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George AM, Viswanathan A, Best LG, Monahan C, Limmina M, Ganguly A, Kalish JM. Expanded phenotype and cancer risk in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum caused by CDKN1C variants. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63777. [PMID: 38822599 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) is caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations on chromosome 11 that regulate cell growth and division. Considering the diverse phenotypic landscape in BWSp, the characterization of the CDKN1C molecular subtype remains relatively limited. Here, we investigate the role of CDKN1C in the broader BWSp phenotype. Notably, patients with CDKN1C variants appear to exhibit a different tumor risk than other BWSp molecular subtypes. We performed a comprehensive literature review using the search term "CDKN1C Beckwith" to identify 113 cases of patients with molecularly confirmed CDKN1C-BWSp. We then assessed the genotype and phenotype in a novel cohort of patients with CDKN1C-BWSp enrolled in the BWS Research Registry. Cardinal and suggestive features were evaluated for all patients reported, and tumor risk was established based on available reports. The most common phenotypes included macroglossia, omphalocele, and ear creases/pits. Tumor types reported from the literature included neuroblastoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, superficial spreading melanoma, and intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Overall, this study identifies unique features associated with CDKN1C variants in BWSp, enabling more accurate clinical management. The absence of Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma suggests that screening for these tumors may not be necessary, while the neuroblastoma risk warrants appropriate screening recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M George
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aravind Viswanathan
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Caitlin Monahan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Limmina
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Wu H, Chen Y, Li M, Chen Z, Liu J, Lai G. Characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration and therapeutic responses of cell cycle-related genes' signature in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13889-13904. [PMID: 37540256 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how the cell cycle plays a role in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to establish a clinically applicable predictive model to predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival in BC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cycle-related genes (CCGs) were identified within the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n is equal to 1001) and the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort (n is equal to 3265). An analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox was then conducted to develop a nomogram based on CCGs. After validating the nomogram, risk cohort stratification was established and the predictive value was examined. Finally, immune cell infiltration and therapeutic responses were analysed. RESULTS Based on 15 CCGs, 4 prognostic predictors were identified and entered into the nomogram. According to the curves of calibration, the estimated and observed value of the nomogram is in optimal agreement. Subsequently, stratification into two risk cohorts showed that the predictive value, immune cell infiltration and overall survival were better among patients with low risk. Immune checkpoint expression in patients with BC at higher risk was downregulated. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cisplatin and vinorelbine all had higher IC50 values in patients with high-risk BC. CONCLUSION The nomogram based on CCG could assess tumour immune micro-environment regulation and therapeutic responses of immunotherapy in BC. Moreover, it may provide novel information on the control of immune micro-environment infiltration in BC and aid in the development of targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Guie Lai
- Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
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3
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Lei L, Peng G, Luo H, Li W. SRY-box transcription factor 21 antisense divergent transcript 1: Regulatory roles and clinical significance in neoplastic conditions and Alzheimer's Disease. J Cancer 2023; 14:3258-3274. [PMID: 37928430 PMCID: PMC10622988 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 21 antisense divergent transcript 1 (SOX21-AS1) is a multifaceted long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that plays diverse roles in both neoplastic conditions and Alzheimer's disease. Its aberrant expression intricately regulates a wide spectrum of cellular processes, spanning from epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, migration, metastasis, and stemness to drug resistance. SOX21-AS1 achieves these effects through its involvement in the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, modulation of downstream genes, and regulation of critical pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Hippo, Wnt/β-catenin, and ERK signaling. Of significant clinical relevance, SOX21-AS1 expression has shown robust correlations with various clinical-pathological features. Moreover, it has demonstrated promising prognostic and diagnostic potential across a spectrum of tumors, as evidenced by existing literature and TCGA pan-cancer analyses. In Alzheimer's disease, SOX21-AS1 assumes a distinctive role. It influences neuronal viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress by interacting with miR-107 and miR-132, and affecting the PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling pathways. This comprehensive review sheds light on the functions of SOX21-AS1 and the regulated mechanisms underpinning its impact on neoplastic conditions and Alzheimer's disease. It underscores the clinical significance of SOX21-AS1 and positions it as a promising therapeutic target in both the oncological and neurodegenerative domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, China
- Department Prevention and Treatment Center, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang 332005, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guangxi Peng
- Wart 1 of General Surgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, Yingtan 335000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wugen Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, China
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Subayyil AA, Basmaeil YS, Kulayb HB, Alrodayyan M, Alhaber LAA, Almanaa TN, Khatlani T. Preconditioned Chorionic Villus Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (CVMSCs) Minimize the Invasive Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA231 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119569. [PMID: 37298519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the newer choices of targeted therapies against cancer, stem cell therapy is gaining importance because of their antitumor properties. Stem cells suppress growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we have examined the impact of the cellular component and the secretome of preconditioned and naïve placenta-derived Chorionic Villus Mesenchymal Stem Cells (CVMSCs) on the functional characteristics of the Human Breast Cancer cell line MDA231. MDA231 cells were treated with preconditioned CVMSCs and their conditioned media (CM), followed by an evaluation of their functional activities and modulation in gene and protein expression. Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) were used as a control. CM obtained from the preconditioned CVMSCs significantly altered the proliferation of MDA231 cells, yet no change in other phenotypes, such as adhesion, migration, and invasion, were observed at various concentrations and time points tested. However, the cellular component of preconditioned CVMSCs significantly inhibited several phenotypes of MDA231 cells, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. CVMSCs-treated MDA231 cells exhibited modulation in the expression of various genes involved in apoptosis, oncogenesis, and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), explaining the changes in the invasive behavior of MDA231 cells. These studies reveal that preconditioned CVMSCs may make useful candidate in a stem cell-based therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Subayyil
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser S Basmaeil
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa Bin Kulayb
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alrodayyan
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Abdulaziz A Alhaber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Williams A, Gutgesell L, de Wet L, Selman P, Dey A, Avineni M, Kapoor I, Mendez M, Brown R, Lamperis S, Blajszczak C, Bueter E, Kregel S, Vander Griend DJ, Szmulewitz R. SOX 2 expression in prostate cancer drives resistance to nuclear hormone receptor signaling inhibition through the WEE1/CDK1 signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216209. [PMID: 37169162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) drug resistance in prostate cancer (PC) remains therapeutically challenging. Our group has described the role of sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) overexpression in ARSI-resistant PC. Continuing this work, we report that NR3C1, the gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR), is a novel SOX2 target in PC, positively regulating its expression. Similar to ARSI treatment, SOX2-positive PC cells are insensitive to GR signaling inhibition using a GR modulating therapy. To understand SOX2-mediated nuclear hormone receptor signaling inhibitor (NHRSI) insensitivity, we performed RNA-seq in SOX2-positive and -negative PC cells following NHRSI treatment. RNA-seq prioritized differentially regulated genes mediating the cell cycle, including G2 checkpoint WEE1 Kinase (WEE1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Additionally, WEE1 and CDK1 were differentially expressed in PC patient tumors dichotomized by high vs low SOX2 gene expression. Importantly, pharmacological targeting of WEE1 (WEE1i) in combination with an ARSI or GR modulator re-sensitizes SOX2-positive PC cells to nuclear hormone receptor signaling inhibition in vitro, and WEE1i combined with ARSI significantly slowed tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest SOX2 predicts NHRSI resistance, and simultaneously indicates the addition of WEE1i to improve therapeutic efficacy of NHRSIs in SOX2-positive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Williams
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lisa Gutgesell
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Larischa de Wet
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Phillip Selman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Arunangsu Dey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mahati Avineni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Isha Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Megan Mendez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sophia Lamperis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University - Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chuck Blajszczak
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Eric Bueter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Steve Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University - Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Russell Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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6
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Lai J, Lin X, Cao F, Mok H, Chen B, Liao N. CDKN1C as a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates and therapeutic responses in breast cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9390-9401. [PMID: 34464504 PMCID: PMC8500970 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity could not be predicted efficiently. Previous evidence have shown the vital roles of CDKN1C in BC. Therefore, we aimed to construct a CDKN1C‐based model to accurately predicting overall survival (OS) and treatment responses in BC patients. In this study, 995 BC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were selected. Kaplan‐Meier curve, Gene set enrichment and immune infiltrates analyses were executed. We developed a novel CDKN1C‐based nomogram to predict the OS, verified by the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve and decision curve. Therapeutic response prediction was followed based on the low‐ and high‐nomogram score groups. Our results indicated that low‐CDKN1C expression was associated with shorter OS and lower proportion of naïve B cells, CD8 T cells, activated NK cells. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram for 5‐year OS was superior to the tumour‐node‐metastasis stage (area under the curve: 0.746 vs. 0.634, p < 0.001). The nomogram exhibited excellent predictive performance, calibration ability and clinical utility. Moreover, low‐risk patients were identified with stronger sensitivity to therapeutic agents. This tool can improve BC prognosis and therapeutic responses prediction, thus guiding individualized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lai
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangrong Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Amjad E, Asnaashari S, Sokouti B, Dastmalchi S. Systems biology comprehensive analysis on breast cancer for identification of key gene modules and genes associated with TNM-based clinical stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10816. [PMID: 32616754 PMCID: PMC7331704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), as one of the leading causes of death among women, comprises several subtypes with controversial and poor prognosis. Considering the TNM (tumor, lymph node, metastasis) based classification for staging of breast cancer, it is essential to diagnose the disease at early stages. The present study aims to take advantage of the systems biology approach on genome wide gene expression profiling datasets to identify the potential biomarkers involved at stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV as well as in the integrated group. Three HER2-negative breast cancer microarray datasets were retrieved from the GEO database, including normal, stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV samples. Additionally, one dataset was also extracted to test the developed predictive models trained on the three datasets. The analysis of gene expression profiles to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed after preprocessing and normalization of data. Then, statistically significant prioritized DEGs were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks for the stages for module analysis and biomarker identification. Furthermore, the prioritized DEGs were used to determine the involved GO enrichment and KEGG signaling pathways at various stages of the breast cancer. The recurrence survival rate analysis of the identified gene biomarkers was conducted based on Kaplan-Meier methodology. Furthermore, the identified genes were validated not only by using several classification models but also through screening the experimental literature reports on the target genes. Fourteen (21 genes), nine (17 genes), eight (10 genes), four (7 genes), and six (8 genes) gene modules (total of 53 unique genes out of 63 genes with involving those with the same connectivity degree) were identified for stage I, stage II, stage III, stage IV, and the integrated group. Moreover, SMC4, FN1, FOS, JUN, and KIF11 and RACGAP1 genes with the highest connectivity degrees were in module 1 for abovementioned stages, respectively. The biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions were demonstrated for outcomes of GO analysis and KEGG pathway assessment. Additionally, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that 33 genes were found to be significant while considering the recurrence-free survival rate as an alternative to overall survival rate. Furthermore, the machine learning calcification models show good performance on the determined biomarkers. Moreover, the literature reports have confirmed all of the identified gene biomarkers for breast cancer. According to the literature evidence, the identified hub genes are highly correlated with HER2-negative breast cancer. The 53-mRNA signature might be a potential gene set for TNM based stages as well as possible therapeutics with potentially good performance in predicting and managing recurrence-free survival rates at stages I, II, III, and IV as well as in the integrated group. Moreover, the identified genes for the TNM-based stages can also be used as mRNA profile signatures to determine the current stage of the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amjad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Sokouti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Yang C, Yan Z, Hu F, Wei W, Sun Z, Xu W. Silencing of microRNA-517a induces oxidative stress injury in melanoma cells via inactivation of the JNK signaling pathway by upregulating CDKN1C. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32015692 PMCID: PMC6990552 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is notoriously resistant to current treatments, and less than 25% of metastatic melanoma cases respond to existing therapies. Growing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the prognosis of melanoma. MiR-517a has been implicated in many types of cancer; however, its expressional features and potential biological functions in melanoma remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of miR-517a on oxidative stress (OS) in melanoma cells. Methods miR-517a expression in melanoma was determined using RT-qPCR. After treatment with different concentrations of H2O2, cell viability was determined in order to identify the most appropriate H2O2 concentration. Through loss and gain of function experiments, the interactions between miR-517a, the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) and the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, as well as their roles in OS of melanoma cells were identified. Moreover, the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3, extent of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, levels of T-AOC, ROS and MDA, and SOD activity were also tested. Finally, melanoma cell viability and apoptosis were detected. Results MiR-517a was upregulated, while CDKN1C was downregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. MiR-517a targets CDKN1C and consequently reduced its expression. Inhibition of miR-517a was shown to increase Cleaved Caspase-3 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, levels of ROS and MDA, as well as cell apoptosis but decrease extent of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, T-AOC levels, SOD activity, along with cell proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions Overall, silencing miR-517a results in upregulated CDKN1C expression, and inhibited JNK signaling pathway activation, consequently promoting OS in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- 1Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqiang Yan
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021 People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Hu
- 1Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- 1Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- 1Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- 3Department of Dermatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021 Hubei People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Zhao H, Yu J, Xu X, Liu W, Jing H, Li N, Tang Y, Li Y, Cai J, Jin J. MiR-92b targets p57kip2 to modulate the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to ionizing radiation (IR) -based radiotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:646-655. [PMID: 30544064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common digestive system malignant tumors. Due to the resistance to radiotherapy, the prognosis in patients with HCC is poor. Based on previous studies and online tools prediction, we hypothesized that miR-92b, which was reported to promote HCC cell proliferation, might bind to p57kip2, a well-known tumor suppressor, to modulate the radioresistance of HCC to ionizing radiation (IR) -based radiotherapy. In the present study, a higher miR-92b expression in HCC tissues and cell lines was observed; a high miR-92b expression was correlated with poorer prognosis in patients with HCC. The overexpression of miR-92b enhanced the radioresistance of HCC to IR treatment by promoting cancer cell proliferation, attenuating cell apoptosis and remove IR-induced cell cycle at G2/M phase. Through directly binding to the 3'-UTR of p57kip2, miR-92b negatively regulated the protein levels of p57kip2; miR-92b inhibition enhanced the cell effect of IR on HCC cells, which could be attenuated by the p57kip2 knockdown, in other words, miR-92b modulated the radioresistance of HCC to IR-based radiotherapy through p57kip2. Taken together, miR-92b inhibits p57kip2 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines, thus enhancing the radioresistance of HCC to IR-based radiotherapy; targeting miR-92b to rescue p57kip2 expression in HCC might help sensitive HCC cells to IR-based radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenyang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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10
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Mashhadiabbas F, Rajabi M, KharaziFard MJ, Moslemi H. Correlation of CA19-9 and P57 (KiP2) Expression with Tumor Grade and Invasive Front in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2018; 19:287-294. [PMID: 30680301 PMCID: PMC6338686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most widely occurring cancers worldwide. Early diagnosis of primary tumors is the key to improve treatment outcome. Detecting cancer, determining prognosis, and monitoring disease progression or treatment response can be done based on molecular markers. CA19-9 is an isolated form of Lewis antigen. It is widely used for detecting pancreatic cancer in the clinical setting. P57 (KiP2) is a tumor suppressor gene. It is a positive regulator of cell proliferation, regulating proliferation through G1 phase by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases. Its expression decreases in most malignancies. OSCC has variable differentiation grades and local invasion potential. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the correlation of CA19-9 and P57 expression with invasive front and grade of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHOD This cross-sectional study was performed on forty paraffin blocks in three histologic grades; well, moderate, and poorly differentiated SCC. The two markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry methods (En vision). Proportional and total scores and staining intensity were measured for all samples. RESULTS CA19-9 staining was low in all three grades. The Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant correlation between tumor grade and CA19-9 expression; however, there was a significant difference between tumor intensity and margin intensity (p= 0.003). P57 staining was high in all three grades. The Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant correlation between tumor grade and P57 expression. There were no significant differences in total intensity of staining in margins of tumor (p= 0.85). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that expression of CA19-9 and P57 cannot be used as determinants of tumor grade. Higher expression of CA19-9 in invasive front of SCC can be representative of local invasion and higher activity of tumor cells in the margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental School, Dept. of Oral and maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Javad KharaziFard
- Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moslemi
- Dental and MPH Student, Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Qiao E, Chen D, Li Q, Feng W, Yu X, Zhang X, Xia L, Jin J, Yang H. Long noncoding RNA TALNEC2 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer by binding to EZH2 to target p57 KIP2 and involving in p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3978-3988. [PMID: 30378143 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the potential role and regulatory mechanism of long noncoding RNA tumor-associated lncRNA expressed in chromosome 2 (TALNEC2) in breast cancer. The expression of TALNEC2 in breast cancer tissues and cells were investigated. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes for targeting TALNEC2 (si-TALNEC2), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; si-EZH2) and p57KIP2 (si-p57 KIP2 ), and their corresponding controls (si-NC). The viability, colony forming ability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy of transfected cells were assessed. The expressions of p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins were investigated. The results showed that TALNEC2 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of TALNEC2 significantly inhibited the malignant behaviors of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, including inhibiting cell viability and colony forming, arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, inducing cell apoptosis, and promoting cell autophagy. EZH2 was a TALNEC2 binding protein, which was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cells and could negatively regulate p57 KIP2 . Effects of TALNEC2 knockdown on malignant behaviors of MCF-7 cells were reversed by p57 KIP2 knockdown. The expressions of p-p38, RelA, and RelB in MCF-7 cells were decreased after knockdown of TALNEC2 or EZH2, which were reversed by knockdown of p57 KIP2 concurrently. In conclusion, TALNEC2 may play an oncogenic role in breast cancer by binding to EZH2 to target p57 KIP2 . Activation of p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways may be key mechanisms mediating the oncogenic role of TALNEC2 in breast cancer. TALNEC2 may serve as a promising target in the therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daobao Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingfei Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ju Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Zheng Q, Fan H, Meng Z, Yuan L, Liu C, Peng Y, Zhao W, Wang L, Li J, Feng J. Histone demethylase KDM2B promotes triple negative breast cancer proliferation by suppressing p15INK4B, p16INK4A, and p57KIP2 transcription. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:897-904. [PMID: 30060056 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
H3K4me3 and H3K36me2 histone demethylase KDM2B is an epigenetic regulatory factor involved in cell proliferation in numerous cells including breast cancer cells, however, the regulatory mechanism of KDM2B in cell proliferation of breast cancer cells, specifically in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that higher expression level of KDM2B was associated with poor prognosis in TNBC. Using cell proliferation assay, we found that KDM2B promoted TNBC cell proliferation by suppressing the transcription of the cell cycle inhibitors p15INK4B, p16INK4A, and p57KIP2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results showed that KDM2B bound to the promoters of these genes and thereby reduced the H3K4me3 and H3K36me2 levels, leading to the suppression of gene transcription in a histone demethylation activity-dependent manner. Silencing of p15INK4B, p16INK4A, and p57KIP2 in TNBC cells was shown to restore the promoting effect of KDM2B on TNBC cell proliferation. The present study reveals a novel cell regulatory mechanism through which KDM2B promotes TNBC cell proliferation by binding to the promoters of p15INK4B, p16INK4A, and p57KIP2, which reduces H3K4me3 and H3K36me2 levels to suppress gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Zheng
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjia Fan
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Jinzhou Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Feng
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
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13
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Gomih A, Smith JS, North KE, Hudgens MG, Brewster WR, Huang Z, Skaar D, Valea F, Bentley RC, Vidal AC, Maguire RL, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. DNA methylation of imprinted gene control regions in the regression of low-grade cervical lesions. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:552-560. [PMID: 29490428 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of host epigenetic mechanisms in the natural history of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) is not well characterized. We explored differential methylation of imprinted gene regulatory regions as predictors of the risk of CIN1 regression. A total of 164 patients with CIN1 were recruited from 10 Duke University clinics for the CIN Cohort Study. Participants had colposcopies at enrollment and up to five follow-up visits over 3 years. DNA was extracted from exfoliated cervical cells for methylation quantitation at CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) sites and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression to quantify the effect of methylation on CIN1 regression over two consecutive visits, compared to non-regression (persistent CIN1; progression to CIN2+; or CIN1 regression at a single time-point), adjusting for age, race, high-risk HPV (hrHPV), parity, oral contraceptive and smoking status. Median participant age was 26.6 years (range: 21.0-64.4 years), 39% were African-American, and 11% were current smokers. Most participants were hrHPV-positive at enrollment (80.5%). Over one-third of cases regressed (n = 53, 35.1%). Median time-to-regression was 12.6 months (range: 4.5-24.0 months). Probability of CIN1 regression was negatively correlated with methylation at IGF2AS CpG 5 (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.23-0.77) and PEG10 DMR (HR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65-0.98). Altered methylation of imprinted IGF2AS and PEG10 DMRs may play a role in the natural history of CIN1. If confirmed in larger studies, further research on imprinted gene DMR methylation is warranted to determine its efficacy as a biomarker for cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Gomih
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Wendy R Brewster
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - David Skaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695
| | - Fidel Valea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24101
| | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695
| | - Randy L Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695.,Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695
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14
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Zohny SF, Baothman OA, El-Shinawi M, Al-Malki AL, Zamzami MA, Choudhry H. The KIP/CIP family members p21^{Waf1/Cip1} and p57^{Kip2} as diagnostic markers for breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 18:413-423. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir F. Zohny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Othman A. Baothman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamzami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Sturgeon KM, Schweitzer A, Leonard JJ, Tobias DK, Liu Y, Cespedes Feliciano E, Malik VS, Joshi A, Rosner B, De Jonghe BC. Physical activity induced protection against breast cancer risk associated with delayed parity. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:52-58. [PMID: 27884590 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that physical activity between menarche and first pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among women with at least 20years between these reproductive events. The mechanism by which physical activity during this interval confers protection is unknown. This study used a novel animal model to assess potentially protective effects of physical activity on tumor development in delayed parity. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats received an i.p. injection of 50mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) at 5weeks of age. Estrogen and progesterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously 1week (early parity, EP, n=8) or 4weeks (delayed parity, DP, n=11) following MNU injection. An additional group of DP rats were progressively exercise trained (Ex+DP, n=9) on a treadmill following MNU injection for 7weeks (up to 20m/min at 15% incline for 30min). We observed the greatest tumor latency and smallest tumor burden in Ex+DP animals. Ductal hyperplasia and inflammation of non-tumor bearing mammary glands were only found in DP, and we detected a significant increase in collagen for DP and Ex+DP compared to EP. Exercise induced differential gene expression of cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor 1C (Cdkn1c) and urokinase-plasminogen activator (Plau) in mammary tissue of Ex+DP animals compared to DP alone. While there are delayed parity-induced changes in mammary gland collagen and gene expression levels, Ex+DP animals had longer tumor latency, smaller tumor burden, and glandular tissue resistant to ductal hyperplasia. Exercise may induce protection through beneficial regulation of gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Schweitzer
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John J Leonard
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Amit Joshi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Antiproliferative activity of monastrol in human adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and non-tumor (HB4a) breast cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1279-1288. [PMID: 27592117 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monastrol is an allosteric inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 that exhibits an antiproliferative effect against several cell lines. We investigated the antiproliferative effect of monastrol on human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and mammary epithelial cells (HB4a, non-tumoral). Monastrol treatment decreased cell viability only in MCF-7 tumor cells. Real-time cell growth kinetic analysis showed a decrease in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells exposed to monastrol, while in the HB4a cells, only a concentration of 100 μM was able to induce this effect. In a cell cycle analysis, exposure of MCF-7 cells to monastrol led to an increased population of cells in both the G1 and G2/M phases. In HB4a cells, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was increased. Monastrol led to an increased mitotic index in both cell lines. Monastrol was not able to induce cell death by apoptosis in any of the cell lines studied. Gene expression analysis was performed to measure the mRNA levels of cell cycle genes, DNA damage indicator gene, and apoptotic related genes. Treatment with monastrol induced in MCF-7 cells a 5-fold increase in the mRNA levels of the CDKN1A gene, an inhibitor of CDKs related with cell cycle arrest in response a stress stimulus, and a 2-fold decrease in CDKN1C mRNA levels in HB4a cells. These results provide evidence that monastrol has a greater antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 tumor cells compared with non-tumor HB4a cells; however, no selective is observed.
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17
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Guo H, Jing L, Cheng Y, Atsaves V, Lv Y, Wu T, Su R, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Liu W, Rassidakis GZ, Wei Y, Nan K, Claret FX. Down-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 is mediated by Jab1/Csn5 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2016; 63:898-913. [PMID: 26606000 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Down-regulation of p57 (KIP2) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors accelerates the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting that p57 may play an important role in liver carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism or oncogenic signal leading to p57 down-regulation in HCC remains to be determined. Herein, we demonstrated that Jab1/Csn5 expression is negatively correlated with p57 levels in HCC tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis of tumor samples revealed that high Jab1/Csn5 expression with concurrent low p57 expression is associated with poor overall survival. The inverse pattern of Jab1 and p57 expression was also observed during carcinogenesis in a chemically induced rat HCC model. We also found that mechanistically, Jab1-mediated p57 proteolysis in HCC cells is dependent on 26S-proteasome inhibitors. We further demonstrated that direct physical interaction between Jab1 and p57 triggers p57 down-regulation, independently of Skp2 and Akt pathways, in HCC cells. These data suggest that Jab1 is an important upstream negative regulator of p57 and that aberrant expression of Jab1 in HCC could lead to a significant decrease in p57 levels and contribute to tumor cell growth. Furthermore, restoration of p57 levels induced by loss of Jab1 inhibited tumor cell growth and further increased cell apoptosis in HCC cells. Moreover, silencing Jab1 expression further enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HCC cells. CONCLUSION Jab1-p57 pathway confers resistance to chemotherapy and may represent a potential target for investigational therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yangzi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Vassilis Atsaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Rujuan Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George Z Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital & Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
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18
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Zhao M, Wang KJ, Tan Z, Zheng CM, Liang Z, Zhao JQ. Identification of potential therapeutic targets for papillary thyroid carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:51-58. [PMID: 26870166 PMCID: PMC4726925 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential therapeutic targets for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to investigate the possible mechanism underlying this disease. The gene expression profile, GSE53157, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Only 10 chips, including 3 specimens of normal thyroid tissues and 7 specimens of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas, were analyzed in the present study. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between PTC patients and normal individuals were identified. Next, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of DEGs were performed. Modules in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified. Significant target genes were selected from the microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network. Furthermore, the integrated network was constructed with the miRNA regulatory and PPI network modules, and key target genes were screened. A total of 668 DEGs were identified. Modules M1, M2 and M3 were identified from the PPI network. From the modules, DEGs of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6), dual specificity phosphatase 5, keratin 19, met proto-oncogene (MET) and lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 were included in the Malacards database. In the miRNA regulatory and integrated networks, genes of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40 and reticulon 1 were the key target genes. S100A6, MET and CDKN1C may exhibit key roles in the progression and development of PTC, and may be used as specific therapeutic targets in the treatment of PTC. However, further experiments are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jing Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Ming Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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19
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Gara SK, Wang Y, Patel D, Liu-Chittenden Y, Jain M, Boufraqech M, Zhang L, Meltzer PS, Kebebew E. Integrated genome-wide analysis of genomic changes and gene regulation in human adrenocortical tissue samples. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9327-39. [PMID: 26446994 PMCID: PMC4627080 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and whether there is progression from normal-to-adenoma-to-carcinoma, we performed genome-wide gene expression, gene methylation, microRNA expression and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis in human adrenocortical tissue (normal, adrenocortical adenomas and ACC) samples. A pairwise comparison of normal, adrenocortical adenomas and ACC gene expression profiles with more than four-fold expression differences and an adjusted P-value < 0.05 revealed no major differences in normal versus adrenocortical adenoma whereas there are 808 and 1085, respectively, dysregulated genes between ACC versus adrenocortical adenoma and ACC versus normal. The majority of the dysregulated genes in ACC were downregulated. By integrating the CGH, gene methylation and expression profiles of potential miRNAs with the gene expression of dysregulated genes, we found that there are higher alterations in ACC versus normal compared to ACC versus adrenocortical adenoma. Importantly, we identified several novel molecular pathways that are associated with dysregulated genes and further experimentally validated that oncostatin m signaling induces caspase 3 dependent apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation. Finally, we propose that there is higher number of genomic changes from normal-to-adenoma-to-carcinoma and identified oncostatin m signaling as a plausible druggable pathway for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar Gara
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Liu-Chittenden
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meenu Jain
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Barrdahl M, Canzian F, Lindström S, Shui I, Black A, Hoover RN, Ziegler RG, Buring JE, Chanock SJ, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Haiman C, Henderson BE, Hankinson S, Hunter DJ, Joshi AD, Kraft P, Lee IM, Le Marchand L, Milne RL, Southey MC, Willett W, Gunter M, Panico S, Sund M, Weiderpass E, Sánchez MJ, Overvad K, Dossus L, Peeters PH, Khaw KT, Trichopoulos D, Kaaks R, Campa D. Association of breast cancer risk loci with breast cancer survival. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2837-45. [PMID: 25611573 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The survival of breast cancer patients is largely influenced by tumor characteristics, such as TNM stage, tumor grade and hormone receptor status. However, there is growing evidence that inherited genetic variation might affect the disease prognosis and response to treatment. Several lines of evidence suggest that alleles influencing breast cancer risk might also be associated with breast cancer survival. We examined the associations between 35 breast cancer susceptibility loci and the disease over-all survival (OS) in 10,255 breast cancer patients from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) of which 1,379 died, including 754 of breast cancer. We also conducted a meta-analysis of almost 35,000 patients and 5,000 deaths, combining results from BPC3 and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and performed in silico analyses of SNPs with significant associations. In BPC3, the C allele of LSP1-rs3817198 was significantly associated with improved OS (HRper-allele =0.70; 95% CI: 0.58-0.85; ptrend = 2.84 × 10(-4) ; HRheterozygotes = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55-0.92; HRhomozygotes = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.31-0.76; p2DF = 1.45 × 10(-3) ). In silico, the C allele of LSP1-rs3817198 was predicted to increase expression of the tumor suppressor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C). In the meta-analysis, TNRC9-rs3803662 was significantly associated with increased death hazard (HRMETA =1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.15; ptrend = 6.6 × 10(-4) ; HRheterozygotes = 0.96 95% CI: 0.90-1.03; HRhomozygotes = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09-1.35; p2DF =1.25 × 10(-4) ). In conclusion, we show that there is little overlap between the breast cancer risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified so far and the SNPs associated with breast cancer prognosis, with the possible exceptions of LSP1-rs3817198 and TNRC9-rs3803662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Irene Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.,Core Genotyping Facility Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, NW Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, NW Atlanta, GA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, NW Atlanta, GA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susan Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA.,Cancer Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Marc Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza De Salud Pública, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, Granada, Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De Granada, Spain.,CIBER De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Laure Dossus
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France.,University of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.,IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Yang C, Nan H, Ma J, Jiang L, Guo Q, Han L, Zhang Y, Nan K, Guo H. High Skp2/Low p57(Kip2) Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Human Breast Carcinoma. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 9:13-21. [PMID: 26309408 PMCID: PMC4525793 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s30101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of p57Kip2 is involved in tumor progression, and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is an E3 ligase that regulates a variety of cell cycle proteins. However, the prognostic value of p57Kip2 and its correlation with Skp2 in breast cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here we report our study on the expression of p57Kip2 and Skp2 in 102 breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry, and analysis of clinicopathologic parameters in relation to patient prognosis. The expression of p57Kip2 was negatively associated with Skp2 expression in breast cancer (r = −0.26, P = 0.009). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that both high Skp2 and low p57Kip2 correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.05), and a group with the combination of high Skp2/low p57Kip2 demonstrated even worse DFS (log-rank = 21.118, P < 0.001). In addition, univariate analysis showed that Skp2, p57Kip2, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) were all associated with DFS, and multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and Skp2 were independent prognostic biomarkers. The correlation between p57 and Skp2 was further demonstrated in multiple breast cancer cell lines and cell cycle phases. Half-life and immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments indicated that Skp2 directly interacts with p57Kip2 and promotes its degradation, rather than its mutant p57Kip2 (T310A). Overall, our findings demonstrate that Skp2 directly degrades p57Kip2, and an inverse correlation between these proteins (high skp2/low p57Kip2) is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Thus, our results indicate a combined prognostic value of these markers in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiequn Ma
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, P. R. China
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22
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Ansems M, Søndergaard JN, Sieuwerts AM, Looman MWG, Smid M, de Graaf AMA, de Weerd V, Zuidscherwoude M, Foekens JA, Martens JWM, Adema GJ. DC-SCRIPT is a novel regulator of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2B and induces cell cycle arrest in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:693-703. [PMID: 25663546 PMCID: PMC4326655 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women. The estrogen receptor (ERα) is well known for having growth promoting effects in breast cancer. Recently, we have identified DC-SCRIPT (ZNF366) as a co-suppressor of ERα and as a strong and independent prognostic marker in ESR1 (ERα gene)-positive breast cancer patients. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism on how DC-SCRIPT inhibits breast cancer cell growth. DC-SCRIPT mRNA levels from 190 primary ESR1-positive breast tumors were related to global gene expression, followed by gene ontology and pathway analysis. The effect of DC-SCRIPT on breast cancer cell growth and cell cycle arrest was investigated using novel DC-SCRIPT-inducible MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Genome-wide expression profiling of DC-SCRIPT-expressing MCF7 cells was performed to investigate the effect of DC-SCRIPT on cell cycle-related gene expression. Findings were validated by real-time PCR in a cohort of 1,132 ESR1-positive breast cancer patients. In the primary ESR1-positive breast tumors, DC-SCRIPT expression negatively correlated with several cell cycle gene ontologies and pathways. DC-SCRIPT expression strongly reduced breast cancer cell growth in vitro, breast tumor growth in vivo, and induced cell cycle arrest. In addition, in the presence of DC-SCRIPT, multiple cell cycles related genes were differentially expressed including the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2B. Moreover, in 1,132 primary ESR1-positive breast tumors, DC-SCRIPT expression also correlated with CDKN2B expression. Collectively, these data show that DC-SCRIPT acts as a novel regulator of CDKN2B and induces cell cycle arrest in ESR1-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Ansems
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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23
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Sun L, Zhu J, Wu M, Sun H, Zhou C, Fu L, Xu C, Mei C. Inhibition of MiR-199a-5p reduced cell proliferation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease through targeting CDKN1C. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:195-200. [PMID: 25588980 PMCID: PMC4304454 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a prevalence of about 1:500 to 1:1,000, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) often causes renal failure, with many serious complications. However, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapy available. MATERIAL/METHODS MiR-199a-5p level in ADPKD patient samples, rat model, and cell lines were determined with Realtime PCR assay. After miR-199a-5p inhibitor was transfected, we detected the cell proliferation and apoptosis using an MTT assay and an Annexin V-FITC staining kit, respectively. Finally, TargetScan version 5.1 was used to predict the miRNA target and the target gene of miR-199a-5p was proved by a Luciferase assay. RESULTS We identified a dramatically up-regulated microRNA, miR-199a-5p, in ADPKD tissues and cell lines. Our data show that inhibition of miR-199a-5p suppressed cyst cells proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. We found that miR-199a-5p might exert this effect through targeting CDKN1C/p57. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of miR-199a-5p in ADPKD tissues might promote cell proliferation through suppressing CDKN1C, suggesting miR-199a-5p as a novel target for ADPKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Changlin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Nephrology Institute of CPLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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24
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Rivera-Díaz M, Miranda-Román MA, Soto D, Quintero-Aguilo M, Ortiz-Zuazaga H, Marcos-Martinez MJ, Vivas-Mejía PE. MicroRNA-27a distinguishes glioblastoma multiforme from diffuse and anaplastic astrocytomas and has prognostic value. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 5:201-18. [PMID: 25628931 PMCID: PMC4300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that bind to 3'-untranslated (UTR) regions of target messenger RNAs to regulate protein synthesis. Reports have suggested that a set of specific miRNAs may be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers for astrocytoma grading. However, there are few studies of the specific miRNAs differentially expressed in each astrocytoma grade. MiRNA-containing total RNA was isolated from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from WHO grade II-IV astrocytoma patients. The RNA was labeled and hybridized to Affymetrix miRNA 2.0 arrays. Statistical analysis identified several miRNAs differentially expressed in each astrocytoma grade. In particular, miR-27a, miR-210, and miR-1225-5p expression levels were able to differentiate grade IV from grade II and III astrocytomas as confirmed by real-time PCR. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that disease progression occurred faster for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) patients with a lower miR-27a expression level. Transfection of CRL-1690 GBM human cancer cells with a miR-27a oligonucleotide inhibitor followed by Real-time PCR identified six potential miR-27a target genes. Furthermore, the miR-27a oligonucleotide inhibitor induced CRL-1690 cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results provide additional miRNA signatures for distinguishing GBM from lower astrocytoma grades and suggest miR-27a as a prognostic and therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rivera-Díaz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
| | - Miguel A Miranda-Román
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
| | - Daniel Soto
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
| | - Mario Quintero-Aguilo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
| | - Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga
- Department of Computer Science, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
| | - María J Marcos-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
| | - Pablo E Vivas-Mejía
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto RicoSan Juan, Puerto Rico 00935
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25
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Li Y, Wang D, Zhang H, Wang C, Dai W, Cheng Z, Wang G, Li F. P21-Activated Kinase 4 Regulates the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor P57Kip2in Human Breast Cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1561-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Li
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Guanqiao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology; Ministry of Public Health; and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology; Ministry of Education; China Medical University; Shenyang 110001 China
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26
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Loss of p57 expression and RhoA overexpression are associated with poor survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1707-14. [PMID: 23842948 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p57 and Ras homology A (RhoA) have been implicated in the growth and metastasis of several types of human cancers. This study aimed to detect their expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue specimens and to determine a possible association with clinicopathological data and patient survival. A total of 80 HCC and corresponding distant normal tissue specimens were processed for immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses of p57 and RhoA expression. The data showed that expression of p57 mRNA and protein was reduced in HCC tissues when compared to that in distant non-cancer tissues (P<0.05), while expression of RhoA mRNA and protein was significantly higher in HCC tissue specimens when compared to that of the distant normal tissues. Loss of p57 expression was associated with HCC with higher α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (>400 ng/ml; P=0.044), larger tumor size (>5 cm, P=0.004), poor tumor differentiation (P=0.020), advanced TNM stage (P=0.027), capsule invasion (P=0.018) and tumor thrombosis (P=0.008), whereas expression of RhoA protein was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation (P=0.042), capsule invasion (P=0.022), and tumor thrombosis (P=0.002). Furthermore, there was a strong inverse relationship between p57 and RhoA expression in HCC tissues, indicating that loss of p57 expression may contribute to RhoA overexpression in HCC tissues. The median survival time of HCC patients with p57+ and p57- expression was 13.0 and 9.0 months, respectively, whereas the median survival time of HCC patients with RhoA+ and RhoA- was 9.0 and 15.0 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the levels of AFP, tumor size, TNM stage, histological grade, capsule invasion, tumor thrombosis, p57, RhoA and co-expression of p57 and RhoA were all significant prognostic indicators for overall survival of HCC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, TNM stage, p57, RhoA and combined loss of p57 with RhoA were risk factors for poor survival of HCC patients. This study indicates that the abnormal expression of p57 and RhoA contributes to progression of HCC and poor survival of patients.
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27
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Hamid AS, Li J, Wang Y, Wu X, Ali HAA, Du Z, Bo L, Zhang Y, Zhang G. Recombinant human decorin upregulates p57KIP² expression in HepG2 hepatoma cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:511-6. [PMID: 23754492 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the expression of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (cyclin-CDK) using small molecule inhibitors is a therapeutic strategy used to suppress cancer cell growth. Decorin (DCN), a functional component of the extracellular matrix, has been implicated in the suppression of cell proliferation by upregulating p21, a cyclin-CDK inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of recombinant decorin on the reactivation of p57KIP2, whose expression is silenced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay and quantitative real time-PCR experiments were performed in three groups of HepG2 human cells: Uninfected HepG2 cells (control group), pcDNA3.1 vector-infected HepG2 cells (pcDNA3.1 group) and pcDNA3.1-DCN-infected HepG2 cells (pcDNA3.1‑DCN group). Our results revealed that recombinant human decorin inhibited cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of caspase-3 in the pcDNA3.1-DCN group. The expression of p57KIP2 mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-DCN group was higher than in the pcDNA3.1 and control groups (P<0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and pcDNA3.1 groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, recombinant human decorin reactivated p57KIP2 expression in HepG2 cells. As the expression level of p57KIP2 is downregulated in HCC, our finding may serve as a basis for the therapy and prognosis of HCC, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Selim Hamid
- Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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28
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Holm R, Førsund M, Nguyen MT, Nesland JM, Trope CG. Expression of p15INK⁴b and p57KIP² and relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61273. [PMID: 23580324 PMCID: PMC3620337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15INK4b and p57KIP2 are important regulators of the cell cycle, and their abnormal expression has been detected in various tumors. However, little is known about the role of p15INK4b and p57KIP2 in the pathogenesis of vulvar carcinoma, and the prognostic impact is still unknown. In our current study, we examined the expression of p15INK4b and p57KIP2 in a large series of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas to elucidate the prognostic impact. Methods Expression of p15INK4b and p57KIP2 were examined in 297 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Both uni- and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors were performed, and correlations with clinicopathologic parameters were examined. Results Compared to the high levels of p15INK4b and p57KIP2 in normal vulvar squamous epithelium, low levels of p15INK4b and p57KIP2 were found in 82% and 44% of vulvar carcinomas, respectively. Low levels of p15INK4b and p57KIP2 correlated significantly with malignant features, including large tumor diameter (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively) and increased invasiveness (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04, respectively). Although p15INK4b and p57KIP2 levels could not be identified as prognostic markers, combined analysis of p14ARF/p15INK4b/p16INK4a showed that patients whose tumors expressed low levels of two or three of these INK4 proteins had a worse prognosis than those with only low levels of one or no protein (univariate analysis p = 0.02). The independent prognostic significance of these INK4 proteins was confirmed by multivariate analysis (p = 0.008). Conclusions We show for the first time that p15INK4b and p57KIP2 may be involved in the progression of vulvar carcinomas and the combined p14ARF/p15INK4b/p16INK4a status was a statistically independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Holm
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Pandiyan K, You JS, Yang X, Dai C, Zhou XJ, Baylin SB, Jones PA, Liang G. Functional DNA demethylation is accompanied by chromatin accessibility. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:3973-85. [PMID: 23408854 PMCID: PMC3627572 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation inhibitors such as 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) are currently used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Although global DNA demethylation has been observed after treatment, it is unclear to what extent demethylation induces changes in nucleosome occupancy, a key determinant of gene expression. We use the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 as a model to address this question and determine that <2% of regions demethylated by 5-Aza-CdR treatment assume an open configuration. Consolidating our findings, we detect nucleosome retention at sites of global DNA methylation loss in DKO1, an HCT116-derived non-tumorigenic cell-line engineered for DNA methyltransferase disruption. Notably, regions that are open in both HCT116 cells after treatment and in DKO1 cells include promoters belonging to tumor suppressors and genes under-expressed in colorectal cancers. Our results indicate that only a minority of demethylated promoters are associated with nucleosome remodeling, and these could potentially be the epigenetic drivers causing the loss of tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we show that the chromatin opening induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid has strikingly distinct targets compared with those of 5-Aza-CdR, providing a mechanistic explanation for the importance of combinatorial therapy in eliciting maximal de-repression of the cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurinji Pandiyan
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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Zhang X, Wallace AD, Du P, Lin S, Baccarelli AA, Jiang H, Jafari N, Zheng Y, Xie H, Soares MB, Kibbe WA, Hou L. Genome-wide study of DNA methylation alterations in response to diazinon exposure in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:959-68. [PMID: 22964155 PMCID: PMC3514648 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has repeatedly been associated with cancers. However, molecular mechanisms are largely undetermined. In this study, we examined whether exposure to diazinon, a common organophosphate that has been associated with cancers, could induce DNA methylation alterations. We conducted genome-wide DNA methylation analyses on DNA samples obtained from human hematopoietic K562 cell exposed to diazinon and ethanol using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Bayesian-adjusted t-tests were used to identify differentially methylated gene promoter CpG sites. We identified 1069 CpG sites in 984 genes with significant methylation changes in diazinon-treated cells. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that some genes are tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53INP1 (3.0-fold, q-value <0.001) and PTEN (2.6-fold, q-value <0.001), some genes are in cancer-related pathways, such as HDAC3 (2.2-fold, q-value=0.002), and some remain functionally unknown. Our results provided direct experimental evidence that diazinon may modify gene promoter DNA methylation levels, which may play a pathological role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Kavanagh E, Vlachos P, Emourgeon V, Rodhe J, Joseph B. p57(KIP2) control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics is responsible for its mitochondrial pro-apoptotic effect. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e311. [PMID: 22592318 PMCID: PMC3366085 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
p57 (Kip2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C), often found downregulated in cancer, is reported to hold tumor suppressor properties. Originally described as a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor, p57(KIP2) has since been shown to influence other cellular processes, beyond cell cycle regulation, including cell death and cell migration. Inhibition of cell migration by p57(KIP2) is attributed to the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton through the activation of LIM domain kinase-1 (LIMK-1). Furthermore, p57(KIP2) is able to enhance mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Here, we report that the cell death promoting effect of p57(KIP2) is linked to its effect on the actin cytoskeleton. Indeed, whereas Jasplakinolide, an actin cytoskeleton-stabilizing agent, mimicked p57(KIP2)'s pro-apoptotic effect, destabilizing the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalsin D reversed p57(KIP2)'s pro-apoptotic function. Conversely, LIMK-1, the enzyme mediating p57(KIP2)'s effect on the actin cytoskeleton, was required for p57(KIP2)'s death promoting effect. Finally, p57(KIP2-)mediated stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton was associated with the displacement of hexokinase-1, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, from the mitochondria, providing a possible mechanism for the promotion of the mitochondrial apoptotic cell death pathway. Altogether, our findings link together two tumor suppressor properties of p57(KIP2), by showing that the promotion of cell death by p57(KIP2) requires its actin cytoskeleton stabilization function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kavanagh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, R8:03, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Worster DT, Schmelzle T, Solimini NL, Lightcap ES, Millard B, Mills GB, Brugge JS, Albeck JG. Akt and ERK control the proliferative response of mammary epithelial cells to the growth factors IGF-1 and EGF through the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra19. [PMID: 22394561 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells respond to growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin. Using high-content immunofluorescence microscopy, we quantitated differences in signaling networks downstream of EGF, which stimulated proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, and insulin or IGF-1, which enhanced the proliferative response to EGF but did not stimulate proliferation independently. We found that the abundance of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p57Kip2 increased in response to IGF-1 or insulin but decreased in response to EGF. Depletion of p57Kip2, but not p21Cip1, rendered IGF-1 or insulin sufficient to induce cellular proliferation in the absence of EGF. Signaling through the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-Akt-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway was necessary and sufficient for the increase in p57Kip2, whereas MEK [mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase]-ERK activity suppressed this increase, forming a regulatory circuit that limited proliferation in response to unaccompanied Akt activity. Knockdown of p57Kip2 enhanced the proliferative phenotype induced by tumor-associated PI3K mutant variants and released mammary epithelial acini from growth arrest during morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture. These results provide a potential explanation for the context-dependent proliferative activities of insulin and IGF-1 and for the finding that the CDKN1C locus encoding p57Kip2 is silenced in many breast cancers, which frequently show hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway. The status of p57Kip2 may thus be an important factor to assess when considering targeted therapy against the ERK or PI3K pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin T Worster
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Coley HM, Safuwan NAM, Chivers P, Papacharalbous E, Giannopoulos T, Butler-Manuel S, Madhuri K, Lovell DP, Crook T. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57(Kip2) is epigenetically regulated in carboplatin resistance and results in collateral sensitivity to the CDK inhibitor seliciclib in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:482-9. [PMID: 22233925 PMCID: PMC3273354 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carboplatin remains a first-line agent in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Unfortunately, platinum-resistant disease ultimately occurs in most patients. Using a novel EOC cell line with acquired resistance to carboplatin: PEO1CarbR, genome-wide micro-array profiling identified the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2 as specifically downregulated in carboplatin resistance. Presently, we describe confirmation of these preliminary data with a variety of approaches. Methods: Cytotoxicity testing (MTT) and cell cycle blockade assessed drug responsiveness. Methylation specific PCR and pyrosequencing identified sites of promoter methylation in p57Kip2. siRNA to p57Kip2 was used to look at the changes in apoptosis of carboplatin treated EOC cells. EOC tissues (20 cases) were assessed for mRNA levels of p57Kip2. Results: Carboplatin resistance was reversed using 5-aza-cytidine in vitro. Promoter methylation sites and preferential sensitivity to seliciclib were seen in PEO1CarbR cells. Silencing p57Kip2 decreased the apoptotic response to the effects of platinum but produced sensitisation to seliciclib. EOC biopsies indicated an association of high levels of p57Kip2mRNA with complete responses to chemotherapy and improved outcome. Conclusion: We conclude that p57Kip2 is a candidate biomarker of platinum sensitivity/resistance in EOC and such cases may show preferential response to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor seliciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Coley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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A genomic approach to predict synergistic combinations for breast cancer treatment. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 13:94-104. [PMID: 22083351 PMCID: PMC4450767 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We leverage genomic and biochemical data to identify synergistic drug regimens for breast cancer. In order to study the mechanism of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in breast cancer, we generated and validated genomic profiles of drug response using a series of breast cancer cell lines sensitive to each drug. These genomic profiles were then used to model drug response in human breast tumors and show significant correlation between VPA and SAHA response profiles in multiple breast tumor data sets, highlighting their similar mechanism of action. The genes deregulated by VPA and SAHA converge on the cell cycle pathway (Bayes factor 5.21 and 5.94, respectively; P-value 10(-8.6) and 10(-9), respectively). In particular, VPA and SAHA upregulate key cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. In two independent datasets, cancer cells treated with CDK inhibitors have similar gene expression profile changes to the cellular response to HDAC inhibitors. Together, these results led us to hypothesize that VPA and SAHA may interact synergistically with CDK inhibitors such as PD-033299. Experiments show that HDAC and CDK inhibitors have statistically significant synergy in both breast cancer cell lines and primary 3-dimensional cultures of cells from pleural effusions of patients. Therefore, synergistic relationships between HDAC and CDK inhibitors may provide an effective combinatorial regimen for breast cancer. Importantly, these studies provide an example of how genomic analysis of drug-response profiles can be used to design rational drug combinations for cancer treatment.
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Guo H, Lv Y, Tian T, Hu TH, Wang WJ, Sui X, Jiang L, Ruan ZP, Nan KJ. Downregulation of p57 accelerates the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1897-904. [PMID: 22002319 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p57 is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of tumor formation and development; however, the biological role of p57 in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. To explore the role of p57 in the development of HCC, we examined p57 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in HCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Moreover, we generated stable p57 knockdown HCC cell lines to investigate the impact of p57 downregulation on the growth and invasion of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that p57 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in human HCC tissues. In addition, this reduction in p57 expression was associated with increased tumor size, more advanced TNM stages, the presence of capsule invasion and extrahepatic metastasis and decreased overall survival time. In human HCC cell lines, p57 downregulation increased the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK2 and enhanced the activities of CDK4/cyclin D1 and CDK2/cyclin E complexes, resulting in increased cellular proliferation and growth of xenografts. Furthermore, p57 downregulation accelerated the invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo by controlling the activity of LIMK1. In conclusion, the downregulation of p57 accelerates the growth and invasion of HCC, indicating that p57 is an important tumor suppressor in HCC. Based on these findings, p57 may be a potential target for HCC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Borriello A, Caldarelli I, Bencivenga D, Criscuolo M, Cucciolla V, Tramontano A, Oliva A, Perrotta S, Della Ragione F. p57(Kip2) and cancer: time for a critical appraisal. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1269-84. [PMID: 21816904 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p57(Kip2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor belonging to the Cip/Kip family, which also includes p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). So far, p57(Kip2) is the least-studied Cip/Kip protein, and for a long time its relevance has been related mainly to its unique role in embryogenesis. Moreover, genetic and molecular studies on animal models and patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome have shown that alterations in CDKN1C (the p57(Kip2) encoding gene) have functional relevance in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, a number of investigations have identified and characterized heretofore unexpected roles for p57(Kip2). The protein appears to be critically involved in initial steps of cell and tissue differentiation, and particularly in neuronal development and erythropoiesis. Intriguingly, p27(Kip1), the Cip/Kip member that is most homologous to p57(Kip2), is primarily involved in the process of cell cycle exit. p57(Kip2) also plays a critical role in controlling cytoskeletal organization and cell migration through its interaction with LIMK-1. Furthermore, p57(Kip2) appears to modulate genome expression. Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that p57(Kip2) protein is frequently downregulated in different types of human epithelial and nonepithelial cancers as a consequence of genetic and epigenetic events. In summary, the emerging picture is that several aspects of p57(Kip2)'s functions are only poorly clarified. This review represents an appraisal of the data available on the p57(Kip2) gene and protein structure, and its role in human physiology and pathology. We particularly focus our attention on p57(Kip2) changes in cancers and pharmacological approaches for modulating p57(Kip2) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Borriello
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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37
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Li X, Chen J, Hu X, Huang Y, Li Z, Zhou L, Tian Z, Ma H, Wu Z, Chen M, Han Z, Peng Z, Zhao X, Liang C, Wang Y, Sun L, Chen J, Zhao J, Jiang B, Yang H, Gui Y, Cai Z, Zhang X. Comparative mRNA and microRNA expression profiling of three genitourinary cancers reveals common hallmarks and cancer-specific molecular events. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22570. [PMID: 21799901 PMCID: PMC3143156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide gene expression profile using deep sequencing technologies can drive the discovery of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Such efforts are often limited to profiling the expression signature of either mRNA or microRNA (miRNA) in a single type of cancer. METHODOLOGY Here we provided an integrated analysis of the genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of three different genitourinary cancers: carcinomas of the bladder, kidney and testis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our results highlight the general or cancer-specific roles of several genes and miRNAs that may serve as candidate oncogenes or suppressors of tumor development. Further comparative analyses at the systems level revealed that significant aberrations of the cell adhesion process, p53 signaling, calcium signaling, the ECM-receptor and cell cycle pathways, the DNA repair and replication processes and the immune and inflammatory response processes were the common hallmarks of human cancers. Gene sets showing testicular cancer-specific deregulation patterns were mainly implicated in processes related to male reproductive function, and general disruptions of multiple metabolic pathways and processes related to cell migration were the characteristic molecular events for renal and bladder cancer, respectively. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that tumors with the same histological origins and genes with similar functions tended to group together in a clustering analysis. By assessing the correlation between the expression of each miRNA and its targets, we determined that deregulation of 'key' miRNAs may result in the global aberration of one or more pathways or processes as a whole. CONCLUSIONS This systematic analysis deciphered the molecular phenotypes of three genitourinary cancers and investigated their variations at the miRNA level simultaneously. Our results provided a valuable source for future studies and highlighted some promising genes, miRNAs, pathways and processes that may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueda Hu
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Tian
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyun Wu
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zujing Han
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Bommi PV, Dimri M, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Khandekar J, Dimri GP. The polycomb group protein BMI1 is a transcriptional target of HDAC inhibitors. Cell Cycle 2011; 9:2663-73. [PMID: 20543557 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.13.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are overexpressed in several human malignancies including breast cancer. In particular, aberrant expression of BMI1 and EZH2 has been linked to metastasis and poor prognosis in cancer patients. At present, very little is known about the pharmacological inhibitors of PcG proteins. Here we show that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) downregulate expression of BMI1. Treatment of MCF10A cells, which are immortal non-transformed breast epithelial cells, and breast cancer cells with HDACi led to decreased expression of BMI1. We further show that downregulation of BMI1 by HDACi results due to the transcriptional downregulation of BMI1 gene. Specifically, we show that primary transcription and promoter activity of BMI1 is suppressed upon treatment with HDACi. Furthermore, downregulation of BMI1 was accompanied by a decrease in histone 2A lysine 119 ubiquitination (H2AK119Ub), which is catalyzed by BMI1 containing polycomb repressive complex 1. HDACi treatment also led to derepression of growth inhibitory genes and putative tumor suppressors, which are known to be silenced by PcG proteins and polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs). In summary, our findings suggest that BMI1 is an important therapy target of HDACi, and that HDACi can be used alone or in combination with other therapies to inhibit growth of tumors that overexpress PcG proteins such as BMI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant V Bommi
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
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The role of placental homeobox genes in human fetal growth restriction. J Pregnancy 2011; 2011:548171. [PMID: 21547091 PMCID: PMC3087155 DOI: 10.1155/2011/548171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an adverse pregnancy outcome associated with significant perinatal and paediatric morbidity and mortality, and an increased risk of chronic disease later in adult life. One of the key causes of adverse pregnancy outcome is fetal growth restriction (FGR). While a number of maternal, fetal, and environmental factors are known causes of FGR, the majority of FGR cases remain idiopathic. These idiopathic FGR pregnancies are frequently associated with placental insufficiency, possibly as a result of placental maldevelopment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abnormal placental development in idiopathic FGR is, therefore, of increasing importance. Here, we review our understanding of transcriptional control of normal placental development and abnormal placental development associated with human idiopathic FGR. We also assess the potential for understanding transcriptional control as a means for revealing new molecular targets for the detection, diagnosis, and clinical management of idiopathic FGR.
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The hallmarks of CDKN1C (p57, KIP2) in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:50-6. [PMID: 21447370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C CDKN1C (p57(KIP2)) regulates several hallmarks of cancer, including apoptosis, cell invasion and metastasis, tumor differentiation and angiogenesis. p57(KIP2) is generally not mutated in cancer, but its expression is downregulated through epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and repressive histone marks at the promoter. This opens up possibilities for therapeutic intervention through reactivation of p57(KIP2) gene expression. Furthermore, p57(KIP2) has been tested as a prognostic factor for many types of cancer, even differentiating between early and late stage cancer. In this review, the multifunctional tumor suppressor capabilities of p57(KIP2), the mechanisms of p57(KIP2) transcriptional repression in cancer, and the therapeutic potential of reactivation of p57(KIP2) protein expression will be discussed.
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Identification of a preneoplastic gene expression profile in tubal epithelium of BRCA1 mutation carriers. Neoplasia 2011; 12:993-1002. [PMID: 21170264 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microinvasive carcinomas and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms are commonly discovered within the fallopian tube of BRCA1 mutation carriers at the time of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, suggesting that many BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas originate in tubal epithelium. We hypothesized that changes in gene expression profiles within the histologically normal fallopian tube epithelium of BRCA1 mutation carriers would overlap with the expression profiles in BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas and represent a BRCA1 preneoplastic signature. Laser capture microdissection of frozen sections was used to isolate neoplastic cells or histologically normal fallopian tube epithelium, and expression profiles were generated on Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 gene expression arrays. Normal-risk controls were 11 women wild type for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (WT-FT). WT-FT were compared with histologically normal fallopian tube epithelium from seven women with deleterious BRCA1 mutations who had foci of at least intraepithelial neoplasm within their fallopian tube (B1-FTocc). WT-FT samples were also compared with 12 BRCA1 ovarian carcinomas (B1-CA). The comparison of WT-FT versus B1-FTocc resulted in 152 differentially expressed probe sets, and the comparison of WT-FT versus B1-CA resulted in 4079 differentially expressed probe sets. The BRCA1 preneoplastic signature was composed of the overlap between these two lists, which included 41 concordant probe sets. Genes in the BRCA1 preneoplastic signature included several known tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN1C and EFEMP1 and several thought to be important in invasion and metastasis such as E2F3. The expression of a subset of genes was validated with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
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Translational application of epigenetic alterations: ovarian cancer as a model. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2112-20. [PMID: 21402071 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease initiated and driven by the accumulation and interplay of genetic and epigenetic mutations of genes involved in the regulation of cell growth and signaling. Dysregulation of these genes and pathways in a cell leads to a growth advantage and clonal expansion. The epigenetic alterations involved in the initiation and progression of cancer are DNA methylation and histone modifications which interact to remodel chromatin, as well as RNA interference. These alterations can be used as candidate targets in molecular tests for risk, early detection, prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and monitoring, as well as new therapeutic targets in cancer. In this review, we discuss the rationale, studies to date, and issues in the translational application of epigenetics using epithelial ovarian cancer as a specific example of all types of cancer.
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Rodriguez BAT, Weng YI, Liu TM, Zuo T, Hsu PY, Lin CH, Cheng AL, Cui H, Yan PS, Huang THM. Estrogen-mediated epigenetic repression of the imprinted gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C in breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:812-21. [PMID: 21304052 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While tumor suppressor genes frequently undergo epigenetic silencing in cancer, how the instructions directing this transcriptional repression are transmitted in cancer cells remain largely unclear. Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C), an imprinted gene on chromosomal band 11 p15.5, is reduced or lost in the majority of breast cancers. Here, we report that CDKN1C is suppressed by estrogen through epigenetic mechanisms involving the chromatin-interacting noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). Activation of estrogen signaling reduced CDKN1C expression 3-fold (P < 0.001) and established repressive histone modifications at the 5' regulatory region of the locus. These events were concomitant with induction of KCNQ1OT1 expression as well as increased recruitment of CTCF to both the distal KCNQ1OT1 promoter-associated imprinting control region (ICR) and the CDKN1C locus. Transient depletion of CTCF by small interfering RNA increased CDKN1C expression and significantly reduced the estrogen-mediated repression of CDKN1C. Further studies in breast cancer cell lines indicated that the epigenetic silencing of CDKN1C occurs in part as the result of genetic loss of the inactive methylated 11p15.5 ICR allele (R(2) = 0.612, P < 0.001). We also found a novel cis-encoded antisense transcript, CDKN1C-AS, which is induced by estrogen signaling following pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase activity. Forced expression of CDKN1C-AS was capable of repressing endogenous CDKN1C in vivo. Our findings suggest that in addition to promoter hypermethylation, epigenetic repression of tumor suppressor genes by CTCF and noncoding RNA transcripts could be more common and important than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A T Rodriguez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Ramana J, Gupta D. Machine learning methods for prediction of CDK-inhibitors. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13357. [PMID: 20967128 PMCID: PMC2954193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle involves the coordinated activities of a suite of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. The activities of the complexes are regulated by CDK inhibitors (CDKIs). Apart from its role as cell cycle regulators, CDKIs are involved in apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, cell fate determination, cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics. As the complexes perform crucial and diverse functions, these are important drug targets for tumour and stem cell therapeutic interventions. However, CDKIs are represented by proteins with considerable sequence heterogeneity and may fail to be identified by simple similarity search methods. In this work we have evaluated and developed machine learning methods for identification of CDKIs. We used different compositional features and evolutionary information in the form of PSSMs, from CDKIs and non-CDKIs for generating SVM and ANN classifiers. In the first stage, both the ANN and SVM models were evaluated using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation and in the second stage these were tested on independent data sets. The PSSM-based SVM model emerged as the best classifier in both the stages and is publicly available through a user-friendly web interface at http://bioinfo.icgeb.res.in/cdkipred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Ramana
- Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Wurz K, Garcia RL, Goff BA, Mitchell PS, Lee JH, Tewari M, Swisher EM. MiR-221 and MiR-222 alterations in sporadic ovarian carcinoma: Relationship to CDKN1B, CDKNIC and overall survival. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:577-84. [PMID: 20461750 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are often aberrantly expressed in human neoplasms and are postulated to play a role in neoplastic initiation and progression. miR-221 and miR-222 negatively regulate expression of CDKN1B (p27) and CDKN1C (p57), two cell cycle regulators expressed in ovarian surface epithelium and down-regulated in ovarian carcinomas. We characterized miR-221 and miR-222 expression in 49 sporadic high grade ovarian carcinomas and determined whether somatic mutation or epigenetic alterations explained the differences in expression of these miRNAs. We correlated these findings with protein expression of CDKN1B and CDKN1C as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Expression of miR-221 and miR-222 were closely correlated with each other (P = 0.0001). Interestingly, a lower ratio of miR-221 to miR-222 expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (P = 0.01) and remained a significant predictor of overall survival in multivariate analysis using the covariate adequacy of surgical cytoreduction (P = 0.03). Higher miR-222 and miR-221 expression were significantly associated with decreased CDKN1C expression (P = 0.009 and 0.01). In contrast, CDKN1B expression was not associated with miR-221 or miR-222 expression. Neither somatic mutations nor methylation of the studied region explained the alterations in miR-221 and miR-222 expression in most carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Wurz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-6460, USA
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Romanelli V, Belinchón A, Benito-Sanz S, Martínez-Glez V, Gracia-Bouthelier R, Heath KE, Campos-Barros A, García-Miñaur S, Fernandez L, Meneses H, López-Siguero JP, Guillén-Navarro E, Gómez-Puertas P, Wesselink JJ, Mercado G, Esteban-Marfil V, Palomo R, Mena R, Sánchez A, Del Campo M, Lapunzina P. CDKN1C (p57(Kip2)) analysis in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients: Genotype-phenotype correlations, novel mutations, and polymorphisms. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1390-7. [PMID: 20503313 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome characterized by macroglossia, macrosomia, and abdominal wall defects. It is a multigenic disorder caused in most patients by alterations in growth regulatory genes. A small number of individuals with BWS (5-10%) have mutations in CDKN1C, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor of G1 cyclin complexes that functions as a negative regulator of cellular growth and proliferation. Here, we report on eight patients with BWS and CDKN1C mutations and review previous reported cases. We analyzed 72 patients (50 BWS, 17 with isolated hemihyperplasia (IH), three with omphalocele, and two with macroglossia) for CDKN1C defects with the aim to search for new mutations and to define genotype-phenotype correlations. Our findings suggest that BWS patients with CDKN1C mutations have a different pattern of clinical malformations than those with other molecular defects. Polydactyly, genital abnormalities, extra nipple, and cleft palate are more frequently observed in BWS with mutations in CDKN1C. The clinical observation of these malformations may help to decide which genetic characterization should be undertaken (i.e., CDKN1C screening), thus optimizing the laboratory evaluation for BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanelli
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sarita Rajender P, Ramasree D, Bhargavi K, Vasavi M, Uma V. Selective inhibition of proteins regulating CDK/cyclin complexes: strategy against cancer—a review. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:206-13. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.488649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pateras IS, Apostolopoulou K, Niforou K, Kotsinas A, Gorgoulis VG. p57KIP2: "Kip"ing the cell under control. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1902-19. [PMID: 19934273 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p57(KIP2) is an imprinted gene located at the chromosomal locus 11p15.5. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor belonging to the CIP/KIP family, which includes additionally p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p27(KIP1). It is the least studied CIP/KIP member and has a unique role in embryogenesis. p57(KIP2) regulates the cell cycle, although novel functions have been attributed to this protein including cytoskeletal organization. Molecular analysis of animal models and patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome have shown its nodal implication in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. p57(KIP2) is frequently down-regulated in many common human malignancies through several mechanisms, denoting its anti-oncogenic function. This review is a thorough analysis of data available on p57(KIP2), in relation to p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p27(KIP1), on gene and protein structure, its transcriptional and translational regulation, and its role in human physiology and pathology, focusing on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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Boulay JL, Stiefel U, Taylor E, Dolder B, Merlo A, Hirth F. Loss of heterozygosity of TRIM3 in malignant gliomas. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:71. [PMID: 19250537 PMCID: PMC2653542 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant gliomas are frequent primary brain tumors associated with poor prognosis and very limited response to conventional chemo- and radio-therapies. Besides sharing common growth features with other types of solid tumors, gliomas are highly invasive into adjacent brain tissue, which renders them particularly aggressive and their surgical resection inefficient. Therefore, insights into glioma formation are of fundamental interest in order to provide novel molecular targets for diagnostic purposes and potential anti-cancer drugs. Human Tripartite motif protein 3 (TRIM3) encodes a structural homolog of Drosophila brain tumor (brat) implicated in progenitor cell proliferation control and cancer stem cell suppression. TRIM3 is located within the loss of allelic heterozygosity (LOH) hotspot of chromosome segment 11p15.5, indicating a potential role in tumor suppression. ... Methods Here we analyze 70 primary human gliomas of all types and grades and report somatic deletion mapping as well as single nucleotide polymorphism analysis together with quantitative real-time PCR of chromosome segment 11p15.5. Results Our analysis identifies LOH in 17 cases (24%) of primary human glioma which defines a common 130 kb-wide interval within the TRIM3 locus as a minimal area of loss. We further detect altered genomic dosage of TRIM3 in two glioma cases with LOH at 11p15.5, indicating homozygous deletions of TRIM3. Conclusion Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome segment 11p15.5 in malignant gliomas suggests TRIM3 as a candidate brain tumor suppressor gene.
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