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Moosavizadeh A, Motallebi M, Jahromi ZM, Mekuto L. Cloning and heterologous expression of Fusarium oxysporum nitrilase gene in Escherichia coli and evaluation in cyanide degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110389. [PMID: 38134733 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide is widely utilized in the extraction of precious metal extraction even though it has been deemed as the most toxic compound. Fusarium oxysporum has been shown to degrade cyanide through the activity of the Nitrilase enzyme. In this study, the coding sequence of nitrilase gene from F. oxysporum genomic DNA was optimized for cloning and expression in E. coli. The pUC57 containing synthetic optimized nitrilase gene was transferred into E. coli DH5α strain. This nitrilase gene was sub-cloned into pET26b (+) expression vector containing an in-built His-tag at the C-terminal end to facilitate its purification. The recombinant plasmid, pETAM1, was confirmed by PCR, digestion pattern, and sequencing. The recombinant protein was overproduced in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The results of the SDS-PAGE pattern and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of the expected recombinant protein. For expression optimization of Nitrilase protein, M16 orthogonal experimental design of the Taguchi method was used. The effect of induction time, temperature and IPTG concentration were examined using four levels for each factors. Estimation of the amount of the expressed protein was calculated via densitometry on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity and expression in E. coli proved to be successful since there was ammonia production when potassium cyanide and acrylonitrile were used as substrates while the highest enzyme activity of 88% was expressed at 30 °C. The Km and Vm values of the expressed Nitrilase enzyme were determined to be 0.68 mM and 0.48 mM/min respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azamsadat Moosavizadeh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), NIGEB, 14965/161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mostafa Motallebi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), NIGEB, 14965/161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zahra Moghaddassi Jahromi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), NIGEB, 14965/161, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
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Light triggered nanoscale biolistics for efficient intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1996. [PMID: 35422038 PMCID: PMC9010410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biolistic intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules makes use of dense microparticles which are ballistically fired onto cells with a pressurized gun. While it has been used to transfect plant cells, its application to mammalian cells has met with limited success mainly due to high toxicity. Here we present a more refined nanotechnological approach to biolistic delivery with light-triggered self-assembled nanobombs (NBs) that consist of a photothermal core particle surrounded by smaller nanoprojectiles. Upon irradiation with pulsed laser light, fast heating of the core particle results in vapor bubble formation, which propels the nanoprojectiles through the cell membrane of nearby cells. We show successful transfection of both adherent and non-adherent cells with mRNA and pDNA, outperforming electroporation as the most used physical transfection technology by a factor of 5.5–7.6 in transfection yield. With a throughput of 104-105 cells per second, biolistic delivery with NBs offers scalable and highly efficient transfections of mammalian cells. Ballistic delivery with micro/nano-particles has been successfully used to transfect plant cells, however, has failed in mammalian cells due to toxic effects. Here, the authors report on a self-assembled nano-ballistic delivery system for the delivery of functional macromolecules and demonstrate efficient transfection of mammalian cells.
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Cabrera MÁ, Blamey JM. Cloning, overexpression, and characterization of a thermostable nitrilase from an Antarctic Pyrococcus sp. Extremophiles 2017; 21:861-869. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bioengineering of Nitrilases Towards Its Use as Green Catalyst: Applications and Perspectives. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:131-138. [PMID: 28611489 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrilases are commercial biocatalysts used for the synthesis of plastics, paints, fibers in the chemical industries, pharmaceutical drugs and herbicides for agricultural uses. Nitrilase hydrolyses the nitriles and dinitriles to their corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia. They have a broad range of substrate specificities as well as enantio-, regio- and chemo-selective properties which make them useful for biotransformation of nitriles to important compounds because of which they are considered as 'Green Catalysts'. Nitriles are widespread in nature and synthesized as a consequence of anthropogenic and biological activities. These are also present in certain plant species and are known to cause environmental pollution. Biotransformation using native organisms as catalysts tends to be insufficient since the enzyme of interest has very low amount in the total cellular protein, rate of reaction is slow along with the instability of enzymes. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, bioengineering offers an alternative approach to alter the properties of enzymes to enhance the applicability and stability. The present review highlights the aspects of producing the recombinant microorganisms and overexpressing the enzyme of interest for the enhanced stability at high temperatures, immobilization techniques, extremes of pH, organic solvents and hydrolysing dintriles to chiral compounds which may enhance the possibilities for creating specific enzymes for biotransformation.
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Bura Gohain M, Talukdar S, Talukdar M, Yadav A, Gogoi BK, Bora TC, Kiran S, Gulati A. Effect of physicochemical parameters on nitrile-hydrolyzing potentials of newly isolated nitrilase of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi ED-3. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:226-36. [PMID: 24923632 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nitrilases from fungus have received increasing attention, and most of the studies are performed on nitrilases of bacterial origin. Frequently used methods are based on analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography; therefore, an efficient, user friendly, and rapid method has been developed to screen nitrilase enzyme based on the principle of color change of a pH indicator. Phenol red amended with the minimal medium appears light yellow at neutral pH, which changes into pink with the formation of ammonia, indicating nitrilase activity in the reaction medium. A highly potent strain ED-3 identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi (specific activity 17.5 µmol/Min/mg dcw) was isolated using this method. The nitrilase activity of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi ED-3 strain showed wide substrate specificity toward aliphatic nitriles, aromatic nitriles, and orthosubstituted heterocyclic nitriles. 4-Aminobenzonitrile was found to be a superior substrate among all the nitriles used in this study. This nitrilase was active within pH 5-10 and temperature ranging from 25 to 60 °C with optimal at pH 7.0 and temperature at 50 °C. The nitrilase activity was enhanced to several folds through optimization of culture and biotransformation conditions from 1,121 to 1,941 µmol/Min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Bura Gohain
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
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Zhu XY, Gong JS, Li H, Lu ZM, Zhou ZM, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Characterization and functional cloning of an aromatic nitrilase from Pseudomonas putida CGMCC3830 with high conversion efficiency toward cyanopyridine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kaplan O, Bezouska K, Plihal O, Ettrich R, Kulik N, Vanek O, Kavan D, Benada O, Malandra A, Sveda O, Vesela AB, Rinagelova A, Slamova K, Cantarella M, Felsberg J, Duskova J, Dohnalek J, Kotik M, Kren V, Martinkova L. Retraction Note: Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:57. [PMID: 23870008 PMCID: PMC3723435 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Erratum to: Purification and characterization of heterologously expressed nitrilases from filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yusuf F, Chaubey A, Jamwal U, Parshad R. A New Isolate from Fusarium proliferatum (AUF-2) for Efficient Nitrilase Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1022-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doskočilová A, Kohoutová L, Volc J, Kourová H, Benada O, Chumová J, Plíhal O, Petrovská B, Halada P, Bögre L, Binarová P. NITRILASE1 regulates the exit from proliferation, genome stability and plant development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:685-698. [PMID: 23437871 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases are highly conserved proteins with catabolic activity but much less understood functions in cell division and apoptosis. To elucidate the biological functions of Arabidopsis NITRILASE1, we characterized its molecular forms, cellular localization and involvement in cell proliferation and plant development. We performed biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses of NITRILASE1 complexes, electron microscopy of nitrilase polymers, imaging of developmental and cellular distribution, silencing and overexpression of nitrilases to study their functions. We found that NITRILASE1 has an intrinsic ability to form filaments. GFP-NITRILASE1 was abundant in proliferating cells, distributed in cytoplasm, in the perinuclear area and associated with microtubules. As cells exited proliferation and entered differentiation, GFP-NITRILASE1 became predominantly nuclear. Nitrilase silencing dose-dependently compromised plant growth, led to loss of tissue organization and sustained proliferation. Cytokinesis was frequently aborted, leading to enlarged polyploid cells. In reverse, independently transformed cell lines overexpressing GFP-NITRILASE1 showed slow growth and increased rate of programmed cell death. Altogether, our data suggest that NITRILASE1 homologues regulate the exit from cell cycle and entry into differentiation and simultaneously are required for cytokinesis. These functions are essential to maintain normal ploidy, genome stability and tissue organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Doskočilová
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kohoutová
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Volc
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kourová
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Chumová
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Plíhal
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Beáta Petrovská
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v. v. i., Sokolovská 6, 772 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - László Bögre
- Plant Molecular Sciences, Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Pavla Binarová
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Erratum to: Purification and characterization of a nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3745-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang H, Sun H, Wei D. Discovery and characterization of a highly efficient enantioselective mandelonitrile hydrolase from Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 by phylogeny-based enzymatic substrate specificity prediction. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:14. [PMID: 23414071 PMCID: PMC3599355 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nitrilase-mediated pathway has significant advantages in the production of optically pure (R)-(-)-mandelic acid. However, unwanted byproduct, low enantioselectivity, and specific activity reduce its value in practical applications. An ideal nitrilase that can efficiently hydrolyze mandelonitrile to optically pure (R)-(-)-mandelic acid without the unwanted byproduct is needed. RESULTS A novel nitrilase (BCJ2315) was discovered from Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 through phylogeny-based enzymatic substrate specificity prediction (PESSP). This nitrilase is a mandelonitrile hydrolase that could efficiently hydrolyze mandelonitrile to (R)-(-)-mandelic acid, with a high enantiomeric excess of 98.4%. No byproduct was observed in this hydrolysis process. BCJ2315 showed the highest identity of 71% compared with other nitrilases in the amino acid sequence. BCJ2315 possessed the highest activity toward mandelonitrile and took mandelonitrile as the optimal substrate based on the analysis of substrate specificity. The kinetic parameters Vmax, Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km toward mandelonitrile were 45.4 μmol/min/mg, 0.14 mM, 15.4 s(-1), and 1.1×10(5) M(-1)s(-1), respectively. The recombinant Escherichia coli M15/BCJ2315 had a strong substrate tolerance and could completely hydrolyze mandelonitrile (100 mM) with fewer amounts of wet cells (10 mg/ml) within 1 h. CONCLUSIONS PESSP is an efficient method for discovering an ideal mandelonitrile hydrolase. BCJ2315 has high affinity and catalytic efficiency toward mandelonitrile. This nitrilase has great advantages in the production of optically pure (R)-(-)-mandelic acid because of its high activity and enantioselectivity, strong substrate tolerance, and having no unwanted byproduct. Thus, BCJ2315 has great potential in the practical production of optically pure (R)-(-)-mandelic acid in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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Gong JS, Li H, Zhu XY, Lu ZM, Wu Y, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Fungal His-tagged nitrilase from Gibberella intermedia: gene cloning, heterologous expression and biochemical properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50622. [PMID: 23226336 PMCID: PMC3511519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrilase is an important member of the nitrilase superfamiliy. It has attracted substantial interest from academia and industry for its function of converting nitriles directly into the corresponding carboxylic acids in recent years. Thus nitrilase has played a crucial role in production of commercial carboxylic acids in chemical industry and detoxification of nitrile-contaminated wastes. However, conventional studies mainly focused on the bacterial nitrilase and the potential of fungal nitrilase has been far from being fully explored. Research on fungal nitrilase gene expression will advance our understanding for its biological function of fungal nitrilase in nitrile hydrolysis. Methodology/Principal Findings A fungal nitrilase gene from Gibberella intermedia was cloned through reverse transcription-PCR. The open reading frame consisted of 963 bp and potentially encoded a protein of 320 amino acid residues with a theoretical molecular mass of 35.94 kDa. Furthermore, the catalytic triad (Glu-45, Lys-127, and Cys-162) was proposed and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The encoding gene was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami (DE3) and the recombinant protein with His6-tag was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 45°C and pH 7.8. This nitrilase was specific towards aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. The kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for 3-cyanopyridine were determined to be 0.81 µmol/min·mg and 12.11 mM through Hanes-Woolf plot, respectively. 3-Cyanopyridine (100 mM) could be thoroughly hydrolyzed into nicotinic acid within 10 min using the recombinant strain with the release of about 3% nicotinamide and no substrate was detected. Conclusions/Significance In the present study, a fungal nitrilase was cloned from the cDNA sequence of G. intermedia and successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami (DE3). The recombinant strain displayed good 3-cyanopyridine degradation efficiency and wide substrate spectrum. This fungal nitrilase might be a potential candidate for industrial applications in carboxylic acids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products Processing Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Song Shi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products Processing Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Biochemical basis of mercury remediation and bioaccumulation by Enterobacter sp. EMB21. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23179279 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to isolate metal bioaccumulating bacterial strains and to study their applications in removal of environmental problematic heavy metals like mercury. Five bacterial strains belonging to genera Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas were isolated from oil-spilled soil. Among these, one of the strains Enterobacter sp. EMB21 showed mercury bioaccumulation inside the cells simultaneous to its bioremediation. The bioaccumulation of remediated mercury was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. The mercury-resistant loci in the Enterobacter sp. EMB21 cells were plasmid-mediated as confirmed by transformation of mercury-sensitive Escherichia coli DH5α by Enterobacter sp. EMB21 plasmid. Effect of different culture parameters viz-a-viz inoculum size, pH, carbon, and nitrogen source revealed that alkaline pH and presence of dextrose and yeast extract favored better remediation. The results indicated the usefulness of Enterobacter sp. EMB21 for the effective remediation of mercury in bioaccumulated form. The Enterobacter sp. EMB21 seems promising for heavy metal remediation wherein the remediated metal can be trapped inside the cells. The process can further be developed for the synthesis of valuable high-end functional alloy, nanoparticles, or metal conjugates from the metal being remediated.
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Gong JS, Lu ZM, Li H, Shi JS, Zhou ZM, Xu ZH. Nitrilases in nitrile biocatalysis: recent progress and forthcoming research. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:142. [PMID: 23106943 PMCID: PMC3537687 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, nitrilases have drawn considerable attention because of their application in nitrile degradation as prominent biocatalysts. Nitrilases are derived from bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and plants. In-depth investigations on their natural sources function mechanisms, enzyme structure, screening pathways, and biocatalytic properties have been conducted. Moreover, the immobilization, purification, gene cloning and modifications of nitrilase have been dwelt upon. Some nitrilases are used commercially as biofactories for carboxylic acids production, waste treatment, and surface modification. This critical review summarizes the current status of nitrilase research, and discusses a number of challenges and significant attempts in its further development. Nitrilase is a significant and promising biocatalyst for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Petříčková A, Sosedov O, Baum S, Stolz A, Martínková L. Influence of point mutations near the active site on the catalytic properties of fungal arylacetonitrilases from Aspergillus niger and Neurospora crassa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Petříčková A, Veselá AB, Kaplan O, Kubáč D, Uhnáková B, Malandra A, Felsberg J, Rinágelová A, Weyrauch P, Křen V, Bezouška K, Martínková L. Purification and characterization of heterologously expressed nitrilases from filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1553-61. [PMID: 21892598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrilases from Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88, A. niger K10, Gibberella moniliformis, Neurospora crassa OR74A, and Penicillium marneffei ATCC 18224 were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Gold (DE3) after IPTG induction. N. crassa nitrilase exhibited the highest yield of 69,000 U L(-1) culture. Co-expression of chaperones (GroEL/ES in G. moniliformis and P. marneffei; GroEL/ES and trigger factor in N. crassa and A. niger CBS 513.88) enhanced the enzyme solubility. Specific activities of strains expressing the former two enzymes increased approximately fourfold upon co-expression of GroEL/ES. The enzyme from G. moniliformis (co-purified with GroEL) preferred benzonitrile as substrate (K(m) of 0.41 mM, V(max) of 9.7 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein). The P. marneffei enzyme (unstable in its purified state) exhibited the highest V(max) of 7.3 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein in cell-free extract, but also a high K(m) of 15.4 mM, for 4-cyanopyridine. The purified nitrilases from A. niger CBS 513.88 and N. crassa acted preferentially on phenylacetonitrile (K(m) of 3.4 and 2.0 mM, respectively; V(max) of 10.6 and 17.5 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively), and hydrolyzed also (R,S)-mandelonitrile with higher K(m) values. Significant amounts of amides were only formed by the G. moniliformis nitrilase from phenylacetonitrile and 4-cyanopyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Petříčková
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Prague, Czech Republic
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