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Fang S, Yang Y, Tao J, Yin Z, Liu Y, Duan Z, Liu W, Wang S. Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Fibrosarcoma Xenograft Models: Whole-Tumor Histogram Analysis of DWI and IVIM. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2299-2308. [PMID: 36481126 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL AND OBJECTIVE To explore the correlations of histogram parameters from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with the heterogeneous features in a nude mouse model of fibrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 fibrosarcoma xenograft models were established by inoculating HT-1080 cells on the right thigh of mice and subjected tumors to DWI and IVIM imaging with 3.0 T MRI. Whole-tumor histogram parameters were calculated on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f). Heterogeneous features, including necrosis rate, cell density, Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and microvascular density (MVD) were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were performed. RESULTS The 90th percentile, skewness and kurtosis of ADC and D histograms showed correlations with necrosis rate, and the highest correlation coefficient was found for D90th (r = 0.485). ADC and D histogram parameters showed correlations with cell density and Ki-67 LI; D90th showed the highest correlation coefficient with cell density (r = -0.504); and Dmedian showed the most significant correlation with Ki-67 LI (r = -0.525). D*skewness, D*kurtosis, D*90th, fmean, and fmedian showed correlations with MVD. ADC90th, ADCskewness, ADCkurtosis, D90th, and Dskewness showed significant differences between the low necrosis and high necrosis groups, and the combination model showed the best diagnostic ability (AUC = 0.882), with 97% sensitivity, and 72.7% specificity. CONCLUSION Whole-tumor histogram parameters of DWI and IVIM were correlated with heterogeneous features in nude murine models of fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Fang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yin
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Zhiqing Duan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China.
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Yang Y, Fang S, Tao J, Liu Y, Wang C, Yin Z, Chen B, Duan Z, Liu W, Wang S. Correlation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient With Proliferation and Apoptotic Indexes in a Murine Model of Fibrosarcoma: Comparison of Four Methods for MRI Region of Interest Positioning. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 57:1406-1413. [PMID: 35864603 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has demonstrated great potential in predicting the expression of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes. PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of four region of interest (ROI) methods on interobserver variability and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to examine the correlation of ADC values with Ki-67, Bcl-2, and P53 labeling indexes (LIs) in a murine model of fibrosarcoma. STUDY TYPE Prospective, animal model. ANIMAL MODEL A total of 22 female BALB/c mice bearing intramuscular fibrosarcoma xenografts. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T/T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE), T2-weighted fast relaxation fast spin-echo, and DWI PROPELLER FSE sequences. ASSESSMENT Four radiologists measured ADC values using four ROI methods (oval, freehand, small-sample, and whole-volume). Immunohistochemical assessment of Ki-67, Bcl-2, and P53 LIs was performed. STATISTICAL TESTS Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), one-way analysis of variance followed by LSD-t post hoc analysis, and Pearson correlation test were performed. The statistical threshold was defined as a P-value of <0.05. RESULTS All ROI methods for ADC measurements showed excellent interobserver agreement (ICC range, 0.832-0.986). The ADC values demonstrated significant differences among the four ROI methods. The ADC values for oval, freehand, small-sample, and whole-volume ROI methods showed a moderately negative correlation with Ki-67 (r = -0.623; r = -0.629; r = -0.642, and r = -0.431) and Bcl-2 (r = -0.590; r = -0.597; r = -0.659, and r = -0.425) LIs, but no correlation with P53 LI (r = 0.364, P = 0.104; r = 0.350, P = 0.120; r = 0.379, P = 0.091; r = 0.390, P = 0.080). DATA CONCLUSION The ADC value can be used to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes in a murine model of fibrosarcoma, employing the small-sample ROI as a reliable method. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Fang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Yin
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Duan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Gasic I, Boswell SA, Mitchison TJ. Tubulin mRNA stability is sensitive to change in microtubule dynamics caused by multiple physiological and toxic cues. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000225. [PMID: 30964857 PMCID: PMC6474637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization, mass, and dynamics of microtubules are important in many processes. Cells may actively monitor the state of their microtubules and respond to perturbation, but how this occurs outside mitosis is poorly understood. We used gene-expression analysis in quiescent cells to analyze responses to subtle and strong perturbation of microtubules. Genes encoding α-, β, and γ-tubulins (TUBAs, TUBBs, and TUBGs), but not δ- or ε-tubulins (TUBDs or TUBEs), exhibited the strongest differential expression response to microtubule-stabilizing versus destabilizing drugs. Quantitative PCR of exon versus intron sequences confirmed that these changes were caused by regulation of tubulin mRNA stability and not transcription. Using tubulin mRNA stability as a signature to query the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we find that tubulin genes respond to toxins known to damage microtubules. Importantly, we find many other experimental perturbations, including multiple signaling and metabolic inputs that trigger tubulin differential expression, suggesting their novel, to our knowledge, role in the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Mechanistic follow-up confirms that one important physiological signal, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, indeed regulates tubulin mRNA stability via changes in microtubule dynamics. We propose that tubulin gene expression is regulated as part of many coordinated biological responses, with wide implications in physiology and toxicology. Furthermore, we present a new way to discover microtubule regulation using transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gasic
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Boswell
- Department of Systems Biology, Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Taymaz-Nikerel H, Karabekmez ME, Eraslan S, Kırdar B. Doxorubicin induces an extensive transcriptional and metabolic rewiring in yeast cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13672. [PMID: 30209405 PMCID: PMC6135803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs used against solid tumors in the treatment of several cancer types. Two different mechanisms, (i) intercalation of doxorubicin into DNA and inhibition of topoisomerase II leading to changes in chromatin structure, (ii) generation of free radicals and oxidative damage to biomolecules, have been proposed to explain the mode of action of this drug in cancer cells. A genome-wide integrative systems biology approach used in the present study to investigate the long-term effect of doxorubicin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells indicated the up-regulation of genes involved in response to oxidative stress as well as in Rad53 checkpoint sensing and signaling pathway. Modular analysis of the active sub-network has also revealed the induction of the genes significantly associated with nucleosome assembly/disassembly and DNA repair in response to doxorubicin. Furthermore, an extensive re-wiring of the metabolism was observed. In addition to glycolysis, and sulfate assimilation, several pathways related to ribosome biogenesis/translation, amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, de novo IMP biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism were significantly repressed. Pentose phosphate pathway, MAPK signaling pathway biological processes associated with meiosis and sporulation were found to be induced in response to long-term exposure to doxorubicin in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Taymaz-Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060, Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Erkan Karabekmez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34000, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Hospital, Diagnosis Centre for Genetic Disorders, Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Kırdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
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Salzano G, Costa DF, Sarisozen C, Luther E, Mattheolabakis G, Dhargalkar PP, Torchilin VP. Mixed Nanosized Polymeric Micelles as Promoter of Doxorubicin and miRNA-34a Co-Delivery Triggered by Dual Stimuli in Tumor Tissue. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4837-4848. [PMID: 27432595 PMCID: PMC5157154 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dual stimuli-sensitive mixed polymeric micelles (MM) are developed for co-delivery of the endogenous tumor suppressor miRNA-34a and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) into cancer cells. The novelty of the system resides in two stimuli-sensitive prodrugs, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive Dox conjugate and a reducing agent (glutathione, GSH)-sensitive miRNA-34a conjugate, self-assembled in a single particle decorated with a polyethylene glycol corona for longevity, and a cell-penetrating peptide (TATp) for enhanced intracellular delivery. The MMP2-sensitivity of the system results in threefold higher cytotoxicity in MMP2-overexpressing HT1080 cells compared to low MMP2-expressing MCF7 cells. Cellular internalization of Dox increases by more than 70% after inclusion of TATp to the formulation. MMP2-sensitive MM also inhibits proliferation and migration of HT1080 cells. Moreover, GSH-sensitive MM allows for an efficient downregulation of Bcl2, survivin, and notch1 (65%, 55%, and 46%, respectively) in HT1080 cells. Combination of both conjugates in dual sensitive MM reduces HT1080 cell viability to 40% and expression of Bcl2 and survivin. Finally, 50% cell death is observed in 3D models of tumor mass. The results confirm the potential of the MM to codeliver miRNA-34a and doxorubicin triggered by dual stimuli inherent of tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Salzano
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel F Costa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ed Luther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pooja P Dhargalkar
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Shodeinde A, Ginjupalli K, Lewis HD, Riaz S, Barton BE. STAT3 Inhibition Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Independent of STAT1 or STAT2. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 2:18-26. [PMID: 25364701 PMCID: PMC4215738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) were originally discovered as mediators of signal transduction. Persistent aberrant activation of STAT3 is part of the malignant phenotype of hormone-refractory prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer; this is thought to be mediated by homodimers of phosphorylated STAT3, which translocate to the nucleus. One consequence of persistently-activated STAT3 in malignant cells is that they depend upon it for survival. STAT3 is observed to heterodimerize with STAT1 and STAT2; however the contributions of STAT3:STAT1 and STAT3:STAT2 heterodimers to the survival of malignant cells have not been investigated in detail. Previously we reported that single-stranded oligonucleotides containing consensus STAT3 binding sequences (13410 and 13411) were more effective for inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells than antisense STAT3 oligonucleotides. Control oligonucleotides (scrambled sequences) had no effect. STAT3-inhibiting oligonucleotide 13410, but not scrambled-sequence oligonucleotides, induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells as well. Here we report that 13410 and derivative olignucleotides induced apoptosis in STAT1-null and STAT2-null fibrosarcoma cell lines U3A and U6A, as well as in the parental fibrosarcoma cell line 2fTGH. The cell lines expressed constitutively-activated STAT3 and depended on its activity for survival. Forty-eight hr after transfection of 13410 or related oligonucleotides, significant apoptosis was observed in 2fTGH, U3A and U6A cells. Scrambled-sequence oligonucleotides had no effect on survival. These data indicate that neither STAT1 nor STAT2 play significant roles in the maintenance of these cells, and by extension that STAT3:STAT1 and STAT3:STAT2 heterodimers regulate a different set of genes from STAT3:STAT3 homodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetola Shodeinde
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Kalyani Ginjupalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - H. Dan Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Sheraz Riaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Beverly E. Barton
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
- Veterans Administration – New Jersey Health Care System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ 07018, United States
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Mine T, Matsueda S, Gao H, Li Y, Wong KK, Peoples GE, Ferrone S, Ioannides CG. Created Gli-1 duplex short-RNA (i-Gli-RNA) eliminates CD44 Hi progenitors of taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:1537-43. [PMID: 20428807 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch and Hedgehog activate cell-cycle progression of adult and cancer stem cells. Notch is activated by DLL and Jag presents on neighboring cells. We investigated the effects of density of the Notch-activating ligand, Jag-1, and targeting Gli-1, in activation of division of paclitaxel/taxol-resistant, (PTX Res) ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 (SKOV3). We used the specific gamma-presenilin inhibitor, DAPT, to identify the specificity of activating signals for Notch-1 and created 'butterfly-duplex-3548-Gli-1-inhibitory RNA' (i-Gli-1.RNA) to inhibit cell division. To accurately quantify kinetics of division, the expression of CD44 and CD24 was determined in each gated population of divided cells. CD44 High proliferated when activated by Jag-1 Low and poorly when activated by Jag-1 High. DAPT inhibited proliferation of cells activated by Jag-1 Low, and increased proliferation of cells activated by Jag-1 High. Only 5-10% of cells activated by Jag-1 High and Jag-1 Low divided fast, polynomial, and symmetric. i-Gli-1.RNA eliminated more than 50% of the small CD44 High/CD24 Neg cells in divisions 3 and 4. This effect appeared specific compared with cells transfected with negative control siRNA. i-Gli-1.RNA had no effect on large CD44 High/CD24 Neg cells, but inhibited the population of CD44 High/CD24 Low cells. Expansion of CD44 High inversely correlated with Jag-1 density on activating autologous tumor and fibrosarcoma cells. Created i-RNAs may decrease the resting CSC pool. Notch and Gli-1 signals play an important role in proliferation/division and survival of cancer stem cells. Targeting Notch-1 through its enhancer Gl-1, should be significant for novel treatments to eliminate taxol-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC). i.Gli-1 RNA should be more effective if used together with Taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mine
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Adepoju LJ, Geiger JD. Antitumor activity of polyuridylic acid in human soft tissue and bone sarcomas. J Surg Res 2010; 164:e107-14. [PMID: 20828720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulatory properties of polyuridylic acid (PolyU) make it a promising agent in cancer immunotherapy. However, there is limited information on its direct effects on tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLR8 mRNA and protein expression in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and bone sarcoma (BS) cell lines were determined by PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis and proliferation assays were performed using annexin V staining and BrdU incorporation assays, respectively. A relative cell enumeration was evaluated with WST-1 reagent. Expression levels of apoptotic proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS We demonstrate that PolyU treatment resulted in a significant decrease in STS and BS cell count by inducing apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. All cell lines examined expressed TLR8 and the effect of PolyU was partially mediated through TLR8. Several apoptotic proteins including caspases were activated or increased in STS cells after treatment with PolyU. Administration PolyU resulted in significant growth inhibition of STS without any observable adverse effects in mouse xenograft tumor models. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate the effect of PolyU in STS and BS cells and demonstrate that PolyU may be a potential therapeutic agent for STS and BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Adepoju
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Aguiar S, da Cunha IW, Lopes A. Genomic expression, chemotherapy response, and molecular targets in soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: promising strategies for treatment selection. J Surg Oncol 2010; 101:92-6. [PMID: 19834919 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy in soft tissue sarcomas is still controversial, especially in regards to the use of chemotherapy. The identification of predictive factors is crucial to avoid the use of chemotherapy in patients with tumors that carry genetic characteristics associated with resistance. Focusing on gene expression data, we performed a review of the actual state of knowledge in molecular predictive factors for chemotherapy response and new targets of therapy in extremity sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Walia V, Ding M, Kumar S, Nie D, Premkumar LS, Elble RC. hCLCA2 Is a p53-Inducible Inhibitor of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6624-32. [PMID: 19654313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
hCLCA2 is frequently down-regulated in breast cancer and is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. We show here that the hCLCA2 gene is strongly induced by p53 in response to DNA damage. Adenoviral expression of p53 induces hCLCA2 in a variety of breast cell lines. Further, we find that p53 binds to consensus elements in the hCLCA2 promoter and mutation of these sites abolishes p53-responsiveness and induction by DNA damage. Adenoviral transduction of hCLCA2 into immortalized cells induces p53, CDK inhibitors p21 and p27, and cell cycle arrest by 24 hours, and caspase induction and apoptosis by 40 hours postinfection. Transduction of the malignant tumor cell line BT549 on the other hand does not induce p53, p21, or p27 but instead induces apoptosis directly and more rapidly. Knockout and knockdown studies indicate that growth inhibition and apoptosis are signaled via multiple pathways. Conversely, suppression of hCLCA2 by RNA interference enhances proliferation of MCF10A and reduces sensitivity to doxorubicin. Gene expression profiles indicate that hCLCA2 levels are strongly predictive of tumor cell sensitivity to doxorubicin and other chemotherapeutics. Because certain Cl(-) channels are proposed to promote apoptosis by reducing intracellular pH, we tested whether, and established that, hCLCA2 enhances Cl(-) current in breast cancer cells and reduces pH to approximately 6.7. These results reveal hCLCA2 as a novel p53-inducible growth inhibitor, explain how its down-regulation confers a survival advantage to tumor cells, and suggest both prognostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Walia
- Department of Pharmacology, SimmonsCooper Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
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11
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Daigeler A, Brenzel C, Bulut D, Geisler A, Hilgert C, Lehnhardt M, Steinau HU, Flier A, Steinstraesser L, Klein-Hitpass L, Mittelkötter U, Uhl W, Chromik AM. TRAIL and Taurolidine induce apoptosis and decrease proliferation in human fibrosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2008; 27:82. [PMID: 19077262 PMCID: PMC2635882 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated soft tissue sarcoma still represents a therapeutic dilemma because effective cytostatics are missing. Therefore we tested TRAIL and Tarolidine (TRD), two substances with apoptogenic properties on human fibrosarcoma (HT1080). METHODS Viability, apoptosis and necrosis were visualized by TUNEL-Assay and quantitated by FACS analysis (Propidiumiodide/AnnexinV staining). Gene expression was analysed by RNA-Microarray and the results validated for selected genes by rtPCR. Protein level changes were documented by Western Blot analysis. NFKB activity was analysed by ELISA and proliferation assays (BrdU) were performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The single substances TRAIL and TRD induced apoptotic cell death and decreased proliferation in HT1080 cells significantly. Gene expression of several genes related to apoptotic pathways (TRAIL: ARHGDIA, NFKBIA, TNFAIP3; TRD: HSPA1A/B, NFKBIA, GADD45A, SGK, JUN, MAP3K14) was changed. The combination of TRD and TRAIL significantly increased apoptotic cell death compared to the single substances and lead to expression changes in a variety of genes (HSPA1A/B, NFKBIA, PPP1R15A, GADD45A, AXL, SGK, DUSP1, JUN, IRF1, MYC, BAG5, BIRC3). NFKB activity assay revealed an antipodal regulation of the several subunits of NFKB by TRD and TRD+TRAIL compared to TRAIL alone. CONCLUSION TRD and TRAIL are effective to induce apoptosis and decrease proliferation in human fibrosarcoma. A variety of genes seems to be involved, pointing to the NFKB pathway as key regulator in TRD/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Center, Hand Center, Sarcoma Reference Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Daigeler A, Klein-Hitpass L, Chromik MA, Müller O, Hauser J, Homann HH, Steinau HU, Lehnhardt M. Heterogeneous in vitro effects of doxorubicin on gene expression in primary human liposarcoma cultures. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:313. [PMID: 18959781 PMCID: PMC2585096 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is considered one of the most potent established chemotherapeutics in the treatment of liposarcoma; however, the response rates usually below 30%, are still disappointing. This study was performed to identify gene expression changes in liposarcoma after doxorubicin treatment. METHODS Cells of 19 primary human liposarcoma were harvested intraoperatively and brought into cell culture. Cells were incubated with doxorubicin for 24 h, RNA was isolated and differential gene expression was analysed by the microarray technique. RESULTS A variety of genes involved in apoptosis were up and down regulated in different samples revealing a heterogeneous expression pattern of the 19 primary tumor cell cultures in response to doxorubicin treatment. However, more than 50% of the samples showed up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as TRAIL Receptor2, CDKN1A, GADD45A, FAS, CD40, PAWR, NFKBIA, IER3, PSEN1, RIPK2, and CD44. The anti-apoptotic genes TNFAIP3, PEA15, Bcl2A1, NGFB, and BIRC3 were also up-regulated. The pro-apoptotic CD14, TIA1, and ITGB2 were down-regulated in more than 50% of the tumor cultures after treatment with doxorubicin, as was the antiapoptotic YWHAH. CONCLUSION Despite a correlation of the number of differentially regulated genes to the tumor grading and to a lesser extent histological subtype, the expression patterns varied strongly; however, especially among high grade tumors the responses of selected apoptosis genes were similar. The predescribed low clinical response rates of low grade liposarcoma to doxorubicin correspond to our results with only little changes on gene expression level and also divergent findings concerning the up- and down-regulation of single genes in the different sarcoma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Center, Hand surgery, Sarcoma Reference Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Sivachenko AY, Yuryev A. Pathway analysis software as a tool for drug target selection, prioritization and validation of drug mechanism. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:411-21. [PMID: 17298298 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges of drug discovery today is the poor understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying both disease progression and drug action. Insufficient drug specificity and side effects are often discovered during the late stages of drug development, sometimes after the drug is released on the market. These discoveries result in a high target attrition rate, a slow drug design pipeline and high development costs. Recent advances in systems biology and pathway analysis can help make true rational design a reality through the integration of experimental observations with underlying cellular regulation and metabolic networks. It should enable the formulation of better and more informed testable hypotheses with regard to the most efficient target candidates. In this article, the authors overview the broad and heterogeneous field of molecular interaction databases and pathway analysis tools, and the challenges existing in the field. The authors describe and classify different approaches for data acquisition, storage and navigation, give a detailed description of the integrative technology behind the Pathway Studio software solution, and present a comparison with other integrative pathway analysis platforms suitable for drug discovery tasks.
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