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Laukhtina E, Pradere B, Mori K, Schuettfort VM, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Sari Motlangh R, Katayama S, Grossmann NC, Moschini M, Enikeev D, Shariat SF. Catalog of prognostic tissue-based biomarkers in patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a systematic review. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:180-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ramuta TŽ, Jerman UD, Tratnjek L, Janev A, Magatti M, Vertua E, Bonassi Signoroni P, Silini AR, Parolini O, Kreft ME. The Cells and Extracellular Matrix of Human Amniotic Membrane Hinder the Growth and Invasive Potential of Bladder Urothelial Cancer Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554530. [PMID: 33240862 PMCID: PMC7680964 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers among men in industrialized countries and on the global level incidence and mortality rates are increasing. In spite of progress in surgical treatment and chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is a multi-layered membrane that comprises the innermost part of the placenta. It has unique properties that make it suitable for clinical use, such as the ability to promote wound healing and decrease scarring, low immunogenicity, and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of (i) hAM-derived cells and (ii) hAM scaffolds on the growth dynamics, proliferation rate, and invasive potential of muscle-invasive bladder cancer T24 cells. Our results show that 24 and 48 h of co-culturing T24 cells with hAM-derived cells (at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios) diminished the proliferation rate of T24 cells. Furthermore, when seeded on hAM scaffolds, namely (1) epithelium of hAM (e-hAM), (2) basal lamina of hAM (denuded; d-hAM), and (3) stroma of hAM (s-hAM), the growth dynamic of T24 cells was altered and proliferation was reduced, even more so by the e-hAM scaffolds. Importantly, despite their muscle-invasive potential, the T24 cells did not disrupt the basal lamina of hAM scaffolds. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers N-cadherin, Snail and Slug in T24 cells grown on hAM scaffolds and individual T24 cells even expressed epithelial markers E-cadherin and occludin. Our study brings new knowledge on basic mechanisms of hAM affecting bladder carcinogenesis and the results serve as a good foundation for further research into the potential of hAM-derived cells and the hAM extracellular matrix to serve as a novel bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Dragin Jerman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandar Janev
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zupančič D, Kreft ME, Sterle I, Romih R. Combined lectin- and immuno-histochemistry (CLIH) for applications in cell biology and cancer diagnosis: Analysis of human urothelial carcinomas. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32613817 PMCID: PMC7341074 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectin histochemistry (LHC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), which demonstrate the composition and localisation of sugar residues and proteins in cell membranes, respectively, are generally used separately. Using these two methods, we previously demonstrated that malignant transformation of urothelial cells results in the alterations of protein glycosylation and reduced expression of urothelium-specific integral membrane proteins uroplakins (UPs). However, the correlation between these changes was not studied yet. To evaluate this correlation, we developed innovative method, which we named Combined Lectin- and Immuno-Histochemistry (CLIH). We used human biopsies of 6 normal urothelia and 9 papillary urothelial carcinomas, i.e. 3 papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), 3 non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas of low grade (pTa, l.g.), and 3 invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas of high grade (pT1, h.g.). We tested five different protocols (numbered 1-5) of CLIH on paraffin and cryosemithin sections and compared them with LHC and IHC performed separately. Additionally, we carried out western and lectin blotting with antibodies against UPs and lectins Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA), Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), and jacalin, respectively. We showed that incubation with primary antibodies first, followed by the mixture of secondary antibodies and lectins is the most efficient CLIH method (protocol number 5). Additionally, 300 nm thick cryo-semithin sections enabled better resolution of co-localisation between sugar residues and proteins than 5 mm thick paraffin sections. In the normal urothelium, CLIH showed co-localisation of lectins ACA and jacalin with UPs in the apical plasma membrane (PM) of superficial umbrella cells. In papillary urothelial carcinomas, all three lectins (ACA, DSA and jacalin) labelled regions of apical PM, where they occasionally co-localised with UPs. Western and lectin blotting confirmed the differences between normal urothelium and papillary urothelial carcinomas. Our results show that CLIH, when used with various sets of lectins and antigens, is a useful, quick, and reliable method that could be applied for basic cell biology research as well as detailed subtyping of human urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana.
| | | | - Igor Sterle
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana.
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana.
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Nomura S, Suzuki Y, Akatsuka J, Endo Y, Shimizu A, Hamasaki T, Kimura G, Kondo Y. Expression of epithelial-Mesenchymal transition related markers in Plasmacytoid Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. BMC Urol 2020; 20:72. [PMID: 32571273 PMCID: PMC7309983 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the urinary bladder is a variant of urothelial carcinoma that carries a poor prognosis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression. As the cause of the increased aggressiveness of PUC is unknown, we investigated PUC and EMT-related marker expression. Methods A total of 633 bladder carcinoma cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2015 at the Nippon Medical School Hospital were analyzed. Twelve patients were found to have plasmacytoid histology and diagnosed with PUC. Slides were evaluated for percentage of plasmacytoid variant, and stained for E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Fibronectin and Snail expression. Results The incidence of PUC was 1.9% (12/633). The median patient age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 60–80 years) and the male-female ratio was 11:1. All but three patients had stage T2b or higher. The median overall survival was 10 months. In 10/12 cases, Snail and N-cadherin were positive. Vimentin was positive in 9/12 cases. Fibronectin was positive in 8/12 cases. While E-cadherin was negative in 10/12 cases. Nine cases showed > 10% plasmacytoid component. Eight of the nine patients (88.9%) with > 10% plasmacytoid component died. Conclusions The results indicate that PUC may induce EMT and may be associated with high invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Nomura
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Akatsuka
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hamasaki
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Go Kimura
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kondo
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
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Ilijazi D, Abufaraj M, Hassler MR, Ertl IE, D'Andrea D, Shariat SF. Waiting in the wings: the emerging role of molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 29542328 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1453808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and is, in fact, the most expensive cancer on a per-patient to treat basis. There is a critical need to implement new tests into clinical practice to improve the quality of clinical care, decrease unnecessary invasive therapies and ultimately save costs. Currently, no molecular or genetic biomarker has been widely integrated into daily clinical practice. However, major milestones have been achieved in our understanding of the molecular alterations in BCa that will provide the basis for integrating molecular and genetic biomarkers into clinical decision making to guide management. Clinical implementation of such novel molecular and genetic concepts is the cornerstone in an effort to usher the age of precision medicine into patient care. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the emerging role of molecular biomarkers in patients receiving BCG immunotherapy as well as neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in BCa. Expert commentary: Molecular predictive and prognostic biomarkers in BCa are promising diagnostic options that will pave the way for molecular-based personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Ilijazi
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Department of Special Surgery , Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Melanie R Hassler
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Iris E Ertl
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- a Department of Urology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology , Vienna , Austria.,d Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.,e Department of Urology , Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
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Santi R, Cai T, Nobili S, Galli IC, Amorosi A, Comperat E, Nesi G. Snail immunohistochemical overexpression correlates to recurrence risk in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results from a longitudinal cohort study. Virchows Arch 2018. [PMID: 29525824 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Santi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cai
- Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Amorosi
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eva Comperat
- Academic Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Rashed HE, Hussein S, Mosaad H, Abdelwahab MM, Abdelhamid MI, Mohamed SY, Mohamed AM, Fayed A. Prognostic significance of the genetic and the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-related markers in colon cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 20:107-122. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayam E. Rashed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hala Mosaad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Abdelwahab
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Salem Y. Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdel Motaleb Mohamed
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alaa Fayed
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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In situ localization of tumor cells associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker Snail and the prognostic impact of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment in invasive ductal breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:268-275. [PMID: 28232080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor surgery is aimed at complete resection of the lesion while ensuring a sufficient tumor-specific safety distance. Nevertheless, in many cases the most peripheral part - the invasion front - remains in situ. Tumor cells at the tumor margin have been reported to lose their epithelial properties and acquire features of mesenchymal cells. The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be of prime importance for tissue and vessel invasion. Furthermore, the detection of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the microenvironment of breast cancer might serve as a reliable prognostic marker. METHODS We investigated tissue microarrays of 352 breast cancer patients with regard to the presence and distribution of the EMT factor Snail, and the presence of FoxP3, CD3 and CD8 in the immune microenvironment. RESULTS The expression of the transcription factor Snail is strongly associated with longer disease-free and overall survival. The presence of CD3, CD8 or FoxP3 is associated with a better outcome, although statistically significant results were noted only for FoxP3. The prognostic significance of FoxP3 and Snail were also proven in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Based on previous studies concerning the intratumoral heterogeneity of EMT, our results suggest that Snail and FoxP3 are possible prognostic markers for breast cancer. The diverse presence of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (CD3 and CD8) was confirmed. Although the importance of these markers is known, their specific role in tumor invasion and metastasis as well as their hierarchical organization in these tumors remain unclear.
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Yu Q, Zhou BP, Wu Y. The regulation of snail: on the ubiquitin edge. CANCER CELL & MICROENVIRONMENT 2017; 4:e1567. [PMID: 29147673 PMCID: PMC5685547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for a majority of cancer death. One key feature during metastasis is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is regulated by transcription factors such as Snail and Twist. In non-malignant cells, Snail has a short half-life and is degraded via ubiquitination, but its stability is increased in cancer cell. However, the mechanism by which Snail escapes ubiquitination and degradation remains unknown. Recently, we found that Dub3 is a deubiquinase of Snail. Most importantly, we determined that Dub3 responded to extracellular signals such as IL-6, and that the resultant signaling prevented Snail degradation, and promoted cancer growth, invasion, and migration. In this highlight, we present a concise picture of how the transcription factor Snail is regulated by ubiquitination in cancer cells, the role of Dub3 in this process, and its potential use as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P. Zhou
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yadi Wu
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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TGFβ1 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through lncRNA-ZEB2NAT. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11924. [PMID: 26152796 PMCID: PMC4495469 DOI: 10.1038/srep11924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients at muscle invasive stage have poor clinical outcome, due to high propensity for metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the principal constituents of the tumor stroma, play an important role in tumor development. However, it is unclear whether CAFs from UBC induce cell invasion and which signaling pathway is involved. Herein, we found that conditional medium from UBC CAFs (CAF-CM) enhanced the invasion of UBC cells. CAF-CM induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating expression levels of EMT-associated markers in UBC cells. Higher concentration of TGFβ1 in CAF-CM, comparing with the CM from adjacent normal fibroblast, led to phosphorylation of Smad2 in UBC cells. Additionally, inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling decreased the EMT-associated gene expression, and cancer cell invasion. Interestingly, a long non-coding RNA, ZEB2NAT, was demonstrated to be essential for this TGFβ1-dependent process. ZEB2NAT depletion reversed CAF-CM-induced EMT and invasion of cancer cells, as well as reduced the ZEB2 protein level. Consistently, TGFβ1 mRNA expression is positively correlated with ZEB2NAT transcript and ZEB2 protein levels in human bladder cancer specimens. Our data revealed a novel mechanism that CAFs induces EMT and invasion of human UBC cells through the TGFβ1-ZEB2NAT-ZEB2 axis.
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Nomura S, Suzuki Y, Takahashi R, Terasaki M, Kimata R, Terasaki Y, Hamasaki T, Kimura G, Shimizu A, Kondo Y. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) as a novel marker in T1 high-grade and T2 bladder cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Urol 2015; 15:53. [PMID: 26087959 PMCID: PMC4472248 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate associations between dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) expression and survival in T1 high-grade or T2 bladder cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS The cohort under investigation comprised 44 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pT1 high-grade or pT2N0M0 bladder cancer at our institution between 2002 and 2011. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine expression of DYRK2 in bladder cancer specimens obtained by transurethral resection before chemotherapy. Relationships between DYRK2 expression and both response to chemotherapy and survival in these patients were analyzed. RESULTS DYRK2 expression was positive in 21 of 44 patients (47.7 %) and negative in 23 patients (52.3 %). In total, 20 of 21 DYRK2-positive cases showed complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, whereas 11 of 23 DYRK2-negative cases did not show complete response. Sensitivity and specificity were 62.5 % and 91.7 %, respectively (P = 0.0018). In addition, disease-specific survival rate was significantly higher for DYRK2-positive patients than for DYRK2-negative patients (P = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, DYRK2 expression level was identified as an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (P = 0.029). We also showed that DYRK2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in DYRK2-positive samples by immunohistochemistry than DYRK2-negative samples (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS DYRK2 expression level may predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for T1 high-grade and T2 bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Nomura
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Suzuki
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Mika Terasaki
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Kimata
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Hamasaki
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Go Kimura
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Kondo
- Departments of Urology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
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