1
|
Riaz B, Sohn S. Neutrophils in Inflammatory Diseases: Unraveling the Impact of Their Derived Molecules and Heterogeneity. Cells 2023; 12:2621. [PMID: 37998356 PMCID: PMC10670008 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases involve numerous disorders and medical conditions defined by an insufficient level of self-tolerance. These diseases evolve over the course of a multi-step process through which environmental variables play a crucial role in the emergence of aberrant innate and adaptive immunological responses. According to experimental data accumulated over the past decade, neutrophils play a significant role as effector cells in innate immunity. However, neutrophils are also involved in the progression of numerous diseases through participation in the onset and maintenance of immune-mediated dysregulation by releasing neutrophil-derived molecules and forming neutrophil extracellular traps, ultimately causing destruction of tissues. Additionally, neutrophils have a wide variety of functional heterogeneity with adverse effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the complicated role of neutrophil biology and its heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases remains unclear. Moreover, neutrophils are considered an intriguing target of interventional therapies due to their multifaceted role in a number of diseases. Several approaches have been developed to therapeutically target neutrophils, involving strategies to improve neutrophil function, with various compounds and inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials, although challenges and contradictions in the field persist. This review outlines the current literature on roles of neutrophils, neutrophil-derived molecules, and neutrophil heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with potential future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Riaz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cruz-Silva I, Nunes VA, Rydlewski M, Gozzo AJ, Praxedes-Garcia P, Ferraz Carbonel AA, Tanaka AS, Araújo MDS. Disclosing the involvement of proteases in an eczema murine animal model: Perspectives for protease inhibitor-based therapies. Biochimie 2021; 194:1-12. [PMID: 34896570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eczema is a skin condition characterized by itchy and inflammatory patches. The accumulation of neutrophils and the imbalance between enzymes and their inhibitors appears to be related to this condition. We proposed a neutrophil elastase (NE)-based eczema model in mice in order to verify histopathological features as well as the expression and activity of proteases and inhibitors. Mice skins were topically administered with human NE (0-2 pmol/cm2) for 24-168 h. It was observed thickening of epidermis, parakeratosis, spongiosis and leukocyte infiltration. Also, NE-treated skins presented high activity of epidermal kallikreins 5 and 7, and cathepsin B on synthetic substrates, and expression evaluated by RT-qPCR. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, CA074 and Caesalpinia echinata kallikrein inhibitor (CeKI). The topic application of CeKI reversed eczema phenotype in NE-treated skins. Elafin expression was shown to be increased in NE-treated skins. These results suggest that the NE may trigger morphological and biochemical changes in skin similar to those observed in eczematous diseases. In addition to the establishment of this in vivo model, this work opens perspectives for the use of protease inhibitor-based drugs for the management of this skin condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Cruz-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Rydlewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Kalioby M, El-Komy MHM, Said ER, Amer MA, Saadi DG, Nouredin Mohammed F, Rashed LA, El Desouky ED, AlOrbani AM. Downregulation of interleukin 36γ and its cleaver cathepsin G following treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:2358-2363. [PMID: 34376113 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1967265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests the important role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Cathepsin G is a neutrophil-derived protease that can activate IL-36γ. OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of IL-36γ and cathepsin G in psoriasis and to quantify the impact of treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy (NB-UVB) on their levels. METHODS This case-control study involved 26 patients with moderate-severe psoriasis and 25 healthy volunteers. Psoriasis patients eligible for phototherapy received 24 NB-UVB sessions. Punch skin biopsies were obtained from all participants at recruitment and after phototherapy from patients. Real-time PCR was utilized for quantitative assessment of IL-36γ and cathepsin G expression in tissue samples. RESULTS The expression of IL-36γ and cathepsin G was significantly higher in psoriasis before NB-UVB therapy compared to controls (p < .001). Both proteins decreased significantly with clinical improvement following NB-UVB therapy compared to baseline (p < .001). However, their expression after treatment was still higher than controls (p < .001). CONCLUSION IL-36γ and cathepsin G expression is upregulated in psoriatic lesions, supporting their role as mediators of inflammation in psoriasis. Downregulation of IL-36γ and cathepsin G is a possible mechanism for psoriasis improvement after NB-UVB therapy. IL-36 and cathepsin G can be considered as therapeutic targets for psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Kalioby
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr AL-Ainy Psoriasis Unit (KAPU), Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H M El-Komy
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr AL-Ainy Psoriasis Unit (KAPU), Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman R Said
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr AL-Ainy Psoriasis Unit (KAPU), Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Amer
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr AL-Ainy Psoriasis Unit (KAPU), Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina G Saadi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr AL-Ainy Psoriasis Unit (KAPU), Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman D El Desouky
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M AlOrbani
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Kasr AL-Ainy Psoriasis Unit (KAPU), Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou T, Tsang MS, Chu IM, Kan LL, Hon K, Leung T, Lam CW, Wong C. Skewed inflammation is associated with aberrant interleukin-37 signaling pathway in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2021; 76:2102-2114. [PMID: 33569791 DOI: 10.1111/all.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a severe global burden on physical, physiological, and mental health. The role of IL-37, a fundamental inhibitor of immunity, in AD was herein explored. METHOD Serum levels of IL-37 and T helper (Th) 2-related inflammatory mediators were quantified in subjects with or without AD. The expression of IL-37 receptors was determined by flow cytometry. Proteomics was employed to explore the serum protein profile and novel biomarkers. In vitro cell model, 3D-keratinocytes mimicking skin model, and the serum of subjects with or without AD were investigated to verify the proteomic results. RESULTS AD patients were found to present with higher levels of total and specific IgE as well as Th2 inflammatory mediators compared with healthy controls (HC). IL-37 level and its receptor IL18Rɑ expression in AD patients were significantly decreased, together with increased population of eosinophils, indicating that the signaling of IL37/IL18Rɑ was dampened. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed a significantly differential protein profile of AD patients compared with HC. IL-37 showed the strongest negative correlation with involucrin, a keratinizing epithelia protein. IL-37 was verified to suppress induced involucrin expression in in vitro skin cell models. AD patients show a significantly higher serum concentration of involucrin compared with HC. Together, our results demonstrated that IL-37 plays a regulatory role in AD. Its deficiency may lead to the aberrant involucrin expression in AD. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulation of serum protein and skin disruption in AD is related to the insufficiency of IL-37 and its attenuated anti-inflammatory signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Miranda Sin‐Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Ida Miu‐Ting Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Lea Ling‐Yu Kan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kam‐Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Ting‐Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Christopher Wai‐Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Chun‐Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin SJ, Park MW, Lee BN, Yang JM, Park YD, Qian GY. Functional study of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in keratinocytes: microarray integrating bioinformatics approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2133-2151. [PMID: 32189581 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1745281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The function of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been gradually elucidated in several diseases, especially in various cancers. However, the role of ALDH1 in skin-related diseases has been mostly unknown. Previously, we found that ALDH1 is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, we used high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches to identify critical factors associated with ALDH1 in human keratinocytes to reveal its functions in skin. We overexpressed ALDH1 in human HaCaT keratinocytes and then conducted serial HTS studies, a DNA microarray and antibody array integrated with bioinformatics algorithms. Together, those tests identified several novel genes associated with the function of ALDH1 in keratinocytes, as well as AD, including CTSG and CCL11. In particular, GNB3, GHSR, TAS2R9, FFAR1, TAS2R16, CCL21, GPR32, NPFFR1, GPR15, FBXW12, CCL19, EDNRA, FFAR3, and RXFP3 proteins were consistently detected as hub proteins in the PPI maps. By integrating the datasets obtained from these HTS studies and using the strengths of each method, we obtained new insights into the functional role of ALDH1 in skin keratinocytes. The approach used here could contribute to the clinical understanding of ALDH1-associated applications for the treatment of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Min-Woo Park
- Genomic Research Center, EBIOGEN Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bit-Na Lee
- Genomic Research Center, EBIOGEN Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China.,Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Skin Diseases Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki H, Miyagaki T, Otobe S, Nakajima R, Oka T, Takahashi N, Kabasawa M, Suga H, Yoshizaki A, Asano Y, Sato S, Sugaya M. Increased endocan expression in lesional skin and decreased endocan expression in sera in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2017; 44:1392-1395. [PMID: 28714079 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endocan is a novel human endothelial cell-specific molecule and is mainly expressed in endothelial cells in various tissues. Endocan has the capacity to inhibit leukocytes binding to the vascular endothelium. It also can promote the angiogenesis alongside vascular endothelial growth factor A. Through these functions, endocan has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. To investigate the possible roles of endocan in atopic dermatitis (AD), we examined endocan expression in lesional skin and sera in patients with AD. Endocan mRNA and protein levels were increased in lesional skin of AD compared with healthy skin and endocan was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes and dermal endothelial cells. On the other hand, serum endocan levels in patients with AD were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Our results suggest that elevated endocan expression in lesional skin may be associated with development of AD through angiogenesis and that decreased endocan expression in sera may be associated with increased leukocyte recruitment in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Otobe
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyoko Kabasawa
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu P, Ma G, Zhu X, Gu T, Zhang J, Sun Y, Xu H, Huo R, Wang B, Shen B, Chen X, Li N. Cyr61/CCN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris via promoting IL-8 production by keratinocytes in a JNK/NF-κB pathway. Clin Immunol 2017; 174:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
8
|
Treatment regimens, protocols, dosage, and indications for UVA1 phototherapy: Facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2013; 31:438-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Perry CR, Burke ML, Stenzel DJ, McManus DP, Ramm GA, Gobert GN. Differential expression of chemokine and matrix re-modelling genes is associated with contrasting schistosome-induced hepatopathology in murine models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1178. [PMID: 21666794 PMCID: PMC3110159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological outcomes of schistosomiasis are largely dependent on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the host immune response. In this study, we investigated the contribution of variations in host gene expression to the contrasting hepatic pathology observed between two inbred mouse strains following Schistosoma japonicum infection. Whole genome microarray analysis was employed in conjunction with histological and immunohistochemical analysis to define and compare the hepatic gene expression profiles and cellular composition associated with the hepatopathology observed in S. japonicum-infected BALB/c and CBA mice. We show that the transcriptional profiles differ significantly between the two mouse strains with high statistical confidence. We identified specific genes correlating with the more severe pathology associated with CBA mice, as well as genes which may confer the milder degree of pathology associated with BALB/c mice. In BALB/c mice, neutrophil genes exhibited striking increases in expression, which coincided with the significantly greater accumulation of neutrophils at granulomatous regions seen in histological sections of hepatic tissue. In contrast, up-regulated expression of the eosinophil chemokine CCL24 in CBA mice paralleled the cellular influx of eosinophils to the hepatic granulomas. Additionally, there was greater down-regulation of genes involved in metabolic processes in CBA mice, reflecting the more pronounced hepatic damage in these mice. Profibrotic genes showed similar levels of expression in both mouse strains, as did genes associated with Th1 and Th2 responses. However, imbalances in expression of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g. MMP12, MMP13) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP1) may contribute to the contrasting pathology observed in the two strains. Overall, these results provide a more complete picture of the molecular and cellular mechanisms which govern the pathological outcome of hepatic schistosomiasis. This improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis in the murine model schistosomiasis provides the basis for a better appreciation of the complexities associated with chronic human schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropical world although its true burden has been historically underestimated. Millions of people currently endure severe pathology as a result of schistosome infections, although some individuals appear to be less susceptible to infection despite constant parasite exposure. A similar range of disease susceptibility is evident in different strains of inbred mice infected with schistosomes, thereby mirroring the clinical situation. Granuloma formation in the liver of both humans and mice is a characteristic manifestation of chronic schistosomiasis, and is largely controlled by gene signalling pathways. Certain genes expressed in particular cohorts of mice and humans may be associated with the development of severe pathology, or may confer a protective phenotype. This murine study highlights some key molecular aspects of chronic schistosomiasis which may be responsible for the development of both mild and severe pathology, and provides a bench mark for studying the mechanisms of schistosome-induced disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly R. Perry
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa L. Burke
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Stenzel
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant A. Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rünger TM, Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Bhawan J. Role of cathepsin K in the turnover of the dermal extracellular matrix during scar formation. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:293-7. [PMID: 16946716 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are a group of cysteine proteinases that are involved in various aspects of extracellular matrix turnover. The collagenolytic activity of cathepsin K plays a pivotal role in bone resorption and lung matrix homeostasis, but so far has not been described in skin. To study the role of cathepsin K in the turnover of the cutaneous extracellular matrix, we studied the expression of cathepsin K in human skin and in cultured primary neonatal skin fibroblasts. Normal skin exhibited only low levels or no expression of cathepsin K. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts in surgical scars showed strong cytoplasmic cathepsin K expression. Cathepsin K expression was most prominent in young scars and declined with time. Cultured neonatal primary fibroblasts showed strong cathepsin K staining in the perinuclear endosomal compartment, consistent with intracellular degradation of internalized collagen in lysosomes. Cathepsin K was also found to be strongly expressed in keloids and dermatofibromas, but not in sclerotic areas of morphea. Our data suggest that cathepsin K may play an important role in the homeostasis of the dermal extracellular matrix and the dynamic equilibrium between matrix synthesis and proteolytic degradation, by counteracting deposition of matrix proteins during scar formation with its matrix-degrading activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Rünger
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beattie PE, Dawe RS, Ibbotson SH, Ferguson J. UVA1 phototherapy for treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006; 31:235-8. [PMID: 16487100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.02059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary cause of collagen degeneration in necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is proposed to be immunologically mediated vascular disease. Ultraviolet (UV)A1 has been used successfully to treat scleroderma in which both vascular damage and collagen dysregulation also occur. We treated six patients with NL [(five women; mean age of 32 years (range 22-70) and mean disease duration of 2.9 years (range 6 months to 5 years)] with a high-output ultraviolet (UV)A1 2-kW filtered metal halide source (Dr Hönle; Dermalight ultrA 1) having an emission spectrum of 340-440 nm. All patients had NL on the shins, which had been unresponsive to potent topical corticosteroid therapy (n = 6) and had responded minimally or not at all to TL-01 UVB (n = 2), topical psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) soaking (n = 2) or oral PUVA (n = 1) therapy. Patients received a variable number of total exposures (15-51), given 3-5 times weekly. NL resolved completely in one patient; this patient had minimal improvement after the first course of 16 exposures, but after a further 13 exposures, resolution occurred 6 months later. Two subjects obtained moderate improvement in their overall disease severity after 15 and 24 exposures, while two had only minimal improvement after 15 and 51 exposures. The remaining patient had no improvement after 16 treatments. Patients with the shortest disease duration had the greatest response. UVA1 therapy may be of benefit for the treatment of NL as an adjuvant therapy to topical corticosteroids or as a second-line alternative to other phototherapies, and may have a superior outcome in a proportion of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Beattie
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Department, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Ultraviolet-based therapy has been used to treat various pruritic conditions including pruritus in chronic renal failure, atopic dermatitis, HIV, aquagenic pruritus and urticaria, solar, chronic, and idiopathic urticaria, urticaria pigmentosa, polycythemia vera, pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy, breast carcinoma skin infiltration, Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic liver disease, and acquired perforating dermatosis, among others. Various mechanisms of action for phototherapy have been posited. Treatment limitations, side effects, and common dosing protocols are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rivard
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Calzavara-Pinton P, Venturini M, Sala R. Medium-dose UVA1 therapy of lymphomatoid papulosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52:530-2. [PMID: 15761440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe atopic dermatitis (AD) in relation to a case study, the diagnostic criteria, complications, prevalence, future implications, and management for the primary care provider. DATA SOURCES Extensive literature review on the condition, supplemented with an actual case study. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many scientific studies done on AD, the exact pathogenesis and cure for this condition are still to be discovered. It is usually chronic and has some fatal sequelae in those who have been exposed to viral infections. Asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and AD are considered the atopic triad. Further studies that may help improve medical providers' understanding of AD are going on and offer hope to those afflicted by this disorder. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Children over 5 years old may have outgrown their symptoms, so it is best to diagnose this condition at an early age to provide better management outcomes. Because it is part of an atopic triad, the nurse practitioner must think beyond the presenting skin condition to consider possible respiratory system conditions. AD may herald the onset of asthma and AR.
Collapse
|