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Macedo M, Hatanaka M, Barboza WL, Mingione GM, Ambrósio R, Susanna R. The influence of topical anesthetic and fluorescein on non-contact tonometry measurements using ultra-high-speed dynamic Scheimpflug. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17864. [PMID: 37857798 PMCID: PMC10587345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical anesthetic and fluorescein drops on intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) and biomechanical properties as measured by Corvis ST (CST-Oculus; Wezlar, Germany) in healthy eyes. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 46 healthy patients. The CST measurements were obtained before and immediately after the instillation of topical anesthetic and fluorescein drops. Pre-post instillation data were statistically analyzed. IOP measurements were compared to Goldmann's Applanation Tonometry (GAT), which was also performed after drops instillation. Biomechanical parameters analyzed included applanation 1 velocity, applanation 2 velocity, applanation 1 time, applanation 2 time, whole eye movement, deflection amplitude, and stiffness parameter at first applanation. A statistically significant difference in IOP, both for non-corrected IOP (IOPnct) and biomechanically corrected IOP (bIOP), was observed before and after the instillation of eyedrops. Despite this statistical significance, the observed difference lacked clinical relevance. The IOPnct demonstrated a significant difference pre and post-anesthetic and fluorescein instillation compared to GAT (14.99 ± 2.27 mmHg pre-instillation and 14.62 ± 2.50 mmHg post-instillation, versus 13.98 ± 2.04 mmHg, with p-values of 0.0014 and 0.0490, respectively). Comparable findings were noted when justaposing bIOP to GAT (14.53 ± 2.10 mmHg pre-instillation and 13.15 ± 2.25 mmHg post-instillation, against 13.98 ± 2.04 mmHg, with p-values of 0.0391 and 0.0022, respectively). Additionally, CCT measurements revealed a statistically significant elevation following the administration of topical anesthetic and fluorescein drops (from 544.64 ± 39.85 µm to 586.74 ± 41.71 µm, p < 0.01. None of the analyzed biomechanical parameters showed statistically significant differences after drops instillation. While the administration of topical anesthetic and fluorescein drops induced a statistically significant alteration in both IOPnct and bIOP readings, these changes were not clinically consequential. Furthermore, a notable statistical rise was observed in CCT measurements post-drops instillation, as determined by CST. Yet, corneal biomechanical parameters remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Macedo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Hatanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Ambrósio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Remo Susanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oluwaniyi AT, Olawoye O, Sarimiye TF, Ajayi BGK. Comparison of Ocular Biomery in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Non-glaucoma in South West Nigeria. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2023; 13:37-44. [PMID: 37228875 PMCID: PMC10204919 DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_264_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is a public health problem in Nigeria. The number of individuals affected by glaucoma in Nigeria is much higher than the individuals known to have the disease. Ocular parameters such as intraocular pressure, central cornea thickness, axial length and refractive error have all been documented as risk factors of glaucoma especially among Caucasians and African Americans, with little documentation in Africa where there's an alarming rate of blindness. Aim and Objectives To compare central cornea thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL) and refractive state in participants with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucoma in South-West Nigeria. Materials and Methods This hospital-based case-control study was carried out among 184 newly diagnosed POAG and non-glaucoma adult participants attending the outpatient clinic of Eleta eye institute. The CCT, IOP, AL and refractive state were measured in each participant. Test of significance between proportions in categorical variables were assessed using chi square test (χ2) in both groups. The means were compared using independent t-test while correlation between parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The mean age of the POAG participants was 57.16 + 13.3 years and the mean age of the non-glaucoma participants was 54.15 + 13.4 years. The mean IOP in the POAG group was 30.2 + 8.9mmHg while non- glaucoma group was 14.2 + 2.6mmHg (P < 0.001), other ocular parameters were not significantly different in both groups. In the POAG group, decreased spherical equivalent refractive error (i.e increasing myopia) was significantly associated with increased axial length (r= -0.252, P = 0.01), but not significant in the non- glaucoma group. However, in the non-glaucoma group, central cornea thickness increased with increasing intraocular pressure (r= 0.305, P = 0.003), which was not significant in the glaucoma group. Conclusion Patients with POAG had much higher IOP and thus, IOP remains a significant risk factor in its development. There was a significant relationship between refractive state and axial length in the POAG group while a significant relationship was identified between central cornea thickness and intraocular pressure in the non- glaucoma group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olusola Olawoye
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - B. G. K. Ajayi
- Eleta Eye Institute, Olomi Academy, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Wu Y, Szymanska M, Hu Y, Fazal MI, Jiang N, Yetisen AK, Cordeiro MF. Measures of disease activity in glaucoma. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113700. [PMID: 34653715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally which significantly affects the quality of life and has a substantial economic impact. Effective detective methods are necessary to identify glaucoma as early as possible. Regular eye examinations are important for detecting the disease early and preventing deterioration of vision and quality of life. Current methods of measuring disease activity are powerful in describing the functional and structural changes in glaucomatous eyes. However, there is still a need for a novel tool to detect glaucoma earlier and more accurately. Tear fluid biomarker analysis and new imaging technology provide novel surrogate endpoints of glaucoma. Artificial intelligence is a post-diagnostic tool that can analyse ophthalmic test results. A detail review of currently used clinical tests in glaucoma include intraocular pressure test, visual field test and optical coherence tomography are presented. The advanced technologies for glaucoma measurement which can identify specific disease characteristics, as well as the mechanism, performance and future perspectives of these devices are highlighted. Applications of AI in diagnosis and prediction in glaucoma are mentioned. With the development in imaging tools, sensor technologies and artificial intelligence, diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma must assess more variables to facilitate earlier diagnosis and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Szymanska
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom.
| | - M Ihsan Fazal
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, United Kingdom; Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
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Potop V, Coviltir V, Schmitzer S, Corbu C, Ionescu IC, Burcel M, Dăscălescu D. The Relationship Between Corneal Hysteresis and Retinal Ganglion Cells - A Step Forward in Early Glaucoma Diagnosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924672. [PMID: 32839422 PMCID: PMC7466832 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible visual field (VF) loss across the world. Many studies have assessed the accuracy of glaucoma diagnostic tests for a more precise diagnosis to quickly identify patients with higher risk of progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a study that included 214 eyes divided into 3 groups: 79 eyes from patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 68 eyes from patients diagnosed with ocular hypertension (OH), and 67 eyes from normal individuals (normal eyes, NE). All patients included in the study received a complete checkup. RESULTS In POAG patients, means of central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), mean defect (MD), visual field index (VFI), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) are lower than in OH patients, and in NE are higher than in both groups. Also, we found a statistically significant direct correlation between CH and GCC thickness. Further statistical analysis revealed that both pRNFL thickness and GCC thickness are significantly influenced by CH value in a precise manner. CONCLUSIONS The first cell type affected in glaucoma is the retinal ganglion cell. We found a positive correlation between GCC thickness and CH, suggesting that CH might be a parameter to consider in the evaluation of all glaucoma patients from their first examination. Moreover, both pRNFL thickness and GCC thickness are influenced by CH, suggesting the utility of monitoring the value of CH at every checkup to detect its decrease in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Potop
- Departament of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valeria Coviltir
- Departament of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Speranţa Schmitzer
- Departament of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Corbu
- Departament of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Miruna Burcel
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Oftaclinic Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Dăscălescu
- Departament of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Daba KT, Gessesse GW, Sori SB. Proportion of Glaucoma among Voluntary People Coming for Glaucoma Screening Program at Jimma University Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2020; 30:13-22. [PMID: 32116428 PMCID: PMC7036452 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Glaucoma screening has been controversial, and much of the controversy has centered on the value of mass or community screening. Methods The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of glaucoma among volunteer adults who were screened in Jimma University Department of Ophthalmology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 459 volunteer residents of Jimma town and surrounding areas. The study subjects were aged 40 years and above, who came for community screening program after media announcement during the four consecutive weekends of November 2014. Comprehensive eye examination was done including best corrected visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure measurement, stereoscopic optic nerve evaluation, angle structure evaluation and visual field testing. Three diagnostic criteria for glaucoma were employed for all cases. Results Of all adults who came for screening, 47(10.24%) were diagnosed to have glaucoma, 59(12.85%) were glaucoma suspects, and 8(1.74%) had ocular hypertension. The proportion of glaucoma increased with increasing age, (P value= 0.001 (99%CI)). Primary open angle glaucoma was the most common form (42.55%) of all new cases while 4.4% of all screened adults were followed by normal tension glaucoma (29.79%), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (19.15%), and primary angle closure glaucoma (6.38%) Around 5.7% of all glaucoma cases were found to be blind. Conclusion The proportion of glaucoma in this community screening program in Southwest Ethiopia was 10.24% with primary open angle glaucoma being the commonest subtype. Glaucoma community screening should be promoted for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent irreversible blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girum W Gessesse
- Department of Ophthalmology Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College
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Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements obtained by community optometrists to those obtained in secondary care. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:1760-1765. [PMID: 30038312 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal central thickness (CCT) is an important risk factor for glaucoma, which also influences intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Recently, all community optometrists in Scotland were provided with pachymeters. This study examined the accuracy of CCT measured by community optometrists compared to measurements in the glaucoma clinic. METHODS A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred to the glaucoma clinic at a university hospital between June and November 2016. 142 of 715 (19.9%) patients had CCT measurements included in the referral, all of whom had repeat measurements in the glaucoma clinic. CCT was measured using the PachPen (Accutome Inc) which generates a CCT reading by automatically taking the average of up to 9 measurements. Measurements were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS CCT measured by community optometrists was slightly thicker than CCT in the glaucoma clinic (558.3 ± 41.5 vs. 552.6 ± 58.8 µm, P < 0.001), however the mean difference was only 13.8 ± 18.0 µm. In 223 of 284 eyes (78.5%), CCT measurements taken by community optometrists were within 20 µm of those obtained in the glaucoma clinic. 61 of 284 (21.5%) differed by >20 µm, 40 (14.1%) by >30 µm and 17 (6.0%) by >50 µm. There was no significant relationship between difference in CCT and IOP (-0.02, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.002, P = 0.077), gender (0.00, 95%CI -0.01 to 0.01, P = 0.805), or age (-0.01, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.06, P = 0.791). CONCLUSIONS There was good overall agreement between CCT measured by community optometrists and measurements obtained in the glaucoma clinic. The tendency for thicker CCT measurements by community optometrists may be due to more peripheral or non-perpendicular positioning of the pachymeter relative to the cornea.
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Corneal Thickness Response after Anesthetic Eye Drops: Our Own Results and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4743721. [PMID: 29693008 PMCID: PMC5859836 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4743721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to test if there are different patterns in the central corneal thickness (CCT) response after instilling oxybuprocaine anesthetic eye drops and also to determine whether there is a significant change in the CCT. CCT was measured in 60 eyes of 60 healthy subjects before and during the hour after oxybuprocaine 0.4% eye drops were instilled. In addition, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out in order to answer the following PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) question: What effect do anesthetic eye drops have on CCT values? We found no significant changes in the mean CCT values during the hour's observation (ANOVA, p = 0.209), and the meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant changes in the CCT after anesthesia (Q-Value = 1.111; p value = 1.000; I2 = 0.000; Tau2 = 0.000; Stderr = 0.020). However, we found three CCT response patterns 5 minutes after anesthesia: Pattern 1, subjects with no significant changes in their CCT values (n = 14, 46.7%); Pattern 2, subjects with significant CCT increases (n = 11, 36.7%); and Pattern 3, subjects with significant CCT decreases (n = 5, 16.7%). In sum, there are no significant changes in the CCT after anesthesia, but there are three different CCT response patterns 5 minutes after anesthesia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of central corneal thickness (CCT) in the clinical management of a glaucoma patient. RECENT FINDINGS The prognostic value of CCT is well recognized in patients with ocular hypertension. However, its predictive value in other glaucoma suspects and patients with established glaucoma is less certain. Tonometry artefacts can result from variations in CCT. However, an adequately validated correction algorithm for Goldmann applanation tonometry measurements does not exist. Newer methods of tonometry are potentially less influenced by CCT but are limited in their clinical use. There may also be biological and genetic associations between corneal thickness and glaucoma. Demographics, environmental factors, glaucoma treatment and the measurement device used have a significant influence on CCT, and should be considered when interpreting the effect of cornea thickness in patients with glaucoma. New measurements of the biomechanical properties of the cornea are likely to be better approximations of the globe biomechanics than CCT, but these require further evaluation. SUMMARY The clinical significance of CCT is well recognized in the context of glaucoma diagnosis and management, though the extent of its importance remains debatable. Corneal biomechanical properties may be more significantly associated with glaucoma than CCT.
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Rampersad N, Hansraj R. Identifying the critical factors that influence intraocular pressure using an automated regression tree. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v76i1.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important test in glaucoma. In addition, anterior segment variables may be useful in screening for glaucoma risk. Studies have investigated the associations between IOP and anterior segment variables using traditional statistical methods. The classification and regression tree (CART) method provides another dimension to detect important variables in a relationship automatically.Aim: To identify the critical factors that influence IOP using a regression tree.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. Anterior segment variables were measured in 700 participants using the iVue100 optical coherence tomographer, Oculus Keratograph and Nidek US-500 ultrasonographer. A Goldmann applanation tonometer was used to measure IOP. Data from only the right eyes were analysed because of high levels of interocular symmetry. A regression tree model was generated with the CART method and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationships between the ocular variables.Results: The mean IOP for the entire sample was 14.63 mmHg ± 2.40 mmHg. The CART method selected three anterior segment variables in the regression tree model. Central corneal thickness was the most important variable with a cut-off value of 527 µm. The other important variables included average paracentral corneal thickness and axial anterior chamber depth. Corneal thickness measurements increased towards the periphery and were significantly correlated with IOP (r ≥ 0.50, p ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: The CART method identified the anterior segment variables that influenced IOP. Understanding the relationship between IOP and anterior segment variables may help to clinically identify patients with ocular risk factors associated with elevated IOPs.
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Tolesa K, Gessesse GW. Central corneal thickness in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients in South West Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:152. [PMID: 27580950 PMCID: PMC5007694 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reports of central corneal thickness (CCT) among glaucoma patients, particularly for pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) are scarce in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) population. The aim of this study is to evaluate CCT in black patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT) in South West Ethiopia. Methods This was a prospective study undertaken with an ultrasonic pachymeter from June 2014 to February 2015 in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Patients aged 18 years and older newly diagnosed with glaucoma or OHT were included. Results A total of 162 eyes of 162 subjects were included. Hundred and fifty five subjects were glaucomatous: (67 PXG, 42 Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), 28 PACG, 14 Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), 5 Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma (JOAG) and 6 (OHT). The mean age was 59.3 ± 12.8 years. For the whole sample, CCT was 518.67 (±39.97) μm. OHT group had significantly greater CCT (576.33 ± 49.32 μm) than the glaucomatous groups (p = 0.004). POAG (506.69 ± 35.08 μm) and NTG (510.79 ± 44.37 μm) groups had thinner CCT than PXG (520.48 ± 38.95 μm), PACG (524.00 ± 37.16 μm), and JOAG (518.00 ± 30.82 μm) groups, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0. 296). There was a statistically significant decline of CCT with advanced age (P = 0.02). There wasn’t significant difference of average CCT between the ethnic groups (P = 0.3) and gender (P = 0.064). Conclusion The mean CCT of Ethiopian glaucoma patients is thinner than Caucasians and similar to those reported from previous studies in Sub Saharan Africa. OHT patients had thicker CCT; there was no statistically significant difference observed in average CCT amongst glaucoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumale Tolesa
- Jimma University, Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Rampersad N, Hansraj R. A review of African studies on central corneal thickness. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v75i1.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in understanding central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in various populations. This may be related to the influence of CCT in the diagnosis, classification and management of glaucoma. In addition, CCT measurements are also important for monitoring corneal diseases and contact lens wear, indicating the overall health of the cornea and assessing eligibility for refractive surgery. This article reviews studies that have reported CCT measurements in non-glaucomatous African sub-populations. The CCT measurements, gender associations and limitations of these studies are highlighted. The findings of these studies and their implications are discussed in relation to global studies reporting on CCT measurements.
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Central corneal thickness measurement by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, ocular response analyzer and ultrasound pachymetry. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjo.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ekinci M, Huseyinoglu N, Cagatay HH, Ceylan E, Keles S, Gokce G. Is there a relationship between sleep apnea and central corneal thickness? Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:1104-9. [PMID: 23721251 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.804578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) and the relationship between the severity of SAS and minimal arterial oxygen saturation (min. SpO2) with respect to CCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and fourteen eyes of 107 patients (58 males, 49 females) who were diagnosed as SAS and 80 eyes of 40 healthy subjects (20 males, 20 females) were included in the study. The SAS patients were divided into subgroups according to their Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) values as: AHI values between 5 and 15 as subgroup 1, between 15 and 30 as subgroup 2, and the values ≥30 as subgroup 3. The CCT was measured by an ultrasonic pachymetric system. Statistical analyses were an analysis of variance test and, for post-hoc analysis, the Dunnett C test. RESULTS Mean age was 52.5 ± 10.96 years in the study group, and 40.7 ± 10.14 years in the control group. There were 58 (54.2%) males and 49 (45.8%) females in the study group, and 20 (50%) males and 20 (50%) females in the control group. Mean CCT values were 526.65 ± 25.06, 525.26 ± 29.25, 512.93 ± 43.20 and 539.90 ± 17.28 in subgroup 1, subgroup 2, subgroup 3 and the control group, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between gender and age groups with respect to CCT (p > 0.05). When the mean CCT values of each subgroups were compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between CCT and AHI values and a positive correlation between CCT and min. SpO2 values. CONCLUSIONS CCT measurements differ significantly in patients with SAS compared with healthy control subjects. It should be taken into consideration that SAS may reduce CCT over time and that CCT should be measured in each ophthalmic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Ekinci
- Kafkas University Medical Faculty , Ophthalmology Department , Kars, Turkey
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