1
|
Thompson D, Lawrentschuk N, Bolton D. New Approaches to Targeting Epigenetic Regulation in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061856. [PMID: 36980741 PMCID: PMC10046617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a growing field and in bladder cancer, it is of particular interest in advanced or metastatic disease. As opposed to genetic mutations in which the nucleotide sequence itself is altered, epigenetic alterations refer to changes to the genome that do not involve nucleotides. This is of great interest in cancer research because epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them a promising target for pharmacological agents. While chemoimmunotherapy is the mainstay for metastatic disease, there are few alternatives for patients who have progressed on first- or second-line treatment. By targeting reversible epigenetic alterations, novel epigenetic therapies are important potential treatment options for these patients. A search of clinical registries was performed in order to identify and collate epigenetic therapies currently in human trials. A literature search was also performed to identify therapies that are currently in preclinical stages, whether this be in vivo or in vitro models. Twenty-five clinical trials were identified that investigated the use of epigenetic inhibitors in patients with bladder cancer, often in combination with another agent, such as platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab. The main classes of epigenetic inhibitors studied include DNA-methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors. At present, no phase 3 clinical trials have been registered. Few trials have published results, though DNMT inhibitors have shown the most promise thus far. Many patients with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer have limited treatment options, particularly when first- or second-line chemoimmunotherapy fails. Epigenetic alterations, which are common in bladder cancer, are potential targets for drug therapies, and these epigenetic agents are already in use for many cancers. While they have shown promise in pre-clinical trials for bladder cancer, more research is needed to assess their benefit in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
- EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VC 3121, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biondo-Simões MDELP, Dall'antonia MO, Goehr MP, Biondo-Simões R, Ioshii SO, Robes RR. Valproic acid and bladder healing: an experimental study in rats. Rev Col Bras Cir 2022; 49:e20223399. [PMID: 36449944 PMCID: PMC10578821 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223399-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to recognize the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an epigenetic drug, on the bladder healing process, in rats. METHOD twenty male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: experimental (A), treated with VPA (150mg/Kg/day), and control (B) with 0.9% sodium chloridrate. Healing was analyzed on the third and seventh days, evaluating the inflammatory reaction, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. RESULTS inflammatory reaction on the third day was minimal and acute in both groups. On the seventh day, it was subacute in both groups, moderate intensity in group A and minimal in group B (p=0.0476). Collagen III intensity, marked by immunohistochemistry, was similar in both groups. Collagen I intensity on the third day was similar in both groups, but on the seventh day it was higher in experimental than control (p=0.0476). Collagen evaluation by picrosiriusred allowed to verify that the presence of collagen III was similar in both groups (p=0.3312) on the third day, and it was higher in control on the seventh day (p=0.0015). Collagen I showed similarity on the third day (p=0.3100), and it was higher in control on the seventh day (p=0.0015). Vessel marked with anti-SMA counting showed fewer vessels on the third (p=0.0034) and seventh day (p=0.0087) in experimental group. The lower intensity of angiogenesis was confirmed with anti-CD34, on the third day (p=0,0006) and on the seventh day (p=0,0072). CONCLUSION VPA determined alterations in the bladder healing process, in rats, with lower collagen density and less angiogenic activity, but without compromising the integrity of the organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Prince Goehr
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rachel Biondo-Simões
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Clínica Cirúrgica - Departamento de Cirurgia - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Sérgio Ossamu Ioshii
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia da UFPR - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| | - Rogério Ribeiro Robes
- - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Técnica Cirúrgica e Cirurgia Experimental - Curitiba - PR - Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anti-proliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Valproic Acid on HeLa Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Valproic acid (VPA), a branched short-chain fatty acid and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has diverse biological activities in human cells, including anti-cancer properties. Objectives: In the present study, we tested the cytotoxicity of VPA on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Methods: HeLa cell line was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) and the cytotoxicity effect of VPA (at 0 - 100 mM) on the HeLa cell was evaluated, using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 3 incubation times (24, 48, and 72 h). The effects of VPA on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated, using flow cytometry. In addition, the alterations in the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, p53, and p21 were assessed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Valproic acid reduced the viability of HeLa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the IC50 values at 24, 48, and 72 h were 32.06, 21.29, and 14.51 mM, respectively. Further, VPA treatment remarkably increased the apoptosis of HeLa cells and arrested cells at the sub-G1 phase with a significant reduction in G2-M phase populations. The real-time PCR results demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including Bax, p53, and p21, as well as a reduction in the levels of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2. Conclusions: Valproic acid inhibits the proliferation of the HeLa cell line through the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a p35-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
4
|
BIONDO-SIMÕES MARIADELOURDESPESSOLE, DALL’ANTONIA MOACIROLIVEIRA, GOEHR MATHEUSPRINCE, BIONDO-SIMÕES RACHEL, IOSHII SÉRGIOOSSAMU, ROBES ROGÉRIORIBEIRO. Ácido valpróico e cicatrização em bexiga: estudo experimental em ratos. Rev Col Bras Cir 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: reconhecer os efeitos do ácido valpróico (VPA), uma droga epigenética, no processo de cicatrização da bexiga, em ratos. Método: vinte ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental (A), utilizando VPA (150mg/Kg/dia), e controle (B), tratados com cloreto de sódio 0,9% por gavagem. A cicatrização da bexiga foi analisada no terceiro e sétimo dia, estudando-se a reação inflamatória, síntese de colágeno, reepitelização e angiogênese. Resultados: a reação inflamatória no terceiro dia foi mínima e aguda em ambos os grupos. No sétimo dia, foi subaguda em ambos os grupos com intensidade moderada no grupo A e mínima no grupo B (p=0,0476). A intensidade do colágeno III, marcada pela imuno-histoquímica, foi semelhante nos dois grupos, nos dois tempos estudados. A intensidade de colágeno I no terceiro dia foi semelhante nos dois grupos, e maior no sétimo dia no grupo experimental (p=0,0476). A avaliação do colágeno pelo picrosiriusred mostrou que a presença de colágeno III foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (p=0,3312) no terceiro dia, e maior no controle no sétimo dia (p=0,0015). O colágeno I foi semelhante no terceiro dia (p=0,3100), e maior no controle no sétimo dia (p=0,0015). A contagem de vasos marcados pelo anti-SMA mostrou menos vasos no terceiro (p=0,0034) e sétimo dia (p=0,0087) no grupo experimental, confirmado pelo anti-CD34, no terceiro (p=00006) e no sétimo dia (p=0,0072). Conclusão: o VPA determinou alterações no processo de cicatrização da bexiga, em ratos, com menor densidade de colágeno e menor atividade angiogênica, mas sem comprometer a integridade do órgão.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu L, Zuo N, Pan S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Ma J. miR-1246 promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression by interacting with THBS1. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2022; 41:65-75. [DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Avallone A, Piccirillo MC, Di Gennaro E, Romano C, Calabrese F, Roca MS, Tatangelo F, Granata V, Cassata A, Cavalcanti E, Maurea N, Maiolino P, Silvestro L, De Stefano A, Giuliani F, Rosati G, Tamburini E, Aprea P, Vicario V, Nappi A, Vitagliano C, Casaretti R, Leone A, Petrillo A, Botti G, Delrio P, Izzo F, Perrone F, Budillon A. Randomized phase II study of valproic acid in combination with bevacizumab and oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens in patients with RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: the REVOLUTION study protocol. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920929589. [PMID: 32849914 PMCID: PMC7425244 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920929589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite effective treatments, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) prognosis is still poor, mostly in RAS-mutated tumors, thus suggesting the need for novel combinatorial therapies. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in initiation and progression of cancers, including CRC. Histone-deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown activity in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Owing to its HDACi activity and its safe use for epileptic disorders, valproic acid (VPA) is a good candidate for anticancer therapy that we have largely explored preclinically translating our findings in currently ongoing clinical studies. We have shown in CRC models that HDACi, including VPA, induces synergistic antitumor effects in combination with fluoropyrimidines. Furthermore, unpublished results from our group demonstrated that VPA induces differentiation and sensitization of CRC stem cells to oxaliplatin. Moreover, preclinical and clinical data suggest that HDACi may prevent/reverse anti-angiogenic resistance. Methods/Design A randomized, open-label, two-arm, multicenter phase-II study will be performed to explore whether the addition of VPA to first line bevacizumab/oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens (mFOLFOX-6/mOXXEL) might improve progression-free survival (PFS) in RAS-mutated mCRC patients. A sample size of 200 patients was calculated under the hypothesis that the addition of VPA to chemotherapy/bevacizumab can improve PFS from 9 to 12 months, with one-sided alpha of 0.20 and a power of 0.80. Secondary endpoints are overall survival, objective response rate, metastases resection rate, toxicity, and quality of life. Moreover, the study will explore several prognostic and predictive biomarkers on blood samples, primary tumors, and on resected metastases. Discussion The "Revolution" study aims to improve the treatment efficacy of RAS-mutated mCRC through an attractive strategy evaluating the combination of VPA with standard cancer treatment. Correlative studies could identify novel biomarkers and could add new insight in the mechanism of interaction between VPA, fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab. Trial Registration EudraCT: 2018-001414-15; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04310176.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Filomena Calabrese
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Cassata
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Cardiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Rosati
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Emiliano Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Cure Palliative, Azienda Ospedaliera Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase-Lecce, Italy
| | - Pasquale Aprea
- Vascular Access Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Vicario
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Nappi
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossana Casaretti
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Oncological Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Perrone
- Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Li W. Beta-adrenergic signaling on neuroendocrine differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis in prostate cancer progression. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:253-259. [PMID: 29848834 PMCID: PMC6498733 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_32_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease that mainly affects the older male population with a high-mortality rate. The mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression are still incompletely understood. Beta-adrenergic signaling has been shown to regulate multiple cellular processes as a mediator of chronic stress. Recently, beta-adrenergic signaling has been reported to affect the development of aggressive prostate cancer by regulating neuroendocrine differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here, we briefly summarize and discuss recent advances in these areas and their implications in prostate cancer therapeutics. We aim to provide a better understanding of the contribution of beta-adrenergic signaling to the progression of aggressive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Memorial Herman Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Memorial Herman Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lobo J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Targeting the Immune system and Epigenetic Landscape of Urological Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030829. [PMID: 32012885 PMCID: PMC7037817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, we have witnessed remarkable advances in targeted therapies for cancer patients. There is a growing effort to either replace or reduce the dose of unspecific, systemic (chemo)therapies, given the associated short- and long-term side effects, by introducing more specific targeted therapies as single or combination agents. Due to the well-known implications of the immune system and epigenetic landscape in modulating cancer development, both have been explored as potential targets in several malignancies, including those affecting the genitourinary tract. As the immune system function is also epigenetically regulated, there is rationale for combining both strategies. However, this is still rather underexplored, namely in urological tumors. We aim to briefly review the use of immune therapies in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testicular cancer, and further describe studies providing supporting evidence on their combination with epigenetic-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kittel-Schneider S, Hahn T, Haenisch F, McNeill R, Reif A, Bahn S. Proteomic Profiling as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Discriminating Between Bipolar and Unipolar Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 32372978 PMCID: PMC7184109 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Affective disorders are a major global burden, with approximately 15% of people worldwide suffering from some form of affective disorder. In patients experiencing their first depressive episode, in most cases it cannot be distinguished whether this is due to bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). Valid fluid biomarkers able to discriminate between the two disorders in a clinical setting are not yet available. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy depressed patients suffering from BD (bipolar I and II subtypes) and 42 patients with major MDD were recruited and blood samples were taken for proteomic analyses after 8 h fasting. Proteomic profiles were analyzed using the Multiplex Immunoassay platform from Myriad Rules Based Medicine (Myriad RBM; Austin, Texas, USA). Human DiscoveryMAPTM was used to measure the concentration of various proteins, peptides, and small molecules. A multivariate predictive model was consequently constructed to differentiate between BD and MDD. RESULTS Based on the various proteomic profiles, the algorithm could discriminate depressed BD patients from MDD patients with an accuracy of 67%. DISCUSSION The results of this preliminary study suggest that future discrimination between bipolar and unipolar depression in a single case could be possible, using predictive biomarker models based on blood proteomic profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frieder Haenisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061291. [PMID: 30875794 PMCID: PMC6471041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy, being characterized by substantial patient mortality and management cost. Its high somatic-mutation frequency and molecular heterogeneity usually renders tumors refractory to the applied regimens. Hitherto, methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin represent the backbone of systemic chemotherapy. However, despite the initial chemosensitivity, the majority of treated patients will eventually develop chemoresistance, which severely reduces their survival expectancy. Since chromatin regulation genes are more frequently mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as compared to other epithelial tumors, targeted therapies against chromatin aberrations in chemoresistant clones may prove beneficial for the disease. “Acetyl-chromatin” homeostasis is regulated by the opposing functions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The HDAC/SIRT (super-)family contains 18 members, which are divided in five classes, with each family member being differentially expressed in normal urinary bladder tissues. Since a strong association between irregular HDAC expression/activity and tumorigenesis has been previously demonstrated, we herein attempt to review the accumulated published evidences that implicate HDACs/SIRTs as critical regulators in urothelial bladder cancer. Moreover, the most extensively investigated HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are also analyzed, and the respective clinical trials are also described. Interestingly, it seems that HDACis should be preferably used in drug-combination therapeutic schemes, including radiation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng J, Cen J, Li J, Zhao R, Zhu C, Wang Z, Xie J, Tang W. Histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) promotes the epithelial mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells via up regulation of Snail. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 9:495-501. [PMID: 26632346 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been shown to have antiproliferative activity through cell-cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Our present study revealed that one HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), can obviously promote in vitro motility of HCT-116 and SW480 cells. VPA treatment significantly down regulates the expression of epithelial markers E-Cadherin (E-Cad) and Zona occludin-1(ZO-1) while up regulates the mesenchymal markers Vimentin (Vim) and N-cadherin (N-Cad), suggesting that VPA can trigger the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. VPA treatment significantly increases the expression and nuclear localization of Snail, the key transcription factors of EMT. Snail knockdown by siRNAs obviously reverses VPA induced EMT of HCT-116 and SW480 cells. Further, VPA can decrease the ubiquitination, increase the acetylation, and then elevate the stabilization of Snail. VPA also increases the phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3β. The inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, LY2994002, significantly attenuates VPA induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and up regulation of Snail and Vim. Collectively, our data reveal that VPA can trigger the EMT of CRC cells via up regulation of Snail through AKT/GSK-3β signals and post-transcriptional modification. It suggests that more attention should be paid when VPA used as a new anticancer drug for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutao Feng
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Junhua Cen
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Jun Li
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Rujin Zhao
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Canhua Zhu
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Zongxin Wang
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiafen Xie
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Tang
- a Hepatobiliary Surgery Department ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beta-adrenergic signaling promotes tumor angiogenesis and prostate cancer progression through HDAC2-mediated suppression of thrombospondin-1. Oncogene 2016; 36:1525-1536. [PMID: 27641328 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic behavioral stress and beta-adrenergic signaling have been shown to promote cancer progression, whose underlying mechanisms are largely unclear, especially the involvement of epigenetic regulation. Histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2), an epigenetic regulator, is critical for stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy. It is unknown whether it is necessary for beta-adrenergic signaling-promoted cancer progression. Using xenograft models, we showed that chronic behavioral stress and beta-adrenergic signaling promote angiogenesis and prostate cancer progression. HDAC2 was induced by beta-adrenergic signaling in vitro and in mouse xenografts. We next uncovered that HDAC2 is a direct target of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) that is activated by beta-adrenergic signaling. Notably, HDAC2 is necessary for beta-adrenergic signaling to induce angiogenesis. We further demonstrated that, upon CREB activation, HDAC2 represses thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, through epigenetic regulation. Together, these data establish a novel pathway that HDAC2 and TSP1 act downstream of CREB activation in beta-adrenergic signaling to promote cancer progression.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Y, You W, Zheng J, Chi Y, Tang W, Du R. Valproic acid inhibits the angiogenic potential of cervical cancer cells via HIF-1α/VEGF signals. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 18:1123-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
14
|
Dodurga Y, Gundogdu G, Tekin V, Koc T, Satiroglu-Tufan NL, Bagci G, Kucukatay V. Valproic acid inhibits the proliferation of SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cancer cells by downregulating URG4/URGCP and CCND1 gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4595-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
15
|
Jafary H, Ahmadian S, Soleimani M. Synergistic anticancer activity of valproate combined with nicotinamide enhances anti-proliferation response and apoptosis in MIAPaca2 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3801-12. [PMID: 24595447 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase is strongly associated with epigenetic regulation and carcinogenesis, and its inhibitors can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of the cancer cells. In this study we aimed to examine the antiproliferative effects a combination of the valproate with nicotinamide in MIAPaca2 cell line. We revealed that valproate acted in a synergistic/additive with nicotinamide to inhibit the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MIAPaca2 cancer cell line. MIAPaca2 was treated with various concentrations of valproate. The MTT assay and colony formation in soft agar indicated that valproate at 0.5 mM, when used alone weakly, suppressed proliferation of cells (37 ± 3.02%) whereas the combination treatment of valproate + nicotinamide significantly suppressed cell proliferation (58 ± 3.5%). The effect of nicotinamide at 25 mM on cell proliferation and cell colonization induced 50% apoptosis of MIAPaca2 cells. To identify the anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects of valproate and nicotinamide we performed flow cytometric and microscopic analyses. The results indicated significant apoptosis induction and nuclear morphological alterations greater than when valproate was used alone. Furthermore, western blot analyses was performed to study the role of acetyl-histone H3 levels, and quantitative RNA expression analyses were performed on expression of thrombospondin (TSP) and maspin genes in MIAPaca2. We found that the combination treatment of valproate + nicotinamide enhanced the expression of maspin and TSP genes and the biological response of the cell line was correlated with the increase of histone H3 acetylation after nicotinamide and valproate application. Together our findings indicate that valproate which act as inhibitor of cell proliferation and inducer of apoptosis in human cancer MIAPaca2 cells when used in combination with nicotinamide makes it a potentially good candidate for new anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shiva Shankar TV, Willems L. Epigenetic modulators mitigate angiogenesis through a complex transcriptomic network. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 60:57-66. [PMID: 24445350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the knowledge pertaining to the role of epigenetics in the regulation of angiogenesis. In particular, we show that lysine acetylation and cytosine methylation are important transcriptional regulators of angiogenic genes in endothelial cells. Lysine acetylation and cytosine methylation inhibitors idiosyncratically tune the transcriptome and affect expression of key modulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF and eNOS. Transcriptomic profiling also reveals a series of novel genes that are concomitantly affected by epigenetic modulators. The reversibility and overall tolerability of currently available epigenetic inhibitors open up the prospect of therapeutic intervention in pathologies where angiogenesis is exacerbated. This type of multitargeted strategy has the major advantage of overcoming the compensatory feedback mechanisms that characterize single anti-angiogenic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Shiva Shankar
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - L Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jafary H, Ahmadian S, Soleimani M. The enhanced apoptosis and antiproliferative response to combined treatment with valproate and nicotinamide in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2701-10. [PMID: 24213853 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histone is a major player in epigenetic modifications, resulting in open chromatin structures and, hence, permissive conditions for transcription-factor recruitment to the promoters, followed by initiation of transcription. Histone deacetylase inhibitors arrest cancer cell growth and cause apoptosis with low toxicity thereby constituting a promising treatment for cancer. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative effects of valproate with a combination of nicotinamide in the MCF-7 cell line. MCF-7 was treated with various concentrations of valproate. The MTT assay showed that the viability of MCF-7 cells was inhibited and the cell activity was decreased. Viability percent of valproate and nicotinamide combined treatment cells (28 ± 2) was 1.78 times increased compared with the valproate-alone (0.5 mM) treated cells (50 ± 2). Colony formation in soft agar indicated that valproate at 0.3 mM, when used alone, weakly suppressed proliferation of cells (82 ± 3) and the combination treatment of valproate + nicotinamide strongly suppressed cell proliferation (51 ± 3). The flow cytometric and microscopic analyses of HDACI combined with treated cells indicated strong apoptosis induction and nuclear morphological alterations greater than those of valproate alone. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed the efficiency of the HDAC inhibitor combination, revealing the effectively upregulated p16 and p21. Furthermore, to investigate the role of acetyl-histone H3 levels, western blot analyses have been performed and high levels of acetylated histone H3 were detected in valproate- and nicotinamide-treated cells. These results suggest that the combination treatment of valproate with nicotinamide exerts significant antitumor activity and could be a promising therapeutic candidate to treat human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang D, Jing Y, Ouyang S, Liu B, Zhu T, Niu H, Tian Y. Inhibitory effect of valproic acid on bladder cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo.. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1492-1498. [PMID: 24179547 PMCID: PMC3813788 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are a promising class of drugs that act as antiproliferative agents by promoting differentiation and inducing apoptosis. Valproic acid (VPA) is an HDACI that has been widely used as an anti-convulsant and shows promise as a chemotherapeutic drug for a number of tumor cells. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of VPA on the viability of bladder cancer cells and its synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability of human bladder cancer cell lines following treatment with VPA and/or VPA in combination with mitomycin C, cisplatin (DDP) and adriamycin were determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Hoechst staining was used to observe the morphology of the apoptotic cells. Survivin protein and acetylated histone H3 levels were quantified using western blot analysis. The in vivo tumor growth inhibition of VPA was determined in rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced bladder cancer. VPA significantly inhibited the growth of the bladder cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, improved results were achieved for tumor inhibition when VPA was combined with chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Survivin expression decreased and acetylated histone H3 expression increased in the bladder cancer cells following the treatment with VPA. Intravesical injections of VPA were able to inhibit tumor progression when combined with DDP. In conclusion, VPA acts as an HDACI that has a direct anticancer effect and markedly enhances the action of several chemotherapy agents. VPA may sensitize bladder cancer to anticancer drugs by downregulating survivin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degui Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thrombospondin-1 in urological cancer: pathological role, clinical significance, and therapeutic prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12249-72. [PMID: 23749112 PMCID: PMC3709784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important process for tumor growth and progression of various solid tumors including urological cancers. Thrombospondins (TSPs), especially TSP-1, are representative “anti”-angiogenic molecules and many studies have clarified their pathological role and clinical significance in vivo and in vitro. In fact, TSP-1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in many types of cancers. However, TSP-1 is a multi-functional protein and its biological activities vary according to the specific tumor environments. Consequently, there is no general agreement on its cancer-related function in urological cancers, and detailed information regarding regulative mechanisms is essential for a better understanding of its therapeutic effects and prognostic values. Various “suppressor genes” and “oncogenes” are known to be regulators and TSP-1-related factors under physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, various types of fragments derived from TSP-1 exist in a given tissue microenvironment and TSP-1 derived-peptides have specific activities. However, a detailed pathological function in human cancer tissues is not still understood. This review will focus on the pathological roles and clinical significance of TSP-1 in urological cancers, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, special attention is paid to TSP-1-derived peptide and TSP-1-based therapy for malignancies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kapoor S. Valproic acid and its inhibition of tumor growth in systemic malignancies: beyond gliomas. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:531. [PMID: 23589035 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|