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M Ezzat S, M Merghany R, M Abdel Baki P, Ali Abdelrahim N, M Osman S, A Salem M, Peña-Corona SI, Cortés H, Kiyekbayeva L, Leyva-Gómez G, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Nutritional Sources and Anticancer Potential of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400063. [PMID: 38600885 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, has garnered attention for its anticancer properties. This review synthesizes existing research on PEITC, focusing on its mechanisms of action in combatting cancer. PEITC has been found to be effective against various cancer types, such as breast, prostate, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Its anticancer activities are mediated through several mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death), inhibition of cell proliferation, suppression of angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels that feed tumors), and reduction of metastasis (spread of cancer cells to new areas). PEITC targets crucial cellular signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, notably the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Protein Kinase B (Akt), and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways. These findings suggest PEITC's potential as a therapeutic agent against cancer. However, further research is necessary to determine the optimal dosage, understand its bioavailability, and assess potential side effects. This will be crucial for developing PEITC-based treatments that are both effective and safe for clinical use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Rana M Merghany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passent M Abdel Baki
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nariman Ali Abdelrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Sohaila M Osman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr St., Shibin El Kom, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lashyn Kiyekbayeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical School, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
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Tripathi T, Yadav J, Janjua D, Chaudhary A, Joshi U, Senrung A, Chhokar A, Aggarwal N, Bharti AC. Targeting Cervical Cancer Stem Cells by Phytochemicals. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5222-5254. [PMID: 38288813 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673281823231222065616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite the emergence of advanced treatment strategies, recurrence remains a bottleneck in favorable treatment outcomes and contributes to poor prognosis. The chemo- or radio-therapy resistance coupled with frequent relapse of more aggressive tumors are some key components that contribute to CaCx-related mortality. The onset of therapy resistance and relapse are attributed to a small subset of, slow-proliferating Cancer Stem Cells (CSC). These CSCs possess the properties of tumorigenesis, self-renewal, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Because of slow cycling, these cells maintain themselves in a semi-quiescent stage and protect themselves from different anti-proliferative anti-cancer drugs. Keeping in view recent advances in their phenotypic and functional characterization, the feasibility of targeting CSC and associated stem cell signaling bears a strong translational value. The presence of CSC has been reported in CaCx (CCSC) which remains a forefront area of research. However, we have yet to identify clinically useful leads that can target CCSC. There is compelling evidence that phytochemicals, because of their advantages over synthetic anticancer drugs, could emerge as potential therapeutic leads to target these CCSCs. The present article examined the potential of phytochemicals with reported anti-CSC properties and evaluated their future in preclinical and clinical applications against CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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Zhao H, Han R, Wang Z, Xian J, Bai X. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Targeted Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2763. [PMID: 38140103 PMCID: PMC10748092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, cancer stem cells have become a hot topic in cancer therapy research. These cells possess stem cell-like self-renewal and differentiation capacities and are important factors that dominate cancer metastasis, therapy-resistance and recurrence. Worse, their inherent characteristics make them difficult to eliminate. Colorectal cancer is the third-most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Targeting colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) can inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis, enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce recurrence. Here, we introduced the origin, biomarker proteins, identification, cultivation and research techniques of CR-CSCs, and we summarized the signaling pathways that regulate the stemness of CR-CSCs, such as Wnt, JAK/STAT3, Notch and Hh signaling pathway. In addition to these, we also reviewed recent anti-CR-CSC drugs targeting signaling pathways, biomarkers and other regulators. These will help researchers gain insight into the current agents targeting to CR-CSCs, explore new cancer drugs and propose potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ruining Han
- Obstetric Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Zhankun Wang
- Emergency Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China;
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaosu Bai
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
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Kharaeva Z, Trakhtman P, Trakhtman I, De Luca C, Mayer W, Chung J, Ibragimova G, Korkina L. Fermented Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Supplementation in the Prevention of HPV-Induced Cervical Cancer: From Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194707. [PMID: 36230630 PMCID: PMC9564137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human papillomavirus (HPV) is connected with virtually all cases of cervical cancer. The viral infection-associated chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in apoptosis have been considered as leading risk factors for carcinogenesis in humans. In an observational clinical study, we identified oxidative markers and the cervical/circulating ligands of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis involved in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. In the following clinical trial, 250 females infected with high-cancer-risk HPV16/18 (healthy and pre-cancerous) were recruited into a placebo-controlled clinical study of supplementation with fermented mangosteen (FM, 28g/day, daily) for three months. Our findings indicate that FM, and not a placebo, in combination with routine anti-viral therapy, could prevent, slow down, or even interrupt HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis, mainly through the suppression of leukocyte recruitment into infected tissue, through anti-inflammatory effects, and through the restoration of nitric oxide metabolite-initiated TRAIL-dependent apoptosis. Abstract In the observational clinical study, we identified the oxidative markers of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis and the local/circulating ligands of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Cervical biopsies of 196 females infected with low-cancer-risk HPV10/13 or high-cancer-risk HPV16/18 (healthy, pre-cancerous CIN I and CIN II, and CIN III carcinoma) were analysed for OH radical scavenging, catalase, GSH-peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrate/nitrite, nitrotyrosine, and isoprostane. Ligands of TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis (TNF-alpha, TRAIL, IL-2, and sFAS) were determined in cervical fluid, biopsies, and serum. Cervical MPO was highly enhanced, while nitrotyrosine decreased in CIN III. Local/circulating TRAIL was remarkably decreased, and higher-than-control serum TNF-alpha and IL-2 levels were found in the CIN I and CIN III groups. Then, 250 females infected with HPV16/18 (healthy and with CIN I and CIN II) were recruited into a placebo-controlled clinical study of supplementation with fermented mangosteen (FM, 28g/day, daily) for three months. Post-trial colposcopy revealed normal patterns in 100% of the FM group versus 62% of the placebo group. Inflammatory cells in cervical fluid were found in 21% of the FM group versus 40% of the placebo group. Locally, FM drastically diminished MPO and NO2/NO3, while it remarkably increased TRAIL. Additionally, FM supplementation normalised serum TRAIL, TNF-alpha, and IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Kharaeva
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Virology Department, Berbekov’s Kabardino-Balkar State Medical University, Chernishevskiy Str. 176, 360000 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Pavel Trakhtman
- Blood Bank, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Mashela Str. 1, 117988 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Trakhtman
- R&D Department, Swiss Dekotra GmbH, Badenerstrasse 549, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R&D Department, Medena AG, Industriestrasse 16, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- R&D Department, Medena AG, Industriestrasse 16, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland
| | - Jessie Chung
- Natural Health Farm Ltd., 39 Jalan Pengacara U1/48, Temasya Industrial Park, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Galina Ibragimova
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), Vernadskiy Pr. 97, 117437 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- R&D Department, Swiss Dekotra GmbH, Badenerstrasse 549, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), Vernadskiy Pr. 97, 117437 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-3497364787
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Mei J, Zhu C, Pan L, Li M. MACC1 regulates the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway to induce migration, invasion, cancer stemness, and suppress apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Bioengineered 2021; 13:61-70. [PMID: 34939526 PMCID: PMC8805864 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2006567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the second most frequent tumor in women, and CC stem cells have been vital in the tumorigenesis of CC. Recently, the metastasis- associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) gene was proven to be a promising biomarker of CC. However, the role and mechanism of MACC1 in CC remain undetermined. Expressions of MACC1 were estimated by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays in cervical cancer tissues and cells. Three siRNAs were generated to knockdown expressions of MACC1 in CC cells. After knockdown of MACC1 or/and Colivelin treatment, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and stemness were evaluated through a series of functional experiments including Transwell, flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, and sphere-formation assays. MACC1 was found to express more highly in CC tissues in comparison with corresponding non-tumor tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Functionally, the knocking- down of MACC1 significantly repressed migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of CC cells. Also, knockdown of MACC1 was discovered to suppress sphere-formation of CC cells and downregulate OCT4 and Nanog. It was proved that knockdown of MACC1 had a significant blocking effect on the AKT/STAT3 pathway. In addition, we verified that treatment with the STAT3 activator (Colivelin) had significant reversal effects on the malignant behaviors of CC cells and CC stemness. Our study concluded that MACC1 might be a novel regulator of CC by regulating the AKT/STAT3 pathway to change the migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cancer stemness of CC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - ChengYa Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - LiuLiu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of gynecology, Wenzhou Women and Children Health Guidance Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Silva VR, Santos LDS, Dias RB, Quadros CA, Bezerra DP. Emerging agents that target signaling pathways to eradicate colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1275-1313. [PMID: 34791817 PMCID: PMC8696218 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The modern concept of cancer biology indicates that cancer is formed of a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which present both pluripotency and self-renewal properties. These cells are considered responsible for the progression of the disease, recurrence and tumor resistance. Interestingly, some cell signaling pathways participate in CRC survival, proliferation, and self-renewal properties, and most of them are dysregulated in CSCs, including the Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathways. In this review, we summarize the strategies for eradicating CRC stem cells by modulating these dysregulated pathways, which will contribute to the study of potential therapeutic schemes, combining conventional drugs with CSC-targeting drugs, and allowing better cure rates in anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdenizia R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Luciano de S Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Quadros
- São Rafael Hospital, Rede D'Or/São Luiz, Salvador, Bahia, 41253-190, Brazil.,Bahia State University, Salvador, Bahia, 41150-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
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Targeting cancer stem cells by nutraceuticals for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:234-245. [PMID: 34273521 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumor progression and reoccurrence and drug resistance. Multiple signaling pathways have been revealed to be critically participated in CSC development and maintenance. Emerging evidence indicates that numerous chemopreventive compounds, also known as nutraceuticals, could eliminate CSCs in part via regulating several signaling pathways. Therefore, in this review, we will describe the some natural chemopreventive agents that target CSCs in a variety of human malignancies, including soy isoflavone, curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols, sulforaphane, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, withaferin A, apigenin, etc. Moreover, we discuss that eliminating CSCs by nutraceuticals might be a promising strategy for treating human cancer via overcoming drug resistance and reducing tumor reoccurrence.
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Shin JM, Lim E, Cho YS, Nho CW. Cancer-preventive effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate through tumor microenvironment regulation in a colorectal cancer stem cell xenograft model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153493. [PMID: 33626429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a glucosinolate derived from cruciferous vegetables and is a cancer-chemopreventive reagent. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have roles in cancer chemoresistance, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. Here, we investigated whether PEITC can suppress the properties of CSCs using NCCIT cells and HCT116-derived cancer stem-like cells. Furthermore, we established a CSC xenograft prevention model using nude mice. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the actual cancer-preventive effects of PEITC in vitro and in a xenograft prevention model. STUDY DESIGN We assessed the cancer-preventive effects of PEITC on CSCs using a novel xenograft prevention model. METHODS NCCIT cells were treated with PEITC, and the expression of pluripotent markers was confirmed by reporter assays, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. In addition, to evaluate the effects of PEITC on CSC properties, sphere cells, which exhibit CSC properties, were established from the HCT116 cells. Furthermore, to examine the inhibitory effects and the underlying mechanism following daily intake of PEITC on CSCs, we performed an animal study in a mouse xenograft model and RNA-sequencing analysis. RESULTS PEITC significantly reduced the CSC properties, including clonogenicity and the expression of pluripotent factors. Prior to CSC inoculation in vivo, the PEITC pre-treatment group showed a more effective reduction in the tumor growth rate and expression of CSC markers compared to the post-treatment groups. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing results showed that PEITC pre-treatment remarkably suppressed genes related to inflammatory and immune responses and chemokine-related signaling. CONCLUSION PEITC might contribute to the prevention or delay of colorectal cancer growth by inhibiting CSCs via the regulation of inflammatory chemokines, which can affect the tumor microenvironment. Thus, our study suggests that the daily intake of phytochemicals derived from vegetables or dietary supplements could have cancer-preventive effects through regulation of the host-tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Shin
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Lim
- Department of Bio-Medical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Bio-Medical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Dietary isothiocyanates inhibit cancer progression by modulation of epigenome. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:353-376. [PMID: 33434642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle, growth, survival and metabolism are tightly regulated together and failure in cellular regulation leads to carcinogenesis. Several signaling pathways like the PI3K, WNT, MAPK and NFKb pathway exhibit aberrations in cancer and help achieve hallmark capabilities. Clinical research and in vitro studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer onset and development. Altered gene expression patterns enabled by changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA processing have proven roles in cancer hallmark acquisition. The reversible nature of epigenetic processes offers robust therapeutic targets. Dietary bioactive compounds offer a vast compendium of effective therapeutic moieties. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) sourced from cruciferous vegetables demonstrate anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic effect against several cancers. ITCs also modulate the redox environment, modulate signaling pathways including PI3K, MAPK, WNT, and NFkB. They also modulate the epigenetic machinery by regulating the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers and miRNA. This further enhances their transcriptional modulation of key cellular regulators. In this review, we comprehensively assess the impact of ITCs such as sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate on cancer and document their effect on various molecular targets. Overall, this will facilitate consolidation of the current understanding of the anti-cancer and epigenetic modulatory potential of these compounds and recognize the gaps in literature. Further, we discuss avenues of future research to develop these compounds as potential therapeutic entities.
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Áyen Á, Jiménez Martínez Y, Boulaiz H. Targeted Gene Delivery Therapies for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051301. [PMID: 32455616 PMCID: PMC7281413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being largely preventable through early vaccination and screening strategies, cervical cancer is the most common type of gynecological malignancy worldwide and constitutes one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Patients with advanced or recurrent disease have a very poor prognosis; hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in cervical malignancy are needed. In this regard, targeted gene delivery therapy is presented as a promising approach, which leads to the development of multiple strategies focused on different aspects. These range from altered gene restoration, immune system potentiation, and oncolytic virotherapy to the use of nanotechnology and the design of improved and enhanced gene delivery systems, among others. In the present manuscript, we review the current progress made in targeted gene delivery therapy for cervical cancer, the advantages and drawbacks and their clinical application. At present, multiple targeted gene delivery systems have been reported with encouraging preclinical results. However, the translation to humans has not yet shown a significant clinical benefit due principally to the lack of efficient vectors. Real efforts are being made to develop new gene delivery systems, to improve tumor targeting and to minimize toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Áyen
- Department of Dermatology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yaiza Jiménez Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-271
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11
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Cianciosi D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Ansary J, Gil E, Amici A, Bompadre S, Simal-Gandara J, Giampieri F, Battino M. Phenolic compounds from Mediterranean foods as nutraceutical tools for the prevention of cancer: The effect of honey polyphenols on colorectal cancer stem-like cells from spheroids. Food Chem 2020; 325:126881. [PMID: 32387951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and development of relapses are ascribable to a rare cell population of tumour mass: cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CSCs could increase patients' survival rate and it is important to identify molecules that can act on the main pathways of these cells. Natural bioactive compounds, of which Manuka honey (MH) is rich, could be a good opportunity to target them. This work aims to evaluate the effect of MH on CSCs-like from human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116 cell line) enriched through the in vitro sphere-forming assay. The results showed that MH reduced the volume of the entire culture of spheroids, affecting also their morphological parameters and induced apoptosis and ROS intracellular accumulation in CSCs-like. In addition, MH decreased the mRNA expression of one of ABC transporters (ABCG2) and affected self-renewal ability through the downregulation of the mRNA expression of one of the receptor membranes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Frizzled 7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cianciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Johura Ansary
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy
| | - Emilio Gil
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Adolfo Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bompadre
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche e Sanita' Pubblica Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy.
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12
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Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Suppresses Stemness in the Chemo- and Radio-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231/IR Via Downregulation of Metadherin. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020268. [PMID: 31979093 PMCID: PMC7072670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy is considered a major therapeutic barrier in breast cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a prominent role in chemo and radiotherapy resistance. The established chemo and radio-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231/IR displays greater CSC characteristics than the parental MDA-MB-231 cells. Escalating evidence demonstrates that metadherin (MTDH) is associated with a number of cancer signaling pathways as well as breast cancer therapy resistance, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Kaplan–Meier plot analysis revealed a correlation between higher levels of MTDH and shorter lifetimes in breast cancer and TNBC patients. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the MTDH and CD44 expression levels in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer database. We demonstrate that MTDH plays a pivotal role in the regulation of stemness in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. Knockdown of MTDH in MDA-MB-231/IR cells resulted in a reduction in the CSC population, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and major CSC markers, including β-catenin, CD44+, and Slug. In addition, MTDH knockdown increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. We found that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a well-known pro-oxidant phytochemical, suppressed stemness in MDA-MB-231/IR cells through ROS modulation via the downregulation of MTDH. Co-treatment of PEITC and N-Acetylcysteine (a ROS scavenger) caused alterations in PEITC induced cell death and CSC markers. Moreover, PEITC regulated MTDH expression at the post-transcriptional level, which was confirmed using cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor.
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13
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Benzyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Initiated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DR4 and DR5 Death Receptor Activation in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120839. [PMID: 31817791 PMCID: PMC6995572 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is known to inhibit the metastasis of gastric cancer cells but further studies are needed to confirm its chemotherapeutic potential against gastric cancer. In this study, we observed cell shrinkage and morphological changes in one of the gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, the AGS cells, after BITC treatment. We performed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a cell viability assay, and found that BITC decreased AGS cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) revealed that BITC-induced cell death involved intracellular ROS production, which resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, cell viability was partially restored when BITC-treated AGS cells were preincubated with glutathione (GSH). Western blotting indicated that BITC regulated the expressions of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling molecules, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cytochrome c (Cyt c). In addition, BITC increased death receptor DR5 expression, and activated the cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) cascade. Overall, our results showed that BITC triggers apoptosis in AGS cells via the apoptotic pathways involved in ROS-promoted mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor activation.
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14
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Lachance JC, Radhakrishnan S, Madiwale G, Guerrier S, Vanamala JKP. Targeting hallmarks of cancer with a food-system-based approach. Nutrition 2019; 69:110563. [PMID: 31622909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive resources are dedicated to the development and study of cancer drugs, the cancer burden is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decade. This highlights a critical need to develop effective, evidence-based strategies for countering the global rise in cancer incidence. Except in high-risk populations, cancer drugs are not generally suitable for use in cancer prevention owing to potential side effects and substantial monetary costs (Sporn, 2011). There is overwhelming epidemiological and experimental evidence that the dietary bioactive compounds found in whole plant-based foods have significant anticancer and chemopreventative properties. These bioactive compounds often exert pleiotropic effects and act synergistically to simultaneously target multiple pathways of cancer. Common bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables include carotenoids, glucosinolates, and polyphenols. These compounds have been shown to target multiple hallmarks of cancer in vitro and in vivo and potentially to address the diversity and heterogeneity of certain cancers. Although many studies have been conducted over the past 30 y, the scientific community has still not reached a consensus on exactly how the benefit of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables can be best harnessed to help reduce the risk for cancer. Different stages of the food processing system, from "farm-to-fork," can affect the retention of bioactive compounds and thus the chemopreventative properties of whole foods, and there are opportunities to improve handling of foods throughout the stages in order to best retain their chemopreventative properties. Potential target stages include, but are not limited to, pre- and postharvest management, storage, processing, and consumer practices. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive food-system-based approach that not only taking into account the effects of the food system on anticancer activity of whole foods, but also exploring solutions for consumers, policymakers, processors, and producers. Improved knowledge about this area of the food system can help us adjust farm-to-fork operations in order to consistently and predictably deliver desired bioactive compounds, thus better utilizing them as invaluable chemopreventative tools in the fight to reduce the growing burden of cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lachance
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Geneva School of Economics and Management & Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Pennsylvania State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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15
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Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Exposure Promotes Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Sp1 Transcription Factor in Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051027. [PMID: 30818757 PMCID: PMC6429440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a cytosolic marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a sub-population within heterogeneous tumor cells. CSCs associate with therapy-resistance, self-renewal, malignancy, tumor-relapse, and reduced patient-survival window. ALDH1-mediated aldehyde scavenging helps CSCs to survive a higher level of oxidative stress than regular cancer cells. Cruciferous vegetable-derived phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) selectively induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to apoptosis of cancer cells, but not healthy cells. However, this pro-oxidant role of PEITC in CSCs is poorly understood and is investigated here. In a HeLa CSCs model (hCSCs), the sphere-culture and tumorsphere assay showed significantly enriched ALDHhi CSCs from HeLa parental cells (p < 0.05). Aldefluor assay and cell proliferation assay revealed that PEITC treatments resulted in a reduced number of ALDHhi hCSCs in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In the ROS assay, PEITC promoted oxidative stress in hCSCs (p ≤ 0.001). Using immunoblotting and flow cytometry techniques, we reported that PEITC suppressed the cancer-associated transcription factor (Sp1) and a downstream multidrug resistance protein (P-glycoprotein) (both, p < 0.05). Furthermore, PEITC-treatment of hCSCs, prior to xenotransplantation in mice, lowered the in vivo tumor-initiating potential of hCSCs. In summary, PEITC treatment suppressed the proliferation of ALDH1 expressing cancer stem cells as well as key factors that are involved with drug-resistance, while promoting oxidative stress and apoptosis in hCSCs.
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16
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Jadaun A, Sharma S, Verma R, Dixit A. Pinostrobin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer stem-like cells through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12097-12109. [PMID: 35516989 PMCID: PMC9063484 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments and targeted therapies for malignancies are limited due to their severe toxicity and the development of resistance against such treatments, which leads to relapse. Past evidence has indicated that a number of plant-derived dietary agents possess biological activity against highly tumorigenic and resistant cell populations associated with cancer relapse. These subpopulations, termed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), have been targeted with plant-derived dietary flavonoids. The present study was undertaken to assess the anti-proliferative potential of pinostrobin, a dietary flavonoid, against CSCs. Sphere-forming cells were developed from HeLa cell lines using specific culture conditions. The existence of a CSC population was confirmed by the morphological examination and analysis of surface markers using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The effect of pinostrobin on the cell viability of the CSC population, evaluated through MTT reduction assays and the expression levels of surface markers (CD44+ and CD24+), was studied through various biological assays. HeLa-derived CSCs showed higher CD44+ and lower CD24+ expression. Pinostrobin inhibited the self-renewal capacity and sphere formation efficiency of CSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Increased ROS production, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and CD44+ expression indicated that pinostrobin promoted ROS-mediated apoptosis in CSCs. These results thus demonstrate the therapeutic potential and effectiveness of pinostrobin in the chemoprevention and relapse of cancer by targeting the CSC population. Thus, pinostrobin, in combination with currently available chemo and radiation therapies, could possibly be used as a safe strategy to alleviate adverse treatment effects, together with enhancing the efficacy. The anti-proliferative potential of pinostrobin, a dietary flavonoid, is evaluated against cancer stem-like cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jadaun
- Gene Regulation Laboratory
- School of Biotechnology
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory
- School of Biotechnology
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Radha Verma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory
- School of Biotechnology
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory
- School of Biotechnology
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
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17
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Chen Y, Li Y, Wang XQ, Meng Y, Zhang Q, Zhu JY, Chen JQ, Cao WS, Wang XQ, Xie CF, Li XT, Geng SS, Wu JS, Zhong CY, Han HY. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits colorectal cancer stem cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2447-2455. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiao-qian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jian-yun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jia-qi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Wan-shuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xue-qi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Chun-feng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiao-ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Shan-shan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jie-shu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Cai-yun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Hong-yu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou China
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18
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Ahmed ZSO, Li X, Li F, Cheaito HA, Patel K, Mosallam ESM, Elbargeesy GAEFH, Dou QP. Computational and biochemical studies of isothiocyanates as inhibitors of proteasomal cysteine deubiquitinases in human cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9006-9016. [PMID: 30015387 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural chemoprotective products found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables. However, the cancer-relevant targets and molecular mechanisms of ITCs remain unclear. We hypothesize that ITCs, as electrophiles, can interact with the catalytic triads (CYS, HIS, and ASP) of the proteasomal cysteine deubiquitinases USP14 and UCHL5, ultimately inhibiting their activities. In the current study, we exploited this possibility by performing both computational docking and biochemical validation assays using human breast and prostate cancer cell models. Docking results suggest that benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and DL-sulforaphane are more potent inhibitors of UCHL5 than USP14, and these ITCs could interact with the catalytic triads of UCHL5 and USP14. Indeed, ubiquitin vinyl sulfone assay confirmed the inhibitory activity of each ITC on the ubiquitin-binding activity of UCHL5 and USP14. We also found that inhibition of USP-14 and UCHL5 activities by the ITCs caused increased levels of USP14 and UCHL5 proteins, but not the third 19S-deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), POH1/RPN11, suggesting feedback loop activation and further supporting that ITCs are inhibitors of proteasomal cysteine DUBs. Associated with DUB inhibition by ITCs, ubiquitinated proteins were significantly increased, accompanied with induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation and suppression of cell invasion. Our findings of ITCs as proteasomal cysteine DUB inhibitors should provide insightful information for designing, discovering and developing potent, specific 19S-DUB inhibitors for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xin Li
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Biotechnology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hassan Ali Cheaito
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kush Patel
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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19
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Singh AK, Chauhan SS, Singh SK, Verma VV, Singh A, Arya RK, Maheshwari S, Akhtar MS, Sarkar J, Rangnekar VM, Chauhan PMS, Datta D. Dual targeting of MDM2 with a novel small-molecule inhibitor overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1027-1040. [PMID: 27543608 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein functionally inactivates the tumor suppressor p53 in human cancer. Conventional MDM2 inhibitors provide limited clinical application as they interfere only with the MDM2-p53 interaction to release p53 from MDM2 sequestration but do not prevent activated p53 from transcriptionally inducing MDM2 expression. Here, we report a rationally synthesized chalcone-based pyrido[ b ]indole, CPI-7c, as a unique small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2, which not only inhibited MDM2-p53 interaction but also promoted MDM2 degradation. CPI-7c bound to both RING and N-terminal domains of MDM2 to promote its ubiquitin-mediated degradation and p53 stabilization. CPI-7c-induced p53 directly recruited to the promoters of DR4 and DR5 genes and enhanced their expression, resulting in sensitization of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant cancer cells toward TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Collectively, we identified CPI-7c as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2 with a unique two-prong mechanism of action that sensitized TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to apoptosis by modulating the MDM2-p53-DR4/DR5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shikha S Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and.,Present address: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031 , India
| | - Ved Vrat Verma
- Department of Biophysics, Delhi University , South Campus, New Delhi 110021 , India
| | | | | | - Shrankhla Maheshwari
- Biochemistry Division.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India and
| | - Md Sohail Akhtar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031 , India
| | | | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40536 , USA and
| | | | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India and
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20
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Dietary Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Protects Mice from Colitis Associated Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091908. [PMID: 28878142 PMCID: PMC5618557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported alleviation of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis signs in phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)-treated mice. Here we investigated chemoprotective activities of PEITC in mice with Azoxymethane-DSS induced colitis associated colon carcinogenesis. We also examined the molecular mediators associated with the PEITC effects using relevant cell lines. A 0.12% PEITC-enriched mouse-diet reduced mucosal and submucosal inflammation as well as glandular atypia by 12% and the frequency of adenocarcinoma by 17% with a concomitant improvement in overall disease activity indices compared to the diseased control group. Lipopolysaccharide-induced in vitro up-regulation of key mediators of inflammation, immune response, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were attenuated by 10 μM PEITC. Three of these mediators showed concentration-dependent reduction in respective mRNAs. Furthermore, PEITC inhibited Nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFκB1) proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. The NFκB1 mRNA expression inversely correlated ( r = −0.940, p = 0.013) with tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 near its promoter region in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that PEITC may slow down the development of colon carcinogenesis in an inflammatory intestinal setting which is potentially associated with epigenetic modulation of NFκB1 signaling.
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21
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Ndombera FT. Anti-cancer agents and reactive oxygen species modulators that target cancer cell metabolism. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTraditionally the perspective on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has centered on the role they play as carcinogenic or cancer-causing radicals. Over the years, characterization and functional studies have revealed the complexity of ROS as signaling molecules that regulate various physiological cellular responses or whose levels are altered in various diseases. Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells.
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22
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Yun JH, Kim KA, Yoo G, Kim SY, Shin JM, Kim JH, Jung SH, Kim J, Nho CW. Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses cancer stem cell properties in vitro and in a xenograft model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:42-49. [PMID: 28545668 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells within the bulk of a tumor that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate, and are thus associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and is used as a cancer chemopreventive agent; however, its effects on CSCs are little known. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of PEITC on CSCs in this study by examining CSC properties. METHODS NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells were treated with PEITC, and the expression of pluripotency factors Oct4, Sox-2, and Nanog were evaluated by luciferase assay and western blot. Effect of PEITC on self-renewal capacity and clonogenicity were assessed with the sphere formation, soft agar assay, and clonogenic assay in an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-expressing CSC model derived from HCT116 colon cancer cells using a cell sorting system. The effect of PEITC was also investigated in a mouse xenograft model obtained by injecting nude mice with EpCAM-expressing cells. RESULTS We found that PEITC treatment suppressed expression of the all three pluripotency factors in the NCCIT cells, in which pluripotency factors are highly expressed. Moreover, PEITC suppressed the self-renewal capacity and clonogenicity in the EpCAM-expressing CSC model. EpCAM was used as a specific CSC marker in this study. Importantly, PEITC markedly suppressed both tumor growth and expression of three pluripotency factors in a mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PEITC might be able to slow down or prevent cancer recurrence by suppressing CSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Yun
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Gyhye Yoo
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lawson AP, Bak DW, Shannon DA, Long MJC, Vijaykumar T, Yu R, Oualid FE, Weerapana E, Hedstrom L. Identification of deubiquitinase targets of isothiocyanates using SILAC-assisted quantitative mass spectrometry. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51296-51316. [PMID: 28881649 PMCID: PMC5584250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and kale have well documented chemopreventative and anticancer effects that are attributed to the presence of isothiocyanates (ITCs). ITCs modulate the levels of many oncogenic proteins, but the molecular mechanisms of ITC action are not understood. We previously reported that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibits two deubiquitinases (DUBs), USP9x and UCH37. DUBs regulate many cellular processes and DUB dysregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Using SILAC assisted quantitative mass spectrometry, here we identify 9 new PEITC-DUB targets: USP1, USP3, USP10, USP11, USP16, USP22, USP40, USP48 and VCPIP1. Seven of these PEITC-sensitive DUBs have well-recognized roles in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling. PEITC both inhibits USP1 and increases its ubiquitination and degradation, thus decreasing USP1 activity by two mechanisms. The loss of USP1 activity increases the level of mono-ubiquitinated DNA clamp PCNA, impairing DNA repair. Both the inhibition/degradation of USP1 and the increase in mono-ubiquitinated PCNA are new activities for PEITC that can explain the previously recognized ability of ITCs to enhance cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Our work also demonstrates that PEITC reduces the mono-ubiquityl histones H2A and H2B. Understanding the mechanism of action of ITCs should facilitate their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - D Alexander Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Runhan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | | | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
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25
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Pereira LP, Silva P, Duarte M, Rodrigues L, Duarte CMM, Albuquerque C, Serra AT. Targeting Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Stemness and Metastatic Potential Using Brassicaceae Extracts Enriched in Isothiocyanates: A 3D Cell Model-Based Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040368. [PMID: 28394276 PMCID: PMC5409707 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence is often attributable to circulating tumor cells and/or cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist to conventional therapies and foster tumor progression. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from Brassicaceae vegetables have demonstrated anticancer effects in CRC, however little is known about their effect in CSCs and tumor initiation properties. Here we examined the effect of ITCs-enriched Brassicaceae extracts derived from watercress and broccoli in cell proliferation, CSC phenotype and metastasis using a previously developed three-dimensional HT29 cell model with CSC-like traits. Both extracts were phytochemically characterized and their antiproliferative effect in HT29 monolayers was explored. Next, we performed cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis in HT29 spheroids treated with watercress and broccoli extracts and respective main ITCs, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN). Soft agar assays and relative quantitative expression analysis of stemness markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling players were performed to evaluate the effect of these phytochemicals in stemness and metastasis. Our results showed that both Brassicaceae extracts and ITCs exert antiproliferative effects in HT29 spheroids, arresting cell cycle at G₂/M, possibly due to ITC-induced DNA damage. Colony formation and expression of LGR5 and CD133 cancer stemness markers were significantly reduced. Only watercress extract and PEITC decreased ALDH1 activity in a dose-dependent manner, as well as β-catenin expression. Our research provides new insights on CRC therapy using ITC-enriched Brassicaceae extracts, specially watercress extract, to target CSCs and circulating tumor cells by impairing cell proliferation, ALDH1-mediated chemo-resistance, anoikis evasion, self-renewal and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília P Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Duarte
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Catarina M M Duarte
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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26
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Nachat A, Turoff-Ortmeyer S, Liu C, Mcculloch M. PEITC in End-Stage B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia: Case Report of Possible Sensitization to Salvage R-CHOP. Perm J 2017; 20:74-80. [PMID: 27168399 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/15-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare, aggressive leukemia distinct from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, with median survival of only 3 years. B-PLL is resistant to most chemotherapy and newer targeted therapies such as alemtuzumab and thalidomide. Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural compound from horseradish with evidence for therapeutic potential in multiple leukemia types. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present a case report of a 53-year-old man whose chronic lymphocytic leukemia transformed to end-stage B-PLL, disqualifying him for allogenic stem cell transplantation. He was treated with PEITC followed by salvage R-CHOP (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin [doxorubicin hydrochloride], Oncovin [vincristine sulfate], Prednisone or Prednisolone) chemotherapy, which led to normalized white blood cell count and disease stabilization that requalified him for allogenic peripheral stem-cell transplant therapy. We conducted a systematic review to analyze and interpret the potential contribution of PEITC to his unexpectedly favorable R-CHOP response. Following sequential 8 weeks of PEITC/pentostatin and 6 cycles of R-CHOP, the patient received allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplant on an outpatient basis and remains well at the time of this publication, with no evidence of CD20+ small B-cells. DISCUSSION Given the limited data for R-CHOP in B-PLL, this patient's recovery suggests presensitization of B-PLL cells toward R-CHOP, potentially justifying further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Nachat
- Physician Lead for Integrative Medicine at Walnut Creek Hospital in CA.
| | | | - Chunnan Liu
- Medical Oncologist at Walnut Creek Hospital in CA.
| | - Michael Mcculloch
- Chief of Research for Integrative Medicine at the Pine Street Foundation in San Anselmo and at Walnut Creek Hospital in CA.
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Abstract
Post-infectious hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is caused by specific pathogens in patients with no identifiable HUS-associated genetic mutation or autoantibody. The majority of episodes is due to infections by Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC). This chapter reviews the epidemiology and pathogenesis of STEC-HUS, including bacterial-derived factors and host responses. STEC disease is characterized by hematological (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), renal (acute kidney injury) and extrarenal organ involvement. Clinicians should always strive for an etiological diagnosis through the microbiological or molecular identification of Stx-producing bacteria and Stx or, if negative, serological assays. Treatment of STEC-HUS is supportive; more investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of putative preventive and therapeutic measures, such as non-phage-inducing antibiotics, volume expansion and anti-complement agents. The outcome of STEC-HUS is generally favorable, but chronic kidney disease, permanent extrarenal, mainly cerebral complication and death (in less than 5 %) occur and long-term follow-up is recommended. The remainder of this chapter highlights rarer forms of (post-infectious) HUS due to S. dysenteriae, S. pneumoniae, influenza A and HIV and discusses potential interactions between these pathogens and the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F. Geary
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Ju HQ, Lu YX, Chen DL, Tian T, Mo HY, Wei XL, Liao JW, Wang F, Zeng ZL, Pelicano H, Aguilar M, Jia WH, Xu RH. Redox Regulation of Stem-like Cells Though the CD44v-xCT Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1160-75. [PMID: 27279909 PMCID: PMC4893643 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common neoplastic disease and a frequent cause of death. Drug resistance is a major challenge to CRC treatment and stem-like side-population (SP) cells may play a key role in this resistance. Although it has been recognized that cancer stem cells may be affected by redox status, the underlying mechanisms for this effect and the roles of celllular redox adaptation and antioxidant capacity in CRC remain elusive. Our study shows that CRC SP cells are highly dependent on cellular GSH to maintain ROS levels below those of non-SP cells. Exposing CRC cells to H2O2 produced a significant decrease in the percentage of SP cells, which was rescued by adding N-acetylcysteine. Mechanistically, CD44v interacts with and stabilizes xCT and thereby promotes the uptake of cysteine for GSH synthesis and stimulates SP cell enrichment. Additionally, miR-1297 levels were inversely correlated with the expression of xCT; thus, reduced miR-1297 contributes to SP cell enrichment in CRC tumors, which results in tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, redox modification by PEITC significantly reduces CRC SP cells in vitro and impairs tumors growth in vivo. The combination of 5FU and PEITC led to synergistic cytotoxic effects against CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that a GSH-mediated reduction in cellular ROS levels is an essential regulator of CRC SP cells mediated by the CD44v-xCT axis, and disrupting the redox status may eliminate the chemotherapy-resistant CRC SP cells with potentially significant benefits for cancer treatment.
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29
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Huang X, Borgström B, Kempengren S, Persson L, Hegardt C, Strand D, Oredsson S. Breast cancer stem cell selectivity of synthetic nanomolar-active salinomycin analogs. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:145. [PMID: 26906175 PMCID: PMC4765157 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been invoked in resistance, recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Consequently, curative cancer treatments may be contingent on CSC selective approaches. Of particular interest in this respect is the ionophore salinomycin, a natural product shown to be 100-fold more active against CSCs than clinically used paclitaxel. We have previously reported that synthetic salinomycin derivatives display increased activity against breast cancer cell lines. Herein we specifically investigate the CSC selectivity of the most active member in each class of C20-O-acylated analogs as well as a C1-methyl ester analog incapable of charge-neutral metal ion transport. Methods JIMT-1 breast cancer cells were treated with three C20-O-acylated analogs, the C1-methyl ester of salinomycin, and salinomycin. The effects of treatment on the CSC-related CD44+/CD24− and the aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) populations were determined using flow cytometry. The survival ability of CSCs after treatment was investigated with a colony formation assay under serum free conditions. The effect of the compounds on cell migration was evaluated using wound-healing and Boyden chamber assays. The expression of vimentin, related to mesenchymal traits and expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, related to the epithelial traits, were investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Treatment with each of the three C20-acylated analogs efficiently decreased the putative CSC population as reflected by reduction of the CD44+/CD24− and ALDH+ populations already at a 50 nM concentration. In addition, colony forming efficiency and cell migration were reduced, and the expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin at the cell surface were increased. In contrast, salinomycin used at the same concentration did not significantly influence the CSC population and the C1-methyl ester was inactive even at a 20 μM concentration. Conclusions Synthetic structural analogs of salinomycin, previously shown to exhibit increased activity against cancer cells, also exhibited improved activity against CSCs across several assays even at nanomolar concentrations where salinomycin was found inactive. The methyl ester analog of salinomycin, incapable of charge-neutral metal ion transport, did not show activity in CSC assays, lending experimental support to ionophoric stress as the molecular initiating event for the CSC effects of salinomycin and related structures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2142-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Björn Borgström
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Lo Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Hegardt
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Cancer Center/Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Strand
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Veeranki OL, Bhattacharya A, Tang L, Marshall JR, Zhang Y. Cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates, and prevention of bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:272-282. [PMID: 26273545 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of human bladder cancers (BC) are non-muscle invasive when first diagnosed and are usually treated by transurethral tumor resection. But 50-80% of patients experience cancer recurrence. Agents for prevention of primary BC have yet to be identified. Existing prophylactics against BC recurrence, e.g., Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), have limited efficacy and utility; they engender significant side effects and require urethral catheterization. Many cruciferous vegetables, rich sources of isothiocyanates (ITCs), are commonly consumed by humans. Many ITCs possess promising chemopreventive activities against BC and its recurrence. Moreover, orally ingested ITCs are selectively delivered to bladder via urinary excretion. This review is focused on urinary delivery of ITCs to the bladder, their cellular uptake, their chemopreventive activities in preclinical and epidemiological studies that are particularly relevant to prevention of BC recurrence and progression, and their chemopreventive mechanisms in BC cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkara L Veeranki
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arup Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - James R Marshall
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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31
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Chhabra R. Cervical cancer stem cells: opportunities and challenges. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1889-97. [PMID: 25563493 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in spite of screening and vaccination programs. The current treatment strategies including chemotherapy and surgery could only prolong the patient's survival rather than provide a permanent cure. In case of advanced cervical cancer, radical surgery remains the only option which not only affects the child-bearing ability of the patient, but also comes with a continual risk of recurrence of the disease. Hence, there is a need to develop innovative therapeutics. The cancer stem cell hypothesis states that a tumor has a hierarchical cellular structure in which only a small subpopulation, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is capable of tumorigenesis. The CSCs possess the stem-like properties of self-renewal and can differentiate into non-stem tumor cells. RESULTS A large number of studies suggest that CSCs are resistant to the conventional therapies used for cancer treatment. These therapies rather enrich the proportion of CSCs in the tumor by eliminating non-stem tumor cells, thereby causing enhanced drug resistance resulting in relapse of the disease. This makes CSCs as the most likely targets for therapeutic intervention. Also, the increase in the proportion of CSCs in patient samples is associated with poor survival rate, thus highlighting their potential role as prognostic biomarker. CONCLUSION The CSCs have been identified and characterized in cervical cancer cell lines, but there are hardly any reports of CSCs in cervical cancer patient samples. This review highlights the current status of research on cervical CSCs, their clinical significance and the challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Rana A, Attar R, Qureshi MZ, Gasparri ML, Donato VD, Ali GM, Farooqi AA. Dealing naturally with stumbling blocks on highways and byways of TRAIL induced signaling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8041-6. [PMID: 25338981 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In-depth analysis of how TRAIL signals through death receptors to induce apoptosis in cancer cells using high throughput technologies has added new layers of knowledge. However, the wealth of information has also highlighted the fact that TRAIL induced apoptosis may be impaired as evidenced by experimental findings obtained from TRAIL resistant cancer cell lines. Overwhelmingly, increasing understanding of TRAIL mediated apoptosis has helped in identifying synthetic and natural compounds which can restore TRAIL induced apoptosis via functionalization of either extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. Increasingly it is being realized that biologically active phytochemicals modulate TRAIL induced apoptosis, as evidenced by cell-based studies. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of how different phytonutrients have shown efficacy in restoring apoptosis in TRAIL resistant cancer cells. We partition this review into how the TRAIL mediated signaling landscape has broadened over the years and how TRAIL induced signaling machinery crosstalks with autophagic protein networks. Subsequently, we provide a generalized view of considerable biological activity of coumarins against a wide range of cancer cell lines and how coumarins (psoralidin and esculetin) isolated from natural sources have improved TRAIL induced apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. We summarize recent updates on piperlongumine, phenethyl isothiocyanate and luteolin induced activation of TRAIL mediated apoptosis. The data obtained from pre-clinical studies will be helpful in translation of information from benchtop to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Rana
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail :
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