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Del Duca E, Dahabreh D, Kim M, Bar J, Da Rosa JC, Rabinowitz G, Facheris P, Gómez-Arias PJ, Chang A, Utti V, Chowdhury A, Liu Y, Estrada YD, Laculiceanu A, Agache I, Guttman-Yassky E. Transcriptomic evaluation of skin tape-strips in children with allergic asthma uncovers epidermal barrier dysfunction and asthma-associated biomarkers abnormalities. Allergy 2024; 79:1516-1530. [PMID: 38375886 DOI: 10.1111/all.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tape-strips, a minimally invasive method validated for the evaluation of several skin diseases, may help identify asthma-specific biomarkers in the skin of children with allergic asthma. METHODS Skin tape-strips were obtained and analyzed with RNA-Seq from children with moderate allergic asthma (MAA) (n = 11, mean age 7.00; SD = 1.67), severe allergic asthma (SAA) (n = 9, mean age 9.11; SD = 2.37), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 12, mean age 7.36; SD = 2.03). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by fold change ≥2 with a false discovery rate <0.05. Transcriptomic biomarkers were analyzed for their accuracy in distinguishing asthma from HCs, their relationships with asthma-related outcomes (exacerbation rate, lung function-FEV1, IOS-R5-20, and lung inflammation-FeNO), and their links to skin (barrier and immune response) and lung (remodeling, metabolism, aging) pathogenetic pathways. RESULTS RNA-Seq captured 1113 in MAA and 2117 DEGs in SAA. Epidermal transcriptomic biomarkers for terminal differentiation (FLG/filaggrin), cell adhesion (CDH19, JAM2), lipid biosynthesis/metabolism (ACOT2, LOXL2) were significantly downregulated. Gene set variation analysis revealed enrichment of Th1/IFNγ pathways (p < .01). MAA and SAA shared downregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (OR4A16, TAS1R3), upregulation of TGF-β/ErbB signaling-related (ACVR1B, EGFR, ID1/2), and upregulation of mitochondrial-related (HIGD2A, VDAC3, NDUFB9) genes. Skin transcriptomic biomarkers correlated with the annualized exacerbation rate and with lung function parameters. A two-gene classifier (TSSC4-FAM212B) was able to differentiate asthma from HCs with 100% accuracy. CONCLUSION Tape-strips detected epithelial barrier and asthma-associated signatures in normal-appearing skin from children with allergic asthma and may serve as an alternative to invasive approaches for evaluating asthma endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Dahabreh
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madeline Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Bar
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joel Correa Da Rosa
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace Rabinowitz
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paola Facheris
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Jesús Gómez-Arias
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Annie Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivian Utti
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amira Chowdhury
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandru Laculiceanu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Ioana Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Shirsath KR, Patil VK, Awathale SN, Goyal SN, Nakhate KT. Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of neuropeptide S system in neurological disorders. Peptides 2024; 175:171167. [PMID: 38325715 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20 amino acids-containing neuroactive molecule discovered by the reverse pharmacology method. NPS is detected in specific brain regions like the brainstem, amygdala, and hypothalamus, while its receptor (NPSR) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Besides CNS, NPS and NPSR are also expressed in the peripheral nervous system. NPSR is a G-protein coupled receptor that primarily uses Gq and Gs signaling pathways to mediate the actions of NPS. In animal models of Parkinsonism and Alzheimer's disease, NPS exerts neuroprotective effects. NPS suppresses oxidative stress, anxiety, food intake, and pain, and promotes arousal. NPSR facilitates reward, reinforcement, and addiction-related behaviors. Genetic variation and single nucleotide polymorphism in NPSR are associated with depression, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. NPS interacts with several neurotransmitters including glutamate, noradrenaline, serotonin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. It also modulates the immune system via augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokines and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. In the present review, we discussed the distribution profile of NPS and NPSR, signaling pathways, and their importance in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. We have also proposed the areas where further investigations on the NPS system are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini R Shirsath
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishnavi K Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay N Awathale
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India.
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Thompson MD, Percy ME, Cole DEC, Bichet DG, Hauser AS, Gorvin CM. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) gene variants and human genetic disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38497103 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2286606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can disrupt receptor structure and function, which can result in human genetic diseases. Disease-causing mutations have been reported in at least 55 GPCRs for more than 66 monogenic diseases in humans. The spectrum of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants includes loss of function variants that decrease receptor signaling on one extreme and gain of function that may result in biased signaling or constitutive activity, originally modeled on prototypical rhodopsin GPCR variants identified in retinitis pigmentosa, on the other. GPCR variants disrupt ligand binding, G protein coupling, accessory protein function, receptor desensitization and receptor recycling. Next generation sequencing has made it possible to identify variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We discuss variants in receptors known to result in disease and in silico strategies for disambiguation of VUS such as sorting intolerant from tolerant and polymorphism phenotyping. Modeling of variants has contributed to drug development and precision medicine, including drugs that target the melanocortin receptor in obesity and interventions that reverse loss of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor from the cell surface in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Activating and inactivating variants of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) gene that are pathogenic in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia have enabled the development of calcimimetics and calcilytics. Next generation sequencing has continued to identify variants in GPCR genes, including orphan receptors, that contribute to human phenotypes and may have therapeutic potential. Variants of the CaSR gene, some encoding an arginine-rich region that promotes receptor phosphorylation and intracellular retention, have been linked to an idiopathic epilepsy syndrome. Agnostic strategies have identified variants of the pyroglutamylated RF amide peptide receptor gene in intellectual disability and G protein-coupled receptor 39 identified in psoriatic arthropathy. Coding variants of the G protein-coupled receptor L1 (GPR37L1) orphan receptor gene have been identified in a rare familial progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The study of the role of GPCR variants in monogenic, Mendelian phenotypes has provided the basis of modeling the significance of more common variants of pharmacogenetic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maire E Percy
- Departments of Physiology and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David E C Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel G Bichet
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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4
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Akhmerova YN, Shpakova TA, Grammatikati KS, Mitrofanov SI, Kazakova PG, Mkrtchian AA, Zemsky PU, Pilipenko MN, Feliz NV, Frolova LV, Frolovskaya AA, Yudin VS, Keskinov AA, Kraevoy SA, Yudin SM, Skvortsova VI. Genetic Variants Associated with Bronchial Asthma Specific to the Population of the Russian Federation. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:31-41. [PMID: 37153512 PMCID: PMC10154776 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a disease that still lacks an exhaustive treatment protocol. In this regard, the global medical community pays special attention to the genetic prerequisites for the occurrence of this disease. Therefore, the search for the genetic polymorphisms underlying bronchial asthma has expanded considerably. As the present study progressed, a significant amount of scientific medical literature was analyzed and 167 genes reported to be associated with the development of bronchial asthma were identified. A group of participants (n = 7,303) who had voluntarily provided their biomaterial (venous blood) to be used in the research conducted by the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia was formed to subsequently perform a bioinformatic verification of known associations and search for new ones. This group of participants was divided into four cohorts, including two sex-distinct cohorts of individuals with a history of asthma and two sex-distinct cohorts of apparently healthy individuals. A search for polymorphisms was made in each cohort among the selected genes, and genetic variants were identified whose difference in occurrence in the different cohorts was statistically significant (significance level less than 0.0001). The study revealed 11 polymorphisms that affect the development of asthma: four genetic variants (rs869106717, rs1461555098, rs189649077, and rs1199362453), which are more common in men with bronchial asthma compared to apparently healthy men; five genetic variants (rs1923038536, rs181066119, rs143247175, rs140597386, and rs762042586), which are more common in women with bronchial asthma compared to apparently healthy women; and two genetic variants (rs1219244986 and rs2291651) that are rare in women with a history of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. N. Akhmerova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - T. A. Shpakova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - K. S. Grammatikati
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Mitrofanov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - P. G. Kazakova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Mkrtchian
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - P. U. Zemsky
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - M. N. Pilipenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - N. V. Feliz
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - L. V. Frolova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Frolovskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - V. S. Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Keskinov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Kraevoy
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - S. M. Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Center for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation
| | - V. I. Skvortsova
- Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA of Russia), Moscow, 123182 Russian Federation
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5
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Tapmeier TT, Rahmioglu N, Lin J, De Leo B, Obendorf M, Raveendran M, Fischer OM, Bafligil C, Guo M, Harris RA, Hess-Stumpp H, Laux-Biehlmann A, Lowy E, Lunter G, Malzahn J, Martin NG, Martinez FO, Manek S, Mesch S, Montgomery GW, Morris AP, Nagel J, Simmons HA, Brocklebank D, Shang C, Treloar S, Wells G, Becker CM, Oppermann U, Zollner TM, Kennedy SH, Kemnitz JW, Rogers J, Zondervan KT. Neuropeptide S receptor 1 is a nonhormonal treatment target in endometriosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/608/eabd6469. [PMID: 34433639 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammatory condition causing pelvic pain and infertility in women, with limited treatment options and 50% heritability. We leveraged genetic analyses in two species with spontaneous endometriosis, humans and the rhesus macaque, to uncover treatment targets. We sequenced DNA from 32 human families contributing to a genetic linkage signal on chromosome 7p13-15 and observed significant overrepresentation of predicted deleterious low-frequency coding variants in NPSR1, the gene encoding neuropeptide S receptor 1, in cases (predominantly stage III/IV) versus controls (P = 7.8 × 10-4). Significant linkage to the region orthologous to human 7p13-15 was replicated in a pedigree of 849 rhesus macaques (P = 0.0095). Targeted association analyses in 3194 surgically confirmed, unrelated cases and 7060 controls revealed that a common insertion/deletion variant, rs142885915, was significantly associated with stage III/IV endometriosis (P = 5.2 × 10-5; odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.39). Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that NPSR1 was expressed in glandular epithelium from eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and on monocytes in peritoneal fluid. The NPSR1 inhibitor SHA 68R blocked NPSR1-mediated signaling, proinflammatory TNF-α release, and monocyte chemotaxis in vitro (P < 0.01), and led to a significant reduction of inflammatory cell infiltrate and abdominal pain (P < 0.05) in a mouse model of peritoneal inflammation as well as in a mouse model of endometriosis. We conclude that the NPSR1/NPS system is a genetically validated, nonhormonal target for the treatment of endometriosis with likely increased relevance to stage III/IV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Tapmeier
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jianghai Lin
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Bianca De Leo
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Obendorf
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oliver M Fischer
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cemsel Bafligil
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Manman Guo
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Ronald Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Holger Hess-Stumpp
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexis Laux-Biehlmann
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernesto Lowy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gerton Lunter
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jessica Malzahn
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Sanjiv Manek
- Department of Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stefanie Mesch
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jens Nagel
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Denise Brocklebank
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Catherine Shang
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Susan Treloar
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Graham Wells
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Christian M Becker
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Thomas M Zollner
- Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Building S107, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.,Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. .,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Reinscheid RK, Mafessoni F, Lüttjohann A, Jüngling K, Pape HC, Schulz S. Neandertal introgression and accumulation of hypomorphic mutations in the neuropeptide S (NPS) system promote attenuated functionality. Peptides 2021; 138:170506. [PMID: 33556445 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) system plays an important role in fear and fear memory processing but has also been associated with allergic and inflammatory diseases. Genes for NPS and its receptor NPSR1 are found in all tetrapods. Compared to non-human primates, several non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occur in both human genes that collectively result in functional attenuation, suggesting adaptive mechanisms in a human context. To investigate historic and geographic origins of these hypomorphic mutations and explore genetic signs of selection, we analyzed ancient genomes and worldwide genotype frequencies of four prototypic SNPs in the NPS system. Neandertal and Denisovan genomes contain exclusively ancestral alleles for NPSR1 while all derived alleles occur in ancient genomes of anatomically modern humans, indicating that they arose in modern Homo sapiens. Worldwide genotype frequencies for three hypomorphic NPSR1 SNPs show significant regional homogeneity but follow a gradient towards increasing derived allele frequencies that supports an out-of-Africa scenario. Increased density of high-frequency polymorphisms around the three NPSR1 loci suggests weak or possibly balancing selection. A hypomorphic mutation in the NPS precursor, however, was detected at high frequency in Eurasian Neandertal genomes and shows genetic signatures indicating that it was introgressed into the human gene pool, particularly in Southern Europe, by interbreeding with Neandertals. We discuss potential evolutionary scenarios including behavior and immune-based natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K Reinscheid
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Annika Lüttjohann
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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7
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Pain-Related Emotion by Upregulating the Expression of NPS and Its Receptor NPSR in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Hypothalamus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8630368. [PMID: 32104195 PMCID: PMC7035524 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8630368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Electroacupuncture (EA) is reported effective in alleviating pain-related emotion; however, the underlying mechanism of its effects still needs to be elucidated. The NPS-NPSR system has been validated for the involvement in the modulation of analgesia and emotional behavior. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the NPS-NPSR system in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hypothalamus, and central amygdala (CeA) in the use of EA to relieve affective pain modeled by complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) evoked conditioned place aversion (C-CPA). Materials and Methods. CFA injection combined with a CPA paradigm was introduced to establish the C-CPA model, and the elevated O-maze (EOM) was used to test the behavioral changes after model establishment. We further explored the expression of NPS and NPSR at the protein and gene levels in the brain regions of interest by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR. Results We observed that EA stimulation delivered to the bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) acupoints remarkably inhibited sensory pain, pain-evoked place aversion, and anxiety-like behavior. The current study showed that EA significantly enhanced the protein expression of this peptide system in the ACC and hypothalamus, while the elevated expression of NPSR protein alone was just confined to the affected side in the CeA. Moreover, EA remarkably upregulated the mRNA expression of NPS in CeA, ACC, and hypothalamus and NPSR mRNA in the hypothalamus and CeA. Conclusions These data suggest the effectiveness of EA in alleviating affective pain, and these benefits may at least partially be attributable to the upregulation of the NPS-NPSR system in the ACC and hypothalamus.
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Zhang ZR, Tao YX. Physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology of neuropeptide S receptor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 161:125-148. [PMID: 30711025 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1), originally named G protein-coupled receptor 154 (GPR154), was deorphanized in 2002 with neuropeptide S identified as the endogenous ligand. NPSR1 is primarily expressed in bronchus, brain as well as immune cells. It regulates multiple physiological processes, including immunoregulation, locomotor activity, anxiety, arousal, learning and memory, and food intake and energy balance. SNPs of NPSR1 are significantly associated with several diseases, including asthma, anxiolytic and arousal disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. This chapter will summarize studies on NPSR1, including its molecular structure, tissue distribution, physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rui Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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Neuropeptide S (NPS) variants modify the signaling and risk effects of NPS Receptor 1 (NPSR1) variants in asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176568. [PMID: 28463995 PMCID: PMC5413018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) close to the gain-of-function substitution, Asn(107)Ile (rs324981, A>T), in Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 (NPSR1) have been associated with asthma. Furthermore, a functional SNP (rs4751440, G>C) in Neuropeptide S (NPS) encodes a Val(6)Leu substitution on the mature peptide that results in reduced bioactivity. We sought to examine the effects of different combinations of these NPS and NPSR1 variants on downstream signaling and genetic risk of asthma. In transfected cells, the magnitude of NPSR1-induced activation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathways and downstream gene expression was dependent on the combination of the NPS and NPSR1 variants with NPS-Val(6)/NPSR1-Ile(107) resulting in strongest and NPS-Leu(6)/NPSR1-Asn(107) in weakest effects, respectively. One or two copies of the NPS-Leu(6) (rs4751440) were associated with physician-diagnosed childhood asthma (OR: 0.67, 95%CI 0.49–0.92, p = 0.01) and together with two other linked NPS variants (rs1931704 and rs10830123) formed a protective haplotype (p = 0.008) in the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE (2033 children). NPS rs10830123 showed epistasis with NPSR1 rs324981 encoding Asn(107)Ile (p = 0.009) in BAMSE and with the linked NPSR1 rs17199659 (p = 0.005) in the German MAGIC/ISAAC II cohort (1454 children). In conclusion, NPS variants modify asthma risk and should be considered in genetic association studies of NPSR1 with asthma and other complex diseases.
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Thompson MD, Capra V, Clunes MT, Rovati GE, Stankova J, Maj MC, Duffy DL. Cysteinyl Leukotrienes Pathway Genes, Atopic Asthma and Drug Response: From Population Isolates to Large Genome-Wide Association Studies. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:299. [PMID: 27990118 PMCID: PMC5131607 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants associated with asthma pathogenesis and altered response to drug therapy are discussed. Many studies implicate polymorphisms in genes encoding the enzymes responsible for leukotriene synthesis and intracellular signaling through activation of seven transmembrane domain receptors, such as the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CYSLTR1) and 2 (CYSLTR2) receptors. The leukotrienes are polyunsaturated lipoxygenated eicosatetraenoic acids that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological and physiological actions. Of the three enzymes involved in the formation of the leukotrienes, arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase 5 (ALOX5), leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), and leukotriene hydrolase (LTA4H) are all polymorphic. These polymorphisms often result in variable production of the CysLTs (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) and LTB4. Variable number tandem repeat sequences located in the Sp1-binding motif within the promotor region of the ALOX5 gene are associated with leukotriene burden and bronchoconstriction independent of asthma risk. A 444A > C SNP polymorphism in the LTC4S gene, encoding an enzyme required for the formation of a glutathione adduct at the C-6 position of the arachidonic acid backbone, is associated with severe asthma and altered response to the CYSLTR1 receptor antagonist zafirlukast. Genetic variability in the CysLT pathway may contribute additively or synergistically to altered drug responses. The 601 A > G variant of the CYSLTR2 gene, encoding the Met201Val CYSLTR2 receptor variant, is associated with atopic asthma in the general European population, where it is present at a frequency of ∼2.6%. The variant was originally found in the founder population of Tristan da Cunha, a remote island in the South Atlantic, in which the prevalence of atopy is approximately 45% and the prevalence of asthma is 36%. In vitro work showed that the atopy-associated Met201Val variant was inactivating with respect to ligand binding, Ca2+ flux and inositol phosphate generation. In addition, the CYSLTR1 gene, located at Xq13-21.1, has been associated with atopic asthma. The activating Gly300Ser CYSLTR1 variant is discussed. In addition to genetic loci, risk for asthma may be influenced by environmental factors such as smoking. The contribution of CysLT pathway gene sequence variants to atopic asthma is discussed in the context of other genes and environmental influences known to influence asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Valerie Capra
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Mark T Clunes
- Department of Physiology/Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Saint George's University Saint George's, Grenada
| | - G E Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Jana Stankova
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC, Canada
| | - Mary C Maj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Saint George's University Saint George's, Grenada
| | - David L Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston QLD, Australia
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11
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Moheimani F, Hsu ACY, Reid AT, Williams T, Kicic A, Stick SM, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB, Knight DA. The genetic and epigenetic landscapes of the epithelium in asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:119. [PMID: 27658857 PMCID: PMC5034566 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. The airway epithelium is the initial barrier against inhaled noxious agents or aeroallergens. In asthma, the airway epithelium suffers from structural and functional abnormalities and as such, is more susceptible to normally innocuous environmental stimuli. The epithelial structural and functional impairments are now recognised as a significant contributing factor to asthma pathogenesis. Both genetic and environmental risk factors play important roles in the development of asthma with an increasing number of genes associated with asthma susceptibility being expressed in airway epithelium. Epigenetic factors that regulate airway epithelial structure and function are also an attractive area for assessment of susceptibility to asthma. In this review we provide a comprehensive discussion on genetic factors; from using linkage designs and candidate gene association studies to genome-wide association studies and whole genome sequencing, and epigenetic factors; DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), in airway epithelial cells that are functionally associated with asthma pathogenesis. Our aims were to introduce potential predictors or therapeutic targets for asthma in airway epithelium. Overall, we found very small overlap in asthma susceptibility genes identified with different technologies. Some potential biomarkers are IRAKM, PCDH1, ORMDL3/GSDMB, IL-33, CDHR3 and CST1 in airway epithelial cells. Recent studies on epigenetic regulatory factors have further provided novel insights to the field, particularly their effect on regulation of some of the asthma susceptibility genes (e.g. methylation of ADAM33). Among the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, microRNA networks have been shown to regulate a major portion of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Particularly, miR-19a may have some therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teresa Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Liao Y, Lu B, Ma Q, Wu G, Lai X, Zang J, Shi Y, Liu D, Han F, Zhou N. Human Neuropeptide S Receptor Is Activated via a Gαq Protein-biased Signaling Cascade by a Human Neuropeptide S Analog Lacking the C-terminal 10 Residues. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7505-16. [PMID: 26865629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuropeptide S (NPS) and its cognate receptor regulate important biological functions in the brain and have emerged as a future therapeutic target for treatment of a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The human NPS (hNPS) receptor has been shown to dually couple to Gαs- and Gαq-dependent signaling pathways. The human NPS analog hNPS-(1-10), lacking 10 residues from the C terminus, has been shown to stimulate Ca(2+)mobilization in a manner comparable with full-length hNPSin vitrobut seems to fail to induce biological activityin vivo Here, results derived from a number of cell-based functional assays, including intracellular cAMP-response element (CRE)-driven luciferase activity, Ca(2+)mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, show that hNPS-(1-10) preferentially activates Gαq-dependent Ca(2+)mobilization while exhibiting less activity in triggering Gαs-dependent CRE-driven luciferase activity. We further demonstrate that both Gαq- and Gαs-coupled signaling pathways contribute to full-length hNPS-mediated activation of ERK1/2, whereas hNPS-(1-10)-promoted ERK1/2 activation is completely inhibited by the Gαqinhibitor UBO-QIC but not by the PKA inhibitor H89. Moreover, the results of Ala-scanning mutagenesis of hNPS-(1-13) indicated that residues Lys(11)and Lys(12)are structurally crucial for the hNPS receptor to couple to Gαs-dependent signaling. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that hNPS-(1-10) is a biased agonist favoring Gαq-dependent signaling. It may represent a valuable chemical probe for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of human NPS receptor-directed signalingin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liao
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Bin Lu
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Qiang Ma
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Gang Wu
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China and
| | - Xiangru Lai
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Jiashu Zang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Ying Shi
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Han
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China and
| | - Naiming Zhou
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, and
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13
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Wan Saudi WS, Halim MA, Rudholm-Feldreich T, Gillberg L, Rosenqvist E, Tengholm A, Sundbom M, Karlbom U, Näslund E, Webb DL, Sjöblom M, Hellström PM. Neuropeptide S inhibits gastrointestinal motility and increases mucosal permeability through nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26206857 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) receptor (NPSR1) polymorphisms are associated with enteral dysmotility and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the role of NPS in conjunction with nitrergic mechanisms in the regulation of intestinal motility and mucosal permeability. In rats, small intestinal myoelectric activity and luminal pressure changes in small intestine and colon, along with duodenal permeability, were studied. In human intestine, NPS and NPSR1 were localized by immunostaining. Pre- and postprandial plasma NPS was measured by ELISA in healthy and active IBD humans. Effects and mechanisms of NPS were studied in human intestinal muscle strips. In rats, NPS 100-4,000 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1) had effects on the small intestine and colon. Low doses of NPS increased myoelectric spiking (P < 0.05). Higher doses reduced spiking and prolonged the cycle length of the migrating myoelectric complex, reduced intraluminal pressures (P < 0.05-0.01), and increased permeability (P < 0.01) through NO-dependent mechanisms. In human intestine, NPS localized at myenteric nerve cell bodies and fibers. NPSR1 was confined to nerve cell bodies. Circulating NPS in humans was tenfold below the ∼0.3 nmol/l dissociation constant (Kd) of NPSR1, with no difference between healthy and IBD subjects. In human intestinal muscle strips precontracted by bethanechol, NPS 1-1,000 nmol/l induced NO-dependent muscle relaxation (P < 0.05) that was sensitive also to tetrodotoxin (P < 0.01). In conclusion, NPS inhibits motility and increases permeability in neurocrine fashion acting through NO in the myenteric plexus in rats and humans. Aberrant signaling and upregulation of NPSR1 could potentially exacerbate dysmotility and hyperpermeability by local mechanisms in gastrointestinal functional and inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Salman Wan Saudi
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Md Abdul Halim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Rudholm-Feldreich
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Gillberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evelina Rosenqvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Urban Karlbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
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14
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Exploring the role of neuropeptide S in the regulation of arousal: a functional anatomical study. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3521-46. [PMID: 26462664 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a regulatory peptide expressed by limited number of neurons in the brainstem. The simultaneous anxiolytic and arousal-promoting effect of NPS suggests an involvement in mood control and vigilance, making the NPS-NPS receptor system an interesting potential drug target. Here we examined, in detail, the distribution of NPS-immunoreactive (IR) fiber arborizations in brain regions of rat known to be involved in the regulation of sleep and arousal. Such nerve terminals were frequently apposed to GABAergic/galaninergic neurons in the ventro-lateral preoptic area (VLPO) and to tyrosine hydroxylase-IR neurons in all hypothalamic/thalamic dopamine cell groups. Then we applied the single platform-on-water (mainly REM) sleep deprivation method to study the functional role of NPS in the regulation of arousal. Of the three pontine NPS cell clusters, the NPS transcript levels were increased only in the peri-coerulear group in sleep-deprived animals, but not in stress controls. The density of NPS-IR fibers was significantly decreased in the median preoptic nucleus-VLPO region after the sleep deprivation, while radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry measurements showed a parallel increase of NPS in the anterior hypothalamus. The expression of the NPS receptor was, however, not altered in the VLPO-region. The present results suggest a selective activation of one of the three NPS-expressing neuron clusters as well as release of NPS in distinct forebrain regions after sleep deprivation. Taken together, our results emphasize a role of the peri-coerulear cluster in the modulation of arousal, and the importance of preoptic area for the action of NPS on arousal and sleep.
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15
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Adori C, Barde S, Bogdanovic N, Uhlén M, Reinscheid RR, Kovacs GG, Hökfelt T. Neuropeptide S- and Neuropeptide S receptor-expressing neuron populations in the human pons. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:126. [PMID: 26441556 PMCID: PMC4585187 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a regulatory peptide with potent pharmacological effects. In rodents, NPS is expressed in a few pontine cell clusters. Its receptor (NPSR1) is, however, widely distributed in the brain. The anxiolytic and arousal-promoting effects of NPS make the NPS–NPSR1 system an interesting potential drug target in mood-related disorders. However, so far possible disease-related mechanisms involving NPS have only been studied in rodents. To validate the relevance of these animal studies for i.a. drug development, we have explored the distribution of NPS-expressing neurons in the human pons using in situ hybridization and stereological methods and we compared the distribution of NPS mRNA expressing neurons in the human and rat brain. The calculation revealed a total number of 22,317 ± 2411 NPS mRNA-positive neurons in human, bilaterally. The majority of cells (84%) were located in the parabrachial area in human: in the extension of the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei, in the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus and around the adjacent lateral lemniscus. In human, in sharp contrast to the rodents, only very few NPS-positive cells (5%) were found close to the locus coeruleus. In addition, we identified a smaller cell cluster (11% of all NPS cells) in the pontine central gray matter both in human and rat, which has not been described previously even in rodents. We also examined the distribution of NPSR1 mRNA-expressing neurons in the human pons. These cells were mainly located in the rostral laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the cuneiform nucleus, the microcellular tegmental nucleus region and in the periaqueductal gray. Our results show that both NPS and NPSR1 in the human pons are preferentially localized in regions of importance for integration of visceral autonomic information and emotional behavior. The reported interspecies differences must, however, be considered when looking for targets for new pharmacotherapeutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Adori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Geriatric Department, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Science for Life Laboratory, Albanova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer R Reinscheid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Thompson MD, Hendy GN, Percy ME, Bichet DG, Cole DEC. G protein-coupled receptor mutations and human genetic disease. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1175:153-87. [PMID: 25150870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in G protein-coupled receptor genes (GPCRs) disrupt GPCR function in a wide variety of human genetic diseases. In vitro strategies and animal models have been used to identify the molecular pathologies underlying naturally occurring GPCR mutations. Inactive, overactive, or constitutively active receptors have been identified that result in pathology. These receptor variants may alter ligand binding, G protein coupling, receptor desensitization and receptor recycling. Receptor systems discussed include rhodopsin, thyrotropin, parathyroid hormone, melanocortin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRHR), adrenocorticotropic hormone, vasopressin, endothelin-β, purinergic, and the G protein associated with asthma (GPRA or neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1)). The role of activating and inactivating calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutations is discussed in detail with respect to familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) and autosomal dominant hypocalemia (ADH). The CASR mutations have been associated with epilepsy. Diseases caused by the genetic disruption of GPCR functions are discussed in the context of their potential to be selectively targeted by drugs that rescue altered receptors. Examples of drugs developed as a result of targeting GPCRs mutated in disease include: calcimimetics and calcilytics, therapeutics targeting melanocortin receptors in obesity, interventions that alter GNRHR loss from the cell surface in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and novel drugs that might rescue the P2RY12 receptor congenital bleeding phenotype. De-orphanization projects have identified novel disease-associated receptors, such as NPSR1 and GPR35. The identification of variants in these receptors provides genetic reagents useful in drug screens. Discussion of the variety of GPCRs that are disrupted in monogenic Mendelian disorders provides the basis for examining the significance of common pharmacogenetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8,
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17
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Pulkkinen V, Ezer S, Sundman L, Hagström J, Remes S, Söderhäll C, Greco D, Dario G, Haglund C, Kere J, Arola J. Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) activates cancer-related pathways and is widely expressed in neuroendocrine tumors. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:173-83. [PMID: 24915894 PMCID: PMC4116602 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from disseminated neuroendocrine cells and express general and specific neuroendocrine markers. Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) is expressed in neuroendocrine cells and its ligand neuropeptide S (NPS) affects cell proliferation. Our aim was to study whether NPS/NPSR1 could be used as a biomarker for neuroendocrine neoplasms and to identify the gene pathways affected by NPS/NPSR1. We collected a cohort of NETs comprised of 91 samples from endocrine glands, digestive tract, skin, and lung. Tumor type was validated by immunostaining of chromogranin-A and synaptophysin expression and tumor grade was analyzed by Ki-67 proliferation index. NPS and NPSR1 expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against NPS and monoclonal antibodies against the amino-terminus and carboxy-terminus of NPSR1 isoform A (NPSR1-A). The effects of NPS on downstream signaling were studied in a human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line which overexpresses NPSR1-A and is of neuroendocrine origin. NPSR1 and NPS were expressed in most NET tissues, with the exception of adrenal pheochromocytomas in which NPS/NPSR1 immunoreactivity was very low. Transcriptome analysis of NPSR1-A overexpressing cells revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, circadian activity, focal adhesion, transforming growth factor beta, and cytokine-cytokine interactions were the most altered gene pathways after NPS stimulation. Our results show that NETs are a source of NPS and NPSR1, and that NPS affects cancer-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pulkkinen
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Thompson MD, Cole DEC, Capra V, Siminovitch KA, Rovati GE, Burnham WM, Rana BK. Pharmacogenetics of the G protein-coupled receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:189-242. [PMID: 25150871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics investigates the influence of genetic variants on physiological phenotypes related to drug response and disease, while pharmacogenomics takes a genome-wide approach to advancing this knowledge. Both play an important role in identifying responders and nonresponders to medication, avoiding adverse drug reactions, and optimizing drug dose for the individual. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the primary target of therapeutic drugs and have been the focus of these studies. With the advance of genomic technologies, there has been a substantial increase in the inventory of naturally occurring rare and common GPCR variants. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion or deletions that have potential to alter GPCR expression of function. In vivo and in vitro studies have determined functional roles for many GPCR variants, but genetic association studies that define the physiological impact of the majority of these common variants are still limited. Despite the breadth of pharmacogenetic data available, GPCR variants have not been included in drug labeling and are only occasionally considered in optimizing clinical use of GPCR-targeted agents. In this chapter, pharmacogenetic and genomic studies on GPCR variants are reviewed with respect to a subset of GPCR systems, including the adrenergic, calcium sensing, cysteinyl leukotriene, cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, and the de-orphanized receptors such as GPR55. The nature of the disruption to receptor function is discussed with respect to regulation of gene expression, expression on the cell surface (affected by receptor trafficking, dimerization, desensitization/downregulation), or perturbation of receptor function (altered ligand binding, G protein coupling, constitutive activity). The large body of experimental data generated on structure and function relationships and receptor-ligand interactions are being harnessed for the in silico functional prediction of naturally occurring GPCR variants. We provide information on online resources dedicated to GPCRs and present applications of publically available computational tools for pharmacogenetic studies of GPCRs. As the breadth of GPCR pharmacogenomic data becomes clearer, the opportunity for routine assessment of GPCR variants to predict disease risk, drug response, and potential adverse drug effects will become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8,
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Ilmarinen P, James A, Moilanen E, Pulkkinen V, Daham K, Saarelainen S, Laitinen T, Dahlén SE, Kere J, Dahlén B, Kankaanranta H. Enhanced expression of neuropeptide S (NPS) receptor in eosinophils from severe asthmatics and subjects with total IgE above 100IU/ml. Peptides 2014; 51:100-9. [PMID: 24239856 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are inflammatory cells of particular relevance to asthma exacerbations. Neuropeptide S (NPS) receptor was identified in a search for asthma susceptibility genes, where the risk haplotypes of the NPS receptor gene associated with total serum IgE above 100IU/ml and asthma. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare expression of NPS receptor in human peripheral blood eosinophils derived from subjects with total serum IgE above and below 100IU/ml and patients with different phenotypes of asthma. Additionally, we aimed to study the function of NPS receptor in human eosinophils. We found higher NPS receptor protein expression in eosinophils derived from subjects with high IgE when compared to those from subjects with low IgE and the level of NPS receptor positively correlated with serum IgE. NPS receptor expression was also higher in eosinophils from patients with severe asthma than in cells from mild asthmatics or healthy controls. The receptor agonist NPS was a chemotactic agent for eosinophils. NPS also increased N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated CD11b integrin levels in eosinophils from subjects with high IgE. Furthermore, eosinophils from those subjects exhibited Ca(2+) mobilization but not cAMP rise in response to NPS. Altogether, NPS receptor may have a pathological role in individuals with severe asthma and/or elevated serum IgE levels as eosinophils from these patients express higher levels of NPS receptor protein and respond to NPS by enhanced migration and adhesion molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anna James
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, The National Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ville Pulkkinen
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kameran Daham
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Lung and Allergy Research, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Seppo Saarelainen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tarja Laitinen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, The National Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Juha Kere
- Research Programs Unit, Program for Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Barbro Dahlén
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Lung and Allergy Research, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Filaferro M, Novi C, Ruggieri V, Genedani S, Alboni S, Malagoli D, Caló G, Guerrini R, Vitale G. Neuropeptide S stimulates human monocyte chemotaxis via NPS receptor activation. Peptides 2013; 39:16-20. [PMID: 23142110 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) produces several biological actions by activating a formerly orphan GPCR, now named NPS receptor (NPSR). It has been previously demonstrated that NPS stimulates murine leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro. In the present study we investigated the ability of NPS, in comparison with the proinflammatory peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), to stimulate human monocyte chemotaxis. At a concentration of 10(-8)M fMLP significantly stimulated chemotaxis. NPS produced a concentration dependent chemotactic action over the concentration range 10(-12) to 10(-5)M. The NPSR antagonists [D-Cys((t)Bu)(5)]NPS, [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS and SHA 68 were used to pharmacologically characterize NPS action. Monocyte chemoattractant effect of NPS, but not fMLP, was completely blocked by either peptide antagonists or SHA with the nonpeptide molecule being more potent. None of the NPSR antagonists modified per se random cell migration. Thus, the present study demonstrated that NPS is able to stimulate human monocyte chemotaxis and that this effect is entirely due to selective NPSR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filaferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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