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Li WY, Yin S, Huang SW, Yang MH, Chen PM, Wu SR, Welsher K, Yang H, Arthur Chen YM. The trajectory patterns of single HIV-1 virus-like particle in live CD4 cells: A real time three-dimensional multi-resolution microscopy study using encapsulated nonblinking giant quantum dot. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:257-266. [PMID: 36127231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exploration of virology knowledge was limited by the optical technology for the observation of virus. Previously, a three-dimensional multi-resolution real-time microscope system (3D-MRM) was developed to observe the uptake of HIV-1-tat peptide-modified nanoparticles in cell membrane. In this study, we labeled HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) with passivated giant quantum dots (gQDs) and recorded their interactive trajectories with human Jurkat CD4 cells through 3D-MRM. METHODS The labeled of gQDs of the HIV-1 VLPs in sucrose-gradient purified viral lysates was first confirmed by Cryo-electronic microscopy and Western blot assay. After the infection with CD4 cells, the gQD-labeled VLPs were visualized and their extracellular and intracellular trajectories were recorded by 3D-MRM. RESULTS A total of 208 prime trajectories was identified and classified into three distinct patterns: cell-free random diffusion pattern, directional movement pattern and cell-associated movement pattern, with distributions and mean durations were 72.6%/87.6 s, 9.1%/402.7 s and 18.3%/68.7 s, respectively. Further analysis of the spatial-temporal relationship between VLP trajectories and CD4 cells revealed the three stages of interactions: (1) cell-associated (extracellular) diffusion stage, (2) cell membrane surfing stage and (3) intracellular directional movement stage. CONCLUSION A complete trajectory of HIV-1 VLP interacting with CD4 cells was presented in animation. This encapsulating method could increase the accuracy for the observation of HIV-1-CD4 cell interaction in real time and three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-You Li
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Patricia Mt Chen
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Welsher
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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Kirui J, Freed EO. Generation and validation of a highly sensitive bioluminescent HIV-1 reporter vector that simplifies measurement of virus release. Retrovirology 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32430080 PMCID: PMC7235552 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The continued persistence of HIV-1 as a public health concern due to the lack of a cure calls for the development of new tools for studying replication of the virus. Here, we used NanoLuc, a small and extremely bright luciferase protein, to develop an HIV-1 bioluminescent reporter virus that simplifies functional measurement of virus particle production. Results The reporter virus encodes a Gag protein containing NanoLuc inserted between the matrix (MA) and capsid (CA) domains of Gag, thereby generating virus particles that package high levels of the NanoLuc reporter. We observe that inserting the NanoLuc protein within HIV-1 Gag has minimal impact on Gag expression and virus particle release. We show that the reporter virus recapitulates inhibition of HIV-1 particle release by Gag mutations, the restriction factor tetherin, and the small-molecule inhibitor amphotericin-B methyl ester. Conclusion These results demonstrate that this vector will provide a simple and rapid tool for functional studies of virus particle assembly and release and high-throughput screening for cellular factors and small molecules that promote or inhibit HIV-1 particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kirui
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Wei S, Lei Y, Yang J, Wang X, Shu F, Wei X, Lin F, Li B, Cui Y, Zhang H, Wei S. Neutralization effects of antibody elicited by chimeric HBV S antigen viral-like particles presenting HCV neutralization epitopes. Vaccine 2018; 36:2273-2281. [PMID: 29576303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem despite effectual direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy. Development of a prophylactic vaccine is essential to block spread of HCV infection. The HBV small surface antigen (HBsAg-S) can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), has higher immunogenicity and is used as a vaccine against HBV infections. Chimeric HBsAg-S proteins with foreign epitopes allow VLP formation and induce the specific humoral and cellular immune responses against the foreign proteins. In this study, we investigated the immune responses induced by chimeric VLPs with HCV neutralizing epitopes and HBV S antigen in mice. The chimeric HCV-HBV VLPs expressing neutralizing epitopes were prepared and purified. BALB/c mice were immunized with purified chimeric VLPs and the serum neutralizing antibodies were analyzed. We found that these chimeric VLPs induced neutralizing antibodies against HCV in mice. Additionally, the murine serum neutralized infections with HCV pseudoparticles and cell-cultured viruses derived from different heterologous 1a, 1b and 2a genotypes. We also found that immunization with chimeric VLPs induced anti-HBsAg antibodies. This study provides a novel strategy for development of a HCV prophylactic neutralizing epitope vaccine and a HCV-HBV bivalent prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhua Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 17 West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Fang Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Third Hospital, No. 10 Eastern Section of The Third FengCheng Rd., WeiYang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 17 West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Sanhua Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
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Wang J, Kang QS, Lv XG, Song J, Zhan N, Dong WG, Huang WH. Simple patterned nanofiber scaffolds and its enhanced performance in immunoassay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82888. [PMID: 24340065 PMCID: PMC3858307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide; early diagnosis and treatment of cancers is critical for the survival of the patients. The concentration of cancer markers in easy-to-access biological fluids can provide great assistance in screening for occult primary cancers, distinguishing malignant from benign findings, determining prognosis and prediction for cancer patients. The multiplex detection technology of a panel of cancer markers can greatly increase the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Herein, we briefly fabricate a high-throughput micro-immunoassay based on the electrospun polystyrene (PS) substrates to improve detection sensitivity. The immunoassay was evaluated by analyzing three different cancer biomarkers (AFP, CEA, VEGF). For AFP, CEA, VEGF immunofluorescence assay, the LOD of assay conducted on electrospun PS substrates before or after plasma and the conventional PS substrates were 0.42, 0.10, 1.12 ng/mL, 0.57, 0.09, 1.24 ng/mL, and 159.75, 26.19, 385.59 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). Due to the high porosity and large surface area-to-volume ratio which is the foremost merit of nanostructures, and the plasma treatment which make the hydrophobic PS nanofibers hydropholic, the nanofibers substrates showed sufficient retention of immunoassay functionality and high potential for capture molecules immobilization. Consequently, the immunofluorescence assay conducted on electrospun PS substrates could significantly enhance the sensitivity and limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin-shu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-guang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (WD); (WH)
| | - Wei-hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (WD); (WH)
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Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Carrillo J, Segura MM. Development and validation of a quantitation assay for fluorescently tagged HIV-1 virus-like particles. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Lee SK, Potempa M, Swanstrom R. The choreography of HIV-1 proteolytic processing and virion assembly. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40867-74. [PMID: 23043111 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.399444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 has been the target of intensive research at the molecular and biochemical levels for >25 years. Collectively, this work has led to a detailed understanding of viral replication and the development of 24 approved drugs that have five different targets on various viral proteins and one cellular target (CCR5). Although most drugs target viral enzymatic activities, our detailed knowledge of so much of the viral life cycle is leading us into other types of inhibitors that can block or disrupt protein-protein interactions. Viruses have compact genomes and employ a strategy of using a small number of proteins that can form repeating structures to enclose space (i.e. condensing the viral genome inside of a protein shell), thus minimizing the need for a large protein coding capacity. This creates a relatively small number of critical protein-protein interactions that are essential for viral replication. For HIV-1, the Gag protein has the role of a polyprotein precursor that contains all of the structural proteins of the virion: matrix, capsid, spacer peptide 1, nucleocapsid, spacer peptide 2, and p6 (which contains protein-binding domains that interact with host proteins during budding). Similarly, the Gag-Pro-Pol precursor encodes most of the Gag protein but now includes the viral enzymes: protease, reverse transcriptase (with its associated RNase H activity), and integrase. Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol are the substrates of the viral protease, which is responsible for cleaving these precursors into their mature and fully active forms (see Fig. 1A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Lee HJ, Kim HS, Kim HO, Koh WG. Micropatterns of double-layered nanofiber scaffolds with dual functions of cell patterning and metabolite detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2849-57. [PMID: 21738946 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of multi-functional nanofiber scaffolds consisting of multiple layers of nanofiber scaffolds and nanofiber-incorporated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we fabricated micropatterned polymeric nanofiber scaffolds that were capable of simultaneously generating cellular micropatterns within a biomimetic environment and detecting cellular metabolic products within well-defined microdomains. To achieve this goal, we designed nanofiber scaffolds with both vertical and lateral microdomains. Vertically heterogeneous structures that were responsible for multi-functionality were realized by preparing double-layered nanofiber scaffolds consisting of an antibody-immobilized bottom layer of nanofibers and an upper layer of bare polystyrene (PS) nanofibers by a two-step sequential electrospinning process. Photopatterning of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel on the electrospun nanofibers produced laterally heterogeneous micropatterned nanofiber scaffolds made of hydrogel microwells filled with a nanofibrous region, which is capable of generating cell and protein micropatterns due to the different interactions that cells and proteins have with PEG hydrogels and nanofibers. When HepG2 cells were seeded into resultant nanofiber scaffolds, cells selectively adhered within the 200 μm × 200 μm PS fiber microdomain and formed 180.2 ± 6.7 μm spheroids after 5 days of culture in the upper layer. Furthermore, immobilized anti-albumin in the bottom layer detected albumin secreted by micropatterned HepG2 cells with higher sensitivity than flat PS substrates, demonstrating successful accomplishment of dual functions using micropatterned double-layered nanofiber scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
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