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Rinella L, Fiorentino G, Compagno M, Grange C, Cedrino M, Marano F, Bosco O, Vissio E, Delsedime L, D'Amelio P, Bussolati B, Arvat E, Catalano MG. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) drives growth and metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1266-1279. [PMID: 38740881 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a poor prognosis and remains an incurable fatal disease. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers involved in cancer progression is urgently needed to develop more-effective therapies. The present study investigated the role of the Wnt signaling modulator Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in the growth and metastatic progression of mCRPC. DKK1 silencing through siRNA and deletion via CRISPR/Cas9 editing were performed in two different metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145). A xenograft tumor model was used to assess tumor growth and metastases. In in vitro experiments, both DKK1 silencing and deletion reduced cell growth and migration of both cell lines. DKK1 knockout clones (DKK1-KO) exhibited cell cycle arrest, tubulin reorganization, and modulation of tumor metastasis-associated genes. Furthermore, in DKK1-KO cells, E-cadherin re-expression and its membrane co-localization with β-catenin were observed, contributing to reduced migration; Cadherin-11, known to increase during epithelial-mesenchymal transition, was down-regulated in DKK1-KO cells. In the xenograft mouse model, DKK1 deletion not only reduced tumor growth but also inhibited the formation of lung metastases. In conclusion, our findings support the key role of DKK1 in the growth and metastatic dissemination of mCRPC, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Rinella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mara Compagno
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Cedrino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Marano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Bosco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Vissio
- Unit of Pathology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Delsedime
- Unit of Pathology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Tümen D, Heumann P, Huber J, Hahn N, Macek C, Ernst M, Kandulski A, Kunst C, Gülow K. Unraveling Cancer's Wnt Signaling: Dynamic Control through Protein Kinase Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2686. [PMID: 39123414 PMCID: PMC11312265 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the initial identification of oncogenic Wnt in mice and Drosophila, the Wnt signaling pathway has been subjected to thorough and extensive investigation. Persistent activation of Wnt signaling exerts diverse cancer characteristics, encompassing tumor initiation, tumor growth, cell senescence, cell death, differentiation, and metastasis. Here we review the principal signaling mechanisms and the regulatory influence of pathway-intrinsic and extrinsic kinases on cancer progression. Additionally, we underscore the divergences and intricate interplays of the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways and their critical influence in cancer pathophysiology, exhibiting both growth-promoting and growth-suppressing roles across diverse cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.T.); (N.H.)
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3
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Balijepalli P, Yue G, Prasad B, Meier KE. Global Proteomics Analysis of Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells: Role of CCN1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2067. [PMID: 38396744 PMCID: PMC10889543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic factor 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) is a matricellular protein that is induced and secreted in response to growth factors. Our previous work showed that 18:1-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which activates the G protein-coupled receptor LPAR1, induces CCN1 between 2-4 h in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in a manner than enhances cell-substrate adhesion. While the time course of induction suggests that CCN1 contributes to intermediate events in LPA action, the roles of CCN1 in LPA-mediated signal transduction have not been fully elucidated. This study utilized a comprehensive global proteomics approach to identify proteins up- or down-regulated in response to treatment of PC-3 cells with LPA for three hours, during the time of peak CCN1 levels. In addition, the effects of siRNA-mediated CCN1 knockdown on LPA responses were analyzed. The results show that, in addition to CCN1, LPA increased the levels of multiple proteins. Proteins up-regulated by LPA included metastasis-associated in colon cancer protein 1 (MACC1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1/THBS1); both MACC1 and TSP1 regulated cancer cell adhesion and motility. LPA down-regulated thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). CCN1 knockdown suppressed the LPA-induced up-regulation of 30 proteins; these included MACC1 and TSP1, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Gene ontology and STRING analyses revealed multiple pathways impacted by LPA and CCN1. These results indicate that CCN1 contributes to LPA signaling cascades that occur during the intermediate phase after the initial stimulus. The study provides a rationale for the development of interventions to disrupt the LPA-CCN1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathryn E. Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.B.); (G.Y.); (B.P.)
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4
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Orozco-Moreno M, Visser EA, Hodgson K, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Bastian K, Goode EA, Öztürk Ö, Pijnenborg JFA, Eerden N, Moons SJ, Rossing E, Wang N, de Haan N, Büll C, Boltje TJ, Munkley J. Targeting aberrant sialylation and fucosylation in prostate cancer cells using potent metabolic inhibitors. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1155-1171. [PMID: 37847613 PMCID: PMC10876042 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and is not just a consequence, but also a driver of a malignant phenotype. In prostate cancer, changes in fucosylated and sialylated glycans are common and this has important implications for tumor progression, metastasis, and immune evasion. Glycans hold huge translational potential and new therapies targeting tumor-associated glycans are currently being tested in clinical trials for several tumor types. Inhibitors targeting fucosylation and sialylation have been developed and show promise for cancer treatment, but translational development is hampered by safety issues related to systemic adverse effects. Recently, potent metabolic inhibitors of sialylation and fucosylation were designed that reach higher effective concentrations within the cell, thereby rendering them useful tools to study sialylation and fucosylation as potential candidates for therapeutic testing. Here, we investigated the effects of global metabolic inhibitors of fucosylation and sialylation in the context of prostate cancer progression. We find that these inhibitors effectively shut down the synthesis of sialylated and fucosylated glycans to remodel the prostate cancer glycome with only minor apparent side effects on other glycan types. Our results demonstrate that treatment with inhibitors targeting fucosylation or sialylation decreases prostate cancer cell growth and downregulates the expression of genes and proteins important in the trajectory of disease progression. We anticipate our findings will lead to the broader use of metabolic inhibitors to explore the role of fucosylated and sialylated glycans in prostate tumor pathology and may pave the way for the development of new therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eline A Visser
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes L Hipgrave Ederveen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kayla Bastian
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Özden Öztürk
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nienke Eerden
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- GlycoTherapeutics B.V., Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam J Moons
- Synvenio B.V., Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rossing
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield, Yorkshire S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
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Yuan S, Hoggard NK, Kantake N, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. Effects of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2695. [PMID: 38067123 PMCID: PMC10705757 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastic bone metastases are commonly detected in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) antagonizes canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and plays a complex role in bone metastases. We explored the function of cancer cell-specific DKK-1 in PCa growth, metastasis, and cancer-bone interactions using the osteoblastic canine PCa cell line, Probasco. Probasco or Probasco + DKK-1 (cells transduced with human DKK-1) were injected into the tibia or left cardiac ventricle of athymic nude mice. Bone metastases were detected by bioluminescent imaging in vivo and evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. Cancer cell proliferation, migration, gene/protein expression, and their impact on primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts, were evaluated in vitro. DKK-1 increased cancer growth and stimulated cell migration independent of canonical WNT signaling. Enhanced cancer progression by DKK-1 was associated with increased cell proliferation, up-regulation of NF-kB/p65 signaling, inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of non-canonical WNT/JNK signaling, and increased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes. In addition, DKK-1 attenuated the osteoblastic activity of Probasco cells, and bone metastases had decreased cancer-induced intramedullary woven bone formation. Decreased bone formation might be due to the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and stimulation of osteoclast activity through a decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio in the bone microenvironment. The present study indicated that the cancer-promoting role of DKK-1 in PCa bone metastases was associated with increased growth of bone metastases, reduced bone induction, and altered signaling through the canonical WNT-independent pathway. DKK-1 could be a promising therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Nathan K. Hoggard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
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Li J, Zhang Y, Ye F, Qian P, Qin Z, Li D, Ye L, Feng L. DKK1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer via Activation of the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4756. [PMID: 37835450 PMCID: PMC10571993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a classical method of cancer treatment. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a traditional and essential therapeutic approach in gastric cancer treatment. However, the development of drug resistance during treatment is a major obstacle that limits their further application, and molecular changes have occurred in the development of drug resistance. Here, we found that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is highly expressed in gastric cancer and related to poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients through public database mining. Next, we also identified that DKK1 is highly expressed in CDDP-resistant gastric cancer cell lines, supporting the notion that DKK1 is a necessary regulator of CDDP resistance. In terms of mechanistic research, our data reveal that DKK1 was able to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and affect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, further contributing to CDDP resistance. Genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of DKK1 recovered CDDP sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our study highlights the potential of targeted inhibition of DKK1 to reverse CDDP resistance and alleviate metastatic properties in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.)
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.)
| | - Fangzhou Ye
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.)
| | - Peiyu Qian
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Zhe Qin
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.)
| | - Deming Li
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.)
| | - Li Ye
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Li Feng
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.)
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7
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Maselli FM, Giuliani F, Laface C, Perrone M, Melaccio A, De Santis P, Santoro AN, Guarini C, Iaia ML, Fedele P. Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer: State of Art and New Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5769-5794. [PMID: 37366915 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of tumor in men. In the early stage of the disease, it is sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy. In patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), chemotherapy and second-generation androgen receptor therapy have led to increased survival. However, despite advances in the management of mHSPC, castration resistance is unavoidable and many patients develop metastatic castration-resistant disease (mCRPC). In the past few decades, immunotherapy has dramatically changed the oncology landscape and has increased the survival rate of many types of cancer. However, immunotherapy in prostate cancer has not yet given the revolutionary results it has in other types of tumors. Research into new treatments is very important for patients with mCRPC because of its poor prognosis. In this review, we focus on the reasons for the apparent intrinsic resistance of prostate cancer to immunotherapy, the possibilities for overcoming this resistance, and the clinical evidence and new therapeutic perspectives regarding immunotherapy in prostate cancer with a look toward the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmelo Laface
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | - Martina Perrone
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | - Assunta Melaccio
- Medical Oncology, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Bari, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi De Santis
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Guarini
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Iaia
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | - Palma Fedele
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
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8
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Haque S, Bhushan Raman R, Salam M. Role of Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Disease Progression. LIVER CANCER - GENESIS, PROGRESSION AND METASTASIS 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the third leading and common lethal cancers worldwide. Early detection of tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is through ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans; however, these methods are not up to the mark, so a search for an efficient biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocarcinogenesis is important. Proteomic and genomic approaches aid to develop new promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC at the early stages. These biomarkers not only help in prognosis but also provide better therapeutic intervention against HCC. Among the different biomarker candidates, liquid biopsy [including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)] has recently emerged as a noninvasive detection technique for the characterization of circulating cells, providing a strong basis and early diagnosis for the individualized treatment of patients. This review provides the current understanding of HCC biomarkers that predict the risk of HCC recurrence.
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9
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Doucet D, Brubaker C, Turner D, Gregory CA. Factors affecting the role of canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114822. [PMID: 37007131 PMCID: PMC10050559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has the capacity to modulate homeostasis between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and also signal independently of Wnt. The specific effects of Dkk-1 activity on tumor physiology are therefore unpredictable with examples of Dkk-1 serving as either a driver or suppressor of malignancy. Given that Dkk-1 blockade may serve as a potential treatment for some types of cancer, we questioned whether it is possible to predict the role of Dkk-1 on tumor progression based on the tissue origin of the tumor.MethodsOriginal research articles that described Dkk-1 in terms a tumor suppressor or driver of cancer growth were identified. To determine the association between tumor developmental origin and the role of Dkk-1, a logistic regression was performed. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for survival statistics based on tumor Dkk-1 expression.ResultsWe report that Dkk-1 is statistically more likely to serve as a suppressor in tumors arising from the ectoderm (p = 0.0198) or endoderm (p = 0.0334) but more likely to serve as a disease driver in tumors of mesodermal origin (p = 0.0155). Survival analyses indicated that in cases where Dkk-1 expression could be stratified, high Dkk-1 expression is usually associated with poor prognosis. This in part may be due to pro-tumorigenic role Dkk-1 plays on tumor cells but also through its influence on immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes in the tumor stroma.ConclusionDkk-1 has a context-specific dual role as a tumor suppressor or driver. Dkk-1 is significantly more likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in tumors arising from ectoderm and endoderm while the converse is true for mesodermal tumors. Patient survival data indicated high Dkk-1 expression is generally a poor prognostic indicator. These findings provide further support for the importance of Dkk-1 as a therapeutic cancer target in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Doucet
- Medical Sciences Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Connor Brubaker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Donald Turner
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Carl A. Gregory,
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10
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Jaschke NP, Pählig S, Sinha A, Adolph TE, Colunga ML, Hofmann M, Wang A, Thiele S, Schwärzler J, Kleymann A, Gentzel M, Tilg H, Wielockx B, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M, Göbel A, Rachner TD. Dickkopf1 fuels inflammatory cytokine responses. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1391. [PMID: 36539532 PMCID: PMC9765382 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including cancer, share an inflammatory component but the molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. We report that physiological and pathological Dickkopf1 (DKK1) activity fuels inflammatory cytokine responses in cell models, mice and humans. DKK1 maintains the elevated inflammatory tone of cancer cells and is required for mounting cytokine responses following ligation of toll-like and cytokine receptors. DKK1-controlled inflammation derives from cell-autonomous mechanisms, which involve SOCS3-restricted, nuclear RelA (p65) activity. We translate these findings to humans by showing that genetic DKK1 variants are linked to elevated cytokine production across healthy populations. Finally, we find that genetic deletion of DKK1 but not pharmacological neutralization of soluble DKK1 ameliorates inflammation and disease trajectories in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Collectively, our study identifies a cell-autonomous function of DKK1 in the control of the inflammatory response, which is conserved between malignant and non-malignant cells. Additional studies are required to mechanistically dissect cellular DKK1 trafficking and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Jaschke
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anupam Sinha
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Ledesma Colunga
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maura Hofmann
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kleymann
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Gentzel
- Molecular Analysis - Mass Spectrometry, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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The Immunotherapy and Immunosuppressive Signaling in Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081778. [PMID: 35892678 PMCID: PMC9394279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Initially, it is androgen-dependent, but it eventually develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is incurable with current androgen receptor signaling target therapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy, specifically with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has brought hope for the treatment of this type of prostate cancer. Approaches such as vaccines, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been employed to activate innate and adaptive immune responses to treat prostate cancer, but with limited success. Only Sipuleucel-T and the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of limited prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in which various immunosuppressive molecules and mechanisms coexist and interact. Additionally, prostate cancer is considered a “cold” tumor with low levels of tumor mutational burden, low amounts of antigen-presenting and cytotoxic T-cell activation, and high levels of immunosuppressive molecules including cytokines/chemokines. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppressive signaling activation and immune evasion will help develop more effective treatments for prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging advances in prostate cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to immune evasion in prostate cancer. At the same time, we also highlight some potential therapeutic targets to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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12
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Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Kalashgrani MY, Gholami A, Omidifar N, Babapoor A, Vijayakameswara Rao N, Chiang WH. Recent Advances in Plasma-Engineered Polymers for Biomarker-Based Viral Detection and Highly Multiplexed Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050286. [PMID: 35624587 PMCID: PMC9138656 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a pervasive threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural urban areas. The main causes of such severe diseases are the lack of appropriate analytical methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to limited access to centralized and equipped medical centers for detection. Rapid and accurate diagnosis in biomedicine and healthcare is essential for the effective treatment of pathogenic viruses as well as early detection. Plasma-engineered polymers are used worldwide for viral infections in conjunction with molecular detection of biomarkers. Plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based viral detection are generally inexpensive and offer great potential. For biomarker-based virus detection, plasma-based polymers appear to be potential biological probes and have been used directly with physiological components to perform highly multiplexed analyses simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of multiple clinical parameters from the same sample volume is possible using highly multiplexed analysis to detect human viral infections, thereby reducing the time and cost required to collect each data point. This article reviews recent studies on the efficacy of plasma-engineered polymers as a detection method against human pandemic viruses. In this review study, we examine polymer biomarkers, plasma-engineered polymers, highly multiplexed analyses for viral infections, and recent applications of polymer-based biomarkers for virus detection. Finally, we provide an outlook on recent advances in the field of plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based virus detection and highly multiplexed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (M.Y.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (M.Y.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
| | - Aziz Babapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran;
| | - Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (W.-H.C.)
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13
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Jiang H, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Chu HY, Yu S, Yao S, Zhang G, Zhang BT. Drug Discovery of DKK1 Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847387. [PMID: 35355709 PMCID: PMC8959454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a well-characterized Wnt inhibitor and component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whose dysregulation is associated with multiple abnormal pathologies including osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and various cancers. The Wnt signaling pathway has fundamental roles in cell fate determination, cell proliferation, and survival; thus, its mis-regulation can lead to disease. Although DKK1 is involved in other signaling pathways, including the β-catenin-independent Wnt pathway and the DKK1/CKAP4 pathway, the inhibition of DKK1 to propagate Wnt/β-catenin signals has been validated as an effective way to treat related diseases. In fact, strategies for developing DKK1 inhibitors have produced encouraging clinical results in different pathological models, and many publications provide detailed information about these inhibitors, which include small molecules, antibodies, and nucleic acids, and may function at the protein or mRNA level. However, no systematic review has yet provided an overview of the various aspects of their development and prospects. Therefore, we review the DKK1 inhibitors currently available or under study and provide an outlook on future studies involving DKK1 and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Pan S, Cesarek M, Godoy C, Co CM, Schindler C, Padilla K, Haskell A, Barreda H, Story C, Poole R, Dabney A, Gregory CA. Morpholino-driven blockade of Dkk-1 in osteosarcoma inhibits bone damage and tumour expansion by multiple mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:43-55. [PMID: 35277659 PMCID: PMC9276700 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy. Chemotherapy plays an essential role in OS treatment, potentially doubling 5-year event-free survival if tumour necrosis can be stimulated. The canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) enhances OS survival in part through upregulation of aldehyde-dehydrogenase-1A1 which neutralises reactive oxygen species originating from nutritional stress and chemotherapeutic challenge.
Methods
A vivo morpholino (DkkMo) was employed to block the expression of Dkk-1 in OS cells. Cell mitosis, gene expression and bone destruction were measured in vitro and in vivo in the presence and absence of doxorubicin (DRB).
Results
DkkMo reduced the expression of Dkk-1 and Aldh1a1, reduced expansion of OS tumours, preserved bone volume and architecture and stimulated tumour necrosis. This was observed in the presence or absence of DRB.
Conclusion
These results indicate that administration of DkkMo with or without chemotherapeutics can substantially improve OS outcome with respect to tumour expansion and osteolytic corruption of bone in experimental OS model.
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15
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Koushyar S, Meniel VS, Phesse TJ, Pearson HB. Exploring the Wnt Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:309. [PMID: 35204808 PMCID: PMC8869457 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway is emerging as a frequent event during prostate cancer that can facilitate tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Recent discoveries indicate that targeting the Wnt pathway to treat prostate cancer may be efficacious. However, the functional consequence of activating the Wnt pathway during the different stages of prostate cancer progression remains unclear. Preclinical work investigating the efficacy of targeting Wnt signaling for the treatment of prostate cancer, both in primary and metastatic lesions, and improving our molecular understanding of treatment responses is crucial to identifying effective treatment strategies and biomarkers that help guide treatment decisions and improve patient care. In this review, we outline the type of genetic alterations that lead to activated Wnt signaling in prostate cancer, highlight the range of laboratory models used to study the role of Wnt genetic drivers in prostate cancer, and discuss new mechanistic insights into how the Wnt cascade facilitates prostate cancer growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koushyar
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Valerie S. Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Toby J. Phesse
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
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16
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Klotz DM, Link T, Goeckenjan M, Wimberger P, Poetsch AR, Jaschke N, Hofbauer LC, Göbel A, Rachner TD, Kuhlmann JD. Evaluation of circulating Dickkopf-1 as a prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:109-117. [PMID: 34687595 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein, known for suppressing the differentiation and activity of bone-building osteoblasts by acting as an inhibitor of Wnt-signalling. Soluble DKK1 (sDKK1) has been proposed as prognostic biomarker for a wide range of malignancies, however, clinical relevance of sDKK1 as potential blood-based marker for ovarian cancer is unknown. METHODS sDKK1 levels were quantified in a cohort of 150 clinically documented ovarian cancer patients by a commercially available DKK1 ELISA (Biomedica, Vienna, Austria). RESULTS Median sDKK1 level was significantly elevated at primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer compared to healthy controls (estimated difference (ED) of 7.75 ng/mL (95% CI: 3.01-12.30 ng/mL, p=0.001)). Higher levels of sDKK1 at diagnosis indicated an increased volume of intraoperative malignant ascites (ED 7.08 pmol/L, 95% CI: 1.46-13.05, p=0.02) and predicted suboptimal debulking surgery (ED 6.88 pmol/L, 95% CI: 1.73-11.87, p=0.01). sDKK1 did not correlate with CA125 and higher sDKK1 levels predicted a higher risk of recurrence and poor survival (PFS: HR=0.507, 95% CI: 0.317-0.809; p=0.004; OS: HR=0.561, 95% CI: 0.320-0.986; p=0.044). Prognostic relevance of sDKK1 was partly sustained in wtBRCA patients (PFS: HR=0.507, 95% CI: 0.317-0.809; p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the prognostic relevance of sDKK1 in ovarian cancer patients, including those with wtBRCA 1/2 status. Our data encourage further evaluation of sDKK1 in ovarian cancer patients, possibly in terms of a therapy monitoring marker or a response predictor for sDKK1-directed targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin Klotz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Goeckenjan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna R Poetsch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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17
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Ghosh S, Hazra J, Pal K, Nelson VK, Pal M. Prostate cancer: Therapeutic prospect with herbal medicine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100034. [PMID: 34909665 PMCID: PMC8663990 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. A geographic variation on the burden of the disease suggested that the environment, genetic makeup, lifestyle, and food habits modulate one's susceptibility to the disease. Although it has been generally thought to be an older age disease, and awareness and timely execution of screening programs have managed to contain the disease in the older population over the last decades, the incidence is still increasing in the population younger than 50. Existing treatment is efficient for PCa that is localized and responsive to androgen. However, the androgen resistant and metastatic PCa are challenging to treat. Conventional radiation and chemotherapies are associated with severe side effects in addition to being exorbitantly expensive. Many isolated phytochemicals and extracts of plants used in traditional medicine are known for their safety and diverse healing properties, including many with varying levels of anti-PCa activities. Many of the phytochemicals discussed here, as shown by many laboratories, inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation by interfering with the components in the pathways responsible for the enhanced proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in the prostate cells while upregulating the mechanisms of cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notably, many of these agents simultaneously target multiple cellular pathways. We analyzed the available literature and provided an update on this issue in this review article. Prostate cancer in a major cause of death in older population worldwide. Efficacies of current treatment options are limited in many cases. Phytochemicals and extracts isolated from plants show anti-prostate cancer activity with unique mechanisms. Certain phytochemicals alone or in combination with current chemotherapy show therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vinod K Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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18
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Bley IA, Zwick A, Hans MC, Thieser K, Wagner V, Ludwig N, Khalmurzaev O, Matveev VB, Loertzer P, Pryalukhin A, Hartmann A, Geppert CI, Loertzer H, Wunderlich H, Naumann CM, Kalthoff H, Junker K, Smola S, Lohse S. DKK1 inhibits canonical Wnt signaling in human papillomavirus-positive penile cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101267. [PMID: 34773828 PMCID: PMC8592926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of Wnt pathway associated factors in HPV-positive penile cancer cells. lacking nuclear beta-catenin translocation indicated an actively abrogated Wnt signaling. elevated expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1 in HPV-positive penile cancer cells. DKK1-driven autocrine Wnt pathway inhibition in penile cancer cells. DKK1+ penile cancers are with a higher frequency HPV+, less differentiated and grow more aggressively.
Penile squamous cell cancer (PSCC) is the most frequent penile malignant disease. Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major etiologic driver of PSCC. However, the molecular details of the underlying carcinogenesis are understudied because of rare clinical specimens and missing cell lines. Here, we investigated if the expression of high-risk HPV16 oncogenes causes an augmentation of the Wnt pathway using unique HPV-positive penile cancer (PeCa) cell lines in monolayer and organotypic 3D raft cultures as well as tissue micro arrays containing clinical tissue specimens. The HPV oncoproteins enhanced the expression of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) and the HPV-positive PeCa cells expressed a signature of Wnt target and stemness-associated genes. However, the notable lack of nuclear β-catenin in vitro and in situ raised the question if the enhanced expression of Wnt pathway factors is tantamount to an active Wnt signaling. Subsequent TOP-flash reporter assays revealed Wnt signaling as absent and not inducible by respective Wnt ligands in PeCa cell lines. The HPV-positive PeCa cells and especially HPV-positive PeCa specimens of the tumor core expressed the Wnt antagonist and negative feedback-regulator Dickkopf1 (DKK1). Subsequent neutralization experiments using PeCa cell line-conditioned media demonstrated that DKK1 is capable to impair ligand-induced Wnt signaling. While gene expression analyses suggested an augmented and active canonical Wnt pathway, the respective signaling was inhibited due to the endogenous expression of the antagonist DKK1. Subsequent TMA stainings indicated Dkk1 as linked with HPV-positivity and metastatic disease progression in PeCa suggesting potential as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ariane Bley
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Anabel Zwick
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Muriel Charlotte Hans
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Katrin Thieser
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oybek Khalmurzaev
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Borisovich Matveev
- Department of Urology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Philine Loertzer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Pryalukhin
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Hagen Loertzer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Heiko Wunderlich
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, St. Georg Klinikum, Eisenach, Germany
| | - Carsten Maik Naumann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany.
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19
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Dickkopf Proteins and Their Role in Cancer: A Family of Wnt Antagonists with a Dual Role. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080810. [PMID: 34451907 PMCID: PMC8400703 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway regulates crucial aspects such as cell fate determination, cell polarity and organogenesis during embryonic development. Wnt pathway deregulation is a hallmark of several cancers such as lung, gastric and liver cancer, and has been reported to be altered in others. Despite the general agreement reached by the scientific community on the oncogenic potential of the central components of the pathway, the role of the antagonist proteins remains less clear. Deregulation of the pathway may be caused by overexpression or downregulation of a wide range of antagonist proteins. Although there is growing information related to function and regulation of Dickkopf (DKK) proteins, their pharmacological potential as cancer therapeutics still has not been fully developed. This review provides an update on the role of DKK proteins in cancer and possible potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer; available compounds in pre-clinical or clinical trials are also reviewed.
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20
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Effect of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and SP600125, a JNK Inhibitor, on Wnt Signaling in Canine Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastases. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080153. [PMID: 34437475 PMCID: PMC8402794 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) upregulates a noncanonical Wnt/JNK pathway, resulting in osteoclast stimulation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Ace-1-Dkk-1, a canine prostate cancer (PCa) cell line overexpressing Dkk-1, was used to investigate Wnt signaling pathways in PCa tumor growth. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, was used to examine whether it would decrease tumor growth and bone tumor phenotype in canine PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Ace-1-VectorYFP-Luc and Ace-1-Dkk-1YFP-Luc cells were transplanted subcutaneously, while Ace-1-Dkk-1YFP-Luc was transplanted intratibially into nude mice. The effects of Dkk-1 and SP600125 on cell proliferation, in vivo tumor growth, and bone tumor phenotype were investigated. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt/JNK-related genes were measured using RT-qPCR. Dkk-1 significantly increased the mRNA expression of Wnt/JNK-signaling-related genes. SP600125 significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation genes and downregulated osteoclastic-bone-lysis-related genes in vitro. SP600125 significantly decreased tumor volume and induced spindle-shaped tumor cells in vivo. Mice bearing intratibial tumors had increased radiographic density of the intramedullary new bone, large foci of osteolysis, and increased cortical lysis with abundant periosteal new bone formation. Finally, SP600125 has the potential to serve as an alternative adjuvant therapy in some early-stage PCa patients, especially those with high Dkk-1 expression.
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21
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Kafka A, Bukovac A, Brglez E, Jarmek AM, Poljak K, Brlek P, Žarković K, Njirić N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Methylation Patterns of DKK1, DKK3 and GSK3β Are Accompanied with Different Expression Levels in Human Astrocytoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112530. [PMID: 34064046 PMCID: PMC8196684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes and protein expression levels of negative regulators of Wnt signaling, DKK1, DKK3, and APC as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) and β-catenin in 64 human astrocytomas of grades II-IV. Methylation-specific PCR revealed promoter methylation of DKK1, DKK3, and GSK3β in 38%, 43%, and 18% of samples, respectively. Grade IV comprised the lowest number of methylated GSK3β cases and highest of DKK3. Evaluation of the immunostaining using H-score was performed for β-catenin, both total and unphosphorylated (active) forms. Additionally, active (pY216) and inactive (pS9) forms of GSK3β protein were also analyzed. Spearman's correlation confirmed the prevalence of β-catenin's active form (rs = 0.634, p < 0.001) in astrocytoma tumor cells. The Wilcoxon test revealed that astrocytoma with higher levels of the active pGSK3β-Y216 form had lower expression levels of its inactive form (p < 0.0001, Z = -5.332). Changes in APC's exon 11 were observed in 44.44% of samples by PCR/RFLP. Astrocytomas with changes of APC had higher H-score values of total β-catenin compared to the group without genetic changes (t = -2.264, p = 0.038). Furthermore, a positive correlation between samples with methylated DKK3 promoter and the expression of active pGSK3β-Y216 (rs = 0.356, p = 0.011) was established. Our results emphasize the importance of methylation for the regulation of Wnt signaling. Large deletions of the APC gene associated with increased β-catenin levels, together with oncogenic effects of both β-catenin and GSK3β, are clearly involved in astrocytoma evolution. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of gliomas. Further studies should elucidate the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the observed molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emilija Brglez
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Ana-Marija Jarmek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Karolina Poljak
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Petar Brlek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Kamelija Žarković
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Njirić
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Chu HY, Chen Z, Wang L, Zhang ZK, Tan X, Liu S, Zhang BT, Lu A, Yu Y, Zhang G. Dickkopf-1: A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658097. [PMID: 34093545 PMCID: PMC8174842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in a range of cancers have detected elevated levels of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in the serum or tumors of patients, and this was frequently associated with a poor prognosis. Our analysis of DKK1 gene profile using data from TCGA also proves the high expression of DKK1 in 14 types of cancers. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the cancer-promoting effects of DKK1 in both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models. Furthermore, DKK1 showed the ability to modulate immune cell activities as well as the immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment. Expression level of DKK1 is positively correlated with infiltrating levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in 20 types of cancers, while negatively associated with CD8+ T cells in 4 of these 20 cancer types. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that DKK1 has been involved in T cell differentiation and induction of cancer evasion of immune surveillance by accumulating MDSCs. Consequently, DKK1 has become a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, and the mechanisms of DKK1 affecting cancers and immune cells have received great attention. This review introduces the rapidly growing body of literature revealing the cancer-promoting and immune regulatory activities of DKK1. In addition, this review also predicts that by understanding the interaction between different domains of DKK1 through computational modeling and functional studies, the underlying functional mechanism of DKK1 could be further elucidated, thus facilitating the development of anti-DKK1 drugs with more promising efficacy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhuan Tan
- Department of Microsurgery (II), Wendeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Shandong Province, Wendeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Microsurgery (II), Wendeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Shandong Province, Wendeng, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Gan DX, Wang YB, He MY, Chen ZY, Qin XX, Miao ZW, Chen YH, Li B. Lung Cancer Cells-Controlled Dkk-1 Production in Brain Metastatic Cascade Drive Microglia to Acquire a Pro-tumorigenic Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:591405. [PMID: 33384994 PMCID: PMC7769850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Organotropism is primarily determined by tumor-derived exosomes. To date, the role of lung cancer cells-derived exosomes underlying the pre-metastatic niche formation is unclear. Materials and Methods The animal models of retro-orbital and intra-ventricular injection were constructed to administrate lung cancer cells-derived exosomes. Cytokine array was used to screen the cytokines released from brain endothelium after internalization of lung cancer cells-derived exosomes. The cellular co-culture system was established to mimic microglia-vascular niche contained lung cancer cells-derived exosomes. The levels of Dkk-1 and the activities of microglia were analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. In vivo selections of highly brain metastatic cells were performed to analyze the direct interaction of lung cancer cells with microglia. Results Animal studies demonstrated that there was a suppressive signal transferred from brain endothelium to microglia after internalization of lung cancer cells-derived exosomes into brain endothelium, which caused an absolutely less M1 phenotypic microglia and a relatively more M2 phenotypic microglia. Further results indicated that lung cancer cells-derived exosomes induced a release of endogenous Dkk-1 from brain endothelium, which rendered microglia to acquire a pro-tumorigenic feature in pre-metastatic niche. Subsequently, the declines of Dkk-1 in metastatic lung cancer cells removed the suppression on microglia and enhanced microglial activation in metastatic niche. Conclusion Our findings shed a new light on the synergistic reaction of the different cells in “neurovascular units” toward the metastatic messages from lung cancer cells and provided a potential therapeutic pathway for lung cancer metastasis to brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xue Gan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Singla A, Wang J, Yang R, Geller DS, Loeb DM, Hoang BH. Wnt Signaling in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:125-139. [PMID: 32767238 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt molecules are a class of cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins that participate in various developmental events during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Since its discovery in 1982, the roles of Wnt signaling have been established in various key regulatory systems in biology. Wnt signals exert pleiotropic effects, including mitogenic stimulation, cell fate specification, and differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway in humans has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of disorders including colon cancer, sarcoma, coronary artery disease, tetra-amelia, Mullerian duct regression, eye vascular defects, and abnormal bone mass. The canonical Wnt pathway functions by regulating the function of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin, whereas noncanonical pathways function independent of β-catenin. Although the role of Wnt signaling is well established in epithelial malignancies, its role in mesenchymal tumors is more controversial. Some studies have suggested that Wnt signaling plays a pro-oncogenic role in various sarcomas by driving cell proliferation and motility; however, others have reported that Wnt signaling acts as a tumor suppressor by committing tumor cells to differentiate into a mature lineage. Wnt signaling pathway also plays an important role in regulating cancer stem cell function. In this review, we will discuss Wnt signaling pathway and its role in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David S Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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25
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Wise DR, Schneider JA, Armenia J, Febles VA, McLaughlin B, Brennan R, Thoren KL, Abida W, Sfanos KS, De Marzo AM, Yegnasubramanian S, Fox JJ, Haas M, Heath H, Kagey MH, Newman W, Sirard CA, Fleisher M, Morris MJ, Chen Y, Larson SM, Haffner MC, Nelson PS, Schultz N, Garabedian MJ, Scher HI, Logan SK, Sawyers CL. Dickkopf-1 Can Lead to Immune Evasion in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000097. [PMID: 33015525 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with low androgen receptor (AR) and without neuroendocrine signaling, termed double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), is increasingly prevalent in patients treated with AR signaling inhibitors and is in need of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS Candidate genes enriched in DNPC were determined using differential gene expression analysis of discovery and validation cohorts of mCRPC biopsies. Laboratory studies were carried out in human mCRPC organoid cultures, prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines, and mouse xenograft models. Epigenetic studies were carried out in a rapid autopsy cohort. RESULTS Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) expression is increased in DNPC relative to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-expressing mCRPC in the Stand Up to Cancer/Prostate Cancer Foundation discovery cohort (11.2 v 0.28 reads per kilobase per million mapped reads; q < 0.05; n = 117) and in the University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center cohort (9.2 v 0.99 fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads; P < .0001). DKK1 expression can be regulated by activated Wnt signaling in vitro and correlates with activating canonical Wnt signaling mutations and low PSA mRNA in mCRPC biopsies (P < .05). DKK1 hypomethylation was associated with increased DKK1 mRNA expression (Pearson r = -0.66; P < .0001) in a rapid autopsy cohort (n = 7). DKK1-high mCRPC biopsies are infiltrated with significantly higher numbers of quiescent natural killer (NK) cells (P < .005) and lower numbers of activated NK cells (P < .0005). Growth inhibition of the human PCa model PC3 by the anti-DKK1 monoclonal antibody DKN-01 depends on the presence of NK cells in a severe combined immunodeficient xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION These results support DKK1 as a contributor to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of DNPC. These data have provided the rationale for a clinical trial targeting DKK1 in mCRPC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03837353).
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Wise
- Department of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Joshua Armenia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Victor Adorno Febles
- Department of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ryan Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katie L Thoren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josef J Fox
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Fleisher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Steven M Larson
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, and Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Susan K Logan
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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26
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Gronbach M, Mitrach F, Lidzba V, Müller B, Möller S, Rother S, Salbach-Hirsch J, Hofbauer LC, Schnabelrauch M, Hintze V, Hacker MC, Schulz-Siegmund M. Scavenging of Dickkopf-1 by macromer-based biomaterials covalently decorated with sulfated hyaluronan displays pro-osteogenic effects. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:76-89. [PMID: 32673749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a Wnt inhibitor secreted by bone marrow stromal cells (MSC), is known to play an important role in long-term non-union bone fracture defects and glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. Mitigating its effects in early bone defects could improve osteogenesis and bone defect healing. Here, we applied a biomaterial strategy to deplete a defect environment from DKK1 by scavenging the protein via a macromer-based biomaterial covalently decorated with sulfated hyaluronan (sHA3). The material consisted of cross-copolymerized three-armed macromers with a small anchor molecule. Using the glycidyl anchor, polyetheramine (ED900) could be grafted to the material to which sHA3 was efficiently coupled in a separate step. For thorough investigation of material modification, flat material surfaces were generated by fabricating them on glass discs. The binding capability of sHA3 for DKK1 was demonstrated in this study by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Furthermore, the surfaces demonstrated the ability to scavenge and inactivate pathologic amounts of DKK1 from complex media. In a combinatory approach with Wnt3a, we were able to demonstrate that DKK1 is the preferred binding partner of our sHA3-functionalized surfaces. We validated our findings in a complex in vitro setting of differentiating SaOS-2 cells and primary hMSC. Here, endogenous DKK-1 was scavenged resulting in increased osteogenic differentiation indicating that this is a consistent biological effect irrespective of the model system used. Our study provides insights in the mechanisms and efficiency of sHA3 surface functionalization for DKK1 scavenging, which may be used in a clinical context in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gronbach
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pharmaceutical Technology, Eilenburger Str. 15A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Mitrach
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pharmaceutical Technology, Eilenburger Str. 15A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - V Lidzba
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pharmaceutical Technology, Eilenburger Str. 15A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Müller
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pharmaceutical Technology, Eilenburger Str. 15A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Möller
- INNOVENT e.V., Biomaterials Department, Pruessingstraße 27B, Jena, Germany
| | - S Rother
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - J Salbach-Hirsch
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - L C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Schnabelrauch
- INNOVENT e.V., Biomaterials Department, Pruessingstraße 27B, Jena, Germany
| | - V Hintze
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M C Hacker
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pharmaceutical Technology, Eilenburger Str. 15A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Schulz-Siegmund
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Pharmaceutical Technology, Eilenburger Str. 15A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
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27
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Wang T, Zhang KH. New Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1316. [PMID: 32923383 PMCID: PMC7456927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) followed by effective treatment is currently critical for improving the prognosis and reducing the associated economic burden. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. Based on elevated serum AFP levels as well as typical imaging features, AFP-positive HCC (APHC) can be easily diagnosed, but AFP-negative HCC (ANHC) is not easily detected due to lack of ideal biomarkers and thus mainly reliance on imaging. Imaging for the diagnosis of ANHC is probably insufficient in sensitivity and/or specificity because most ANHC tumors are small and early-stage HCC, and it is involved in sophisticated techniques and high costs. Moreover, ANHC accounts for nearly half of HCC and exhibits a better prognosis compared with APHC. Therefore, the diagnosis of ANHC in clinical practice has been a critical issue for the early treatment and prognosis improvement of HCC. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to discover new biomarkers complementary to AFP for HCC diagnosis. In this review, we systematically review and discuss the recent advances of blood biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, including DNA biomarkers, RNA biomarkers, protein biomarkers, and conventional laboratory metrics, focusing on their diagnostic evaluation alone and in combination, in particular on their diagnostic performance for ANHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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28
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Abstract
As an antagonist for the WNT signal passway, dickkopf-1(DKK1) have a great important role in the occurence and development of various type cancer. The present paper performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive significance of DKK1 in cancer.To assess the relationship between the expression of DKK1 and prognostic role in human cancers, a total of 16 articals were screened from the multiple online databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, CNKI, Web of Science and Google Scholar) in our study. By using the STATA soft,pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence were used to evaluate the strength of this relationship.The meta-analysis showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter OS in cancer patients. In stratified analyzes, the higher expression of DKK1 could reduced the OS in patients with breast cancer,digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer, but not patients with the lung cancer. It also showed that higher expression of DKK1 was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival, disease-free survival and time to recurrence in cancer patients.The present study indicate that higher expression of DKK1 predict an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer, digestive system cancer and urogenital system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Huang
- Department of general medicine of Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital
| | - Tao Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medcine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenbing Kuang
- Department of laboratory of Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital
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Jaschke N, Hofbauer LC, Göbel A, Rachner TD. Evolving functions of Dickkopf-1 in cancer and immunity. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:1-7. [PMID: 32251706 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a well-established inhibitor of canonical Wnt-signaling that critically participates in the regulation of bone formation and has been implicated in the development and progression of bone metastases. While the skeleton was originally considered the sole site of DKK-1 synthesis, it has now become clear that the molecule is also highly expressed in T-cells, platelets and multiple cancer cells. In the past years, several new functions of DKK-1 in angiogenesis, cancer cell biology, immune homeostasis and inflammation have been revealed. These novel insights have paved the way for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of anti-DKK-1 antibodies in a variety of different malignancies, most of which are currently still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the evolution and recent advances in DKK-1 research and highlight clinical implications of the available knowledge on the molecule, especially in cancer. Finally, we emphasize outstanding questions and provide an outlook on potential future studies that will aid in further improving our understanding of the pleiotropic roles of DKK-1 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Jaschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Johansson M, Giger FA, Fielding T, Houart C. Dkk1 Controls Cell-Cell Interaction through Regulation of Non-nuclear β-Catenin Pools. Dev Cell 2019; 51:775-786.e3. [PMID: 31786070 PMCID: PMC6912161 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a secreted Wnt antagonist with a well-established role in head induction during development. Numerous studies have emerged implicating Dkk1 in various malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases through an unknown mechanism. Using zebrafish gastrulation as a model for collective cell migration, we unveil such a mechanism, identifying a role for Dkk1 in control of cell connectivity and polarity in vivo, independent of its known function. We find that Dkk1 localizes to adhesion complexes at the plasma membrane and regions of concentrated actomyosin, suggesting a direct involvement in regulation of local cell adhesion. Our results show that Dkk1 represses cell polarization and integrity of cell-cell adhesion, independently of its impact on β-catenin protein degradation. Concurrently, Dkk1 prevents nuclear localization of β-catenin by restricting its distribution to a discrete submembrane pool. We propose that redistribution of cytosolic β-catenin by Dkk1 concomitantly drives repression of cell adhesion and inhibits β-catenin-dependent transcriptional output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Johansson
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Florence A Giger
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Triona Fielding
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Corinne Houart
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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31
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Borkowetz A, Froehner M, Rauner M, Conrad S, Erdmann K, Mayr T, Datta K, Hofbauer LC, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Fuessel S, Toma M, Muders MH. Neuropilin‐2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer‐specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2619-2627. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Marietta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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32
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de Kruijff IE, Sieuwerts AM, Onstenk W, Kraan J, Smid M, Van MN, van der Vlugt-Daane M, Hoop EOD, Mathijssen RHJ, Lolkema MP, de Wit R, Hamberg P, Meulenbeld HJ, Beeker A, Creemers GJ, Martens JWM, Sleijfer S. Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration and Characterization in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Cabazitaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081212. [PMID: 31434336 PMCID: PMC6721462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Markers identifying which patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will benefit from cabazitaxel therapy are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify markers associated with outcome to cabazitaxel therapy based on counts and gene expression profiles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). (2) Methods: From 120 mCRPC patients, CellSearch enriched CTCs were obtained at baseline and after 6 weeks of cabazitaxel therapy. Furthermore, 91 genes associated with prostate cancer were measured in mRNA of these CTCs. (3) Results: In 114 mCRPC patients with an evaluable CTC count, the CTC count was independently associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis with other commonly used variables associated with outcome in mCRPC (age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, hemoglobin), together with alkaline phosphatase and hemoglobin. A five-gene expression profile was generated to predict for outcome to cabazitaxel therapy. However, even though this signature was associated with OS in univariate analysis, this was not the case in the multivariate analysis for OS nor for PFS. (4) Conclusion: The established five-gene expression profile in CTCs was not independently associated with PFS nor OS. However, along with alkaline phosphatase and hemoglobin, CTC-count is independently associated with PFS and OS in mCRPC patients who are treated with cabazitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg E de Kruijff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Onstenk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai N Van
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle van der Vlugt-Daane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Oomen-de Hoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hielke J Meulenbeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, 7334 DZ Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Aart Beeker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Creemers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catharina Ziekenhuis, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Chae WJ, Bothwell ALM. Dickkopf1: An immunomodulatory ligand and Wnt antagonist in pathological inflammation. Differentiation 2019; 108:33-39. [PMID: 31221431 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays essential roles in tissue or organ homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Upon tissue or organ injury, inflammation is coupled with tissue repair and regeneration process. The canonical Wnt signaling transduction pathway is crucial for cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is a quintessential Wnt antagonist that inhibits the Wnt-mediated tissue repair process. Recent studies reported increased levels of DKK1 in many diseases such as cancer, infection, and musculoskeletal diseases. In many cases, the role of DKK1 has been identified as a pro-inflammatory ligand and the expression levels are associated with poor disease outcomes. A variety of cell types including platelets, endothelial cells, and cancer cells secrete DKK1 upon stimuli. This puts DKK1 in a unique place to view immune responses from multicellular interactions in tissue injury and repair process. In this review, we discuss recent efforts to address the underlying mechanism regarding the pro-inflammatory role of DKK1 in cancer, bone diseases, and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook-Jin Chae
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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34
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Lyros O, Lamprecht AK, Nie L, Thieme R, Götzel K, Gasparri M, Haasler G, Rafiee P, Shaker R, Gockel I. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) promotes tumor growth via Akt-phosphorylation and independently of Wnt-axis in Barrett's associated esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:330-346. [PMID: 30906632 PMCID: PMC6405970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is still associated with poor prognosis, despite modern multi-modal therapies. New molecular markers, which control cell cycle and promote lymph node metastases or tumor growth, may introduce novel target therapies. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted glycoprotein that blocks the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its aberrant expression has been observed in many malignancies, including EAC. In this study, we investigated the biological role of DKK1 in EAC. Analysis of DKK1 and active β-catenin expression in human esophageal tissues confirmed a simultaneous DKK1-overexpression together with aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling in EAC in comparison with Barrett's and healthy mucosa. To elucidate the molecular role of DKK1, the OE33 adenocarcinoma cells, which were found to overexpress DKK1, were subjected to functional and molecular assays following siRNA-mediated DKK1-knockdown. At the functional level, OE33 cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly attenuated by the absence of DKK1. At the molecular level, neither DKK1-knockdown nor application of exogenous recombinant DKK1 were found to alter the baseline β-catenin signaling in OE33 cells. However, DKK1-knockdown significantly abrogated downstream Akt-phosphorylation. On the other hand, the Wnt-agonist, Wnt3a, restored the Akt-phorphorylation in the absence of DKK1, without, however, being able to further stimulate β-catenin transcription. These findings suggest that the β-catenin transcriptional activity in EAC is independent of Wnt3a/DKK1 site-of-action and define an oncogenic function for DKK1 in this type of malignancy via distinct activation of Akt-mediated intracellular pathways and independently of Wnt-axis inhibition. Taken together, DKK1 may present a novel therapeutic target in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University HospitalLeipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Lamprecht
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University HospitalLeipzig, Germany
| | - Linghui Nie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University HospitalLeipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Götzel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University HospitalLeipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Gasparri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - George Haasler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Parvaneh Rafiee
- Department of Surgery of Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reza Shaker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University HospitalLeipzig, Germany
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Min K, Lee SK. EBV miR-BART10-3p Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting DKK1. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:657-667. [PMID: 30745852 PMCID: PMC6367590 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected epithelial cancers, BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) miRNAs are highly expressed. However, only a few target genes of BART miRNAs have been investigated. Our mRNA microarray data showed that DKK1 was markedly down-regulated in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) cells. Using luciferase reporter assay we tested whether miR-BART10-3p regulates DKK1 by directly targeting the 3'-UTR of DKK1 mRNA. We observed that miR-BART10-3p transfection decreased DKK1 expression, while an LNA inhibitor of miR-BART10-3p (LNA-miR-BART10-3p(i)) increased DKK1 expression. Furthermore, miR-BART10-3p and siDKK1 promoted cell proliferation and migration. In contrast, transfecting GC cells with LNA-miR-BART10-3p(i) or DKK1 over expression vector suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggest that miR-BART10-3p may be involved in the tumor progression of EBVaGC by targeting DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Systemic Alterations of Wnt Inhibitors in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1874598. [PMID: 30116403 PMCID: PMC6079590 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1874598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin seem to inhibit osteoblast activity by blocking the Wnt pathway, which leads to progression of metastatic prostate cancer (PC). However, it is unknown whether serum levels of these proteins are altered in PC patients with or without metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 and sclerostin serum levels in PC patients, including patients with bone metastases. Methods The study cohort (N = 143) consisted of 53 controls with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 43 with localized PC (PC cM0), and 47 had PC with metastasis (PC cM1). Serum levels of DKK-1 and sclerostin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis tests; post hoc analysis was performed using the Tukey-Kramer test. Results Mean DKK-1 levels in patients with BPH (2809.4 pg/ml) (p < 0.001) as well as PC cM1 (2575.5 pg/ml) (p = 0.001) were significantly higher than in patients with PC cN0 cM0 (1551.8 pg/ml). Among PC cM1 patients, median DKK-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with castration-resistant disease compared to those with hormone-sensitive PC (p = 0.02); in contrast, sclerostin concentrations were elevated (p = 0.04). DKK-1 correlated with PSA in the cM1 group (p = 0.03) and sclerostin correlated with PSA in the PC group (0.01). Conclusions DKK-1 is involved in the progression of PC. DKK-1-mediated inhibition of osteoblasts, which contributes to tumor progression and osteolytic metastases, may also play a role in the development of metastases with osteoblastic features. The use of DKK-1 antibodies should be considered for studies including metastatic PC patients.
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37
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Negulescu A, Mehlen P. Dependence receptors – the dark side awakens. FEBS J 2018; 285:3909-3924. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana‐Maria Negulescu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory – Equipe labelisée “La Ligue” LabEx DEVweCAN INSERM U1052 – CNRS UMR5286 Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon Centre Léon Bérard Université Claude Bernard Lyon‐1 Université de Lyon France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory – Equipe labelisée “La Ligue” LabEx DEVweCAN INSERM U1052 – CNRS UMR5286 Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon Centre Léon Bérard Université Claude Bernard Lyon‐1 Université de Lyon France
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38
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Kagey MH, He X. Rationale for targeting the Wnt signalling modulator Dickkopf-1 for oncology. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4637-4650. [PMID: 28574171 PMCID: PMC5727329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is a fundamental pathway involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in the pathway frequently lead to developmental defects and cancer. As such, therapeutic intervention of this pathway has generated tremendous interest. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. However, DKK1 appears to increase tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models and its elevated expression correlates with a poor prognosis in a range of cancers, indicating that DKK1 has more complex cellular and biological functions than originally appreciated. Here, we review current evidence for the cancer-promoting activity of DKK1 and recent insights into the effects of DKK1 on signalling pathways in both cancer and immune cells. We discuss the rationale and promise of targeting DKK1 for oncology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi He
- The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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40
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Shao YC, Wei Y, Liu JF, Xu XY. The role of Dickkopf family in cancers: from Bench to Bedside. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1754-1768. [PMID: 28979801 PMCID: PMC5622213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that cancer will be responsible for millions of deaths in one year. Although multiple therapeutic strategies exist, and vast research efforts are being focused on developing newer and better regimens, cancer-related morbidity and mortality remain high. Metastasis and recurrence are prominent causes of treatment failure in cancers. Moreover, early diagnosis and treatment initiation are difficult to achieve in clinical practice. Fortunately, targeted therapy, which exerts its function at the molecular level, has proved to be greatly beneficial in several human diseases including cancers. The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of embryogenesis and development in humans, and its dysfunction has been implicated in the incidence and development of cancers and other diseases. The Dickkopf family (Dkks) is a widely studied Wnt signaling pathway antagonist and plays multiple roles in human physiological and pathological process through both Wnt pathway-dependent and -independent manners. However, the precise roles of Dkks in tumorigenesis and the causal mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. We discuss the pleiotropic roles of Dkks, with a specific focus on the underlying mechanisms, in cancer biology. We review recent literature to explore the potential use of Dkks as a tumor diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Shen L, Wu X, Tan J, Gu M, Teng Y, Wang Z, Yue W. Combined detection of dickkopf-1 subtype classification autoantibodies as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3545-3556. [PMID: 28790847 PMCID: PMC5530063 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s134162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to identify the clinical significance of serum autoantibodies against dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and evaluate their feasibility in the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental design Epitope mapping by peptide microarray-based serum screening of NSCLC patients (n=72) and healthy controls (n=16) was performed. Indirect ELISA with peptides was used to measure the serum levels of autoantibodies in 206 NSCLC patients and 99 healthy controls. A 3-year follow-up was monitored to evaluate the correlation between serological levels of autoantibodies and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Four highly reactive epitopes were identified, which included peptides 67–84 (Pep A), 37–54 (Pep B), 145–156 (Pep C) and 247–261 (Pep D). The autoantibodies levels were considerably higher in sera of NSCLC patients compared with controls (P<0.001), and a highly significant correlation with distant metastases was observed (Pep A: P=0.09, Pep B: P<0.01, Pep C: P<0.01 and Pep D: P<0.01). High levels of antibody subtype to Pep B were remarkably associated with better OS (P=0.004) and PFS (P=0.006). Subsequent Cox regression analysis disclosed that antibody to Pep B was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC (OS: P=0.008, HR =0.435, 95% CI 0.236–0.802; PFS: P=0.032, HR =0.533, 95% CI 0.322–0.950). Conclusion Identified linear epitopes of antigens by peptide microarray are easily available, and subtype classification of DKK1 autoantibodies as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC. Our results also highlight the antibody subtype to Pep B as the most valuable biomarker for favorable prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Ward 2, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Jinjing Tan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute
| | - Yu Teng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Wentao Yue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute.,Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kikuchi A, Fumoto K, Kimura H. The Dickkopf1-cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 axis creates a novel signalling pathway and may represent a molecular target for cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4651-4665. [PMID: 28514532 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein and antagonizes oncogenic Wnt signalling by binding to the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. DKK1 has also been suggested to regulate its own signalling, associated with tumour aggressiveness. However, the underlying mechanism by which DKK1 promotes cancer cell proliferation has remained to be clarified for a long time. The cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, was recently found to act as a novel DKK1 receptor. DKK1 stimulates cancer cell proliferation when CKAP4 is expressed on the cell surface membrane. Although there are no tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of CKAP4, CKAP4 forms a complex with PI3K upon the binding of DKK1, leading to the activation of Akt. Both DKK1 and CKAP4 are frequently expressed in pancreatic and lung tumours, and their simultaneous expression is negatively correlated with prognosis. Knockdown of CKAP4 in cancer cells and treatment of mice with the anti-CKAP4 antibody inhibit Akt activity in cancer cells and suppress xenograft tumour formation, suggesting that CKAP4 may represent a therapeutic target for cancers expressing both DKK1 and CKAP4. This review will provide details of the novel DKK1-CKAP4 signalling axis that promotes cancer proliferation and discuss the possibility of targeting this pathway in future cancer drug development. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Fassio A, Idolazzi L, Viapiana O, Benini C, Vantaggiato E, Bertoldo F, Rossini M, Gatti D. In psoriatic arthritis Dkk-1 and PTH are lower than in rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. Clin Rheumatol 2017. [PMID: 28634697 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is characterized by bone erosive damage often associated with exuberant bone formation especially in enthesial sites. Dkk-1 and sclerostin are the main inhibitors of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and play a key role in the regulation of both bone formation and resorption. We performed this study in order to compare the serum levels of the WNT-pathway regulators along with bone turnover markers (BTM) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) between three different groups: one group of female patients affected by PsA, one group of female patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy female controls (HC). This is a cross-sectional study including 33 patients with PsA classified with the CASPAR criteria, 35 HC, and 28 patients with RA classified with the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria. Intact N-propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), Dickkopf-related-protein 1 (Dkk-1), sclerostin, PTH, and 25OH-vitamin D serum levels were dosed. The PsA group showed significantly lower Dkk-1 levels when compared to the HC and RA groups. Dkk-1 in the RA group was significantly higher than HC. A similar trend was documented for PTH. In the PsA group, CTX-I was found to be lower than in both the RA and HC groups. This study demonstrated for the first time that Dkk-1 levels in PsA are lower than HC, in contrast with RA, in which they are increased. These results might contribute to explain the different bone involvement of the two different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Fassio
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Idolazzi
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Ombretta Viapiana
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Benini
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vantaggiato
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gatti
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale A. Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Qiao R, Zhong R, Chang Q, Teng J, Pei J, Han B, Chu T. Serum dickkopf-1 as a clinical and prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79469-79479. [PMID: 29108326 PMCID: PMC5668059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was designed to evaluate the association between serum dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) bone metastases. Materials and Methods Serum DKK1 levels were quantified in 470 NSCLC patients, 140 with osseous metastases, 178 with extraosseous metastases, and 152 with early stage in complete remission. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve enabled us to identify a threshold value to distinguish patients with bone metastases. Results Serum DKK1 levels in patients with osseous metastases were significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.001). ROC curves showed that the optimum cutoff was 311.8 pg/ml (area under curve 0.791, 95% confidence interval 0.739–0.843, sensitivity 77.1% and specificity 71.4%). Of interest, serum DKK1 correlated with the number of bone lesions (P = 0.042) and associated with the poor survival in NSCLC patients with osseous metastases (P = 0.029). Conclusions Our data shows that serum DKK1 can be used for the detection of NSCLC bone metastases. More importantly this is the first report to show that serum DKK1 is a good predictor of poor prognosis in NSCLC patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Teng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Manca P, Pantano F, Iuliani M, Ribelli G, De Lisi D, Danesi R, Del Re M, Vincenzi B, Tonini G, Santini D. Determinants of bone specific metastasis in prostate cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 112:59-66. [PMID: 28325265 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common type of cancer in Western countries. Although the majority of patients with PCa have a minimally aggressive disease, some of them will experience relapse and formation of metastasis. Bone metastasis are a major cause of quality of life impairment and death among patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Different "bone targeted therapies" and several follow-up strategies were developed in order to optimize bone metastasis prevention and treatment. Nevertheless there is still a great clinical need of identifying patients more likely to benefit from those interventions as not all patients will develop metastatic disease and not all patients with metastatic disease will develop bone metastasis. Here we review markers predictive of bone metastasis occurrence that have been tested in clinical settings, particularly focusing on the ability of such markers to predict bone metastasis over visceral metastasis occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Manca
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ribelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Delia De Lisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Kim TH, Chang JS, Park KS, Park J, Kim N, Lee JI, Kong ID. Effects of exercise training on circulating levels of Dickkpof-1 and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 in breast cancer survivors: A pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171771. [PMID: 28178355 PMCID: PMC5298304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wingless and integration site growth factor (Wnt) signaling is a tumorigenesis-related signaling pathway. Dickkpof-1 (DKK1) and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1) are endogenous negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that higher serum levels of DKK1 are correlated with poor prognosis of various types of cancer. Here, we investigated whether exercise training causes changes in the serum levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 in patients with breast cancer. Methods Twenty-four breast cancer survivors, after chemo- or radiotherapy, participated in this single-blind randomized, controlled pilot study. Subjects were randomized to either an exercise program or a control group for 12 weeks and completed pre- and post-training tests for health-related fitness and body composition as well as blood biomarkers. The serum levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as the primary outcome. Results Exercise training for 12 weeks remarkably increased muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility and decreased body fat percentage, waist circumference, and visceral fat area (all p < 0.05). Exercise training lowered serum insulin levels and leptin/adiponectin ratios (all p < 0.05). The levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 were also significantly decreased by exercise training in breast cancer survivors (all p < 0.01). Conclusions Our results indicate that DKK1 and SFRP1 may be potentially useful biomarkers for evaluating the beneficial effects of long-term exercise on physical fitness and metabolism as well as the prognosis of patients with cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02895178
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Park
- Department of Nursing Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, Keimyung University College of Nursing, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Jia X, Li N, Peng C, Deng Y, Wang J, Deng M, Lu M, Yin J, Zheng G, Liu H, He Z. miR-493 mediated DKK1 down-regulation confers proliferation, invasion and chemo-resistance in gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7044-54. [PMID: 26799283 PMCID: PMC4872767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated that the levels of DKK1 were decreased in serums and tissues of GC. DKK1 levels inversely correlated with tumor class, TNM stage, distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis of GC. GC patients with low DKK1 levels had a poor overall survival. DKK1 inhibited the proliferation of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. DKK1 also inhibited invasion, but enhanced chemo-sensitivity of GC cells. Mechanically, miR-493 levels increased in GC and directly targeted and down-regulated DKK1 expression. In agreement, miR-493 promoted proliferation of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. MiR-493 also promoted invasion and chemo-resistance of GC cells. However, DKK1 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-493 on proliferation, invasion and chemo-sensitivity. Thus, our results provide new insight for the role of miR-493/DKK1 axis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jia
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingen Deng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Deng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Minying Lu
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Yin
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, China
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Van Hees S, Michielsen P, Vanwolleghem T. Circulating predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8271-8282. [PMID: 27729734 PMCID: PMC5055858 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients have an almost 100-fold increased risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer worldwide. Up to 50% of newly diagnosed HCC cases are attributed to HBV infection. Early detection improves survival and can be achieved through regular screening. Six-monthly abdominal ultrasound, either alone or in combination with alpha-fetoprotein serum levels, has been widely endorsed for this purpose. Both techniques however yield limited diagnostic accuracy, which is not improved when they are combined. Alternative circulating or histological markers to predict or diagnose HCC are therefore urgently needed. Recent advances in systems biology technologies have enabled the identification of several new putative circulating biomarkers. Although results from studies assessing combinations of these biomarkers are promising, evidence for their clinical utility remains low. In addition, most of the studies conducted so far show limitations in design. Attention must be paid for instance to different ethnicities and different etiologies when studying biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. This review provides an overview on the current understandings and recent progress in the field of diagnostic and predictive circulating biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected HBV patients and discusses the future prospects.
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Mazon M, Masi D, Carreau M. Modulating Dickkopf-1: A Strategy to Monitor or Treat Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8070062. [PMID: 27367730 PMCID: PMC4963804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist involved in embryogenesis. It was first described 25 years ago for its function in head induction and limb morphogenesis. Since then, this protein has been widely studied in the context of active Wnt/β-catenin signalling during cellular differentiation and development. Dysregulation of DKK1 has been associated with bone pathologies and has now emerged as a potential biomarker of cancer progression and prognosis for several types of malignancies. Reducing the amount of circulating DKK1 may reveal a simple and efficient strategy to limit or reverse cancer growth. This review will provide an overview of the role of Dickkopf-1 in cancer and explore its potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélody Mazon
- CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, RC-9800, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Delphine Masi
- CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, RC-9800, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Madeleine Carreau
- CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, RC-9800, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Wang JH, Zhang Y, Li HY, Liu YY, Sun T. Dickkopf-1 negatively regulates the expression of osteoprotegerin, a key osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, by sequestering Lrp6 in primary and metastatic lytic bone lesions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3767. [PMID: 27310953 PMCID: PMC4998439 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, an inverse role for Wnt signaling in the development of osteoclasts in the bone was demonstrated. In the present study, we examined whether there is a commonality in the mechanism of bone resorption and lysis that occur in a diverse set of bone metastatic lesions, as well as in primary bone lesions. Compared with control bone tissue and bone biopsies from patients with nonmetastatic primary tumors (i.e., breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and prostate carcinoma), patients with bone metastatic lesions from the three aforementioned primary tumors, as well as osteolytic lesions obtained from the bone biopsies of patients with multiple myeloma, demonstrated an upregulated expression of the glycoprotein Dickkopf-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, by coimmunoprecipitation, Dickkopf-1 pulled-down low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6), which is a key downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of Lrp6 was unaltered in the osteometastatic lesions. This negative regulation was associated with a lowered expression of osteoprotegerin in the osteometastatic lesions, an observation that was previously reported to promote osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide a common mechanism for the inverse relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and the development of primary or metastatic bone lesions. Pharmacological modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway might benefit the clinical management of primary and metastatic bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hang Wang
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Yan Liu
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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