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Chen J, Zhuang W, Xia Y, Yin X, Tu M, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Huang H, Zhang S, You L, Huang Y. Construction and validation of a novel IGFBP3-related signature to predict prognosis and therapeutic decision making for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15554. [PMID: 37397026 PMCID: PMC10312159 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IGFBP3 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis by being anomalously expressed in some malignancies. However, the clinical value of IGFBP3 and the role of IGFBP3-related signature in HCC remain unclear. Methods Multiple bioinformatics methods were used to determine the expression and diagnostic values of IGFBP3. The expression level of IGFBP3 was validated by RT-qPCR and IHC. A IGFBP3-related risk score (IGRS) was built via correlation analysis and LASSO Cox regression analysis. Further analyses, including functional enrichment, immune status of risk groups were analyzed, and the role of IGRS in guiding clinical treatment was also evaluated. Results IGFBP3 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC. IGFBP3 expression correlated with multiple clinicopathological characteristics and demonstrated a powerful diagnostic capability for HCC. In addition, a novel IGRS signature was developed in TCGA, which exhibited good performance for prognosis prediction and its role was further validated in GSE14520. In TCGA and GSE14520, Cox analysis also confirmed that the IGRS could serve as an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Moreover, a nomogram with good accuracy for predicting the survival of HCC was further formulated. Additionally, enrichment analysis showed that the high-IGRS group was enriched in cancer-related pathways and immune-related pathways. Additionally, patients with high IGRS exhibited an immunosuppressive phenotype. Therefore, patients with low IGRS scores may benefit from immunotherapy. Conclusions IGFBP3 can act as a new diagnostic factor for HCC. IGRS signature represents a valuable predictive tool in the prognosis prediction and therapeutic decision making for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanzhen Zhuang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Tu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
| | - Hengbin Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
| | - Songgao Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
| | - Lisheng You
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, china
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Ding TY, Peng YH, Hong CQ, Huang BL, Liu CT, Luo Y, Chu LY, Zhang B, Li XH, Qu QQ, Xu YW, Wu FC. Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:128. [PMID: 36409444 PMCID: PMC9679126 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA) lacks serum biomarkers to assist in diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in EJA patients. METHODS 320 participants were recruited from November 2016 to January 2020, who were randomly divided into a training cohort (112 normal controls and 102 EJA patients including 24 early-stage patients) and a validation cohort (56 normal controls and 50 EJA patients including 12 early-stage patients). We used receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) to evaluate diagnostic value. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by the concordance index (C-index). RESULTS Serum IGFBP3 levels were significantly lower in early-stage EJA or EJA patients than those in controls (P < 0.01). Measurement of serum IGFBP3 demonstrated an area under curve of 0.819, specificity 90.18% and sensitivity 43.14% in training cohort. Similar results were observed in validation cohort (0.804, 87.50%, 42.00%). Importantly, serum IGFBP3 had a satisfactory diagnostic value for early-stage EJA (0.822, 90.18%, 45.83% and 0.811, 84.48%, 50.00% in training and validation cohorts, respectively). Furthermore, survival analysis demonstrated that lower serum IGFBP3 level was related to poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that serum IGFBP3 was an independent prognostic factor (HR = 0.468, P = 0.005). Compared with TNM stage, a nomogram based on serum IGFBP3, tumor size and TNM stage indicated an improved C-index in prognostic prediction (0.625 vs. 0.735, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that serum IGFBP3 was a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of EJA. Meanwhile, the nomogram might predict the prognosis of EJA more accurately and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Department of Oncological Laboratory Research, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Can-Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Qi Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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Aslan A, Erdem H, Celik MA, Sahin A, Cankaya S. Investigation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), P53, and Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) Expression Levels in the Colon Polyp Subtypes in Colon Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5510-5517. [PMID: 31341157 PMCID: PMC6676992 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no study in the literature investigating the expression levels of WT1, p53, and IGF-1 in colon polyp subtypes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression levels of IGF-1, p53, and WT1 in colon polyp subtypes and to determine whether expression levels are correlated with each other. Material/Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from 105 patients (80 men, 25 women; age range, 30–91 years) who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) at Ordu University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology between January 2015 and 2017. Parameters such as age, sex, region of origin, and pathological diagnosis type were determined. The preparations were immunohistochemically stained with corresponding markers. Results The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between WT1 expression (negative – positive) in polyps and the place where the sample was taken (P=0.011). There is a positive relationship between P53 staining score (0–3) and positive frequency of IGF-1 (60.9–85.7%). There was a statistically significant change in P53 scores and location (P=0.006, p=0.015, respectively). As the P53 score of the polyps increased (0 to 3), the rate of adenomatous (34.8–78.4%) increased, so a positive relationship was found. WT1 and IGF-1 gene expression was associated with tumor location, p53 staining score, and sex. Conclusions WT1 and IGF-1 are appropriate markers for CRC, and WT1 expression in CRC primary tumors especially could be a novel independent marker for prognosis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Havva Erdem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Soner Cankaya
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Hou YL, Luo P, Ji GY, Chen H. Clinical significance of serum IGFBP-3 in colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22912. [PMID: 31218761 PMCID: PMC6642311 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IGF-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3)has previously been identified as tumor marker. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum IGFBP-3 in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Serum was collected from 70 CRC patients and 50 healthy volunteer controls. Serum IGFBP-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured using electrogenerated chemiluminescence immunoassay and compared between groups. Relationships between serum IGFBP-3 level and the clinical characteristics of CRC were also analyzed. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to investigate diagnostic efficacy of serum IGFBP-3 and CEA, respectively, for CRC. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. RESULTS Serum IGFBP-3 levels in CRC were lower than those of controls (4.68 [3.56, 5.77] vs 5.44 [4.77, 6.10] µg/mL, P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum IGFBP-3 levels were higher in early cancer stages (I and II) than those of advanced stages (III and IV) (4.78 [3.92, 5.49] vs 3.77 [2.65, 4.59] µg/mL, P < 0.05). In addition, patients with lymph node metastasis absent had elevated serum IGFBP-3 levels than those of patients with lymph node metastasis present (4.73 [3.92, 5.72] vs 4.11 [2.45, 4.83] µg/mL, P = 0.02). Finally, ROC curve indicated that serum IGFBP-3 had a better diagnostic power for CRC than CEA. When serum IGFBP-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen were used together to detect CRC, the AUC was 0.949, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS Serum IGFBP-3 might be a potential biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Hou
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Molnár B, Galamb O, Péterfia B, Wichmann B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Kalmár A, Szigeti KA, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Valcz G, Patai ÁV, Igaz P, Tulassay Z. Gene promoter and exon DNA methylation changes in colon cancer development - mRNA expression and tumor mutation alterations. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:695. [PMID: 29945573 PMCID: PMC6020382 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA mutations occur randomly and sporadically in growth-related genes, mostly on cytosines. Demethylation of cytosines may lead to genetic instability through spontaneous deamination. Aims were whole genome methylation and targeted mutation analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related genes and mRNA expression analysis of TP53 pathway genes. Methods Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) BS-PCR followed by pyrosequencing was performed for the estimation of global DNA metlyation levels along the colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methyl capture sequencing was done on 6 normal adjacent (NAT), 15 adenomatous (AD) and 9 CRC tissues. Overall quantitative methylation analysis, selection of top hyper/hypomethylated genes, methylation analysis on mutation regions and TP53 pathway gene promoters were performed. Mutations of 12 CRC-related genes (APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, FBXW7, KRAS, NRAS, MSH6, PIK3CA, SMAD2, SMAD4, TP53) were evaluated. mRNA expression of TP53 pathway genes was also analyzed. Results According to the LINE-1 methylation results, overall hypomethylation was observed along the normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Within top50 differential methylated regions (DMRs), in AD-N comparison TP73, NGFR, PDGFRA genes were hypermethylated, FMN1, SLC16A7 genes were hypomethylated. In CRC-N comparison DKK2, SDC2, SOX1 genes showed hypermethylation, while ERBB4, CREB5, CNTN1 genes were hypomethylated. In certain mutation hot spot regions significant DNA methylation alterations were detected. The TP53 gene body was addressed by hypermethylation in adenomas. APC, TP53 and KRAS mutations were found in 30, 15, 21% of adenomas, and in 29, 53, 29% of CRCs, respectively. mRNA expression changes were observed in several TP53 pathway genes showing promoter methylation alterations. Conclusions DNA methylation with consecutive phenotypic effect can be observed in a high number of promoter and gene body regions through CRC development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary. .,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.,Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Andrea Szigeti
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
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6
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Yamamoto N, Oshima T, Yoshihara K, Aoyama T, Hayashi T, Yamada T, Sato T, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Morinaga S, Rino Y, Kunisaki C, Tanaka K, Akaike M, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinicopathological significance and impact on outcomes of the gene expression levels of IGF-1, IGF-2 and IGF-1R, IGFBP-3 in patients with colorectal cancer: Overexpression of the IGFBP-3 gene is an effective predictor of outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3958-3966. [PMID: 28521493 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) system is involved in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis in cancer. The current study investigated the association of IGF-1, IGF-2 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), IGF binding proteins type 3 (IGFBP-3) mRNA expression levels with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of 202 patients with untreated colorectal cancer (CRC). IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression levels were analyzed in surgical specimens of cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The IGF-1R gene expression level was significantly higher in cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal mucosa. By contrast, IGF-1 gene expression levels were reduced in cancer tissue compared with normal mucosa. IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 gene expression levels did not differ significantly between cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa. As for the association of gene expression and clinicopathological characteristics, IGFBP-3 gene expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. High IGFBP-3 gene expression was associated with poor 5-year overall survival compared with patients with low IGFBP-3 expression. Furthermore, IGFBP-3 gene expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor using multivariate analysis. Overexpression of the IGFBP-3 gene is considered an effective independent predictor of outcomes in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshihara
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Soichiro Morinaga
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Chikara Kunisaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Tanaka
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Makoto Akaike
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Imada
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Relevance of fruits, vegetables and flavonoids from fruits and vegetables during early life, mid-childhood and adolescence for levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and its binding proteins IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in young adulthood. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:527-37. [PMID: 26628272 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has been linked to insulin metabolism and cancer risk. Experimental evidence indicates that the GH-IGF axis itself can be influenced by dietary flavonoids. As fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is a major source of flavonoid consumption, FV's beneficial health effects may be explained via flavonoids' influence on the GH-IGF axis, but observational evidence is currently rare. We used data from Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study participants to analyse prospective associations between FV, fruit intake and flavonoid intake from FV (FlavFV) with IGF-1 and its binding proteins IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. Subjects needed to provide a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18-39 years) and at least two 3-d weighed dietary records in early life (0·5-2 years, n 191), mid-childhood (3-7 years, n 265) or adolescence (girls: 9-15 years, boys: 10-16 years, n 261). Additional analyses were conducted among those providing at least three 24-h urine samples in adolescence (n 236) to address the predictor urinary hippuric acid (HA), a biomarker of polyphenol intake. Higher fruit intake in mid-childhood and adolescence was related to higher IGFBP-2 in adulthood (P=0·03 and P=0·045). Comparable trends (P=0·045-0·09) were discernable for FV intake (but not FlavFV) in all three time windows. Similarly, higher adolescent HA excretion tended to be related (P=0·06) to higher adult IGFBP-2 levels. Regarding IGFBP-3, a marginal (P=0·08) positive association was observed with FlavFV in mid-childhood only. None of the investigated dietary factors was related to IGF-1. In conclusion, higher fruit and FV intakes during growth may be relevant for adult IGFBP-2, but probably not for IGFBP-3 or IGF-1.
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8
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Santoro MA, Blue RE, Andres SF, Mah AT, Van Landeghem L, Lund PK. Obesity and intestinal epithelial deletion of the insulin receptor, but not the IGF 1 receptor, affect radiation-induced apoptosis in colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G578-89. [PMID: 26251471 PMCID: PMC4593818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00189.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current views suggest that apoptosis eliminates genetically damaged cells that may otherwise form tumors. Prior human studies link elevated insulin and reduced apoptosis to risk of colorectal adenomas. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity would lead to reduced colon epithelial cell (CEC) apoptosis after radiation and that this effect would be altered by deletion of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 receptor (IGF1R) or the insulin receptor (IR). Mice with villin-Cre-mediated IGF1R or IR deletion in CECs and floxed littermates were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and hyperinsulinemia or control low-fat chow. Mice were exposed to 5-Gy abdominal radiation to induce DNA damage and euthanized 4 h later for evaluation of apoptosis by localization of cleaved caspase-3. Obese mice exhibited decreased apoptosis of genetically damaged CECs. IGF1R deletion did not affect CEC apoptosis in lean or obese animals. In contrast, IR loss increased CEC apoptosis in both diet groups but did not prevent antiapoptotic effects of obesity. Levels of p53 protein were significantly reduced in CECs of obese mice with intact IR but increased in both lean and obese mice without IR. Levels of mRNAs encoding proapoptotic Perp and the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1b/p27 were reduced in CECs of obese mice and increased in lean mice lacking IR. Together, our studies provide novel evidence for antiapoptotic roles of obesity and IR, but not IGF1R, in colonic epithelium after DNA damage. However, neither IR nor IGF1R deletion prevented a reduction in radiation-induced CEC apoptosis during obesity and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Agostina Santoro
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - R. Eric Blue
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Sarah F. Andres
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Amanda T. Mah
- 2Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - P. Kay Lund
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
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9
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Yoon YS, Keum N, Zhang X, Cho E, Giovannucci EL. Circulating levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and colorectal adenomas: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:1026-35. [PMID: 26388613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, and is thereby implicated in carcinogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) may antagonize IGF-1 action, leading to inhibition of the potential tumorigenicity of IGF-1. We conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the association between IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and the risk of colorectal adenomas (CRAs). Further, we investigated whether this association was different between occurrent and recurrent CRA, by adjustment for obesity, and by advanced CRA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched up to April, 2015 to identify relevant observational studies and summary odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 12 studies (11 studies including 3038 cases for IGF-1, 12 studies including 3208 cases for IGFBP-3, and 7 studies including 1867 cases for IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio) were included in this meta-analysis. The summary ORs of occurrent CRA for the highest versus lowest category of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were 1.13 (95% CI: 0.95-1.34), 0.99 (0.84-1.16), and 1.05 (0.86-1.29), respectively. Higher IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were significantly associated with decreased risk of recurrent CRA (OR for IGF-1=0.60 [95% CI: 0.42-0.85]; IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio=0.65 [0.44-0.96]). A stratified analysis by advancement of occurrent CRA produced a significant summary OR of IGF-1 for advanced CRA (OR=2.21 [1.08-4.52]) but not for non-advanced CRA (OR=0.89 [0.55-1.45]). We did not find significant publication bias or heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and their molar ratio were not associated with the risk of occurrence of CRA, but IGF-1 was associated with the increased risk for occurrence of advanced CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Sook Yoon
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 411-706, South Korea.
| | - NaNa Keum
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Santoro MA, Andres SF, Galanko JA, Sandler RS, Keku TO, Lund PK. Reduced insulin-like growth factor I receptor and altered insulin receptor isoform mRNAs in normal mucosa predict colorectal adenoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2093-100. [PMID: 25017244 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia resulting from obesity and insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of many cancers, but the biology underlying this risk is unclear. We hypothesized that increased mRNA levels of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) versus the insulin receptor (IR) or elevated ratio of IR-A:IR-B isoforms in normal rectal mucosa would predict adenoma risk, particularly in individuals with high body mass index (BMI) or plasma insulin. METHODS Biopsies from normal rectal mucosa were obtained from consenting patients undergoing routine colonoscopy at University of North Carolina Hospitals (Chapel Hill, NC). Subjects with colorectal adenomas were classified as cases (n = 100) and were matched to adenoma-free controls (n = 98) based on age, sex, and BMI. IGFIR and IR mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR, and IR-A:IR-B mRNA ratios by standard PCR. Plasma insulin and crypt apoptosis were measured by ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. Logistic regression models examined relationships between receptor mRNAs, BMI, plasma insulin, and adenoma risk. RESULTS Unexpectedly, cases were significantly more likely to have lower IGFIR mRNA levels than controls. No overall differences in total IR mRNA or IR-A:IR-B ratios were observed between cases and controls. Interestingly, in patients with high plasma insulin, increased IR-A:IR-B ratio was associated with increased likelihood of having adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows novel findings that reduced IGFIR mRNA and, during high plasma insulin, increased IR-A:IR-B ratios in normal rectal mucosa are associated with colorectal adenoma risk. IMPACT Our work provides evidence supporting a link between IGFIR and IR isoform expression levels and colorectal adenoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agostina Santoro
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Galanko
- Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Department of Medicine and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - P Kay Lund
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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11
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Yi J, Radosevich AJ, Stypula-Cyrus Y, Mutyal NN, Azarin SM, Horcher E, Goldberg MJ, Bianchi LK, Bajaj S, Roy HK, Backman V. Spatially resolved optical and ultrastructural properties of colorectal and pancreatic field carcinogenesis observed by inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:36013. [PMID: 24643530 PMCID: PMC4019430 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.3.036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Field carcinogenesis is the initial stage of cancer progression. Understanding field carcinogenesis is valuable for both cancer biology and clinical medicine. Here, we used inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography to study colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) field carcinogenesis. Depth-resolved optical and ultrastructural properties of the mucosa were quantified from histologically normal rectal biopsies from patients with and without colon adenomas (n=85) as well as from histologically normal peri-ampullary duodenal biopsies from patients with and without PC (n=22). Changes in the epithelium and stroma in CRC field carcinogenesis were separately quantified. In both compartments, optical and ultra-structural alterations were consistent. Optical alterations included lower backscattering (μb) and reduced scattering (μs') coefficients and higher anisotropy factor g. Ultrastructurally pronounced alterations were observed at length scales up to ∼450 nm, with the shape of the mass density correlation function having a higher shape factor D, thus implying a shift to larger length scales. Similar alterations were found in the PC field carcinogenesis despite the difference in genetic pathways and etiologies. We further verified that the chromatin clumping in epithelial cells and collagen cross-linking caused D to increase in vitro and could be among the mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in epithelium and stroma, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yi
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Andrew J. Radosevich
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Yolanda Stypula-Cyrus
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Nikhil N. Mutyal
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Samira Michelle Azarin
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Elizabeth Horcher
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Michael J. Goldberg
- NorthShore University Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Laura K. Bianchi
- NorthShore University Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Shailesh Bajaj
- NorthShore University Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Address all correspondence to: Vadim Backman, E-mail:
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12
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Backman V, Roy HK. Advances in biophotonics detection of field carcinogenesis for colon cancer risk stratification. J Cancer 2013; 4:251-61. [PMID: 23459690 PMCID: PMC3584838 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of neoplastic transformation of the colon involves a progression through hyperproliferative epithelium through the aberrant crypt foci→small adenoma→large adenoma→invasive cancer→metastatic disease. These are orchestrated by sequential genetic and epigenetic events which provide the underpinnings of cellular alterations such as early induction in proliferation/suppression of apoptosis, along with the late stage increase in invasiveness. Colorectal cancer (CRC) averages 49-111 mutations per tumor encompassing 10-15 critical signaling pathways[1]. Accumulating such a high number of mutations requires a fertile mutational field, which is the hallmark of colon carcinogenesis. While genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer is well-known, at least half of the risk is believed to be due to exogeneous factors (e.g., obesity, diet, exercise). Understanding these risk factors represents a promising mode of tailoring screening modality and intensity. However, previous attempts using these factors (i.e., NCI risk calculator) have only been modestly successful with an area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of just 0.61. One of the most important concepts is that risk is the interaction between these genetic and environmental components and is driven by the variety of polymorphisms. Thus, predicting risk is difficult given the complexity. On the other hand, the colonic mucosa represents the end product of the complex interplay between these multiple factors. The power of field carcinogenesis is that it reflects this interplay between genetics and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Backman
- 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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13
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Kang M, Edmundson P, Araujo-Perez F, McCoy AN, Galanko J, Keku TO. Association of plasma endotoxin, inflammatory cytokines and risk of colorectal adenomas. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:91. [PMID: 23442743 PMCID: PMC3599094 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that bacterial endotoxins may be associated with various chronic diseases, including colorectal adenomas and cancer. Given the evidence linking inflammation and colorectal cancer, we sought to determine if plasma endotoxin concentrations are associated with indicators of systemic or local inflammation and colorectal adenomas. Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of participants who underwent screening colonoscopies and included adenoma cases (n=138) and non-adenoma controls (n=324). Plasma concentrations of endotoxin were measured with Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. We quantified concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in plasma by ELISA and mRNA expression levels in rectal mucosal biopsies by quantitative RT-PCR. Interleukin-17 was evaluated only in the rectal mucosa. Results Compared to subjects with low plasma endotoxin concentrations, those with higher concentrations were more likely to have adenomas (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.1). Among subjects with adenomas, those with villous histology were more likely to have higher endotoxin concentrations (5.4 vs. 4.1EU/mL, p=0.05) and lower plasma IFN-γ (0 vs. 1.64 pg/mL, p=0.02) compared to those with only tubular adenomas. Cases showed a trend of having higher plasma TNF-α levels than controls (p=0.06), but none of the other plasma or rectal mucosal cytokine levels differed between cases and controls. Elevated mucosal IL-12 levels were associated with having multiple adenomas (p=0.04). Higher concentrations of plasma endotoxin predicted increased plasma IL-12 levels (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and rectal mucosal IL-12 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.7) and IL-17 gene expression (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.6). Conclusions These findings suggest that interactions between elevated plasma endotoxin concentrations and inflammatory cytokines may be relevant to the development of colorectal adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kang
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, 103 Mason Farm Road, 7340 Medical Biomolecular Research Building, CB # 7032, 27599-7032, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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14
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Vidal AC, Lund PK, Hoyo C, Galanko J, Burcal L, Holston R, Massa B, Omofoye O, Sandler RS, Keku TO. Elevated C-peptide and insulin predict increased risk of colorectal adenomas in normal mucosa. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:389. [PMID: 22950808 PMCID: PMC3489909 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower concentrations of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and elevated concentrations of insulin or C-peptide have been associated with an increase in colorectal cancer risk (CRC). However few studies have evaluated IGFBP-1 and C-peptide in relation to adenomatous polyps, the only known precursor for CRC. METHODS Between November 2001 and December 2002, we examined associations between circulating concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, IGFBP-1 and apoptosis among 190 individuals with one or more adenomatous polyps and 488 with no adenomatous polyps using logistic regression models. RESULTS Individuals with the highest concentrations of C-peptide were more likely to have adenomas (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-4.0) than those with the lowest concentrations; associations that appeared to be stronger in men (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.7-10.9) than women. Individuals with high insulin concentrations also had a higher risk of adenomas (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.7-7.4), whereas higher levels of IGFBP-1 were associated with a reduced risk of adenomas in men only (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7). Overweight and obese individuals with higher C-peptide levels (>1(st) Q) were at increased risk for lower apoptosis index (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.9-7.1), an association that remained strong in overweight and obese men (OR = 6.3, 95% CI 1.0-36.7). Higher levels of IGFBP-1 in overweight and obese individuals were associated with a reduced risk of low apoptosis (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-1.0). CONCLUSIONS Associations between these peptides and the apoptosis index in overweight and obese individuals, suggest that the mechanism by which C-peptide could induce adenomas may include its anti-apoptotic properties. This study suggests that hyperinsulinemia and IGF hormones predict adenoma risk, and that outcomes associated with colorectal carcinogenesis maybe modified by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Kielczewski JL, Hu P, Shaw LC, Li Calzi S, Mames RN, Gardiner TA, McFarland E, Chan-Ling T, Grant MB. Novel protective properties of IGFBP-3 result in enhanced pericyte ensheathment, reduced microglial activation, increased microglial apoptosis, and neuronal protection after ischemic retinal injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1517-28. [PMID: 21435441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the perivascular cell responses to increased endothelial cell expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in mouse retina. The contribution of bone marrow cells in the IGFBP-3-mediated response was examined using green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP(+)) adult chimeric mice subjected to laser-induced retinal vessel occlusion injury. Intravitreal injection of an endothelial-specific IGFBP-3-expressing plasmid resulted in increased differentiation of GFP(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into pericytes and astrocytes as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Administration of IGFBP-3 plasmid to mouse pups that underwent the oxygen-induced retinopathy model resulted in increased pericyte ensheathment and reduced pericyte apoptosis in the developing retina. Increased IGFBP-3 expression reduced the number of activated microglial cells and decreased apoptosis of neuronal cells in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model. In summary, IGFBP-3 increased differentiation of GFP(+) HSCs into pericytes and astrocytes while increasing vascular ensheathment of pericytes and decreasing apoptosis of pericytes and retinal neurons. All of these cytoprotective effects exhibited by IGFBP-3 overexpression can result in a more stable retinal vascular bed. Thus, endothelial expression of IGFBP-3 may represent a physiologic response to injury and may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic vascular eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kielczewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
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Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is not an independent biomarker of colorectal adenoma risk. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:144. [PMID: 20500855 PMCID: PMC2883989 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and its associated pathologies are increasingly suggested as risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previous research from our group has shown that increased levels of circulating, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFalpha promote colorectal adenoma risk. Emerging data in mice and humans suggest that Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) may act as a tumor suppressor in the intestine, and decreased SOCS3 expression may promote CRC. As SOCS3 has been shown to inhibit the actions of IL-6 and TNFalpha in the intestine, we hypothesized that decreased SOCS3 expression in normal mucosa may predispose to adenomas and thus increase risk for CRC. FINDINGS We examined SOCS3 mRNA levels in normal mucosa biopsies of 322 screening colonoscopy patients (93 with adenoma and 229 without adenoma) using real-time qRT-PCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals to determine if low SOCS3 expression was associated with adenoma status. Median SOCS3 values did not differ between patients with or without adenoma. Logistic regression analysis showed no association (unadjusted or adjusted for age and sex) between SOCS3 and colorectal adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Low SOCS3 mRNA expression is not an independent biomarker of colorectal adenoma risk in the normal mucosa. SOCS3 silencing likely occurs later in CRC progression.
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Ivory CPA, Wallace LE, McCafferty DM, Sigalet DL. Interleukin-10-independent anti-inflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 2. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G1202-10. [PMID: 18845573 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90494.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is an important intestinal growth factor with anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that GLP-2 decreases mucosal inflammation and the associated increased epithelial proliferation by downregulation of Th1 cytokines attributable to reprogramming of lamina propria immune regulatory cells via an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-independent pathway. The effects of GLP-2 treatment were studied using the IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mouse model of colitis. Wild-type and IL-10(-/-) mice received saline or GLP-2 (50 microg/kg sc) treatment for 5 days. GLP-2 treatment resulted in significant amelioration of animal weight loss and reduced intestinal inflammation as assessed by histopathology and myeloperoxidase levels compared with saline-treated animals. In colitis animals, GLP-2 treatment also reduced crypt cell proliferation and crypt cell apoptosis. Proinflammatory (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma,) cytokine protein levels were significantly reduced after GLP-2 treatment, whereas IL-4 was significantly increased and IL-6 production was unchanged. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of lamina propria cells demonstrated a decrease in the CD4(+) T cell population following GLP-2 treatment in colitic mice and an increase in CD11b(+)/F4/80(+) macrophages but no change in CD25(+)FoxP3 T cells or CD11c(+) dendritic cells. In colitis animals, intracellular cytokine analysis demonstrated that GLP-2 decreased lamina propria macrophage TNF-alpha production but increased IGF-1 production, whereas transforming growth factor-beta was unchanged. GLP-2-mediated reduction of crypt cell proliferation was associated with an increase in intestinal epithelial cell suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 expression and reduced STAT-3 signaling. This study shows that the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-2 are IL-10 independent and that GLP-2 alters the mucosal response of inflamed intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. In addition, the suggested mechanism of the reduction in inflammation-induced proliferation is attributable to GLP-2 activation of the SOCS-3 pathway, which antagonizes the IL-6-mediated increase in STAT-3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P A Ivory
- Faculty of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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