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Jafari A, Farahani M, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Manzari-Tavakoli A, Yazdani M, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Unveiling diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer: biomarker discovery through proteomics approaches and exploring the role of cervical cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1277772. [PMID: 38328436 PMCID: PMC10847843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1277772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major global health problem and leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Early detection through screening programs has reduced mortality; however, screening compliance remains low. Identifying non-invasive biomarkers through proteomics for diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment could improve patient outcomes. Here we review recent proteomics studies which have uncovered biomarkers and potential drug targets for CC. Additionally, we explore into the role of cervical cancer stem cells and their potential implications in driving CC progression and therapy resistance. Although challenges remain, proteomics has the potential to revolutionize the field of cervical cancer research and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Farahani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Manzari-Tavakoli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rayan Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Toyohara Y, Taguchi A, Ishii Y, Yoshimoto D, Yamazaki M, Matsunaga H, Nakatani K, Hoshi D, Tsuchimochi S, Kusakabe M, Baba S, Kawata A, Ikemura M, Tanikawa M, Sone K, Uchino‐Mori M, Ushiku T, Takeyama H, Oda K, Kawana K, Hippo Y, Osuga Y. Identification of target cells of human papillomavirus 18 using squamocolumnar junction organoids. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:125-138. [PMID: 37996972 PMCID: PMC10823277 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) is a highly malignant HPV genotype among high-risk HPVs, characterized by the difficulty of detecting it in precancerous lesions and its high prevalence in adenocarcinomas. The cellular targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its infection remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the cells targeted by HPV18 and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HPV18 replication. Initially, we established a lentiviral vector (HPV18LCR-GFP vector) containing the HPV18 long control region promoter located upstream of EGFP. Subsequently, HPV18LCR-GFP vectors were transduced into patient-derived squamocolumnar junction organoids, and the presence of GFP-positive cells was evaluated. Single-cell RNA sequencing of GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells was conducted. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed that 169 and 484 genes were significantly upregulated in GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells, respectively. Pathway analysis showed that pathways associated with cell cycle and viral carcinogenesis were upregulated in GFP-positive cells, whereas keratinization and mitophagy/autophagy-related pathways were upregulated in GFP-negative cells. siRNA-mediated luciferase reporter assay and HPV18 genome replication assay validated that, among the upregulated genes, ADNP, FHL2, and NPM3 were significantly associated with the activation of the HPV18 early promoter and maintenance of the HPV18 genome. Among them, NPM3 showed substantially higher expression in HPV-related cervical adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas, and NPM3 knockdown of HPV18-infected cells downregulated stem cell-related genes. Our new experimental model allows us to identify novel genes involved in HPV18 early promoter activities. These molecules might serve as therapeutic targets in HPV18-infected cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Toyohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Human Single Cell Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI‐IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ishii
- Pathogen Genomics CenterNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Miki Yamazaki
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
- Computational Bio Big‐Data Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroko Matsunaga
- Research organization for Nano and Life InnovationWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuma Nakatani
- Department of Molecular CarcinogenesisChiba Cancer Center Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Daisuke Hoshi
- Department of Oncologic PathologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaJapan
| | - Saki Tsuchimochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Misako Kusakabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mayuyo Uchino‐Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
- Computational Bio Big‐Data Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan
- Research organization for Nano and Life InnovationWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular CarcinogenesisChiba Cancer Center Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Bai N, Adeshina Y, Bychkov I, Xia Y, Gowthaman R, Miller SA, Gupta AK, Johnson DK, Lan L, Golemis EA, Makhov PB, Xu L, Pillai MM, Boumber Y, Karanicolas J. Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2395172. [PMID: 36711552 PMCID: PMC9882606 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2395172/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and thus underlie many important biological processes. Here, we developed a strategy that entails extracting a "hotspot pharmacophore" from the structure of a protein-RNA complex, to create a template for designing small-molecule inhibitors and for exploring the selectivity of the resulting inhibitors. We demonstrate this approach by designing inhibitors of Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2, key regulators of mRNA stability and translation that are upregulated in many cancers. We report this novel series of MSI1/MSI2 inhibitors is specific and active in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. This study extends the paradigm of "hotspots" from protein-protein complexes to protein-RNA complexes, supports the "druggability" of RNA-binding protein surfaces, and represents one of the first rationally-designed inhibitors of non-enzymatic RNA-binding proteins. Owing to its simplicity and generality, we anticipate that this approach may also be used to develop inhibitors of many other RNA-binding proteins; we also consider the prospects of identifying potential off-target interactions by searching for other RBPs that recognize their cognate RNAs using similar interaction geometries. Beyond inhibitors, we also expect that compounds designed using this approach can serve as warheads for new PROTACs that selectively degrade RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bai
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Yusuf Adeshina
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Igor Bychkov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Sven A. Miller
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | - Abhishek K. Gupta
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - David K. Johnson
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Petr B. Makhov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160
| | - Manoj M. Pillai
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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4
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Bai N, Adeshina Y, Bychkov I, Xia Y, Gowthaman R, Miller SA, Gupta AK, Johnson DK, Lan L, Golemis EA, Makhov PB, Xu L, Pillai MM, Boumber Y, Karanicolas J. Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523326. [PMID: 36711508 PMCID: PMC9882015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and thus underlie many important biological processes. Here, we developed a strategy that entails extracting a "hotspot pharmacophore" from the structure of a protein-RNA complex, to create a template for designing small-molecule inhibitors and for exploring the selectivity of the resulting inhibitors. We demonstrate this approach by designing inhibitors of Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2, key regulators of mRNA stability and translation that are upregulated in many cancers. We report this novel series of MSI1/MSI2 inhibitors is specific and active in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. This study extends the paradigm of "hotspots" from protein-protein complexes to protein-RNA complexes, supports the "druggability" of RNA-binding protein surfaces, and represents one of the first rationally-designed inhibitors of non-enzymatic RNA-binding proteins. Owing to its simplicity and generality, we anticipate that this approach may also be used to develop inhibitors of many other RNA-binding proteins; we also consider the prospects of identifying potential off-target interactions by searching for other RBPs that recognize their cognate RNAs using similar interaction geometries. Beyond inhibitors, we also expect that compounds designed using this approach can serve as warheads for new PROTACs that selectively degrade RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bai
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Yusuf Adeshina
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Igor Bychkov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Sven A. Miller
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | | | - David K. Johnson
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Petr B. Makhov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS 66045
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160
| | - Manoj M. Pillai
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Ojha PS, Maste MM, Tubachi S, Patil VS. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: an insight highlighting pathogenesis and targeting strategies. Virusdisease 2022; 33:132-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Najafzadeh B, Motafakkerazad R, Najafi S, Amini M, Alemohammad H, Vasefifar P, Baradaran B. Nanog suppression enhanced the chemosensitivity of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer cells to Cisplatin and inhibited cell migration. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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MicroRNA 630 Represses NANOG Expression through Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010046. [PMID: 35008480 PMCID: PMC8744645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotent transcription factor NANOG is essential for maintaining embryonic stem cells and driving tumorigenesis. We previously showed that PKC activity is involved in the regulation of NANOG expression. To explore the possible involvement of microRNAs in regulating the expression of key pluripotency factors, we performed a genome-wide analysis of microRNA expression in the embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2/D1 in the presence of the PKC activator, PMA. We found that MIR630 was significantly upregulated in PMA-treated cells. Experimentally, we showed that transfection of MIR630 mimic into embryonal carcinoma cell lines directly targeted the 3′UTR of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG and markedly suppressed their expression. RNAhybrid and RNA22 algorithms were used to predict miRNA target sites in the NANOG 3′UTR, four possible target sites of MIR630 were identified. To examine the functional interaction between MIR630 and NANOG mRNA, the predicted MIR630 target sites in the NANOG 3′UTR were deleted and the activity of the reporters were compared. After targeted mutation of the predicted MIR630 target sites, the MIR630 mimic inhibited NANOG significantly less than the wild-type reporters. It is worth noting that mutation of a single putative binding site in the 3′UTR of NANOG did not completely abolish MIR630-mediated suppression, suggesting that MIR630 in the NANOG 3′UTR may have multiple binding sites and act together to maximally repress NANOG expression. Interestingly, MIR630 mimics significantly downregulated NANOG gene transcription. Exogenous expression of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG lacking the 3′UTR almost completely rescued the reduced transcriptional activity of MIR630. MIR630 mediated the expression of differentiation markers in NT2/D1 cells, suggesting that MIR630 leads to the differentiation of NT2/D1 cell. Our findings show that MIR630 represses NANOG through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, suggesting a direct link between core pluripotency factors and MIR630.
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Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212571. [PMID: 34830452 PMCID: PMC8624663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of carcinomas causing morbidity and mortality in women in all countries of the world. At the moment, the oncology, oncobiology, and oncomorphology of cervical cancer are characterized by the accumulation of new information; various molecular biological, genetic, and immunohistochemical methods of investigation of the mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis are tested and applied; targeted antitumour drugs and diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are being searched for. Many issues of the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer have not been sufficiently studied, and the role of many biomarkers characterizing various stages of cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, the target of this review is to systematize and understand several problems in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and to evaluate the significance and role of biomarkers in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Vijai M, Baba M, Ramalingam S, Thiyagaraj A. DCLK1 and its interaction partners: An effective therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:850. [PMID: 34733368 PMCID: PMC8561619 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase protein 1 (DCLK1) is a microtubule-associated protein with a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain. Its expression was first reported in radial glial cells, where it serves an essential role in early neurogenesis, and since then, other functions of the DCLK1 protein have also been identified. Initially considered to be a marker of quiescent gastrointestinal and pancreatic stem cells, DCLK1 has recently been identified in the gastrointestinal tract as a marker of tuft cells. It has also been implicated in different types of cancer, where it regulates several vital pathways, such as Kras signaling. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present review discusses the different roles of DCLK1 and its interactions with other proteins that are homologically similar to DCLK1 to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to target cancer cells more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vijai
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mursaleen Baba
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anand Thiyagaraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Park E, Kim YT, Kim S, Nam EJ, Cho NH. Immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of HPV-associated endocervical carcinoma with an invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma (ISMC) component. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1738-1749. [PMID: 34103667 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma (ISMC) is a recently described entity of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma with phenotypic plasticity and aggressive clinical behavior. To identify the cell of origin of ISMC, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of cervical epithelial cell markers (CK7, PAX8, CK5/6, p63, and CK17), stemness markers (ALDH1 and Nanog), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (Snail, Twist, and E-cadherin) in 10 pure and mixed type ISMCs with at least 10% of ISMC component in the entire tumor, seven usual type endocervical adenocarcinomas (UEAs), and seven squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). In addition, targeted sequencing was performed in 10 ISMCs. ISMC was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.011), more frequent lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), higher FIGO stage (p = 0.022), and a tendency for worse clinical outcomes (p = 0.056) compared to other HPV-associated subtypes. ISMC showed negative or borderline positivity for PAX8, CK5/6, and p63, which were distinct from UEA and SCC (p < 0.01). Compared to UEA and SCC, ISMC showed higher expression for ALDH1 (p = 0.119 for UEA and p = 0.009 for SCC), Snail (p = 0.036), and Twist (p = 0.119), and tended to show decreased E-cadherin expression (p = 0.083). In next-generation sequencing analysis, ISMC exhibited frequent STK11, MET, FANCA, and PALB2 mutations compared to conventional cervical carcinomas, and genes related to EMT and stemness were frequently altered. EMT-prone and stemness characteristics and peripheral expression of reserve cell and EMT markers of ISMC suggest its cervical reserve cell origin. We recommend PAX8, CK5/6, and p63 as diagnostic triple biomarkers for ISMC. These findings highlight the distinct biological basis of ISMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Nanog, in Cooperation with AP1, Increases the Expression of E6/E7 Oncogenes from HPV Types 16/18. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081482. [PMID: 34452350 PMCID: PMC8402821 DOI: 10.3390/v13081482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) constitute the major etiological factor for cervical cancer development. Nanog, a stem cell transcription factor has been shown to increase during cancer progression. We wanted to determine whether Nanog could modulate transcription of E6 and E7 oncogenes. We used luciferase reporters under the regulation of the long control region (LCR) of HPV types 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) and performed RT-qPCR. We found that Nanog increases activity of both viral regulatory regions and elevates endogenous E6/E7 mRNA levels in cervical cancer-derived cells. We demonstrated by in vitro mutagenesis that changes at Nanog-binding sites found in the HPV18 LCR significantly inhibit transcriptional activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Nanog binds in vivo to the HPV18 LCR, and its overexpression increases its binding as well as that of c-Jun. Surprisingly, we observed that mutation of AP1-binding sites also affect Nanog's ability to activate transcription, suggesting cooperation between the two factors. We searched for putative Nanog-binding sites in the LCR of several HPVs and surprisingly found them only in those types associated with cancer development. Our study shows, for the first time, a role for Nanog in the regulation of E6/E7 transcription of HPV16/18.
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12
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Leung CON, Deng W, Ye TM, Ngan HYS, Tsao SW, Cheung ANY, Ziru N, Yuen DCK, Pang RTK, Yeung WSB. MicroRNA-135a-induced formation of CD133+ subpopulation with cancer stem cell properties in cervical cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1592-1604. [PMID: 32415843 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play significant roles in tumor initiation. MicroRNA-135a (miR-135a) induced the formation of a CD133+ subpopulation from a human papillomavirus-immortalized cervical epithelial cell line. Compared with the CD133- cells, the CD133+ cells expressed higher levels of miR-135a and OCT4, exhibited significantly higher tumorsphere forming capacity and the time required for tumorsphere formation was shortened in the second generation. Serum induction suppressed the expression of CD133, OCT4 and miR-135a, but increased expression of involucrin in the miR-135a-induced CD133+ cells. The miR-135a-induced CD133+ cells were tumorigenic in a limiting dilution approach in vivo. The cells expressed significantly higher level of active β-catenin and OCT4 than the CD133- counterpart. Wnt3a enhanced the expression of OCT4 and CD133 in cervical cancer cells but failed to enhance CD133 transcription in normal cervical cells. Wnt3a stimulation also increased tumorsphere size and self-renewal of miR-135a-induced CD133+ subpopulation. Wnt/β-catenin inhibition suppressed tumorsphere formation while Wnt3a partially nullified the inhibitory effect. Taken together, miR-135a induced the formation of a subpopulation of cells with CSC properties both in vitro and in vivo and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential to maintain its tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen O N Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wen Deng
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tian-Min Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Niu Ziru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Dominic C K Yuen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ronald T K Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - William S B Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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13
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Li WJ, Wang Y, Liu R, Kasinski AL, Shen H, Slack FJ, Tang DG. MicroRNA-34a: Potent Tumor Suppressor, Cancer Stem Cell Inhibitor, and Potential Anticancer Therapeutic. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640587. [PMID: 33763422 PMCID: PMC7982597 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that virtually all treatment-naive tumors contain a subpopulation of cancer cells that possess some stem cell traits and properties and are operationally defined as cancer cell stem cells (CSCs). CSCs manifest inherent heterogeneity in that they may exist in an epithelial and proliferative state or a mesenchymal non-proliferative and invasive state. Spontaneous tumor progression, therapeutic treatments, and (epi)genetic mutations may also induce plasticity in non-CSCs and reprogram them into stem-like cancer cells. Intrinsic cancer cell heterogeneity and induced cancer cell plasticity, constantly and dynamically, generate a pool of CSC subpopulations with varying levels of epigenomic stability and stemness. Despite the dynamic and transient nature of CSCs, they play fundamental roles in mediating therapy resistance and tumor relapse. It is now clear that the stemness of CSCs is coordinately regulated by genetic factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, in this perspective, we first provide a brief updated overview of CSCs. We then focus on microRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) devoid in many CSCs and advanced tumors. Being a member of the miR-34 family, miR-34a was identified as a p53 target in 2007. It is a bona fide tumor suppressor, and its expression is dysregulated and downregulated in various human cancers. By targeting stemness factors such as NOTCH, MYC, BCL-2, and CD44, miR-34a epigenetically and negatively regulates the functional properties of CSCs. We shall briefly discuss potential reasons behind the failure of the first-in-class clinical trial of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic. Finally, we offer several clinical settings where miR-34a can potentially be deployed to therapeutically target CSCs and advanced, therapy-resistant, and p53-mutant tumors in order to overcome therapy resistance and curb tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jess Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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14
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zheng P, Cui N. Msi1 inhibits cervical cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating BAK through AKT signaling. J Cancer 2021; 12:2422-2429. [PMID: 33758618 PMCID: PMC7974892 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi-1 (Msi1) is an RNA binding protein that functions as a regulator in multiple carcinomas. Our previous study demonstrated that Msi1 could promote the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by targeting the cell cycle proteins P21, P27 and P53. However, the mechanisms by which Msi1 affects the survival of cervical cancer cells, such as apoptosis, are still unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of Msi1 inhibited cervical cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of Msi1 downregulated the expression of PTEN, while AKT signaling was activated, which resulted in a reduction in the proapoptotic protein BAK. In addition, rescue the expression of BAK in Msi1 expressing cervical cancer cells induced the increase of apoptosis cells. These findings indicate that Msi1 regulates cervical cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting PTEN and activating AKT signaling, which leads to the downregulation of BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - PengSheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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15
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Lan L, Liu J, Xing M, Smith AR, Wang J, Wu X, Appelman C, Li K, Roy A, Gowthaman R, Karanicolas J, Somoza AD, Wang CCC, Miao Y, De Guzman R, Oakley BR, Neufeld KL, Xu L. Identification and Validation of an Aspergillus nidulans Secondary Metabolite Derivative as an Inhibitor of the Musashi-RNA Interaction. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082221. [PMID: 32784494 PMCID: PMC7463734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) is a key regulator of several stem cell populations. MSI1 is involved in tumor proliferation and maintenance, and it regulates target mRNAs at the translational level. The known mRNA targets of MSI1 include Numb, APC, and P21WAF-1, key regulators of Notch/Wnt signaling and cell cycle progression, respectively. In this study, we aim to identify small molecule inhibitors of MSI1-mRNA interactions, which could block the growth of cancer cells with high levels of MSI1. Using a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, we screened small molecules from several chemical libraries for those that disrupt the binding of MSI1 to its consensus RNA. One cluster of hit compounds is the derivatives of secondary metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans. One of the top hits, Aza-9, from this cluster was further validated by surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which demonstrated that Aza-9 binds directly to MSI1, and the binding is at the RNA binding pocket. We also show that Aza-9 binds to Musashi-2 (MSI2) as well. To test whether Aza-9 has anti-cancer potential, we used liposomes to facilitate Aza-9 cellular uptake. Aza-9-liposome inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and autophagy, and down-regulates Notch and Wnt signaling in colon cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we identified a series of potential lead compounds for inhibiting MSI1/2 function, while establishing a framework for identifying small molecule inhibitors of RNA binding proteins using FP-based screening methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Minli Xing
- Bio-NMR Core Facility, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Amber R. Smith
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Jinan Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Carl Appelman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Ke Li
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
| | - Amber D. Somoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (A.D.S.); (C.C.C.W.)
| | - Clay C. C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (A.D.S.); (C.C.C.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (J.W.); (R.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Roberto De Guzman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Berl R. Oakley
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
| | - Kristi L. Neufeld
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (L.L.); (J.L.); (A.R.S.); (X.W.); (C.A.); (K.L.); (R.D.G.); (B.R.O.); (K.L.N.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Grubelnik G, Boštjančič E, Pavlič A, Kos M, Zidar N. NANOG expression in human development and cancerogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:456-464. [PMID: 32041418 PMCID: PMC7082888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220905560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOG is an important stem cell transcription factor involved in human development and cancerogenesis. Its expression is complex and regulated on different levels. Moreover, NANOG protein might regulate hundreds of target genes at the same time. NANOG is crucial for preimplantation development phase and progressively decreases during embryonic stem cells differentiation, thus regulating embryonic and fetal development. Postnatally, NANOG is undetectable or expressed in very low amounts in the majority of human tissues. NANOG re-expression can be detected during cancerogenesis, already in precancerous lesions, with increasing levels of NANOG in high grade dysplasia. NANOG is believed to enable cancer cells to obtain stem-cell like properties, which are believed to be the source of expanding growth, tumor maintenance, metastasis formation, and tumor relapse. High NANOG expression in cancer is frequently associated with advanced stage, poor differentiation, worse overall survival, and resistance to treatment, and is therefore a promising prognostic and predictive marker. We summarize the current knowledge on the role of NANOG in cancerogenesis and development, including our own experience. We provide a critical overview of NANOG as a prognostic and diagnostic factor, including problems regarding its regulation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gašper Grubelnik
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Pavlič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marina Kos
- Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice and University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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17
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Andisheh-Tadbir A, Ranjbar MA, Shiri AA, Mardani M. Expression of nucleostemin in odontogenic cysts and tumors. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104376. [PMID: 31926976 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Considering the unique clinical behavior of odontogenic cysts and tumors, this study aimed to assess the expression of nucleostemin in odontogenic cysts and tumors by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. This retrospective study evaluated 50 samples including 13 samples of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), 10 samples of solid ameloblastoma (SA), 10 samples of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and 17 samples of dentigerous cyst (DC) by IHC staining. The stained slides were evaluated under a light microscope. Number of positively stained cells for nucleostemin marker was counted in five random areas per 100 cells under x400 magnification. The labeling index (LI) for nucleostemin was calculated by dividing the number of positively stained cells by the total number of counted cells in each lesion multiplied by 100. Positive staining for nucleostemin marker was observed in 100% of SA,100% of UA, 100% of OKC and 5 samples of DC (29.4%). The LI for nucleostemin marker in SA (median: 70.5), UA (median: 50) and OKC (median: 52) samples was significantly higher than that in DC (median: 0.00) (P = .001). This study showed an increased expression of nucleostemin in ameloblastoma and OKC, which suggests that stemness may be related to development of these lesions, their invasive behavior and high rate of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ranjbar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Shiri
- Undergraduate Student, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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18
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Lu E, Hu X, Pan C, Chen J, Xu Y, Zhu X. Up-regulation of peroxiredoxin-1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis and inhibits apoptosis in cervical cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1170-1181. [PMID: 31956363 PMCID: PMC6959069 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) on the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells and the possible mechanism. Materials and methods: The expression of PRDX1 in human cervical cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lentivirus containing PRDX1-cDNA or shRNA against PRDX1 was constructed to overexpress or knockdown PRDX1 in SiHa cervical cancer cells. Cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 and BrdU incorporation assay and cell apoptosis was evaluated by AnnexinV-PE /7AAD assay. Scratch wound and transwell invasion assay were used to test migration and invasion activity after PRDX1 was overexpressed or suppressed. Furthermore, the effect of PRDX1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis was also studied using a xenograft model of nude mice. Results: The expression of PRDX1 protein was significantly up-regulated in the tumor tissues compared with the paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Meanwhile, PRDX1 overexpression was associated with tumor stage, lymphatic metastasis and differentiation. Overexpression of PRDX1 significantly promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by increasing the expression of Nanog, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulating the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX) in SiHa cervical cancer cells. Moreover, PRDX1 overexpression increased invasion and migration of SiHa cervical cancer cells via up-regulating the expression of Snail and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) and down-regulating the expression of E-cadherin. Knockdown of PRDX1 resulted in the opposite results. The role of PRDX1 in promoting SiHa cervical cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis has also been confirmed in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Conclusions: PRDX1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of cervical cancer possibly via regulating the expression of related protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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19
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Genes Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of Pluripotency Are Expressed in Malignant Tumors of the Uterine Cervix and Can Induce Tumorigenic Capacity in a Nontumorigenic Cell Line. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7683817. [PMID: 31885625 PMCID: PMC6914900 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7683817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC, and NANOG (OSKM-N) regulate pluripotency and stemness, and their ectopic expression reprograms human and murine fibroblasts that constitute the key of regenerative medicine. To determine their contribution to cell transformation, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of these transcription factors in cervical cancer samples and found that they are preferentially expressed in the tumor component. Also, cancer stem cell-enriched cultures grown as sphere cultures showed overexpression of OSKM-N genes. Importantly, we observed that lentiviral-mediated transduction of these factors confers, to a nontumorigenic immortalized human cell line, properties of cancer stem cells as the ability to form tumors in a mouse model. When we performed a meta-analysis using microarray data from cervical cancer biopsies and normal tissues, we found that the expression of OSKM-N and some target genes allowed separating tumor and normal tissues between samples, which enhanced the importance of OSKM-N in the tumorigenesis. Finally, we analyzed and compared both transcript and protein expression profiles of these factors within a cohort of patients with cervical cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the expression of OSKM-N is described to induce one of the main characteristics of the cancer stem cell, the tumorigenicity. And, more importantly, its exogenous expression in a nontumorigenic cell line is sufficient to induce a tumorigenic phenotype; furthermore, the differential expression of this transcription factor distinguishes tumor tissue and normal tissue in cervical samples.
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20
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Tiwari D, Ray Das C, Sultana R, Kakoti S, Aasif Khan M, Dongre A, Husain SA, Bose PD, Bose S. Impact of modulation of telomerase and cancer stem-cell marker OCT4 axis in cervical cancer pathogenesis with underlying HPV16 infection. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2782-2791. [PMID: 31692038 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lacunae exist in the molecular event(s) specificity associated with cervical cancer (CaCx) pathogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of telomerase-cervical cancer stem cells (CSCs) modulation in CaCx pathogenesis with underlying HPV16 infection. The study included HPV16 positive cases only (N = 65) of the total enrolled cases from Northeast India. The analysis of viral load and the differential messenger RNA expression of E6, E7, hTERT, hTR, and cancer stem-cell markers was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further the protein and colocalization study for E6, hTERT, and oct4 was performed by immunofluorescence. The real-time polymerase chain reaction based analysis showed an upregulation of HPV16 viral oncoprotein E6 and E7, and telomerase component hTERT and hTR expression and their correlation in CaCx susceptibility and severity. The hTERT expression correlated with viral load; while the E6 and telomerase protein expression colocalized in the nucleus. The CSCs marker octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) was significantly upregulated in CaCx cases, was associated with CaCx susceptibility and severity, and colocalized with E6 expression in the nucleus as revealed from the immunofluorescence studies. To conclude, the telomerase-OCT4 axis modulation holds key in HPV16 CaCx pathogenesis mediated by HPV16 E6 viral oncoprotein expression, and underlines its potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptika Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandana Ray Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rizwana Sultana
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shantipriya Kakoti
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Anita Dongre
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Assam, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Assam, India
| | - Purabi Deka Bose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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21
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Mendoza-Almanza G, Ortíz-Sánchez E, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Rivas-Santiago C, Esparza-Ibarra E, Olmos J. Cervical cancer stem cells and other leading factors associated with cervical cancer development. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3423-3432. [PMID: 31516560 PMCID: PMC6733009 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortalities in women from developing countries. Similar to other types of cancer, CC is considered to be a multifactorial disease, involving socioeconomic, cultural, immunological and epigenetic factors, as well as persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. It has been well established that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in defining tumor size, the speed of development and the level of regression following treatment; therefore, CSCs are associated with a poor prognosis. CSCs have been detected in many types of cancer, including leukemia, pancreatic, colon, esophagus, liver, prostate, breast, gastric and lung cancer. In cervical cancer, CSCs have been associated with resistance to normally used drugs such as cisplatin. The present review summarizes the strategies that high-risk HPV viruses (HPV-16 and HPV-18) have developed to transform normal epithelial cells into cancer cells, as well as the cellular pathways and studies associated with the identification of cervical cancer stem cell biomarkers. In this sense, the present review provides state of the art information regarding CC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Mendoza-Almanza
- National Council for Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Institute of Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - César Rivas-Santiago
- National Council for Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico
| | - Edgar Esparza-Ibarra
- Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico
| | - Jorge Olmos
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
- Correspondence to: Dr Jorge Olmos, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, 3918 Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada 22860, Mexico, E-mail:
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22
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Moradi F, Babashah S, Sadeghizadeh M, Jalili A, Hajifathali A, Roshandel H. Signaling pathways involved in chronic myeloid leukemia pathogenesis: The importance of targeting Musashi2-Numb signaling to eradicate leukemia stem cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:581-589. [PMID: 31231484 PMCID: PMC6570743 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.31879.7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloid clonal proliferation disease defining by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome that shows the movement of BCR-ABL1. In this study, the critical role of the Musashi2-Numb axis in determining cell fate and relationship of the axis to important signaling pathways such as Hedgehog and Notch that are essential for self-renewal pathways in CML stem cells will be reviewed meticulously. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, a PubMed search using the keywords of Leukemia, signaling pathways, Musashi2-Numb was performed, and then we summarized different research works . RESULTS Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Imatinib significantly kill and remove the cell with BCR-ABL1 translocation, they are unable to target BCR-ABL1 leukemia stem cells. The main problem is stem cells resistance to Imatinib therapy. Therefore, the identification and control of downstream molecules/ signaling route of the BCR-ABL1 that are involved in the survival and self-renewal of leukemia stem cells can be an effective treatment strategy to eliminate leukemia stem cells, which supposed to be cured by Musashi2-Numb signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The control of molecules /pathways downstream of the BCR-ABL1 and targeting Musashi2-Numb can be an effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of chronic leukemia stem cells. While Musashi2 is a poor prognostic marker in leukemia, in treatment and strategy, it has significant diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foruzan Moradi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajifathali Roshandel
- Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Sudhalkar N, Rathod NP, Mathews A, Chopra S, Sriram H, Shrivastava SK, Goda JS. Potential role of cancer stem cells as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1144. [PMID: 32721115 PMCID: PMC7941515 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are termed as the "beating heart" of various malignant tumors, including cervical cancer, holds great importance in cancer therapeutics. CSCs not only confer chemo-radio resistance but also play an important role in tumor metastasis and thereby pose a potential barrier for the cure of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer, a common malignancy among females, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and the study on CSCs residing in the niche is promising. RECENT FINDINGS Biomarker approach to screen the cervical CSCs has gained impetus since the past decade. Progress in identification and characterization of the stem cell biomarkers has led to many insights. For the diagnostic purpose, several biomarkers like viral (HPV16), stem cell markers, transcription factors (viz, SOX2, OCT 4, and c-Myc), and CSC surface markers (viz, ALDH1 and CD44) have been identified. The research so far has been directed to study the CSC stemness and demonstrates various gene expression signatures in cervical CSCs. Such studies hold a potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and predict therapeutic response and clinical outcome in patients. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell biomarkers have been validated and their therapeutic targets are being developed as "strategies to improve therapeutic ratio in personalized medicine." This review gives a brief overview of the cervical CSC biomarkers, their current and future diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Sudhalkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Nidul P. Rathod
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Ashwathi Mathews
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Supriya Chopra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Harshini Sriram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Shyam K. Shrivastava
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
| | - Jayant S. Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhaba National InstituteKharghar, Navi MumbaiIndia
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24
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Macharia LW, Wanjiru CM, Mureithi MW, Pereira CM, Ferrer VP, Moura-Neto V. MicroRNAs, Hypoxia and the Stem-Like State as Contributors to Cancer Aggressiveness. Front Genet 2019; 10:125. [PMID: 30842790 PMCID: PMC6391339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play key regulatory roles in cancer acting as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Due to their potential roles in improving cancer prognostic, predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, they have become an area of intense research focus in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated an altered expression of several miRNAs under hypoxic condition and even shown that the hypoxic microenvironment drives the selection of a more aggressive cancer cell population through cellular adaptations referred as the cancer stem-like cell. These minor fractions of cells are characterized by their self-renewal abilities and their ability to maintain the tumor mass, suggesting their crucial roles in cancer development. This review aims to highlight the interconnected role between miRNAs, hypoxia and the stem-like state in contributing to the cancer aggressiveness as opposed to their independent contributions, and it is based in four aggressive tumors, namely glioblastoma, cervical, prostate, and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Wanjiku Macharia
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Muriithi Wanjiru
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Saad MN, Mabrouk MS, Eldeib AM, Shaker OG. Studying the effects of haplotype partitioning methods on the RA-associated genomic results from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) dataset. J Adv Res 2019; 18:113-126. [PMID: 30891314 PMCID: PMC6403413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplotype blocks methods plays a complementary role to the single-SNP approaches. CIT, FGT, SSLD, and single-SNP methods should be applied to discover the markers. Selection of the method used for the association has an impact on the biomarkers. SSLD method detected more significant SNPs than CIT, FGT, and single-SNP methods. The 383 SNPs discovered by all methods are significantly associated with RA.
The human genome, which includes thousands of genes, represents a big data challenge. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease with a genetic basis. Many single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association methods partition a genome into haplotype blocks. The aim of this genome wide association study (GWAS) was to select the most appropriate haplotype block partitioning method for the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) dataset. The methods used for the NARAC dataset were the individual SNP approach and the following haplotype block methods: the four-gamete test (FGT), confidence interval test (CIT), and solid spine of linkage disequilibrium (SSLD). The measured parameters that reflect the strength of the association between the biomarker and RA were the P-value after Bonferroni correction and other parameters used to compare the output of each haplotype block method. This work presents a comparison among the individual SNP approach and the three haplotype block methods to select the method that can detect all the significant SNPs when applied alone. The GWAS results from the NARAC dataset obtained with the different methods are presented. The individual SNP, CIT, FGT, and SSLD methods detected 541, 1516, 1551, and 1831 RA-associated SNPs respectively, and the individual SNP, FGT, CIT, and SSLD methods detected 65, 156, 159, and 450 significant SNPs respectively, that were not detected by the other methods. Three hundred eighty-three SNPs were discovered by the haplotype block methods and the individual SNP approach, while 1021 SNPs were discovered by all three haplotype block methods. The 383 SNPs detected by all the methods are promising candidates for studying RA susceptibility. A hybrid technique involving all four methods should be applied to detect the significant SNPs associated with RA in the NARAC dataset, but the SSLD method may be preferred because of its advantages when only one method was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mai S Mabrouk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Eldeib
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat G Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Velasco MX, Kosti A, Penalva LOF, Hernández G. The Diverse Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Glioma Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1157:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19966-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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de Lázaro I, Yilmazer A, Nam Y, Qubisi S, Razak FMA, Degens H, Cossu G, Kostarelos K. Non-viral, Tumor-free Induction of Transient Cell Reprogramming in Mouse Skeletal Muscle to Enhance Tissue Regeneration. Mol Ther 2018; 27:59-75. [PMID: 30470628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc (OKSM) transcription factors can de-differentiate adult cells in vivo. While sustained OKSM expression triggers tumorigenesis through uncontrolled proliferation of toti- and pluripotent cells, transient reprogramming induces pluripotency-like features and proliferation only temporarily, without teratomas. We sought to transiently reprogram cells within mouse skeletal muscle with a localized injection of plasmid DNA encoding OKSM (pOKSM), and we hypothesized that the generation of proliferative intermediates would enhance tissue regeneration after injury. Intramuscular pOKSM administration rapidly upregulated pluripotency (Nanog, Ecat1, and Rex1) and early myogenesis genes (Pax3) in the healthy gastrocnemius of various strains. Mononucleated cells expressing such markers appeared in clusters among myofibers, proliferated only transiently, and did not lead to dysplasia or tumorigenesis for at least 120 days. Nanog was also upregulated in the gastrocnemius when pOKSM was administered 7 days after surgically sectioning its medial head. Enhanced tissue regeneration after reprogramming was manifested by the accelerated appearance of centronucleated myofibers and reduced fibrosis. These results suggest that transient in vivo reprogramming could develop into a novel strategy toward the acceleration of tissue regeneration after injury, based on the induction of transiently proliferative, pluripotent-like cells in situ. Further research to achieve clinically meaningful functional regeneration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene de Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yein Nam
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sara Qubisi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Fazilah Maizatul Abdul Razak
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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28
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Li L, Feng R, Fei S, Cao J, Zhu Q, Ji G, Zhou J. NANOGP8 expression regulates gastric cancer cell progression by transactivating DBC1 in gastric cancer MKN-45 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:555-563. [PMID: 30655801 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NANOGP8 is one of the NANOG pseudogenes and is expressed together with NANOG in multiple tumor tissues and cell lines. The biological functions of NANOGP8 in progression of gastric cancer are unclear. In the present study, the role of NANOGP8 was investigated in gastric cancer cells. The gathered data demonstrated that NANOG expression in both mRNA and protein was elevated in gastric cancer cell lines relative to a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Downregulation of NANOGP8 inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, silencing of NANOGP8 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, it was identified that deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) expression was also markedly downregulated following NANOGP8 knockdown. DNA microarray and dual-luciferase assays further indicated that NANOGP8 may bind to the DBC1 promoter region and regulate DBC1 expression. Therefore, the gathered data provided evidence that NANOGP8 contributes to progression of gastric cancer via DBC1 and may have potential translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Suqian People's Hospital Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Department of Medical Examination Center and Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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29
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Tulake W, Yuemaier R, Sheng L, Ru M, Lidifu D, Abudula A. Upregulation of stem cell markers ALDH1A1 and OCT4 as potential biomarkers for the early detection of cervical carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5525-5534. [PMID: 30344706 PMCID: PMC6176262 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the upregulation of stem cell biomarkers that are associated with tumorigenesis, in particular with cancer infiltration, recurrence and metastasis. Infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main etiopathological factor of cervical carcinogenesis, but the expression of stem cell markers in cervical carcinoma and HPV infection have yet to be investigated so far. A total of 94 cases of fresh cervical tissues, 116 cases of paraffin-embedded cervical specimens and 72 cases of peripheral blood samples were collected from Uighur women who were either diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II-III, or from healthy subjects (negative controls, NC). HPV infection was detected in tissue DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a HPV genotyping kit. The mRNA expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), nanog homeobox (NANOG), POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT4), SRY-box 2 (SOX2) and twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist1) were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Histological analysis was performed in order to examine the protein expression of ALDH1A1 and OCT4 in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by immunohistochemical staining and the plasma levels of those two proteins was measured by ELISA. RT-qPCR analysis indicated a significant increase in the mRNA expression of ALDH1A1 and OCT4 in CIN II-III and SCC tissue specimens compared with NC (P<0.05). Although the expression levels of NANOG, SOX2 and Twist1 were significantly higher in SCC compared with NC (P<0.05), no significant difference was revealed in CIN II-III tissues compared with SCC or NC (P>0.05). Subsequent analysis by immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the upregulation of ALDH1A1 and OCT4 was also significantly increased in SCC and CIN II-III compared with controls at the protein level. Notably, ELISA analysis detected significantly higher levels of ALDH1A1 and OCT4 in the peripheral blood (plasma) of patients with SCC compared with healthy subjects. The upregulation of stem cell markers ALDH1A1 and OCT4 in cervical carcinoma and its precursor lesions, in particular in the peripheral blood, indicates that ALDH1A1 and OCT4 may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of cervical carcinoma or for the monitoring of treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuniqiemu Tulake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Reziwanguli Yuemaier
- Department of Clinical Research, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of The Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Ru
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Dilare Lidifu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Abulizi Abudula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of The Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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30
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Lan L, Liu H, Smith AR, Appelman C, Yu J, Larsen S, Marquez RT, Wu X, Liu FY, Gao P, Gowthaman R, Karanicolas J, De Guzman RN, Rogers S, Aubé J, Neufeld KL, Xu L. Natural product derivative Gossypolone inhibits Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:809. [PMID: 30097032 PMCID: PMC6086024 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Musashi (MSI) family of RNA-binding proteins is best known for the role in post-transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Elevated MSI1 levels in a variety of human cancer are associated with up-regulation of Notch/Wnt signaling. MSI1 binds to and negatively regulates translation of Numb and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), negative regulators of Notch and Wnt signaling respectively. METHODS Previously, we have shown that the natural product (-)-gossypol as the first known small molecule inhibitor of MSI1 that down-regulates Notch/Wnt signaling and inhibits tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Using a fluorescence polarization (FP) competition assay, we identified gossypolone (Gn) with a > 20-fold increase in Ki value compared to (-)-gossypol. We validated Gn binding to MSI1 using surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cellular thermal shift assay, and tested the effects of Gn on colon cancer cells and colon cancer DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS In colon cancer cells, Gn reduced Notch/Wnt signaling and induced apoptosis. Compared to (-)-gossypol, the same concentration of Gn is less active in all the cell assays tested. To increase Gn bioavailability, we used PEGylated liposomes in our in vivo studies. Gn-lip via tail vein injection inhibited the growth of human colon cancer DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice, as compared to the untreated control (P < 0.01, n = 10). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PEGylation improved the bioavailability of Gn as well as achieved tumor-targeted delivery and controlled release of Gn, which enhanced its overall biocompatibility and drug efficacy in vivo. This provides proof of concept for the development of Gn-lip as a molecular therapy for colon cancer with MSI1/MSI2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
- Current address: School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Amber R Smith
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Carl Appelman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sarah Larsen
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Rebecca T Marquez
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Frank Y Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, Lawrence, USA
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto N De Guzman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Steven Rogers
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristi L Neufeld
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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31
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Scotti FM, Mitt VC, Vieira DS, Biz MT, Castro RG, Modolo F. Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1209-1216. [PMID: 29761881 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) proteins have been observed in several lesions and are associated with tumor beginning, evolution, and resistance to treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of NANOG, NESTIN, and β-tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), actinic cheilitis (AC), and normal epithelium (NE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cases of LSCC, thirty cases of AC (both analyzed according to the WHO classification and AC according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE were submitted to an immunohistochemical study. RESULTS NANOG was more expressed in the nuclei of AC compared to NE (p = 0.007), as well as in high-risk AC cases (p = 0.017) and well-differentiated LSCCs (no significance). There was an accumulation of nuclear NANOG from mild to moderate and severe ACs. NESTIN was significantly less present in NE compared to AC (p = 0.001) and LSCC (p = 0.003). There was a higher expression in severe dysplasia or high-risk AC and well-differentiated LSCC. These results indicate an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the early stages of carcinogenesis. β-tubulin was intensely present in all lesions. CONCLUSION The results suggest an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the biological behavior these diseases, mainly in the transformation from AC to LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Scotti
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Verônica C Mitt
- Multidisciplinary Residence Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Daniella Sc Vieira
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Michelle T Biz
- Morphology Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Renata G Castro
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe Modolo
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Kavyasudha C, Joel JP, Devi A. Differential expression of nucleostemin in the cytoplasm and nuclei of normal and cancerous cell lines. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:250-258. [PMID: 30814887 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1712-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in the past decade have reported nucleostemin (NS) as a nucleolar protein that has a role in self-renewal and cell cycle regulation in cancer/stem cells, but is absent in differentiated cells. The localization and expression patterns of NS have always been disputed, as reports indicate its varied levels among tissues and cells. This study evaluates the expression and localization pattern of NS in normal cells, cancer cell lines, and stem cells. Our findings revealed that the expression of NS was high in cancers originating from the skin and liver compared to the normal cell lines. NS knockdown effects the proliferation of normal cell lines, similar to cancerous cell lines. The localization pattern of NS was analyzed by immunofluorescence, which showed that NS was localized in the nuclei of normal cell lines but is present both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cancerous/stem cell lines. Interestingly, we observed that siNS cancerous cell lines had lower NS in the cytoplasm, which did not salvage the reduction in proliferation caused by siNS. We postulate that the loss of NS in the nucleus inhibits the proliferative ability of both normal and cancerous cells at similar rates, although the role of NS in the cytoplasm apart from proliferation needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavali Kavyasudha
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , India
| | - Joseph P Joel
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , India
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Hayashi K, Koto M, Demizu Y, Saitoh J, Suefuji H, Okimoto T, Ohno T, Shioyama Y, Takagi R, Ikawa H, Nemoto K, Nakano T, Kamada T. A retrospective multicenter study of carbon-ion radiotherapy for major salivary gland carcinomas: Subanalysis of J-CROS 1402 HN. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1576-1582. [PMID: 29493851 PMCID: PMC5980152 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective multicenter study was carried out to assess the clinical outcomes of carbon-ion radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies (Japan Carbon-Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group [J-CROS] study: 1402 HN). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy in patients with major salivary gland carcinoma. Sixty-nine patients treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy at four Japanese institutions were analyzed. Thirty-three patients (48%) had adenoid cystic carcinomas, 10 (14%) had mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 26 (38%) had other disease types. Three patients (4%) had T1 disease, 8 (12%) had T2, 25 (36%) had T3, and 33 (48%) had T4. The median radiation dose was 64 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions. The median gross tumor volume was 27 mL. The median follow-up period was 32.7 months. The 3-year local control rate and overall survival rate were 81% and 94%, respectively. Regarding acute toxicities, seven patients had grade 3 mucositis and seven had grade 3 dermatitis. Regarding late toxicities, one patient had grade 3 dysphagia and one had a grade 3 brain abscess. No grade 4 or worse late reactions were observed. In conclusion, definitive carbon-ion radiotherapy was effective with acceptable toxicity for major salivary gland carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Masashi Koto
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Yusuke Demizu
- Department of RadiologyHyogo Ion Beam Medical CenterTatsunoJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Saitoh
- Medicine and Biology DivisionGunma University Heavy Ion Medical CenterMaebashiJapan
| | | | - Tomoaki Okimoto
- Department of RadiologyHyogo Ion Beam Medical CenterTatsunoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Medicine and Biology DivisionGunma University Heavy Ion Medical CenterMaebashiJapan
| | | | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Oral SrgeryTokyo Dental College Sudobashi HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Ikawa
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Medicine and Biology DivisionGunma University Heavy Ion Medical CenterMaebashiJapan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and TechnologyChibaJapan
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34
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Cancer Stem Cell-Related Marker NANOG Expression in Ovarian Serous Tumors: A Clinicopathological Study of 159 Cases. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:2006-2013. [PMID: 28906309 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to assess cancer stem cell-related marker NANOG expression in ovarian serous tumors and to evaluate its prognostic significance in relation to ovarian serous carcinoma. METHODS NANOG protein expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in the ovarian tissue microarrays of 20 patients with benign ovarian serous tumors, 30 patients with borderline ovarian serous tumors, and 109 patients with ovarian serous carcinomas, from which 106 were of high-grade and 3 of low-grade morphology Immunohistochemical reaction was scored according to signal intensity and the percentage of positive cells in tumor samples. Pursuant to our summation of signal intensity and positive cell occurrence, we divided our samples into 4 groups: NANOG-negative, NANOG-slightly positive, NANOG-moderately positive, and NANOG-strongly positive group. Complete clinical data were obtained for the ovarian serous carcinoma group, and correlation between clinical data and NANOG expression was analyzed. RESULTS A specific brown nuclear, or cytoplasmic reaction, was considered a positive NANOG staining. In terms of the ovarian serous carcinoma group, 69.7% were NANOG positive, 22.9% slightly positive, 22.9% moderately positive, and 23.9% strongly positive. All NANOG-positive cases were of high-grade morphology. Benign and borderline tumors and low-grade serous carcinomas were NANOG negative. There was no significant correlation between NANOG expression and clinical parameters in terms of the ovarian serous carcinoma group. CONCLUSIONS Positive NANOG expression is significantly associated with high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma and is absent in benign, borderline, and low-grade serous lesions. In our study, there was no correlation between NANOG expression and clinical parameters, including its use in the prognosis of ovarian serous carcinoma.
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Huang R, Rofstad EK. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), cervical CSCs and targeted therapies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35351-35367. [PMID: 27343550 PMCID: PMC5471060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a tumour-initiating capacity and play crucial roles in tumour metastasis, relapse and chemo/radio-resistance. As tumour propagation initiators, CSCs are considered to be promising targets for obtaining a better therapeutic outcome. Cervical carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy and has a high cancer mortality rate among females. As a result, the investigation of cervical cancer stem cells (CCSCs) is of great value. However, the numbers of cancer cells and corresponding CSCs in malignancy are dynamically balanced, and CSCs may reside in the CSC niche, about which little is known to date. Therefore, due to their complicated molecular phenotypes and biological behaviours, it remains challenging to obtain “purified” CSCs and continuously culture CSCs for further in vitro studies without the cells losing their stem properties. At present, CSC-related markers and functional assays are used to purify, identify and therapeutically target CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, CSC-related markers are not universal to all tumour types, although some markers may be valid in multiple tumour types. Additionally, functional identifications based on CSC-specific properties are usually limited in in vivo studies. Furthermore, an optimal method for identifying potential CCSCs in CCSC studies has not been previously published, and these techniques are currently of great importance. This article updates our knowledge on CSCs and CCSCs, reviews potential stem cell markers and functional assays for identifying CCSCs, and describes the potential of targeting CCSCs in the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Hu J, Liu J, Chen A, Lyu J, Ai G, Zeng Q, Sun Y, Chen C, Wang J, Qiu J, Wu Y, Cheng J, Shi X, Song L. Ino80 promotes cervical cancer tumorigenesis by activating Nanog expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72250-72262. [PMID: 27750218 PMCID: PMC5342159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ino80 ATPase is an integral component of the INO80 ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which regulates transcription, DNA repair and replication. We found that Ino80 was highly expressed in cervical cancer cell lines and tumor samples. Ino80 knockdown inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. However, Ino80 knockdown did not affect cell apoptosis, migration or invasion in vitro. Ino80 overexpression promoted proliferation in the H8 immortalized cervical epithelial cell line, which has low endogenous Ino80 expression as compared to cervical cancer cell lines. Ino80 bound to the Nanog transcription start site (TSS) and enhanced its expression in cervical cancer cells. Nanog overexpression in Ino80 knockdown cell lines promoted cell proliferation. This study demonstrated for the first time that Ino80 was upregulated in cervical cancer and promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that Ino80 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aozheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guihai Ai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongjing Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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37
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de Campos RP, Schultz IC, de Andrade Mello P, Davies S, Gasparin MS, Bertoni APS, Buffon A, Wink MR. Cervical cancer stem-like cells: systematic review and identification of reference genes for gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:139-152. [PMID: 28949053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Among many factors, the presence of cancer stem cells, a subpopulation of cells inside the tumor, has been associated with a worse prognosis. Considering the importance of gene expression studies to understand the biology of cervical cancer stem cells (CCSC), this work identifies stable reference genes for cervical cancer cell lines SiHa, HeLa, and ME180 as well as their respective cancer stem-like cells. A literature review was performed to identify validated reference genes currently used to normalize RT-qPCR data in cervical cancer cell lines. Then, cell lines were cultured in regular monolayer or in a condition that favors tumor sphere formation. RT-qPCR was performed using five reference genes: ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TBP. Stability was assessed to validate the selected genes as suitable reference genes. The evaluation validated B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TBP in these experimental conditions. Among them, GAPDH and TBP presented the lowest variability according to the analysis by Normfinder, Bestkeeper, and ΔCq methods, being therefore the most adequate genes to normalize the combination of all samples. These results suggest that B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TBP are suitable reference genes to normalize RT-qPCR data of established cervical cancer cell lines SiHa, HeLa, and ME180 as well as their derived cancer stem-like cells. Indeed, GAPDH and TBP seem to be the most convenient choices for studying gene expression in these cells in monolayers or spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael P de Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iago C Schultz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel Davies
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manuela S Gasparin
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Bertoni
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Mukohyama J, Shimono Y, Minami H, Kakeji Y, Suzuki A. Roles of microRNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100143. [PMID: 29064439 PMCID: PMC5664082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression and metastasis of human colorectal cancers, and have been characterized by the expression of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD133, CD166 and LGR5. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed between CSCs and non-tumorigenic cancer cells, and play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of stem cell properties of CSCs. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators of various RNA processing events, such as splicing, localization, stabilization and translation, and can regulate various types of stem cells. In this review, we summarize current evidences on the roles of miRNA and RBPs in the regulation of colorectal CSCs. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of human colorectal CSCs will help to develop biomarkers for colorectal cancers and to identify targets for CSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine (Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases) and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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Niu J, Zhao X, Liu Q, Yang J. Knockdown of MSI1 inhibited the cell proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by targeting p21 and p27. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5271-5278. [PMID: 29113163 PMCID: PMC5661380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, but its mechanism remains unclear. Musashi RNA-binding protein 1 (MSI1) is highly expressed in certain cancer types and functions as a putative progenitor/stem cell marker. In the present study, it was demonstrated that MSI1 expression in osteosarcoma tissue was higher compared with in the paraneoplastic tissue samples. Knockdown of MSI1 using shRNA in MG-63 and HOS cells inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo, suggesting that MSI1 serves an essential role in osteosarcomagenesis. Further investigations demonstrated that the knockdown of MSI1 leads to the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and the upregulation of p21 and p27 protein expression in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, luciferase assays demonstrated that MSI1 can bind to the 3′ untranslated regions of p21 and p27 mRNA. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the knockdown of MSI11 can suppress cell proliferation of osteosarcoma by targeting p21 and p27 and subsequently inhibiting cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Niu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- Department of Kidney and Chinese Medicine, Shandong Jinxiang County People's Hospital, Jinxiang, Shandong 272200, P.R. China
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jinsan Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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40
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Musashi-1 Enhances Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Cytoskeletal Dynamics through Translational Inhibition of Tensin3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8710. [PMID: 28821879 PMCID: PMC5562834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) exerts essential roles in multiple cellular functions, such as maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells. MSI1 overexpression has been observed in several tumor tissues, including glioblastoma (GBM), and is considered as a well-established marker for tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MSI1 regulates cell migration are still undetermined. Here we reported that MSI1 alters cell morphology, promotes cell migration, and increases viscoelasticity of GBM cells. We also found that MSI1 directly binds to the 3′UTR of Tensin 3 (TNS3) mRNA, a negative regulator of cell migration, to inhibit its translation. Additionally, we identified that RhoA-GTP could be a potential regulator in MSI1/TNS3-mediated cell migration and morphological changes. In a xenograft animal model, high expression ratio of MSI1 to TNS3 enhanced GBM tumor migration. We also confirmed that MSI1 and TNS3 expressions are mutually exclusive in migratory tumor lesions, and GBM patients with MSI1high/TNS3low pattern tend to have poor clinical outcome. Taken together, our findings suggested a critical role of MSI1-TNS3 axis in regulating GBM migration and highlighted that the ratio of MSI1/TNS3 could predict metastatic and survival outcome of GBM patients.
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41
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Wu L, Han L, Zhou C, Wei W, Chen X, Yi H, Wu X, Bai X, Guo S, Yu Y, Liang L, Wang W. TGF-β1-induced CK17 enhances cancer stem cell-like properties rather than EMT in promoting cervical cancer metastasis via the ERK1/2-MZF1 signaling pathway. FEBS J 2017; 284:3000-3017. [PMID: 28703907 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis remains a major obstacle for improving overall cancer survival in cervical cancer (CC), which may be due to the existence of tumor microenvironment-related cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The mechanism underlying these processes needs to be further elucidated. Here, we report that TGF-β1, one of the key microenvironmental stimuli, can enhance CSC characteristics, facilitate the EMT, and induce CK17. Silencing CK17 expression attenuated CSC-like properties without affecting the EMT markers induced by TGF-β1, whereas forced overexpression of CK17 promoted lymphatic metastasis in vivo even without EMT inducement. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 signaling drastically decreased the induction of CK17 mediated by TGF-β1. By combined computational and experimental approaches, we identified and validated that MZF1 was a key transcription factor binding to the promoter of CK17. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CK17 induced by the TGF-β1-ERK1/2-MZF1 signaling pathway facilitates metastasis by promoting the acquisition of CSC properties rather than by inducing the EMT process in CC, suggesting that this CK17-related signaling pathway might be a suitable target for the development of therapy for CC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingfei Han
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyan Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangguang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyang Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suiqun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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42
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Wang H, Deng J, Ren HY, Jia P, Zhang W, Li MQ, Li SW, Zhou QH. STAT3 influences the characteristics of stem cells in cervical carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2131-2136. [PMID: 28781654 PMCID: PMC5530137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), signal transduction protein in regulating the biological characteristics of stem cells in cervical carcinoma. Overexpressed plasmid of STAT3 was constructed and used to transfect SiHa into cervical carcinoma cells. STAT3-targeted specific siRNA was designed and produced. The effects of STAT3 upregulation (or inhibition) on the expression of NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 markers of stem cells were measured, using western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. In addition, the tumor sphere experiment was also conducted to detect the formation of tumor spheres after the intervention of expression of STAT3 and the expression of STAT3, NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 was detected in 35 cases of cervical carcinoma tissues and 31 cases of normal cervical tissues using immunohistochemistry. We determined whether the STAT3 overexpression plasmid was successfully constructed using enzyme digestion, PCR for bacterium solution, western blot analysis and RT-qPCR and found that the plasmid met the requirements of subsequent procedures. Compared with the empty plasmid group and STAT3 low expression group, the mRNA and protein expression of markers of stem cells, OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG were significantly elevated in the STAT3 overexpression group with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), the formation ratio of tumor spheres in the STAT3 overexpression group was also significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). The positive expression of STAT3, OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 in the cervical squamous carcinoma group was also markedly higher than that in the chronic cervicitis group (P<0.05). This study led us to a conclusion that STAT3 can regulate the characteristics of stem cells in cervical carcinoma, and STAT3, NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 are highly expressed in cervical squamous carcinoma, thus able to promote the progression of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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Liu B, Gong S, Li Q, Chen X, Moore J, Suraneni MV, Badeaux MD, Jeter CR, Shen J, Mehmood R, Fan Q, Tang DG. Transgenic overexpression of NanogP8 in the mouse prostate is insufficient to initiate tumorigenesis but weakly promotes tumor development in the Hi-Myc mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52746-52760. [PMID: 28881767 PMCID: PMC5581066 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This project was undertaken to address a critical cancer biology question: Is overexpression of the pluripotency molecule Nanog sufficient to initiate tumor development in a somatic tissue? Nanog1 is critical for the self-renewal and pluripotency of ES cells, and its retrotransposed homolog, NanogP8 is preferentially expressed in somatic cancer cells. Our work has shown that shRNA-mediated knockdown of NanogP8 in prostate, breast, and colon cancer cells inhibits tumor regeneration whereas inducible overexpression of NanogP8 promotes cancer stem cell phenotypes and properties. To address the key unanswered question whether tissue-specific overexpression of NanogP8 is sufficient to promote tumor development in vivo, we generated a NanogP8 transgenic mouse model, in which the ARR2PB promoter was used to drive NanogP8 cDNA. Surprisingly, the ARR2PB-NanogP8 transgenic mice were viable, developed normally, and did not form spontaneous tumors in >2 years. Also, both wild type and ARR2PB-NanogP8 transgenic mice responded similarly to castration and regeneration and castrated ARR2PB-NanogP8 transgenic mice also did not develop tumors. By crossing the ARR2PB-NanogP8 transgenic mice with ARR2PB-Myc (i.e., Hi-Myc) mice, we found that the double transgenic (i.e., ARR2PB-NanogP8; Hi-Myc) mice showed similar tumor incidence and histology to the Hi-Myc mice. Interestingly, however, we observed white dots in the ventral lobes of the double transgenic prostates, which were characterized as overgrown ductules/buds featured by crowded atypical Nanog-expressing luminal cells. Taken together, our present work demonstrates that transgenic overexpression of NanogP8 in the mouse prostate is insufficient to initiate tumorigenesis but weakly promotes tumor development in the Hi-Myc mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigang Liu
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Shuai Gong
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - John Moore
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Mahipal V Suraneni
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Mark D Badeaux
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Collene R Jeter
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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44
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Osama A, Sabry D, Hassany SM, Abdelmoneim SS, Sabry A. SIRT-1expression is associated with expression of NANOG in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:155-63. [PMID: 27540973 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to investigate the quantitative expression of NANOG, p38 α , NCF2, ELF and TGF-β genes in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, adenoma and normal colonic tissue and their correlation with SIRT-1 protein level expression. METHOD This study enrolled one hundred sixty seven patients; group A: 87 patients with colonoscopic findings of no adenoma or adenocarcinoma and group B: 80 patients with colorectal mass. Consecutive colonoscopic examinations were conducted, and tissue samples were taken from the colonic lesions/masses. Total RNA was isolated and mRNA expression level of NANOG, mitogen activated p38α , Neutrophil Cytosol Factor 2 (NCF2), Embryonic Liver Fodrin (ELF) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) genes were quantified by qRT-PCR. Sirt-1 protein expression level was assessed by quantitative western blot. RESULTS There were significantly high level of mRNA transcripts expression of the genes studied in patients with adenocarcinoma and adenoma compared with normal tissue (P value < 0.01), NANOG, NCF2, ELF and TGF-β at a cut of > 0.314, > 0.392, 0.349 and 0.333 respectively showed sensitivity (96.5%, 98.8%, 95.3%, 98.8%) and specificity of (95.3%, 92.6%, 89.5%, 93.8%) respectively in diagnosing colonic adenocarcinoma. Sirt-1 protein level was significantly highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma compared to normal and adenoma colonic tissue and positively correlated with NANOG. CONCLUSION Over expression of NANOG, p38α , NCF2, ELF and TGF-β genes in both cases of adenocarcinoma and adenoma could have a diagnostic value. SIRT-1 and NANOG are high correlated biological markers for diagnosis and prognosis follow up in patients with adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Osama
- Biochemistry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Hassany
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Abeer Sabry
- Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Gong P, Wang Y, Gao Y, Gao M, Liu L, Qu P, Jin X, Gao Q. Msi1 promotes tumor progression by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer. Hum Pathol 2017; 65:53-61. [PMID: 28088346 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Musashi1 (Msi1) is an RNA-binding protein that has been reported to be a pivotal regulator in tumorigenesis and progression in several cancers. However, its function and mechanism in cervical cancer is still unknown. In this study, Msi1 expression was found elevated in cervical cancers by immunohistochemistry and correlated with poor outcomes. Then, endogenous Msi1 was silenced in cervical cancer cell lines by short hairpin RNA, and its function and mechanism were determined. The results showed that the silencing of Msi1 in SiHa and HeLa cells inhibited the cells' migratory and invasive abilities in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were down-regulated, and Wnt activity was inhibited by the silencing of Msi1. In clinical tissues, positive correlations between Msi1 and EMT markers were found. In conclusion, Msi1, a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target, promoted the EMT progression through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in cervical cancers, thereby contributing to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijun Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yane Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Electric Power Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xianyang First People's Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 717200, China
| | - Xinxing Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Organista-Nava J, Gómez-Gómez Y, Ocadiz-Delgado R, García-Villa E, Bonilla-Delgado J, Lagunas-Martínez A, Tapia JSO, Lambert PF, García-Carrancá A, Gariglio P. The HPV16 E7 oncoprotein increases the expression of Oct3/4 and stemness-related genes and augments cell self-renewal. Virology 2016; 499:230-242. [PMID: 27693927 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oct3/4 is a transcription factor involved in maintenance of the pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. The E7 oncoprotein and 17β-estradiol (E2) are key factors in cervical carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and E2 on the expression pattern of Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4. We also determined whether the E7 oncoprotein is associated with cell self-renewal. The results showed that Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4 were upregulated by the E7 oncoprotein in vivo and in vitro and implicate E2 in the upregulation of these factors in vivo. We also demonstrated that E7 is involved in cell self-renewal, suggesting that the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein upregulates Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4 expression to maintain the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Organista-Nava
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Yazmín Gómez-Gómez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Enrique García-Villa
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 07760, México
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- División de Biología Molecular de Patógenos, CISEI, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Santa-Olalla Tapia
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Medicina Molecular, "Dr. Ruy Pérez Tamayo", Hospital del Niño y el Adolescente Morelense, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonóma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14080, México.
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México.
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Yao T, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Lin R, Lin Z. Cervical cancer stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 48:611-25. [PMID: 26597379 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer stem cells (CSC) has been established over the past decade or so, and their role in carcinogenic processes has been confirmed. In this review, we focus on cervical CSCs, including (1) their purported origin, (2) markers used for cervical CSC identification, (3) alterations to signalling pathways in cervical cancer and (4) the cancer stem cell niche. Although cervical CSCs have not yet been definitively identified and characterized, future studies pursuing them as therapeutic targets may provide novel insights for treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rongbiao Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yizhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rongchun Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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ZHAO XUANZHONG, WANG FENG, HOU MINGXING. Expression of stem cell markers nanog and PSCA in gastric cancer and its significance. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:442-448. [PMID: 26870231 PMCID: PMC4727111 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the expression of stem cell markers Nanog compared with PSCA in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and to investigate the association between tumor stem cells and initiation, progression, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancer. One hundred chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-naive patients with pathologically confirmed gastric cancer were enrolled from the General Surgery Department and Surgical Oncology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Hohhot, P.R. China), between October 2011 and June 2013. Surgically resected specimens of cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (>5 cm from the boundary of cancerous component) were collected. The mRNA expression levels of Nanog and PSCA in those tissues was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The correlation between the expression of stem cell markers Nanog and PSCA in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The qPCR results demonstrated that the relative expression of Nanog was increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with in the adjacent tissues (P<0.05); and relative expression of PSCA was reduced in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expression of Nanog and PSCA in gastric cancer tissues was associated with tumor differentiation. The expression of Nanog was increased in poorly-differentiated and undifferentiated tumors compared with moderately- and well-differentiated tumors (P<0.05). The expression of PSCA was reduced in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated tumors compared with moderately- and well-differentiated tumors (P<0.05). However, the expression of Nanog and PSCA was not associated with age, gender, tumor size, TNM stage, depth of invasion, or lymph node metastasis. Therefore, Nanog and PSCA may have potential as molecular markers to reflect the differentiation status of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUANZHONG ZHAO
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - FENG WANG
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - MINGXING HOU
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
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49
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STAT3 correlates with stem cell-related transcription factors in cervical cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:891-897. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Wong OGW, Cheung ANY. Stem cell transcription factor NANOG in cancers--is eternal youth a curse? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:407-17. [PMID: 26634876 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1112791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeting cancer stem cells can be a more effective approach to treat cancer. NANOG is one of the key factors for maintaining the self-renewal ability and pluripotency of stem cells, including cancer stem cells. Overexpression of NANOG has been observed in various human malignancies. Several reports have suggested that NANOG contributes to carcinogenesis by initiating and preserving cancer stem cells. It is obvious that NANOG is also involved in establishing other hallmarks of cancer such as uncontrolled cell growth, chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. AREAS COVERED This review will discuss the molecular properties and oncogenic roles of NANOG. The idea of using agents that inhibit the transcription factor to treat cancer is presented. Interfering with NANOG-mediated transcriptions using small interfering RNA, transcription factor decoy, genome editing, and small-molecule inhibitors may provide novel strategies to target cancer stem cells. EXPERT OPINION As a pivotal controller in cancer stem cell maintenance and a positive regulator of various oncogenic pathways, NANOG may be an important target for cancer therapy. However, as a transcription factor, it is inherently difficult to target by pharmacological means. Novel approaches need to be explored before the inhibition of NANOG can be applied in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar G W Wong
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , People's Republic of China
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , People's Republic of China
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