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Mesenchymal stem cells: A living carrier for active tumor-targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114300. [PMID: 35447165 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a living carrier for active delivery of therapeutic agents targeting tumor sites has been attempted in a wide range of studies to validate the feasibility and efficacy for tumor treatment. This approach reveals powerful tumor targeting and tumor penetration. In addition, MSCs have been confirmed to actively participate in immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, MSCs are not inert delivery vehicles but have a strong impact on the fate of tumor cells. In this review, these active properties of MSCs are addressed to highlight the advantages and challenges of using MSCs for tumor-targeted delivery. In addition, some of the latest examples of using MSCs to carry a variety of anti-tumor agents for tumor-targeted therapy are summarized. Recent technologies to improve the performance and safety of this delivery strategy will be introduced. The advances, applications, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for actively delivering drugs to tumor tissues.
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2
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Yang J, Zhang L. The roles and therapeutic approaches of MSC-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:959-967. [PMID: 35037237 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women, accounting for 8% of all new cancer cases in both. CRC is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to a higher mortality rate. The 5-year survival rate for CRC is 64% in all cases and just 12% in metastatic cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most recent approaches for therapeutic interventions in cancer. MSCs have multiple properties, including paracrine signaling, immunologic functions, and the ability to migrate to the targeted tissue. MSCs can produce and secrete exosomes in tumor microenvironments. These exosomes can transfer compounds across tumor cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Studies showed that modified MCS-derived exosomes have enhanced specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and better targeting capabilities in comparison to other frequently used delivery systems such as liposomes. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the role of natural MSC-derived exosomes in CRC, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in MSC-derived exosome therapeutic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Anorectal, Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Liman Zhang
- Anorectal, Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
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3
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Xuan X, Tian C, Zhao M, Sun Y, Huang C. Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:595. [PMID: 34736460 PMCID: PMC8570012 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment appears to play an increasingly important role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Several types of cells within the tumor stroma had distinct impacts on cancer progression, either promoting or inhibiting cancer cell growth. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a distinct type of cells that is linked to tumor development. MSCs are recognized for homing to tumor locations and promoting or inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, emerging studies suggests that MSCs are also involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we analyzed the existing researches and elaborate on the functions of MSCs in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance, demonstrating that MSCs may be a viable cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chunxia Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changzheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Kułach N, Pilny E, Cichoń T, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Rusin M, Drzyzga A, Matuszczak S, Szala S, Smolarczyk R. Mesenchymal stromal cells as carriers of IL-12 reduce primary and metastatic tumors of murine melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18335. [PMID: 34526531 PMCID: PMC8443548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to immunosuppressive properties and confirmed tropism towards cancer cells mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been used in many trials. In our study we used these cells as carriers of IL-12 in the treatment of mice with primary and metastatic B16-F10 melanomas. IL-12 has confirmed anti-cancer activity, induces a strong immune response against cancer cells and acts as an anti-angiogenic agent. A major limitation of the use of IL-12 in therapy is its systemic toxicity. The aim of the work was to develop a system in which cytokine may be administered intravenously without toxic side effects. In this study MSC were used as carriers of the IL-12. We confirmed antitumor effectiveness of the cells secreting IL-12 (MSC/IL-12) in primary and metastatic murine melanoma models. We observed inhibition of tumor growth and a significant reduction in the number of metastases in mice after MSC/IL-12 administration. MSC/IL-12 decreased vascular density and increased the number of anticancer M1 macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumors of treated mice. To summarize, we showed that MSC are an effective, safe carrier of IL-12 cytokine. Administered systemically they exert therapeutic properties of IL-12 cytokine without toxicity. Therapeutic effect may be a result of pleiotropic (proinflammatory and anti-angiogenic) properties of IL-12 released by modified MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kułach
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pilny
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alina Drzyzga
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sybilla Matuszczak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szala
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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5
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Levy O, Kuai R, Siren EMJ, Bhere D, Milton Y, Nissar N, De Biasio M, Heinelt M, Reeve B, Abdi R, Alturki M, Fallatah M, Almalik A, Alhasan AH, Shah K, Karp JM. Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6884. [PMID: 32832666 PMCID: PMC7439491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 1050 clinical trials are registered at FDA.gov that explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for nearly every clinical application imaginable, including neurodegenerative and cardiac disorders, perianal fistulas, graft-versus-host disease, COVID-19, and cancer. Several companies have or are in the process of commercializing MSC-based therapies. However, most of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points. The innate therapeutic functions of MSCs administered to humans are not as robust as demonstrated in preclinical studies, and in general, the translation of cell-based therapy is impaired by a myriad of steps that introduce heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the major clinical challenges with MSC therapies, the details of these challenges, and the potential bioengineering approaches that leverage the unique biology of MSCs to overcome the challenges and achieve more potent and versatile therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Levy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika M. J. Siren
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhere
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Milton
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Nissar
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael De Biasio
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Heinelt
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brock Reeve
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meshael Alturki
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Fallatah
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Alhasan
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Shah
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Hill BS, Pelagalli A, Passaro N, Zannetti A. Tumor-educated mesenchymal stem cells promote pro-metastatic phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73296-73311. [PMID: 29069870 PMCID: PMC5641213 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited into tumor microenvironment in response to multiple signals produced by cancer cells. Molecules involved in their homing to tumors are the same inflammatory mediators produced by injured tissues: chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. When MSCs arrive into the tumor microenvironment these are “educated” to have pro-metastatic behaviour. Firstly, they promote cancer immunosuppression modulating both innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, tumor associated-MSCs trans-differentiating into cancer-associated fibroblasts can induce epithelial-mesenchymal-transition program in tumor cells. This process determinates a more aggressive phenotype of cancer cells by increasing their motility and invasiveness and favoring their dissemination to distant sites. In addition, MSCs are involved in the formation and modelling of pre-metastatic niches creating a supportive environment for colonization of circulating tumor cells. The development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the different functions of MSCs in promoting tumor progression as well as the mechanisms underlying their activities could enhance the efficacy of conventional and immune anti-cancer therapies. Furthermore, many studies report the use of MSCs engineered to express different genes or as vehicle to specifically deliver novel drugs to tumors exploiting their strong tropism. Importantly, this approach can enhance local therapeutic efficacy and reduce the risk of systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Samuel Hill
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Passaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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7
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Sage EK, Thakrar RM, Janes SM. Genetically modified mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer therapy. Cytotherapy 2017; 18:1435-1445. [PMID: 27745603 PMCID: PMC5082580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell therapy industry has grown rapidly over the past 3 decades, and multiple clinical trials have been performed to date covering a wide range of diseases. The most frequently used cell is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have been used largely for their anti-inflammatory actions and in situations of tissue repair and although they have demonstrated a good safety profile, their therapeutic efficacy has been limited. In addition to these characteristics MSCs are being used for their homing and engraftment properties and have been genetically modified to enable targeted delivery of a variety of therapeutic agents in both malignant and nonmalignant conditions. This review discusses the science and technology behind genetically modified MSC therapy in malignant disease and how potential problems have been overcome to enable their use in two novel clinical trials in metastatic gastrointestinal and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Sage
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricky M Thakrar
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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8
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Mirzaei H, Sahebkar A, Sichani LS, Moridikia A, Nazari S, Sadri Nahand J, Salehi H, Stenvang J, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei HR, Jaafari MR. Therapeutic application of multipotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2815-2823. [PMID: 28475219 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is an emerging fields in the treatment of various diseases such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, and neoplastic diseases. Stem cells are an integral tool for cell therapy. Multipotent stem cells are an important class of stem cells which have the ability to self-renew through dividing and developing into multiple specific cell types in a specific tissue or organ. These cells are capable to activate or inhibit a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which might contribute to the treatment of various diseases. It has been showed that multipotent stem cells exert their therapeutic effects via inhibition/activation of a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways. Although the advantages of multipotent stem cells are numerous, further investigation is still necessary to clarify the biology and safety of these cells before they could be considered as a potential treatment for different types of diseases. This review summarizes different features of multipotent stem cells including isolation, differentiation, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Laleh Shiri Sichani
- Faculty of Basic Science, Department of Genetic, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Nazari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECRR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid R Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud R Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Nowakowski A, Drela K, Rozycka J, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Anti-Cancer Trojan Horse. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1513-1531. [PMID: 27460260 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy holds a great promise for the treatment of human malignancy. Among different cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as valuable anti-cancer agents that have the potential to be used to treat a number of different cancer types. They have inherent migratory properties, which allow them to serve as vehicles for delivering effective therapy to isolated tumors and metastases. MSCs have been engineered to express anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic agents that specifically target different cancers. Another field of interest is to modify MSCs with the cytokines that activate pro-tumorigenic immunity or to use them as carriers for the traditional chemical compounds that possess the properties of anti-cancer drugs. Although there is still controversy about the exact function of MSCs in the tumor settings, the encouraging results from the preclinical studies of MSC-based gene therapy for a large number of tumors support the initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rozycka
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of MR Research, Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Adenoviral vector encoding soluble Flt-1 engineered human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells effectively regress endometriotic lesions in NOD/SCID mice. Gene Ther 2016; 23:580-91. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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TNFSF15 inhibits vasculogenesis by regulating relative levels of membrane-bound and soluble isoforms of VEGF receptor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13863-8. [PMID: 23918400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304529110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse bone marrow-derived Lin(-)-Sca-1(+) endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) has pluripotent abilities such as supporting neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (VEGFR1) (Flt1) recognizes various VEGF isoforms and is critically implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological settings, including vasculogenesis. Mouse EPC expresses two isoforms of VEGFR1: mFlt1, which transmits ligand-induced signals; and sFlt1, which acts as a negative regulator by sequestering ligands of VEGF receptors. How the relative levels of mFlt1 and sFlt1 are regulated is not yet clear. We report here that tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) (also known as VEGI or TL1A), an endothelial cell-secreted cytokine, simultaneously promotes mFlt1 degradation and up-regulates sFlt1 expression in EPC, giving rise to disruption of VEGF- or PlGF-induced activation of eNOS and MAPK p38 and effective inhibition of VEGF-driven, EPC-supported vasculogenesis in a murine Matrigel implant model. TNFSF15 treatment of EPC cultures facilitates Akt deactivation-dependent, ubiquitin-assisted degradation of mFlt1 and stimulates sFlt1 expression by activating the PKC, Src, and Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Additionally, TNFSF15 promotes alternative splicing of the Flt1 gene in favor of sFlt1 production by down-regulating nuclear protein Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (Jmjd6), thus alleviating Jmjd6-inhibited sFlt1 expression. These findings indicate that TNFSF15 is a key component of a molecular mechanism that negatively modulates EPC-supported vasculogenesis through regulation of the relative levels of mFlt1 and sFlt1 in EPC.
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12
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Azab HA, Hussein BH, El-Azab MF, Gomaa M, El-Falouji AI. Bis(acridine-9-carboxylate)-nitro-europium(III) dihydrate complex a new apoptotic agent through Flk-1 down regulation, caspase-3 activation and oligonucleosomes DNA fragmentation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Compte M, Nuñez-Prado N, Sanz L, Alvarez-Vallina L. Immunotherapeutic organoids: a new approach to cancer treatment. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:23897. [PMID: 23507921 PMCID: PMC3732323 DOI: 10.4161/biom.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, several limitations of antibody-based treatments, such as the cost of therapy and the achievement of sustained plasma levels, should be still addressed for their widespread use as therapeutics. The use of cell and gene transfer methods offers additional benefits by producing a continuous release of the antibody with syngenic glycosylation patterns, which makes the antibody potentially less immunogenic. In vivo secretion of therapeutic antibodies by viral vector delivery or ex vivo gene modified long-lived autologous or allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells may advantageously replace repeated injection of clinical-grade antibodies. Gene-modified autologous mesenchymal stem cells can be delivered subcutaneously embedded in a non-immunogenic synthetic extracellular matrix-based scaffold that guarantees the survival of the cell inoculum. The scaffold would keep cells at the implantation site, with the therapeutic protein acting at distance (immunotherapeutic organoid), and could be retrieved once the therapeutic effect is fulfilled. In the present review we highlight the practical importance of living cell factories for in vivo secretion of recombinant antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda; Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda; Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda; Madrid, Spain
| | - Luís Alvarez-Vallina
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda; Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bao Q, Zhao Y, Niess H, Conrad C, Schwarz B, Jauch KW, Huss R, Nelson PJ, Bruns CJ. Mesenchymal stem cell-based tumor-targeted gene therapy in gastrointestinal cancer. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2355-63. [PMID: 22530882 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic progenitor cells that can be obtained from bone marrow aspirates or adipose tissue, expanded and genetically modified in vitro, and then used for cancer therapeutic strategies in vivo. Here, we review available data regarding the application of MSC-based tumor-targeted therapy in gastrointestinal cancer, provide an overview of the general history of MSC-based gene therapy in cancer research, and discuss potential problems associated with the utility of MSC-based therapy such as biosafety, immunoprivilege, transfection methods, and distribution in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bao
- Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
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Chen Q, Cheng P, Song N, Yin T, He H, Yang L, Chen X, Wei Y. Antitumor activity of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells producing pigment epithelium-derived factor in a mouse melanoma model. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:413-418. [PMID: 23741242 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a new tool that can be used for the delivery of therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Among the various types of MSCs, placenta-derived MSCs (PDMSCs) have emerged as one of the most attractive vehicles for gene therapy due to their high throughput, lack of ethical concerns, non-invasive procedure for their harvesting and ease of isolation. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of human PDMSCs loaded with recombinant adenoviruses expressing pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). PDMSCs were transduced with adenovirus PEDF and the expression of PEDF was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. The inhibition of angiogenesis mediated by PEDF-expressing PDMSCs (PDMSC-PEDF) was determined using human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation inhibition assay and migration inhibition assay in vitro. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma were treated with intratumoral injection of PDMSC-PEDF twice at a 4-day interval. The tumor volume and weight were recorded. The results demonstrated that the administration of PDMSC-PEDF resulted in marked suppression of tumor growth in an established melanoma model, which was associated with a decreased number of microvessels and increased apoptosis of tumor cells compared with the controls. The results suggest that human PDMSCs have potential use as effective delivery vehicles for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Li ZJ, Zhu H, Ma BY, Zhao F, Mao SH, Liu TG, He JP, Deng LC, Yi C, Huang Y. Inhibitory effect of Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated sKDR prokaryotic expression system on angiogenesis and growth of Lewis lung cancer in mice. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:155. [PMID: 22536942 PMCID: PMC3404897 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To construct the Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated soluble kinase insert domain receptor (sKDR) prokaryotic expression system and to observe its inhibitory effect on growth of human umbilicus vessel endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and Lewis lung cancer (LLC) on mice in vivo. METHODS The Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated sKDR prokaryotic expression system was constructed through electroporation and subsequently identified through PCR and Western blot analysis. HUVECs were added to the products of this system to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis effect through MTT assay in vitro. The LLC mice models were divided into three groups: one group treated with saline (group a); one group treated with recombinant Bifidobacterium infantis containing pTRKH2-PsT plasmid group (group b); and one group treated with recombinant Bifidobacterium infantis containing pTRKH2-PsT/sKDR plasmid group (group c). The quality of life and survival of mice were recorded. Tumor volume, tumor weight, inhibitive rate, and necrosis rate of tumor were also evaluated. Necrosis of tumor and signals of blood flow in tumors were detected through color Doppler ultrasound. In addition, microvessel density (MVD) of the tumor tissues was assessed through CD31 immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The positively transformed Bifidobacterium infantis with recombinant pTRKH2-PsT/sKDR plasmid was established, and was able to express sKDR at gene and protein levels. The proliferation of HUVECs cultivated with the extract of positively transformed bacteria was inhibited significantly compared with other groups (P < 0. 05). The quality of life of mice in group c was better than in group a and b. The recombinant Bifidobacterium infantis containing pTRKH2-PsT/sKDR plasmid enhanced the efficacy of tumor growth suppression and prolongation of survival, increased the necrosis rate of tumor significantly, and could obviously decrease MVD and the signals of blood flow in tumors. CONCLUSION The Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated sKDR prokaryotic expression system was constructed successfully. This system could express sKDR at gene and protein levels and significantly inhibit the growth of HUVECs induced by VEGF in vitro. Moreover, it could inhibit tumor growth and safely prolong the survival time of LLC C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jun Li
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Bergemann TL, Starr TK, Yu H, Steinbach M, Erdmann J, Chen Y, Cormier RT, Largaespada DA, Silverstein KAT. New methods for finding common insertion sites and co-occurring common insertion sites in transposon- and virus-based genetic screens. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:3822-33. [PMID: 22241771 PMCID: PMC3351147 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Insertional mutagenesis screens in mice are used to identify individual genes that drive tumor formation. In these screens, candidate cancer genes are identified if their genomic location is proximal to a common insertion site (CIS) defined by high rates of transposon or retroviral insertions in a given genomic window. In this article, we describe a new method for defining CISs based on a Poisson distribution, the Poisson Regression Insertion Model, and show that this new method is an improvement over previously described methods. We also describe a modification of the method that can identify pairs and higher orders of co-occurring common insertion sites. We apply these methods to two data sets, one generated in a transposon-based screen for gastrointestinal tract cancer genes and another based on the set of retroviral insertions in the Retroviral Tagged Cancer Gene Database. We show that the new methods identify more relevant candidate genes and candidate gene pairs than found using previous methods. Identification of the biologically relevant set of mutations that occur in a single cell and cause tumor progression will aid in the rational design of single and combinatorial therapies in the upcoming age of personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Bergemann
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Yang F, Jin C, Jiang YJ, Li J, Di Y, Fu DL. Potential role of soluble VEGFR-1 in antiangiogenesis therapy for cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:541-9. [PMID: 21504321 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis therapy for cancer may inhibit tumor growth and metastasis when combined with chemotherapy, and has received a great deal of attention over recent years. However, accurate assessments of biological efficacy and toxicity are major hurdles for this approach. Soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sFlt-1) has been reported to have a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, the hallmark of which is similar to the toxicities related to antiangiogenesis therapy. Clinical evidence and animal studies support the hypothesis that sFlt-1 may contribute to hypertension and proteinuria in patients treated with anti-VEGF agents. The intratumoral imbalance between sFlt-1 and VEGF levels correlates with the malignancy grades of tumors, survival and responsiveness to therapy. The therapeutic potential of sFlt-1 as an antiangiogenic agent has been validated by an increasing number of preclinical studies. Furthermore, antiangiogenesis therapy changes the concentration of circulating VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1, soluble VEGFR-2 and even soluble VEGFR-3, with some of these being identified as potential biomarkers of response and toxicity. All these factors suggest that sFlt-1 may prove invaluable for driving the future development of molecular therapeutics with novel targets and mechanisms of action, and its impact on antiangiogenesis therapy in cancers needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Abstract
As an alternative to recombinant protein administration, ex vivo gene-modified cells may provide a novel strategy for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins. This approach has been used in preclinical and clinical studies of a plethora of pathological conditions, including anemia, hemophilia and cancer for the production of erythropoietin, coagulation factors, immunostimulatory cytokines, recombinant antibodies and angiogenesis inhibitors. Cell delivery vehicles may also be varied: autologous or allogeneic, precursor or terminally differentiated cells, with targeting properties or immobilized in immunoprotective devices. This field did not meet the expectation raised initially, mainly because of difficulties with obtaining therapeutic plasma levels and the short lifespan of producer cells that hampered clinical application. Different non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells have emerged as potential delivery vehicles, since they are easy to obtain, expand and transduce, and they exhibit prolonged lifespans (with mesenchymal stem cells probably being the most popular cell type, but not the only one). Special emphasis is placed on the different routes used to deliver these cellular vehicles and the controversies about their targeting abilities.
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Tugues S, Koch S, Gualandi L, Li X, Claesson-Welsh L. Vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors: anti-angiogenic therapy in the treatment of cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:88-111. [PMID: 21565214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are critical regulators of vascular and lymphatic function during development, in health and in disease. There are five mammalian VEGF ligands and three VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases. In addition, several VEGF co-receptors that lack intrinsic catalytic activity, but that indirectly modulate the responsiveness to VEGF contribute to the final biological effect. This review describes the molecular features of VEGFs, VEGFRs and co-receptors with focus on their role in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Tugues
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sánchez-Martín D, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. Engineering human cells for in vivo secretion of antibody and non-antibody therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:924-30. [PMID: 21435857 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purified proteins such as antibodies are widely used as therapeutic agents in clinical medicine. However, clinical-grade proteins for therapeutic use require sophisticated technologies and are extremely expensive to produce. In vivo secretion of therapeutic proteins by genetically engineered human cells may advantageously replace injection of highly purified proteins. The use of gene transfer methods circumvents problems related to large-scale production and purification and offers additional benefits by achieving sustained concentrations of therapeutic protein with a syngenic glycosylation pattern that make the protein potentially less immunogenic. The feasibility of the in vivo production of therapeutic proteins by diverse cells/tissues has now been demonstrated using different techniques, such as ex vivo genetically modified cells and in vivo gene transfer mediated by viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Martín
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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A pathogenic relationship between a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton and serum response factor. Genetics 2010; 186:147-57. [PMID: 20610412 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.110.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell hyperproliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis are biological processes central to the pathogenesis of corneal disease, as well as other conditions including tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the number of disease conditions that arise as a result of these abnormalities, identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is critical. The avascular and transparent cornea serves as a good in vivo model to study the pathogenesis of cell hyperproliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Corneal disease 1 (Dstn(corn1)) mice are homozygous for a spontaneous null allele of the destrin (Dstn) gene, which is also known as actin depolymerizing factor (ADF). These mice exhibit abnormalities in the cornea including epithelial cell hyperproliferation, stromal inflammation, and neovascularization. We previously identified that the transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF) and a number of its target genes are upregulated in the cornea of these mice. In this study, we show that conditional ablation of Srf in the corneal epithelium of a diseased Dstn(corn1) cornea results in the rescue of the epithelial cell hyperproliferation, inflammation, and neovascularization phenotypes, delineating an epithelial cell-specific role for SRF in the development of all of these abnormalities. Our study also demonstrates that Dstn is genetically upstream of Srf and defines a new functional role for SRF as the master regulator of a hyperproliferative, inflammatory phenotype accompanied by neovascularization.
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