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Shoplifting and eating disorders: an anonymous self-administered survey. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:753-759. [PMID: 28455682 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the characteristics of eating disorders related to shoplifting behavior and identify the risk and protective factors related to shoplifting among patients with eating disorders. METHODS Eighty females with eating disorders were recruited from an eating disorders clinic. They were asked to complete anonymous self-report questionnaires on demographic characteristics, shoplifting behavior, psychological characteristics and eating disorder symptomology. We investigated differences in clinical characteristics between those with and without shoplifting history or a current drive to shoplift. RESULTS The response rate was 92.5%. Of the respondents, 37.8% reported a history of shoplifting and 16.2% a current drive for shoplifting. The patients with shoplifting history had lower socioeconomic status (SES), higher impulsivity and higher symptom severity of eating disorders compared with those without this history. The patients with a current drive for shoplifting had more depressive symptoms, more severe anxiety, more obsessional traits, and higher symptom severity of eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS Severity of illness and SES seem to have a serious impact on shoplifting behavior among eating disordered patients. These findings may suggest risk and protective factors related to shoplifting among eating disordered patients.
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Miyawaki D, Goto A, Harada T, Yamauchi T, Iwakura Y, Terakawa H, Hirai K, Miki Y, Harima Y, Inoue K. High prevalence of shoplifting in patients with eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:761-768. [PMID: 30221324 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Shoplifting, prevalent in patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN), is a serious behavioral problem in eating disorder (ED) patients. However, little is known about its overall presence, etiology, and consequences. This study aimed to determine whether shoplifting occurs before or after the onset of ED and to investigate the prevalence and correlates of shoplifting in ED patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 284 treatment-seeking female patients aged 13-45 with EDs [171 anorexia nervosa (AN); 113 BN]. Shoplifting, impulsive behaviors (self-injury, suicide attempt, sexual promiscuity, alcohol, and illicit drug use), depression, self-esteem, and clinical features of EDs were assessed with an interview. RESULTS Lifetime shoplifting prevalence was 28.5% (81/284) with 70.4% (57/81) occurring before ED onset. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that depression [odds ratio (OR), 2.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-5.60], alcohol abuse (OR, 3.91; 95% CI 1.34-11.38), illicit substance use (OR, 14.42; 95% CI, 1.65-125.86), and self-esteem (OR, 0.90; 95% CI; 0.82-0.99) were associated with lifetime shoplifting, while illness duration, BN, and ED symptom severity were not. CONCLUSIONS Shoplifting is common in ED patients and precedes ED onset in most patients with a shoplifting history, although the causal relationship between shoplifting and EDs remains inconclusive. Shoplifting may be associated with impulsive behaviors (e.g., alcohol and illicit drug use), depression, and low self-esteem, but not with ED severity. Future research should focus on the unrecognized role of shoplifting as a marker to identify patients at risk of impulsive behaviors and consider treatment options. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, observational cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Miyawaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Ayako Goto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoko Harada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamauchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwakura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Terakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hirai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Harima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koki Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Cucchi A, Ryan D, Konstantakopoulos G, Stroumpa S, Kaçar AŞ, Renshaw S, Landau S, Kravariti E. Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1345-1358. [PMID: 26954514 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Against a backdrop of increasing research, clinical and taxonomic attention in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), evidence suggests a link between NSSI and eating disorders (ED). The frequency estimates of NSSI in ED vary widely. Little is known about the sources of this variation, and no meta-analysis has quantified the association between ED and NSSI. METHOD Using random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression analyses, and 1816-6466 unique participants with various ED, we estimated the weighted average percentage of individuals with ED, those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and those with bulimia nervosa (BN) who are reported to have a lifetime history of NSSI across studies. We further examined predictors of NSSI in ED. RESULTS The weighted average percentage of patients with a lifetime history of NSSI was 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.8-31.0%] for ED, 21.8% (95% CI 18.5-25.6%) for AN, and 32.7% (95% CI 26.9-39.1%) for BN. The difference between BN and AN was statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.14-2.77, p = 0.013]. The odds of NSSI increased by 24% for every 10% increase in the percentage of participants with histories of suicide attempts (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48, p = 0.020) and decreased by 26% for every 10% increase in the percentage of participants with histories of substance abuse (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS In the specific context of ED, NSSI is highly prevalent and correlates positively with attempted suicide, urging for NSSI-focused treatments. A novel finding is that NSSI is potentially antagonized by substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cucchi
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - D Ryan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - G Konstantakopoulos
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - S Stroumpa
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Ş Kaçar
- KOC University,School of Medicine,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - S Renshaw
- Department of Psychology,Brunel University,Middlesex,UK
| | - S Landau
- Department of Biostatistics,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - E Kravariti
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
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Asami T, Yanase M, Nomura T, Okubo Y. Treatment for female patients with eating disorders in the largest medical prison in Japan. Biopsychosoc Med 2015; 9:13. [PMID: 28428812 PMCID: PMC5395751 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-015-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of offenders with eating disorders in women’s prisons in Japan has grown annually over the last 15 years. Women’s prisons have experienced significant difficulties in the management of patients with eating disorders who have body-critical complications arising from low body weight, in addition to behavioral problems. Patients in Japan’s 185 correctional facilities who display high refractoriness or who present a physical risk are transferred to the Hachioji medical prison, a national specialty hospital operated by the Ministry of Justice. The medical prison must manage any psychosomatic problems necessary for the safety of inmates regardless of a patient’s wishes. The most common conviction resulting in imprisonment of women with eating disorders was shoplifting (n = 44; 63%), with the second most common being drug-offenses (n = 17; 24%). While shoplifting is of concern in relation to eating disorders, a causal relationship remains unclear. Most patients in the shoplifting group did not have histories of antisocial and/or impulsive behaviors such as drug abuse, sexual deviation, self-injury, or other criminal activity. Instead, shoplifting appears to be an obsessive-compulsive behavior deeply rooted in the psychopathology of severe eating disorder patients. Patients in this group tended to have histories of relatively high education and steady employment, although most also had histories of prolonged eating disorders and unstable treatment. Although adherence to treatment was poor among patients with eating disorders in the medical prison, body weight and behavioral problems improved following treatment in the special compulsory environment, without severe sequelae or patient death. The Ministry of Justice recently established another specialized ward for the care for female patients with eating disorders. If greater emphasis is placed on early-stage, protective, medical treatment, the number of patients with eating disorders in prisons may decrease. Further research is required to investigate the relationship between shoplifting and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokuni Asami
- Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
| | - Maya Yanase
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nomura
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1, Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023 Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602 Japan
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