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Kargar S, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansari H. The prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:14. [PMID: 37528241 PMCID: PMC10393920 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seat belts might save people's lives in car accidents by preventing severe collision damage and keeping passengers safe from critical injuries. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar were searched from the beginning of 2000 to late December 2020 to identify studies that investigated the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model. The STATA-v14 software was used to perform data analysis. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies that met the inclusion criteria and were suitable for this meta-analysis were identified. The pooled prevalence of seat belt use was 43.94% (95% CI: 42.23-45.73) among drivers, 38.47% (95% CI: 34.89-42.42) among front-seat passengers, and 15.32% (95% CI: 12.33-19.03) among rear-seat passengers. The lowest seat belt use among drivers and passengers was observed in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, while the highest use was reported in Europe and America. Moreover, the prevalence of seat belt use was higher among women drivers [51.47% (95% CI: 48.62-54.48)] than men drivers [38.27% (95% CI: 34.98-41.87)] (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the highest prevalence of seat belt use was seen among drivers (68.9%) and front-seat passengers (50.5%) of sports utility vehicles (SUVs); in contrast, the lowest prevalence was observed among drivers and passengers of public vehicles such as buses, minibuses, and taxis. CONCLUSIONS In general, the prevalence of seat belt use was not high among drivers and was even lower among passengers. Moreover, drivers and passengers in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa had the lowest prevalence of seat belt usage. Additionally, drivers and passengers of public transportation (buses, minibuses, and taxis) had a lower rate of seat belt use, especially among men. Therefore, effective interventional programs to improve seat belt use should be designed and implemented, particularly among these at-risk populations in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kargar
- Health Promotion Research Centre, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ansari
- Health Promotion Research Centre, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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AlKetbi LMB, Grivna M, Al Dhaheri S. Risky driving behaviour in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional, survey-based study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1324. [PMID: 32867738 PMCID: PMC7461254 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traffic collision fatality rates per mile travelled have declined in Abu Dhabi similar to many developed countries. Nevertheless, the rate is still significantly higher than the average of countries with similar GDP and socio-demographic indicators. The literature on the subject in the UAE is limited especially in the area of studying drivers behaviour. This study aims to find determinants of risky driving behaviours that precipitate having a road traffic collision (RTC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods A cross-sectional, survey-based study was employed. Participants were 327 active drivers who were attending Abu Dhabi Ambulatory Health Care Services clinics. They were provided with a questionnaire consisting of demography, lifestyle history, medical history, driving history, and an RTC history. They were also given a driving behaviour questionnaire, a distracted driving survey, depression screening and anxiety screening. Results Novice drivers (less than 25 years old) were 42% of the sample and 79% were less than 35 years. Those who reported a history of an RTC constituted 39.8% of the sample; nearly half (47.1%) did not wear a seatbelt during the collision. High scores in the driving behaviour questionnaire and high distraction scores were evident in the sample. Most distraction-prone individuals were young (90.5% were less than 36 years old). High scores in the driving behaviour questionnaire were also associated with high distraction scores (p < 0.001). Respondents with high depression risk were more likely to be involved in the RTC. With each one-point increase in the driver’s distraction score, the likelihood of a car crash being reported increased by 4.9%. Conclusion Drivers in the UAE engage in risky behaviours and they are highly distracted. Some behaviours that contribute to severe and even fatal injuries in RTCs include failing to wear a seatbelt and being distracted. Younger people were more likely distracted, while older drivers were more likely to have higher depression scores. Depression is suggested as a determinant factor in risky driving. These findings are informative to other countries of similar socioeconomic status to the UAE and to researchers in this field in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Al Dhaheri
- College of Public Health, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Adetunji O, Li Q, Pham CV, Thi NT, Bachani AM. Seatbelt and child restraint use among vehicle occupants in Ho Chi Minh City: an observational study in Vietnam. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2020; 27:319-326. [PMID: 32496908 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2020.1774620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the trend of seatbelt use, disaggregated by vehicle occupants, in Ho Chi Minh City between 2016 and 2018. We conducted statistical analyses to identify the determinants of seatbelt use, including the effect of a new fine imposed against seatbelt law violation in the rear seats that became effective in January 2018. Seatbelt use was observed in at least half of all vehicle occupants, and drivers were more likely to use seatbelts than passengers. Only 4.4% of children younger than 5-years and 2.5% of 5 to12-year-olds used a child restraint system. Seatbelt use increased among all occupants after the imposed fine, especially among rear-seat passengers. Imposing new or increasing fixed penalties, with enforcement and public education, may increase seatbelt use to prevent road traffic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwarantimi Adetunji
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cuong Viet Pham
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research (CIPPR), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngan Tran Thi
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research (CIPPR), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Abdulgafoor M Bachani
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Useche S, Alonso F, Montoro L, Garrigós L. More aware, more protected: a cross-sectional study on road safety skills predicting the use of passive safety elements among Spanish teenagers. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e035007. [PMID: 31772115 PMCID: PMC6887036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study had two objectives: first, to test the effects of sociodemographic variables, and the effects of three key road safety skills (knowledge-risk perception-attitudes) on the use of passive safety elements (PSEs) among teenagers; and second, to assess the differential impact of the study variables on PSEs use from a gender-based perspective. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was framed in the paradigm of primary care, and it involved students from several educational centres in Spain. A sample of 827 Spanish teenagers (52.4% females and 47.6% males) with a mean age of M=14.41-7 (12-19) years was used. RESULTS Through SEM modelling, we found that the use of PSEs is largely explained by psychosocial variables through the mediation of three road safety skills: risk perception (β=0.103***), rule knowledge (β=0.095*) and attitudes towards road safety (β=0.186***). Furthermore, multigroup analyses showed that, although most variables explain the use of PSEs among teenagers in a similar way, key gender-based differences exist in this regard. CONCLUSIONS Road safety skills have a significant effect on the use of PSEs among Spanish teenagers, and gender explains some differences in the mechanisms which predict them. Also, in the study we discuss the need for strengthening school-based interventions aimed at helping this vulnerable group of road users acquire and develop positive behavioural competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Useche
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group - INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Francisco Alonso
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group - INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Luis Montoro
- FACTHUM.Lab (Human Factor and Road Safety) Research Group - INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Leandro Garrigós
- Generalitat Valenciana (Government of the Valencian Community), Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain
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Ledesma RD, Tosi JD, Díaz-Lázaro CM, Poó FM. Predicting road safety behavior with implicit attitudes and the Theory of Planned Behavior. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2018; 66:187-194. [PMID: 30121105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most widely used psychological models when it comes to explaining road safety behaviors. Recently, studies have also been conducted from the perspective of dual-process models. However, the present is the first study on road safety behaviors that integrates both perspectives. The study evaluates the roles of both implicit attitudes and TPB constructs in the prediction of seatbelt use. Method A sample of 100 drivers completed: (1) a self-reporting instrument on seatbelt use, (2) a questionnaire addressing TPB constructs, (3) an indirect measure of attitudes (Implicit Association Test), and (4) a social desirability scale. Results Results suggest that both types of attitudes make a significant and quite similar contribution to the explanation of seatbelt use. Interestingly, implicit attitudes were a better predictor than explicit attitudes among participants reporting inconsistent seatbelt use. In addition, path analysis models suggested that implicit attitudes appear to be relatively independent of TPB constructs and have a direct effect on seatbelt use. Conclusion The findings advance the idea of adding implicit attitudes to variables from the TPB model in order to increase the explanatory power of models used to predict road safety behaviors. Practical applications Potential use of implicit attitude measures in the education and training of drivers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Ledesma
- IPSIBAT, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - Jeremías D Tosi
- IPSIBAT, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando M Poó
- IPSIBAT, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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Gupta S, Paichadze N, Gritsenko E, Klyavin V, Yurasova E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of the five-year Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Program in the Russian Federation. Public Health 2017; 144S:S5-S14. [PMID: 28288732 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In Russia, a road safety program was implemented in Lipetskaya and Ivanovskaya oblasts (regions) as part of a 10-country effort funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies. The program was focused on increasing seat belt and child restraint use and reducing speeding. The primary goals of this monitoring and evaluation study are to assess trends in seat belt use, child restraint use, and speed compliance in the two oblasts over the 5 years and to explore the overall impact of the program on road traffic injury and death rates. Primary data via roadside observations and interviews, and secondary data from official government sources were collected and analyzed for this study. Our results indicate significant improvements in seat belt wearing and child seat use rates and in prevalence of speeding in both intervention oblasts. The observations were consistent with the results from the roadside interviews. In Lipetskaya, restraint use by all occupants increased from 52.4% (baseline, October 2010) to 77.4% (final round, October 2014) and child restraint use increased from 20.9% to 54.1% during the same period. In Ivanovskaya, restraint use by all occupants increased from 48% (baseline, April 2012) to 88.7% (final round, October 2014) and child restraint use increased from 20.6% to 89.4% during the same period. In Lipetskaya, the overall prevalence of speeding (vehicles driving above speed limit) declined from 47.0% (baseline, July 2011) to 30.4% (final round, October 2014) and a similar pattern was observed in Ivanovskaya where the prevalence of speeding decreased from 54.6% (baseline, March 2012) to 46.6% (final round, October 2014). Through 2010-2014, the road traffic crash and injury rates per 100,000 population decreased in Lipetskaya oblast (191.5 and 246.9 in 2010 and 170.4 and 208.6 in 2014, respectively) and slightly increased in Ivanovskaya oblast (184.4 and 236.0 in 2010 and 186.7 and 243.4 in 2014, respectively). These road safety improvements are associated with the program that enabled a combined focus on policy reform, legislation, enforcement, advocacy, education, and data collection and use. However, the existence of other road safety efforts, lack of data from comparable regions, and unavailability of risk factor-specific data make it difficult to attribute these changes to the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, USA.
| | - N Paichadze
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Suite E-8636, Baltimore, USA.
| | - E Gritsenko
- Department of Highway Transportation, Ivanovo State Polytechnic University, 20 8 March Street, Ivanovo 153037, Russian Federation.
| | - V Klyavin
- Department of Transportation Management, Lipetsk State Technical University, 30 Moskovskaya Street, Lipetsk 398600, Russian Federation.
| | - E Yurasova
- WHO Office in the Russian Federation, 9 Leontyevsky pereulok, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation.
| | - A A Hyder
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Suite E-8132, Baltimore, USA.
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Pankratz C, Warda L, Piotrowski C. Challenges in the Accurate Surveillance of Booster Seat and Bicycle Helmet Usage by Children: Lessons from the Field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13070658. [PMID: 27399749 PMCID: PMC4962199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle collisions and bicycle collisions and falls are a leading cause of death by preventable injury for children. In order to design, implement and evaluate campaigns and programs aimed at improving child safety, accurate surveillance is needed. This paper examined the challenges that confront efforts to collect surveillance data relevant to child traffic safety, including observation, interview, and focus group methods. Strategies to address key challenges in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of surveillance methods were recommended. The potential for new technology to enhance existing surveillance methods was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Pankratz
- Department of Sociology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
| | - Lynne Warda
- Injury Prevention and Child Public Health Program, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.
| | - Caroline Piotrowski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Wong TH, Lim GH, Chow KY, Zaw NN, Nguyen HV, Chin HC, Ong MEH. Buckling up in Singapore: residency and other risk factors for seatbelt non-compliance - a cross-sectional study based on trauma registry data. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:402. [PMID: 27180046 PMCID: PMC4867087 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seatbelt non-compliance is a problem in middle income countries, and little is known about seatbelt compliance in populations with a high proportion of non-residents. This study analyses the profile of seatbelt non-compliance in Singapore based on trauma registry data from five of the six public hospitals. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of seatbelt compliance of patients aged over 18 years, attending the emergency departments of five public hospitals in Singapore after road collisions from 2011-2014. Seatbelt data was obtained from paramedic and patient history. RESULTS There were 4,576 patients studied. Most were Singapore citizens (83.4 %) or permanent residents (2.4 %), with the largest non-resident groups from Malaysia, India, and China. Overall seatbelt compliance was 82.1 %. On univariate analysis, seatbelt compliance was higher in older patients (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.001-1.021, p < 0.0001); drivers, followed by front passengers (OR 0.65, 95 % CI 0.51-0.83, p < 0.0001), were more compliant than rear passengers (OR 0.08, 0.06-0.09, p < 0.0001); occupants of larger vehicle types (buses, heavy transport vehicles, minibuses and vans) were more non-compliant compared to occupants of private cars and taxis. Morning peak travel (0700 h-0900 h) and being a non-resident were other risk factors for non-compliance. On multivariable analysis, older age (OR 1.01, 95 % CI 1.001-1.014, p = 0.03) was associated with compliance, while non-residents from China (OR 0.43, 95 % CI 0.18-0.99, p = 0.05), seat position (front passenger compared to driver, OR 0.64, 95 % CI 0.48-0.85, p = 0.002; rear passenger compared to driver, OR 0.067, 95 % CI 0.05-0.09, p < 0.0001), vehicle type (bus compared to car, OR 0.04, 95 % CI 0.017-0.11, p < 0.0001, van compared to car, OR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.36-0.83, p = 0.004), and travel at morning peak periods were independent predictors of seatbelt non-compliance. When the sub-group of drivers was analysed, only vehicle type was a significant predictor of seatbelt compliance, with bus drivers least likely to be compliant to seatbelts (multivariable analysis, OR 0.057 compared to cars, 95 % CI 0.019-0.18, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS While overall seatbelt compliance in our study is high, efforts can be made to increase compliance for morning rush hour passengers, rear seat passengers, and occupants of buses, heavy transport vehicles, and vans or pickups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hway Wong
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Gek Hsiang Lim
- Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168937, Singapore
| | - Khuan Yew Chow
- Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168937, Singapore
| | - Nyi Nyi Zaw
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Hai Van Nguyen
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hoong Chor Chin
- National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
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Mizenko AJ, Tefft BC, Arnold LS, Grabowski JG. The relationship between age and driving attitudes and behaviors among older Americans. Inj Epidemiol 2015; 2:9. [PMID: 27747741 PMCID: PMC5005785 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-015-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to a decreasing birth rate and longer life expectancy, the proportion of Americans over the age of 65 is expected to rise in coming years. Drivers over 65 drive two billion miles yearly, a number that will increase. For that reason, it is imperative to understand their attitudes and perceptions. It is also important to understand whether drivers over 65 can be treated as one cohesive group, or if there are differences among them. Methods A web-enabled survey was conducted among Americans in the years 2011–2013. Responses from 1793 persons over 65 regarding attitudes towards driving behaviors, support for safety interventions, and engagement in unsafe behaviors were analyzed. Respondents were stratified by age: 65–69, 70–74, and 75 and older. Age groups were compared using logistic regression. Other potential explanatory factors were analyzed and controlled for. Results The three groups were similar on many outcomes. However, statistically significant differences were found between them with regard to perceptions on speeding and the support for speed cameras, among other outcomes. In nearly all cases, those 75 and older were the most “pro-safety.” However, when adjusted for demographic characteristics other than age, a larger proportion of respondents 75 and older reported engaging in red light running and drowsy driving in the last 30 days, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Older drivers are strongly “pro-traffic safety.” However, the finding that those 65–69 are less so is concerning. This is especially true if it is the result of a cohort effect instead of an age effect. The increase in certain behaviors among those 75 and older is also concerning; drivers over this age are more prone to fatal injury when involved in a motor vehicle crashes. This poses a public health issue as the 75and older population expands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Mizenko
- AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 607 14th Street, NW, Suite 201, 20005, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Brian C Tefft
- AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 607 14th Street, NW, Suite 201, 20005, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsay S Arnold
- AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 607 14th Street, NW, Suite 201, 20005, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jurek G Grabowski
- AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 607 14th Street, NW, Suite 201, 20005, Washington, DC, USA
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Wadhwaniya S, Gupta S, Tetali S, Josyula LK, Gururaj G, Hyder AA. The validity of self-reported helmet use among motorcyclists in India. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2015; 4:38-44. [PMID: 28607273 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.206619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motorcyclists are the most vulnerable vehicle users in India. No published study has assessed the validity of self-reported estimates of helmet use in India. The objectives of this study were to assess helmet use by comparing observed and self-reported use and to identify factors influencing use among motorcyclists in Hyderabad, India. METHODS Population-based observations were recorded for 68 229 motorcyclists and 21 777 pillion riders (co-passengers). Concurrent roadside observations and interviews were conducted with 606 motorcyclists, who were asked whether they "always wear a helmet". Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing helmet use. RESULTS In the population-based study, 22.6% (n = 15,426) of motorcyclists and 1.1% (n = 240) of pillion riders (co-passengers) were observed wearing helmets. In roadside interviews, 64.7% (n = 392) of the respondents reported always wearing a helmet, 2.2 times higher than the observed helmet use (29.4%, n = 178) in the same group. Compared with riders aged ≥40 years, riders in the age groups 30-39 years and 18-29 years had respectively 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4 to 1.0, P < 0.05) and 70% (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.5, P < 0.001) lower odds of wearing a helmet after controlling for other covariates. Riders with postgraduate or higher education had higher odds of wearing a helmet (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.5 to 6.9, P < 0.001) than those with fewer than 12 grades of schooling. After adjusting for other covariates, younger riders also had 40% (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9, P< 0.05) lower odds of self-reporting helmet use, while those with postgraduate or higher education had 2.1 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.3 to 3.3, P < 0.01) of reporting that they always wear a helmet. Police had stopped only 2.3% of respondents to check helmet use in the three months prior to the interview. CONCLUSION Observed helmet use is low in Hyderabad, yet a larger proportion of motorcyclists claim to always wear a helmet, which suggests that observational studies can provide more valid estimates of helmet use. Interview findings suggest that a combination of increased enforcement, targeted social marketing and increased supply of standard helmets could be a strategy to increase helmet use in Hyderabad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Wadhwaniya
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Adnan A Hyder
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
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Assessing population-wide behaviour change: concordance of 10-year trends in self-reported and observed sun protection. Int J Public Health 2013; 59:157-66. [PMID: 23519893 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-013-0454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increases in socially desirable responses in self-reports might occur in the context of ongoing public education. We examine concordance of trends in two long-term studies monitoring population impact for SunSmart. METHODS One study employed telephone interviews of Melbourne residents; the other entailed observations at public recreation venues across Melbourne. The studies assessed people's sun protection on identical weekend dates (Nw = 33 dates). Data from five summers between 1992 and 2001 (n ~ 23,000 individuals) were analysed. A body cover index score was calculated for participants on each date. Outcomes were aggregated separately for Saturdays and Sundays by date and year. Regression analyses tested whether these trends differed by survey method. RESULTS The pattern of change in body cover over time was similar for both surveys. Self-reported body cover was consistently higher than observed body cover, suggesting that social desirability bias may be present. Regression analyses showed no divergence between self-reported and observed trends in mean body cover, suggesting no evidence of significant increased social desirability bias in self-reporting over time. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that self-report offers a valid means of assessing change in a population's sun protection compliance over time, at least when self-reports are precisely focussed for time and activity context.
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Ma S, Tran N, Klyavin VE, Zambon F, Hatcher KW, Hyder AA. Seat belt and child seat use in Lipetskaya Oblast, Russia: frequencies, attitudes, and perceptions. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2012; 13 Suppl 1:76-81. [PMID: 22414131 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2011.645382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the importance of understanding seat belt use patterns among drivers and passengers for the purpose of direct interventions or monitoring improvements, no study has described wearing rates for all seat positions in Russia. This study describes observed seat belt use and knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of seat belt use in Lipetskaya Oblast, Russia. METHODS An observational study on the use of seat belts and child restraints in the Lipetskaya region conducted during October 2010 collected data in 6 districts and on 3 different road types. A roadside survey gathered information on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward the use of seat belts from randomly selected drivers. Frequencies of seat belt use by seat position, gender, and road type were calculated. A multivariable logit model disclosed the associations between seat belt use and sociodemographic factors. The study design permitted comparison of observed seat belt use to self-reported seat belt use. RESULTS A total of 25,795 vehicles and 39,833 drivers and passengers contributed observations. Overall, 55 percent of drivers were observed to be using seat belts. More than half (58%) of front seat passengers wore seat belts and only 9 percent of back seat passengers were observed to be wearing seat belts; 11 percent of cars with children had any type of child safety measure. Drivers on urban roads were less likely to wear seat belts compared to those on main highways and rural roads. Nearly 60 percent of survey respondents mentioned "seat belts save lives," and more than half mentioned law requirements and fines. CONCLUSIONS Although the observed seat belt use in Lipetskaya Oblast is much higher than previous estimates in Russia, overall wearing rates remain far from universal. Rear seat passengers and children are particularly at risk. Because combined education and enforcement has proven to be effective elsewhere, such interventions are needed to improve seat belt use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Habib RR, Hamdan M, Al-Sahab B, Tamim H, Mack A, Afifi RA. The influence of parent-child relationship on safety belt use among school children in Beirut. Health Promot Int 2010; 25:403-11. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daq038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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