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Yuan S, Jiang SC, Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Zhu F, Li ZL, Hu J. Abuse of Amantadine in Poultry May Be Associated with Higher Fatality Rate of H5N1 Infections in Humans. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2588-2597. [PMID: 35170774 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amantadine, an anti-viral drug, has been widely used in human anti-influenza treatments. However, several highly-pathogenic avian influenza viruses show amantadine-resistance mutations in the viral matrix 2 (M2) protein. Here we analyzed global H5N1 sequencing data and calculate possible correlations between frequencies of key mutations in M2 and the mortality rates. We found that frequency of L26I/V27A mutation in M2 (isolated from both human and avian hosts) is linearly correlated with the mortality rates of human H5N1 infections. The significant correlation between M2 mutations in avians and the mortality rates in humans suggest that the pre-existence of L26I/V27A in birds may determine patient fatalities after trans-infections from avian to human hosts. 100% prevalence of L26I/V27A mutation increased the mortality rates from 51% (95% CI 37%-65%) to 89% (95% CI 88%-90%). Mutations involving Leu26 or Val27 were identified to be the major mutations emerging from drug selection pressure. Thus the emergence of the super H5N1 virus with a fatality over 90% may be attributed to the abuse of amantadine in poultry, especially in some southeast Asian countries. A more stringent control to anti-viral veterinary drugs is imperative. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Si-Cong Jiang
- Chengdu KangHong Pharmaceutical Group Comp. Ltd., Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Liverani M, Ir P, Jacobs B, Asante A, Jan S, Leang S, Man N, Hayen A, Wiseman V. Cross-border medical travels from Cambodia: pathways to care, associated costs and equity implications. Health Policy Plan 2021; 35:1011-1020. [PMID: 33049780 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, patients may travel abroad to seek better health services or treatments that are not available at home, especially in regions where great disparities exist between the standard of care in neighbouring countries. While awareness of South-South medical travels has increased, only a few studies investigated this phenomenon in depth from the perspective of sending countries. This article aims to contribute to these studies by reporting findings from a qualitative study of medical travels from Cambodia and associated costs. Data collection primarily involved interviews with Cambodian patients returning from Thailand and Vietnam, conducted in 2017 in the capital Phnom Penh and two provinces, and interviews with key informants in the local health sector. The research findings show that medical travels from Cambodia are driven and shaped by an interplay of socio-economic, cultural and health system factors at different levels, from the effects of regional trade liberalization to perceptions about the quality of care and the pressure of relatives and other advisers in local communities. Furthermore, there is a diversity of medical travels from Cambodia, ranging from first class travels to international hospitals in Bangkok and cross-border 'medical tourism' to perilous overland journeys of poor patients, who regularly resort to borrowing or liquidating assets to cover costs. The implications of the research findings for health sector development and equitable access to care for Cambodians deserve particular attention. To some extent, the increase in medical travels can stimulate improvements in the quality of local health services. However, concerns remain that these developments will mainly affect high-cost private services, widening disparities in access to care between population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Liverani
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Por Ir
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bart Jacobs
- Social Health Protection Project, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GiZ), c/o NIPH, No.2, Street 289 Khan Toul Kork P.O. Box 1238 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Augustine Asante
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, 1 King St, Newtown NSW 2042, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Supheap Leang
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nicola Man
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayen
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Virginia Wiseman
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Chinh LQ, Manabe T, Son DN, Chi NV, Fujikura Y, Binh NG, Co DX, Tuan DQ, Ton MD, Dai KQ, Thach PT, Nagase H, Kudo K, Nguyen DA. Clinical epidemiology and mortality on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221114. [PMID: 31415662 PMCID: PMC6695190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical epidemiology and disease prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have not yet been fully elucidated in Vietnam. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study at a national tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants were adult patients (age ≥18 years) who were admitted and diagnosed with ARDS during 2015-2017. Data on patients' general and clinical conditions, radiographic findings, ventilator settings, gas exchange, and treatment methods were collected and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Risk factors for mortality were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 126 eligible patients with ARDS admitted to the central tertiary hospital in Vietnam, we observed high mortality (57.1%). Of the total patients, 91.3% were transferred from local hospitals with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia and then diagnosed with ARDS at the central hospital. At the time of admission, 53.2% of patients had severe ARDS, 37.3% had moderate ARDS, and 9.5% had mild ARDS. The mean (standard deviation) sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was 9.5 (3.4) in non-survivors and 7.4 (3.4) in survivors (p = 0.002). Although there was no significant difference in PaO2/FiO2 on admission between non-survivors and survivors, that on day 3 after admission was significantly different (p = 0.002). Logistic regression revealed that PaO2/FiO2 on day 3 [odds ratio (OR), 1.010; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003-1.017], length of stay in a local hospital before admission to the central hospital (OR, 1.122; 95% CI, 1.042-1.210) due to stable condition, and SOFA score on Day 1 (OR, 0.842; 95% CI, 0.708-1.002) were independent factors in patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ARDS admitted the central tertiary hospital had severe illness and high mortality. Most patients were transferred from local hospitals. Improvements in human, medical, and sociological resources in local will contribute to reducing the mortality of ARDS in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshie Manabe
- Jichi Medical University, Center of Community Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Do Ngoc Son
- Bach Mai Hospital, Emergency Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Yuji Fujikura
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama, Japan
- National Defense Medical College Hospital, Department of Medical Risk Management and Infection Control, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Dao Xuan Co
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Quoc Tuan
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Duy Ton
- Bach Mai Hospital, Emergency Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kudo
- Yurin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda University Regional and Inter-Regional Studies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dat Anh Nguyen
- Bach Mai Hospital, Emergency Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Huipao N, Borwornpinyo S, Wiboon-ut S, Campbell CR, Lee IH, Hiranyachattada S, Sukasem C, Thitithanyanont A, Pholpramool C, Cook DI, Dinudom A. P2Y6 receptors are involved in mediating the effect of inactivated avian influenza virus H5N1 on IL-6 & CXCL8 mRNA expression in respiratory epithelium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176974. [PMID: 28494003 PMCID: PMC5426635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key pathophysiologies of H5N1 infection is excessive proinflammatory cytokine response (cytokine storm) characterized by increases in IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL4, CCL2 and CCL5 in the respiratory tract. H5N1-induced cytokine release can occur via an infection-independent mechanism, however, detail of the cellular signaling involved is poorly understood. To elucidate this mechanism, the effect of inactivated (β-propiolactone-treated) H5N1 on the cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in 16HBE14o- human respiratory epithelial cells was investigated. We found that the inactivated-H5N1 increased mRNA for IL-6 and CXCL8 but not TNF-α, CCL5 or CXCL10. This effect of the inactivated-H5N1 was inhibited by sialic acid receptor inhibitor (α-2,3 sialidase), adenosine diphosphatase (apyrase), P2Y receptor (P2YR) inhibitor (suramin), P2Y6R antagonist (MRS2578), phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), protein kinase C inhibitors (BIM and Gö6976) and cell-permeant Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM). Inhibitors of MAPK signaling, including of ERK1/2 (PD98059), p38 MAPK (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) significantly suppressed the inactivated-H5N1-induced mRNA expression of CXCL8. On the other hand, the inactivated-H5N1-induced mRNA expression of IL-6 was inhibited by SB203580, but not PD98059 or SP600125, whereas SN-50, an inhibitor of NF-κB, inhibited the effect of virus on mRNA expression of both of IL-6 and CXCL8. Taken together, our data suggest that, without infection, inactivated-H5N1 induces mRNA expression of IL-6 and CXCL8 by a mechanism, or mechanisms, requiring interaction between viral hemagglutinin and α-2,3 sialic acid receptors at the cell membrane of host cells, and involves activation of P2Y6 purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawiya Huipao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Wiboon-ut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Craig R. Campbell
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Il-Ha Lee
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chumpol Pholpramool
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David I. Cook
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anuwat Dinudom
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Manabe T, Yamaoka K, Tango T, Binh NG, Co DX, Tuan ND, Izumi S, Takasaki J, Chau NQ, Kudo K. Chronological, geographical, and seasonal trends of human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Vietnam, 2003-2014: a spatial analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:64. [PMID: 26847341 PMCID: PMC4743110 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection continue to occur in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to identify when and where human H5N1 cases have occurred in Vietnam and how the situation has changed from the beginning of the H5N1 outbreaks in 2003 through 2014, to assist with implementing methods of targeted disease management. Methods We assessed the disease clustering and seasonal variation of human H5N1 cases in Vietnam to evaluate the geographical and monthly timing trends. The clustering of H5N1 cases and associated mortality were examined over three time periods: the outbreak period (2003–2005), the post-outbreak (2006–2009), and the recent period (2010–2014) using the flexibly shaped space-time scan statistic. The most likely cases to co-cluster and the elevated risks for incidence and mortality were assessed via calculation of the relative risk (RR). The H5N1 case seasonal variation was analysed as the cyclic trend in incidence data using Roger’s statistical test. Results Between 2003 and 2005, H5N1 cases (RR: 2.15, p = 0.001) and mortality (RR: 2.49, p = 0.021) were significantly clustered in northern Vietnam. After 2010, H5N1 cases tended to occur on the border with Cambodia in the south, while H5N1 mortality clustered significantly in the Mekong delta area (RR: 6.62, p = 0.002). A significant seasonal variation was observed (p < 0.001), with a higher incidence of morbidity in December through April. Conclusions These findings indicate that clinical preparedness for H5N1 in Vietnam needs to be strengthened in southern Vietnam in December–April. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1391-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Manabe
- Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. .,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Waseda University, 1-21-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kazue Yamaoka
- Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Tango
- Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. .,Center for Medical Statistics, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Gia Binh
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dao Xuan Co
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Dang Tuan
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jin Takasaki
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ngo Quy Chau
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Koichiro Kudo
- Waseda University, 1-21-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Koto Hospital, 6-8-5 Ojima, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Cross-protection of influenza A virus infection by a DNA aptamer targeting the PA endonuclease domain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4082-93. [PMID: 25918143 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00306-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid residues in the N-terminal of the PA subunit (PAN) of the influenza A virus polymerase play critical roles in endonuclease activity, protein stability, and viral RNA (vRNA) promoter binding. In addition, PAN is highly conserved among different subtypes of influenza virus, which suggests PAN to be a desired target in the development of anti-influenza agents. We selected DNA aptamers targeting the intact PA protein or the PAN domain of an H5N1 virus strain using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The binding affinities of selected aptamers were measured, followed by an evaluation of in vitro endonuclease inhibitory activity. Next, the antiviral effects of enriched aptamers against influenza A virus infections were examined. A total of three aptamers targeting PA and six aptamers targeting PAN were selected. Our data demonstrated that all three PA-selected aptamers neither inhibited endonuclease activity nor exhibited antiviral efficacy, whereas four of the six PAN-selected aptamers inhibited both endonuclease activity and H5N1 virus infection. Among the four effective aptamers, one exhibited cross-protection against infections of H1N1, H5N1, H7N7, and H7N9 influenza viruses, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of around 10 nM. Notably, this aptamer was identified at the 5th round but disappeared after the 10th round of selection, suggesting that the identification and evaluation of aptamers at early rounds of selection may be highly helpful for screening effective aptamers. Overall, our study provides novel insights for screening and developing effective aptamers for use as anti-influenza drugs.
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Little evidence of subclinical avian influenza virus infections among rural villagers in Cambodia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97097. [PMID: 24819948 PMCID: PMC4018260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2008, 800 adults living within rural Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of zoonotic influenza transmission. After enrollment, participants were contacted weekly for 24 months to identify acute influenza-like illnesses (ILI). Follow-up sera were collected at 12 and 24 months. A transmission substudy was also conducted among the family contacts of cohort members reporting ILI who were influenza A positive. Samples were assessed using serological or molecular techniques looking for evidence of infection with human and avian influenza viruses. Over 24 months, 438 ILI investigations among 284 cohort members were conducted. One cohort member was hospitalized with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection and withdrew from the study. Ninety-seven ILI cases (22.1%) were identified as influenza A virus infections by real-time RT-PCR; none yielded evidence for AIV. During the 2 years of follow-up, 21 participants (3.0%) had detectable antibody titers (≥1∶10) against the studied AIVs: 1 against an avian-like A/Migratory duck/Hong Kong/MPS180/2003(H4N6), 3 against an avian-like A/Teal/Hong Kong/w312/97(H6N1), 9 (3 of which had detectible antibody titers at both 12- and 24-month follow-up) against an avian-like A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2), 6 (1 detected at both 12- and 24-month follow-up) against an avian-like A/Duck/Memphis/546/74(H11N9), and 2 against an avian-like A/Duck/Alberta/60/76(H12N5). With the exception of the one hospitalized cohort member with H5N1 infection, no other symptomatic avian influenza infections were detected among the cohort. Serological evidence for subclinical infections was sparse with only one subject showing a 4-fold rise in microneutralization titer over time against AvH12N5. In summary, despite conducting this closely monitored cohort study in a region enzootic for H5N1 HPAI, we were unable to detect subclinical avian influenza infections, suggesting either that these infections are rare or that our assays are insensitive at detecting them.
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