and Metascape database, respectively. mRNAs with significant prognostic value were identified based on expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and we constructed a subnetwork for them. To make the most of the network, we used the CLUE database to predict potential drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma based on mRNA expression in the network. And we used the STITCH database to analyze and validate the interactions among these drugs and mRNAs, and to further screen for potential drugs. Results A total of 9 circRNAs, 19 miRNAs, 67 mRNAs, 54 pairs of circRNA-miRNA interactions and 110 pairs of miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Function enrichment analysis indicated that these miRNAs and mRNAs in the network were involved in the process of tumorigenesis and immune response. Among these mRNAs, STC2 and RASGRP2 with significantly prognostic value were identified, and we constructed a subnetwork for them. Based on mRNA expression in the network, three potential drugs, quinacridine, thalidomide and zonisamide, were screened for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Among them, quinacridine and thalidomide have been proved to have anti-tumor effects in previous studies, while zonisamide has not been reported. And a corresponding drug-protein interaction network was constructed. Conclusion Overall, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to investigate the possible mechanism in osteosarcoma, and predicted that quinacridine, thalidomide and zonisamide could be potential drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Iriana S, Asha K, Repak M, Sharma-Walia N. Hedgehog Signaling: Implications in Cancers and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1042. [PMID: 33494284 PMCID: PMC7864517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is primarily involved in embryonic gut development, smooth muscle differentiation, cell proliferation, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue repair following injury, and tissue polarity during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. GLIoma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc-finger transcription factors and smoothened (SMO) are the signal transducers of the SHH pathway. Both SHH ligand-dependent and independent mechanisms activate GLI proteins. Various transcriptional mechanisms, posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, proteolytic processing, SUMOylation, and acetylation), and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling control the activity of SHH signaling pathway proteins. The dysregulated SHH pathway is associated with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, GLIomas, medulloblastomas, leukemias, and tumors of breast, lung, skin, prostate, brain, gastric, and pancreas. While extensively studied in development and sarcomas, GLI family proteins play an essential role in many host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial and viral infections and their associated cancers. Viruses hijack host GLI family transcription factors and their downstream signaling cascades to enhance the viral gene transcription required for replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss a distinct role(s) of GLI proteins in the process of tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions in the context of viral infection-associated malignancies and cancers due to other causes. Here, we emphasize the potential of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway targeting as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic approach, which in the future could also be tested in infection-associated fatalities.
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Charan M, Dravid P, Cam M, Setty B, Roberts RD, Houghton PJ, Cam H. Tumor secreted ANGPTL2 facilitates recruitment of neutrophils to the lung to promote lung pre-metastatic niche formation and targeting ANGPTL2 signaling affects metastatic disease. Oncotarget 2020; 11:510-522. [PMID: 32082485 PMCID: PMC7007290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-metastatic niche (PMN) represents an abnormal microenvironment devoid of cancer cells, but favoring tumor growth. Little is known about the mechanisms that generate the PMN or their effects on host cells within metastasis-prone organs. Here, we investigated by using spontaneous metastatic models whether lung epithelial cells are essential for primary tumor induced neutrophil recruitment in lung and subsequently initiating PMN formation in osteosarcoma. We found that serum levels of ANGPTL2 in osteosarcoma patients are significantly higher compared to those in healthy controls and that ANGPTL2 secretion by tumor cells plays an essential role in osteosarcoma metastasis. We determined that tumor-derived ANGPTL2 stimulates lung epithelial cells, which is essential for primary tumor-induced neutrophil recruitment in lung and subsequent pre-metastatic niche formation. Lastly, we identified that a p63 isoform, ΔNp63, drives high level of ANGPTL2 secretion and pharmaceutical inhibition of ANGPTL2 signaling by a non–RGD-based integrin binding peptide (ATN-161) diminished metastatic load in lungs likely due to reduction of the lung pre-metastatic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Charan
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Piyush Dravid
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maren Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhuvana Setty
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan D Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hakan Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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The interplay between Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) with the p53 and its homologs during EBV associated malignancies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02624. [PMID: 31840114 PMCID: PMC6893087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, p63, and p73, the members of the p53 family of proteins, are structurally similar proteins that play central roles regulating cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. Alternative splicing at the carboxyl terminus and the utilization of different promoters further categorizes these proteins as having different isoforms for each. Among such isoforms, TA and ΔN versions of each protein serve as the pro and the anti-apoptotic proteins, respectively. Changes in the expression patterns of these isoforms are noted in many human cancers. Proteins of certain human herpesviruses, like Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), interact with p53 family members and alter their expressions in many malignancies. Upon infections in the B cells and epithelial cells, EBV expresses different lytic or latent proteins during viral replication and latency respectively to preserve viral copy number, chromosomal integrity and viral persistence inside the host. In this review, we have surveyed and summarised the interactions of EBV gene products, known so far, with the p53 family proteins. The interactions between P53 and EBV oncoproteins are observed in stomach cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the head and neck, Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC), Gastric carcinoma (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). EBV latent protein EBNA1, EBNA3C, LMP-1, and lytic proteins BZLF-1 can alter p53 expressions in many cancer cell lines. Interactions of p63 with EBNA-1, 2, 5, LMP-2A and BARF-1 have also been investigated in several cancers. Similarly, associations of p73 isoform with EBV latent proteins EBNA3C and LMP-1 have been reported. Methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms in p53 have also been found to be correlated with EBV infection. Therefore, interactions and altered expression strategies of the isoforms of p53 family proteins in EBV associated cancers propose an important field for further molecular research.
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Hedgehog signalling in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and its potential value in the clinical therapy of osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29899399 PMCID: PMC5999604 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, growth and tissue polarity. This pathway is also involved in the progression and invasion of various human cancers. Osteosarcoma, a subtype of bone cancer, is commonly seen in children and adolescents. Typically, pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases are especially difficult to control. In the present paper, we summarise recent studies on the regulation of osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by downregulating Hh signalling. We also summarise the crosstalk between the Hh pathway and other cancer-related pathways in the tumourigenesis of various cancers. We further summarise and highlight the therapeutic value of potential inhibitors of Hh signalling in the clinical therapy of human cancers.
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Ozaki T, Yu M, Yin D, Sun D, Zhu Y, Bu Y, Sang M. Impact of RUNX2 on drug-resistant human pancreatic cancer cells with p53 mutations. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:309. [PMID: 29558908 PMCID: PMC5861661 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the remarkable advances in the early diagnosis and treatment, overall 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer is less than 10%. Gemcitabine (GEM), a cytidine nucleoside analogue and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, is a primary option for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer; however, its clinical efficacy is extremely limited. This unfavorable clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer patients is at least in part attributable to their poor response to anti-cancer drugs such as GEM. Thus, it is urgent to understand the precise molecular basis behind the drug-resistant property of pancreatic cancer and also to develop a novel strategy to overcome this deadly disease. Review Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that p53 mutations contribute to the acquisition and/or maintenance of drug-resistant property of pancreatic cancer. Indeed, certain p53 mutants render pancreatic cancer cells much more resistant to GEM, implying that p53 mutation is one of the critical determinants of GEM sensitivity. Intriguingly, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is expressed at higher level in numerous human cancers such as pancreatic cancer and osteosarcoma, indicating that, in addition to its pro-osteogenic role, RUNX2 has a pro-oncogenic potential. Moreover, a growing body of evidence implies that a variety of miRNAs suppress malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells including drug resistance through the down-regulation of RUNX2. Recently, we have found for the first time that forced depletion of RUNX2 significantly increases GEM sensitivity of p53-null as well as p53-mutated pancreatic cancer cells through the stimulation of p53 family TAp63/TAp73-dependent cell death pathway. Conclusions Together, it is likely that RUNX2 is one of the promising molecular targets for the treatment of the patients with pancreatic cancer regardless of their p53 status. In this review article, we will discuss how to overcome the serious drug-resistant phenotype of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animal of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danjing Yin
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiang Sang
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
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Rauch F, Geng Y, Lamplugh L, Hekmatnejad B, Gaumond MH, Penney J, Yamanaka Y, Moffatt P. Crispr-Cas9 engineered osteogenesis imperfecta type V leads to severe skeletal deformities and perinatal lethality in mice. Bone 2018; 107:131-142. [PMID: 29174564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the IFITM5 gene, also known as BRIL. The c.-14C>T mutation in the 5'UTR of BRIL creates a novel translational start site adding 5 residues (MALEP) in frame with the natural coding of BRIL. A neomorphic function has been proposed for the MALEP-BRIL but the mechanisms at play are still unknown. In order to further understand the effects of MALEP-BRIL in vivo, we generated a knockin (KI) mouse model having the exact genetic -14C>T replica of patients with OI type V. Live KI descendants were never obtained from 2 male mosaic founders. Skeletal staining with alizarin red/alcian blue and μCT imaging of KI embryos revealed striking skeletal anomalies such as hypomineralized skull, short and bent long bones, and frail and wavy ribs. Histology and histochemical labeling revealed that midshaft of long bones was filled with hypertrophic chondrocytes, lacked a defined primary ossification center with the absence of defined cortices. Gene expression monitoring at E15.5 and E17.5 showed no change in Osx but decreased Bril itself as well as other differentiated osteoblast markers (Ibsp, Bglap, Sost). However, upregulation of Ptgs2 and Nr4a3 suggested that a pro-inflammatory reaction was activated. Primary osteoblasts from KI calvaria showed delayed differentiation and mineralization, with decreased abundance of BRIL. However, the upregulation AdipoQ and Fabp4 in young cultures indicated a possible switch in fate towards adipogenesis. Altogether our data suggest that the low level expression of MALEP-BRIL in Osx+ mesenchymal progenitors blunted their further differentiation into mature osteoblasts, which may have resulted in part from an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yeqing Geng
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisa Lamplugh
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Janice Penney
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Moffatt
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Injury Repair and Recovery Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Wu M, Ingram L, Tolosa EJ, Vera RE, Li Q, Kim S, Ma Y, Spyropoulos DD, Beharry Z, Huang J, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Cai H. Gli Transcription Factors Mediate the Oncogenic Transformation of Prostate Basal Cells Induced by a Kras-Androgen Receptor Axis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25749-25760. [PMID: 27760825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the differentiation of oncogenically transformed basal progenitor cells is one of the key steps in prostate tumorigenesis, the mechanisms mediating this cellular process are still largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that an expanded p63+ and CK5+ basal/progenitor cell population, induced by the concomitant activation of oncogenic Kras(G12D) and androgen receptor (AR) signaling, underwent cell differentiation in vivo The differentiation process led to suppression of p63-expressing cells with a decreased number of CK5+ basal cells but an increase of CK8+ luminal tumorigenic cells and revealed a hierarchal lineage pattern consisting of p63+/CK5+ progenitor, CK5+/CK8+ transitional progenitor, and CK8+ differentiated luminal cells. Further analysis of the phenotype showed that Kras-AR axis-induced tumorigenesis was mediated by Gli transcription factors. Combined blocking of the activators of this family of proteins (Gli1 and Gli2) inhibited the proliferation of p63+ and CK5+ basal/progenitor cells and development of tumors. Finally, we identified that Gli1 and Gli2 exhibited different functions in the regulation of p63 expression or proliferation of p63+ cells in Kras-AR driven tumors. Gli2, but not Gli1, transcriptionally regulated the expression levels of p63 and prostate sphere formation. Our study provides evidence of a novel mechanism mediating pathological dysregulation of basal/progenitor cells through the differential activation of the Gli transcription factors. Also, these findings define Gli proteins as new downstream mediators of the Kras-AR axis in prostate carcinogenesis and open a potential therapeutic avenue of targeting prostate cancer progression by inhibiting Gli signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lishann Ingram
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Ezequiel J Tolosa
- the Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Renzo E Vera
- the Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Qianjin Li
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Sungjin Kim
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Yongjie Ma
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Demetri D Spyropoulos
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Zanna Beharry
- the Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, and
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- the Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Houjian Cai
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,
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Estrogen Enhances the Cell Viability and Motility of Breast Cancer Cells through the ERα-ΔNp63-Integrin β4 Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148301. [PMID: 26845172 PMCID: PMC4742232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen induces ERα-positive breast cancer aggressiveness via the promotion of cell proliferation and survival, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem-like properties. Integrin β4 signaling has been implicated in estrogen/ERα-induced tumorigenicity and anti-apoptosis; however, this signaling cascade poorly understood. ΔNp63, an N-terminally truncated isoform of the p63 transcription factor, functions as a transcription factor of integrinβ4 and therefore regulates cellular adhesion and survival. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the estrogen-induced interaction between ERα, ΔNp63 and integrin β4 in breast cancer cells. In ERα-positive MCF-7 cells, estrogen activated ERα transcription, which induced ΔNp63 expression. And ΔNp63 subsequently induced integrin β4 expression, which resulted in AKT phosphorylation and enhanced cell viability and motility. Conversely, there was no inductive effect of estrogen on ΔNp63-integrinβ4-AKT signaling or on cell viability and motility in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. ΔNp63 knockdown abolishes these estrogen-induced effects and reduces cell viability and motility in MCF-7 cells. Nevertheless, ΔNp63 knockdown also inhibited cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells through reducing integrin β4 expression and AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, estrogen enhances ERα-positive breast cancer cell viability and motility through activating the ERα-ΔNp63-integrin β4 signaling pathway to induce AKT phosphorylated activation. Those findings should be useful to elucidate the crosstalk between estrogen/ER signaling and ΔNp63 signaling and provide novel insights into the effects of estrogen on breast cancer progression.
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Yang K, Wu WM, Chen YC, Lo SH, Liao YC. ΔNp63α Transcriptionally Regulates the Expression of CTEN That Is Associated with Prostate Cell Adhesion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147542. [PMID: 26784942 PMCID: PMC4718700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
p63 is a member of the p53 transcription factor family and a linchpin of epithelial development and homeostasis. p63 drives the expression of many target genes involved in cell survival, adhesion, migration and cancer. In this study, we identify C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) molecule as a downstream target of ΔNp63α, the predominant p63 isoform expressed in epithelium. CTEN belongs to the tensin family and is mainly localized to focal adhesions, which mediate many biological events such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and gene expression. Our study demonstrate that ΔNp63 and CTEN are both highly expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells and are down-regulated in prostate cancer. In addition, reduced expression of CTEN and ΔNp63 is correlated with prostate cancer progression from primary tumors to metastatic lesions. Silencing of ΔNp63 leads to decreased mRNA and protein levels of CTEN. ΔNp63α induces transcriptional activity of the CTEN promoter and a 140-bp fragment upstream of the transcription initiation site is the minimal promoter region required for activation. A putative binding site for p63 is located between -61 and -36 within the CTEN promoter and mutations of the critical nucleotides in this region abolish ΔNp63α-induced promoter activity. The direct interaction of ΔNp63α with the CTEN promoter was demonstrated using a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Moreover, impaired cell adhesion caused by ΔNp63α depletion is rescued by over-expression of CTEN, suggesting that CTEN is a downstream effector of ΔNp63α-mediated cell adhesion. In summary, our findings demonstrate that ΔNp63α functions as a trans-activation factor of CTEN promoter and regulates cell adhesion through modulating CTEN. Our study further contributes to the potential regulatory mechanisms of CTEN in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kumar RMR, Fuchs B. Hedgehog signaling inhibitors as anti-cancer agents in osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:784-94. [PMID: 25985215 PMCID: PMC4491684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare type of cancer associated with a poor clinical outcome. Even though the pathologic characteristics of OS are well established, much remains to be understood, particularly at the molecular signaling level. The molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma progression and metastases have not yet been fully elucidated and several evolutionary signaling pathways have been found to be linked with osteosarcoma pathogenesis, especially the hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway. The present review will outline the importance and targeting the hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway in osteosarcoma tumor biology. Available data also suggest that aberrant Hh signaling has pro-migratory effects and leads to the development of osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Activation of Hh signaling has been observed in osteosarcoma cell lines and also in primary human osteosarcoma specimens. Emerging data suggests that interference with Hh signal transduction by inhibitors may reduce osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth thereby preventing osteosarcomagenesis. From this perspective, we outline the current state of Hh pathway inhibitors in osteosarcoma. In summary, targeting Hh signaling by inhibitors promise to increase the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Sarcoma Center-UZH University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Fuchs
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Sarcoma Center-UZH University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland.
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13
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Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhou J, Gao K, Dai J, Hu G, Lv L, Du J, Zhang Y. The microRNA feedback regulation of p63 in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8434-53. [PMID: 25726529 PMCID: PMC4496160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a member of the p53 gene family that plays a complex role in cancer due to its involvement in epithelial differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs with an important regulatory role in various cellular processes, as well as in the development and progression of cancer. A number of microRNAs have been shown to function as transcriptional targets of p63. Conversely, microRNAs also can modulate the expression and activity of p63. However, the p63-microRNA regulatory circuit has not been addressed in depth so far. Here, computational genomic analysis was performed using miRtarBase, Targetscan, microRNA.ORG, DIANA-MICROT, RNA22-HSA and miRDB to analyze miRNA binding to the 3'UTR of p63. JASPAR (profile score threshold 80%) and TFSEARCH datasets were used to search transcriptional start sites for p53/p63 response elements. Remarkably, these data revealed 63 microRNAs that targeted p63. Furthermore, there were 39 microRNAs targeting p63 that were predicted to be regulated by p63. These analyses suggest a crosstalk between p63 and microRNAs. Here, we discuss the crosstalk between p63 and the microRNA network, and the role of their interactions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lv Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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14
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p63 Sustains self-renewal of mammary cancer stem cells through regulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3499-504. [PMID: 25739959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500762112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is a master regulator of normal epithelial stem cell (SC) maintenance. However, in vivo evidence of the regulation of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties by p63 is still limited. Here, we exploit the transgenic MMTV-ErbB2 (v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) mouse model of carcinogenesis to dissect the role of p63 in the regulation of mammary CSC self-renewal and breast tumorigenesis. ErbB2 tumor cells enriched for SC-like properties display increased levels of ΔNp63 expression compared with normal mammary progenitors. Down-regulation of p63 in ErbB2 mammospheres markedly restricts self-renewal and expansion of CSCs, and this action is fully independent of p53. Furthermore, transplantation of ErbB2 progenitors expressing shRNAs against p63 into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic mice delays tumor growth in vivo. p63 knockdown in ErbB2 progenitors diminishes the expression of genes encoding components of the Sonic Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, a driver of mammary SC self-renewal. Remarkably, p63 regulates the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), GLI family zinc finger 2 (Gli2), and Patched1 (Ptch1) genes by directly binding to their gene regulatory regions, and eventually contributes to pathway activation. Collectively, these studies highlight the importance of p63 in maintaining the self-renewal potential of mammary CSCs via a positive modulation of the Hh signaling pathway.
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15
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Yoh K, Prywes R. Pathway Regulation of p63, a Director of Epithelial Cell Fate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25972840 PMCID: PMC4412127 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-related gene p63 is required for epithelial cell establishment and its expression is often altered in tumor cells. Great strides have been made in understanding the pathways and mechanisms that regulate p63 levels, such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and EGFR pathways. We discuss here the multiple signaling pathways that control p63 expression as well as transcription factors and post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate p63 levels. While a unified picture has not emerged, it is clear that the fine-tuning of p63 has evolved to carefully control epithelial cell differentiation and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Yoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Prywes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Ron Prywes, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Fairchild 813A, MC2420, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA,
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16
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Nagao-Kitamoto H, Setoguchi T, Kitamoto S, Nakamura S, Tsuru A, Nagata M, Nagano S, Ishidou Y, Yokouchi M, Kitajima S, Yoshioka T, Maeda S, Yonezawa S, Komiya S. Ribosomal protein S3 regulates GLI2-mediated osteosarcoma invasion. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:855-61. [PMID: 25449781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that GLI2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of mesenchymal stem cell and osteosarcoma cells. To examine the molecular mechanisms of GLI2-mediated osteosarcoma metastasis, we performed a microarray analysis. The gene encoding ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) was identified as a target of GLI2. Real-time PCR revealed that RPS3 was upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines compared with normal osteoblast cells. Knockdown of GLI2 decreased RPS3 expression, whereas forced expression of a constitutively active form of GLI2 upregulated the expression of RPS3. RPS3 knockdown by siRNA decreased the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Although forced expression of constitutively active GLI2 increased the migration of human mesenchymal stem cells, knockdown of RPS3 reduced the up-regulated migration. In contrast, forced expression of RPS3 increased migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, reduction of migration by GLI2 knockdown was rescued by forced expression of RPS3. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that RPS3 expression was increased in primary osteosarcoma lesions with lung metastases compared with those without. These findings indicate that GLI2-RPS3 signaling may be a marker of invasive osteosarcoma and a therapeutic target for patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takao Setoguchi
- The Near-Future Locomotor Organ Medicine Creation Course (Kusunoki Kai), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Arisa Tsuru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahito Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishidou
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokouchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitajima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Suguru Yonezawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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