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Prazak M, Bacigalupi R, Adams K. Reincarnation Beliefs and Suicidality: Social, Individual and Theological Factors. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3834-3855. [PMID: 37815741 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Among African tribes, Inuit, the Druze, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, a diversity of attitudes toward suicide exists. The meaning of suicide appears to be largely a reflection of the impact of the death on friends, family, and the broader community; the circumstances of the individual within their community; and the specific religious implications of suicide. The interpersonal impact is seen as consisting of the material impact of suicide; the spiritual and emotional burden endured by the community; and norms related to suicide. Individual factors include the degree of social integration; the social impact of suicide before death; and how the individual anticipates suicide affecting their afterlife. Taken together, the commonly repeated notion that reincarnation beliefs lend themselves to suicidal behavior finds little support, and instead it appears that social and pragmatic issues shape the meaning and interpretation of religious beliefs which in turn buffer or facilitate suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prazak
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Community Services, University of North Dakota, 231 Centennial Drive Stop 8255, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - Rachel Bacigalupi
- Gulf Coast Veterans Healthcare System, 400 Veterans Ave, Biloxi, MS, 39531, USA
| | - Kimberly Adams
- Golden VA Clinic, 1020 Johnson Rd, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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2
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Beliefs about food quality attributes, food-related goals and satisfaction with food-related life among the elderly in China: A means-end approach. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Williamson AK, Riendeau RP, Stolzmann K, Silverman AF, Kim B, Miller CJ, Connolly SL, Pitcock J, Bauer MS. An Exploratory Analysis of Self-Reported Protective Factors against Self-Harm in an Enrolled Veteran General Mental Health Population. Mil Med 2019; 184:e738-e744. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to characterize self-reported protective factors against suicide or self-harm within free-response comments from a harm-risk screening.
Materials and Methods
Veterans enrolled in Department of Veterans Affairs mental health care were administered a self-harm and suicide screening as part of the baseline assessment in an ongoing implementation trial. Veterans indicated if they had thoughts of harming themselves and if so, what kept them from acting on them. Responses were coded based on established Centers for Disease Control protective factor categories. Descriptive analyses of demographic factors (such as age, gender, and race), clinical factors, and quality of life measures were conducted across groups depending on levels of self-harm risk.
Results
Of 593 Veterans, 57 (10%) screened positive for active thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Those with thoughts of self-harm had lower quality of life scores and higher rates of depression diagnoses. Of those individuals, 41 (72%) reported protective factors including Personal Resources (17%), Community Resources or Relationships (68%), and Other including pets and hobbies (15%). Those with stated protective factors had higher rates of employment and lower rates of PTSD diagnoses.
Conclusion
This is one of the first open-response studies of harm-risk protective factors, allowing for a patient-centered approach that prioritizes the individual’s voice and values. New protective factors emerged through the open-response format, indicating important factors that kept Veterans safe from self-harm or suicide such as pets and hobbies. Increasing focus on strengths and positive aspects of Veterans’ lives that serve as protective factors may ultimately improve mental health treatment and prevention of suicide and self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Williamson
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
- School of Information, University of Michigan, 4322 North Quad, 105 S. State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Rachel P Riendeau
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
- University of Iowa, Department of Anthropology, 114 Macbride Hall, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kelly Stolzmann
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
| | - Allie F Silverman
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton St, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Bo Kim
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Christopher J Miller
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Samantha L Connolly
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
| | - Jeffery Pitcock
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4300 W 7th Street, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Mark S Bauer
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215
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Relationship of Suicidal Ideation With Demoralization, Depression, and Anxiety: A Study of Cancer Patients in Mainland China. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:326-332. [PMID: 30958419 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Demoralization is a form of psychological distress that may cause suicidal ideation. Demoralization syndrome is common among cancer patients, but there has been little empirical study on the association of suicidal ideation with demoralization, depression, and anxiety in this population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of high demoralization among cancer patients in mainland China and the contribution of high demoralization to suicidal ideation beyond the impact of self-report depression and anxiety. In this cross-sectional study, 303 patients with cancer were invited to complete questionnaires. In total, 14.5% participants reported suicidal ideation and 49.50% high demoralization. Logistic regression analysis identified high demoralization as an independent risk factor for suicidal ideation. Only depression (odds ratio [OR], 6.68) had a stronger influence on suicidal ideation than demoralization (OR, 5.85), and patients with both depression and high demoralization were most likely to experience suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that measures of demoralization can help identify cancer patients at high suicide risk and that such patients require further attention and measures targeting demoralization for suicide prevention.
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Deuter K, Procter N, Evans D. Protective factors for older suicide attempters: Finding reasons and experiences to live. DEATH STUDIES 2019; 44:430-439. [PMID: 30849030 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2019.1578303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the nature and scope of protective factors that give older people reasons and experiences to live following a suicide attempt. In order to understand more about what protective factors influenced them, we conducted a multiple-case study of seven older people who attempted suicide. The main category from the within-case analysis was the self. Between-case analysis identified four main categories: interpersonal relationships, meaningful activities and interests, community engagement, and involvement of mental health services staff. These findings offer valuable insight into the meanings behind the reasons and experiences that promote survival of older people following a suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Deuter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas Procter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Evans
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Suicide rates and risk and protective factors vary across religions. There has been a significant increase in research in the area of religion and suicide since the article, "Religion and Suicide," reviewed these issues in 2009. This current article provides an updated review of the research since the original article was published. PsycINFO, MEDLINE, SocINDEX, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles on religion and suicide published between 2008 and 2017. Epidemiological data on suicidality and risk and protective factors across religions are explored. Updated general practice guidelines are provided, and areas for future research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Edward Gearing
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 3511 Cullen Boulevard, 110HA, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Dana Alonzo
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
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Brooks SE, Burruss SK, Mukherjee K. Suicide in the Elderly: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention. Clin Geriatr Med 2018; 35:133-145. [PMID: 30390980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Suicide in the elderly is a growing problem. The elderly population is increasing, and elderly patients have multiple issues that place them at higher risk of suicidality. These issues include physical illnesses, mental illness, loss of functional status, isolation, and family, financial, and social factors. Access to firearms is another significant risk factor, because elderly patients are more likely to use firearms in suicide attempts; interventions to reduce firearms mortality may save lives. Tackling the difficult problem of suicide in the elderly may require a multidisciplinary, community-based series of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street MS 8312, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sigrid K Burruss
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11175 Campus Street, CP 21109, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kaushik Mukherjee
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11175 Campus Street, CP 21109, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Suicidal Ideation and Psychological Strain Among Patients Diagnosed With Stomach Cancer: The Mediation of Psychopathological Factors. J Nerv Ment Dis 2017; 205:550-557. [PMID: 28323661 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with stomach cancer are at high risk to experience suicidal ideation. Strain theory of suicide assumes that suicide is preceded by psychological strain. Despite wide international acceptance of the theory, its use with a sample of patients with stomach cancer has not previously been reported. The aims were to examine the relationship between psychological strain and suicidal ideation among patients with stomach cancer and to determine whether psychopathological factors act as mediators. A cross-sectional study was undertaken involving subjects with no history of mental disorder, and questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview. Patients who experienced more psychological strain, especially coping strain, are more likely to experience suicidal ideation. The mediation effects of hopelessness and psychological distress are significant. Psychological strain, hopelessness, and psychological distress may be the vital factors among patients with stomach cancer in the suicide-risk assessment interview and for care planning and psychological intervention.
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Huang LB, Tsai YF, Liu CY, Chen YJ. Influencing and protective factors of suicidal ideation among older adults. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2017; 26:191-199. [PMID: 27452945 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a global issue, but few studies have explored the triggers and psychological feelings of suicidal ideation in older adults. A qualitative design with face-to-face semistructured interviews examined the experience of suicidal ideation in adults aged 65 years and older. A purposive sampling of 32 outpatients with suicidal ideation from a medical centre in northern Taiwan participated. Interview data identified three themes: triggers for suicidal ideation, contributing psychological changes, and factors of adaptive response. The triggers for suicidal ideation included physical discomfort, loss of respect and/or support from family, impulsive emotions due to conflicts with others, and painful memories. Psychological changes contributed to suicidal ideation: feelings of loneliness, a sense of helplessness, or lack of self-worth. Participants described adaptive responses that acted as protective factors of suicidal ideation: support from family and friends, control of emotions, establishing a support network, comfort from religion, medication, and focussing on the family. Mental health nurses and clinicians should incorporate evaluations of stressful life events and psychological changes into a screening scale for older adults to improve detection of those at risk for suicide. Teaching coping strategies could provide timely interventions to secure the safety of this older population of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bi Huang
- Department of Nursing, Shuyow Recovery Home, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Zhang XK, Procter NG, Xu Q, Chen XY, Lou FL. Factors influencing suicidal ideation among Chinese patients with stomach cancer: qualitative study. Int Nurs Rev 2016; 64:413-420. [PMID: 27995609 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the influencing factors of suicidal ideation in Chinese patients diagnosed with stomach cancer. INTRODUCTION More recently, links have been made between suicide and cancer. For inpatients with cancer, nurses are at the front line to cope with suicidal issues in clinical settings. METHOD This study was part of a larger study that investigated psychological strains and related factors associated with suicidal ideation. Thirty-two patients with stomach cancer participated in a face-to-face interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. FINDINGS Four themes were identified as protective factors against suicidal ideation: suicidal denial and fears of stigmatization; positive coping skills; family connectedness; and desire to live well and longer. DISCUSSION Consistent with previous research, these four protective factors may encourage participants to think more positively about life and cancer. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest four protective factors for targeted suicide prevention, which may play an important role in future suicide-prevention programmes for Chinese patients diagnosed with stomach cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses may help reduce patients' risk for suicidal ideation more effectively by discussing beliefs, family and meaning in life perspectives, as well as offering health education about positive coping skills. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTHY POLICY Clinical nurses, hospitals and the government should work collaboratively with each other. It is suggested that Chinese national guidelines for working with the high-risk suicide populations should be considered within a future mental health working plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - N G Procter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Q Xu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - X Y Chen
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - F L Lou
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Suicide in older adults is continuing to rise and, as the older population increases, so will the rate of suicide. By learning more about the risk factors, assessment areas to explore, and ways to improve treatment, primary care providers can help decrease the incidence of suicidal behaviors in this population.
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Kim H, Sefcik JS, Bradway C. Characteristics of Qualitative Descriptive Studies: A Systematic Review. Res Nurs Health 2016; 40:23-42. [PMID: 27686751 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative description (QD) is a term that is widely used to describe qualitative studies of health care and nursing-related phenomena. However, limited discussions regarding QD are found in the existing literature. In this systematic review, we identified characteristics of methods and findings reported in research articles published in 2014 whose authors identified the work as QD. After searching and screening, data were extracted from the sample of 55 QD articles and examined to characterize research objectives, design justification, theoretical/philosophical frameworks, sampling and sample size, data collection and sources, data analysis, and presentation of findings. In this review, three primary findings were identified. First, although there were some inconsistencies, most articles included characteristics consistent with the limited available QD definitions and descriptions. Next, flexibility or variability of methods was common and effective for obtaining rich data and achieving understanding of a phenomenon. Finally, justification for how a QD approach was chosen and why it would be an appropriate fit for a particular study was limited in the sample and, therefore, in need of increased attention. Based on these findings, recommendations include encouragement to researchers to provide as many details as possible regarding the methods of their QD studies so that readers can determine whether the methods used were reasonable and effective in producing useful findings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Doctoral Candidate, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Justine S Sefcik
- Doctoral Candidate, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Bradway
- Associate Professor of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Wang YW, Tsai YF, Lee SH, Chen YJ, Chen HF. Development and psychometric testing of the Protective Reasons Against Suicide Inventory for assessing older Chinese-speaking outpatients in primary care settings. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:1701-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- School of Nursing; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Tsai
- School of Nursing; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- Department of Psychiatry; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Division of Internal Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Chen
- Department of Nursing; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
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