1
|
Fall AKDJ, Dechavanne C, Sabbagh A, Garcia A, Courtin D, Migot-Nabias F. Combined polymorphisms involving the IgG heavy chain and fc gamma receptors among Fulani and non-Fulani in Benin: Implications for the natural protection of young Fulani against plasmodium. Falciparum malaria infections. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105461. [PMID: 37269963 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A decreased susceptibility of Fulani populations to malaria infections has been shown in Africa. A previous longitudinal cohort study conducted in the Atacora region of northern Benin showed a high merozoite-phagocytosis capacity in young Fulani. Here, we explored the combined polymorphisms in the constant region of the IgG3 heavy chain (presence/absence of the G3m6 allotype) and in Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) as potentially involved in the natural protection against malaria of young Fulani in Benin. An active malaria follow-up was conducted among individuals from Fulani, Bariba, Otamari and Gando ethnic groups living in sympatry in Atacora, over the full malaria transmission season. FcγRIIA 131R/H (rs1801274), FcγRIIC C/T (rs3933769) and FcγRIIIA 176F/V (rs396991) were determined using the TaqMan method; FcγRIIIB NA1/NA2 was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using allele-specific primers and G3m6 using allotype by PCR-RFLP. Individual carriage of G3m6 (+) was associated with an increased risk of Pf malaria infection (logistic multivariate regression model (lmrm), IRR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.06;4.74, P = 0.034). Combined haplotype G3m6 (+) - FcγRIIA 131H - FcγRIIC T - FcγRIIIA 176F - FcγRIIIB NA2 was also associated with an increased risk of Pf malaria infection (lmrm, IRR = 13.01, 95% CI = 1.69;99.76, P = 0.014). G3m6 (-), FcγRIIA 131R and FcγRIIIB NA1 were more prevalent in young Fulani (P = 0.002, P < 0.001 and P = 0.049, respectively), while no Fulani presented the combined G3m6 (+) - FcγRIIA 131H - FcγRIIC T - FcγRIIIA 176F - FcγRIIIB NA2 haplotype that was carried by a majority of infected children. Our results highlight the combined factors G3m6 - FcγR as potentially involved in the merozoite-phagocytosis capacity and in the natural protection of young Fulani individuals against P. falciparum malaria in Benin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Célia Dechavanne
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, UMR261, MERIT, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, UMR261, MERIT, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, UMR261, MERIT, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - David Courtin
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, UMR261, MERIT, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogier E, Nace D, Dimbu PR, Wakeman B, Beeson JG, Drakeley C, Tetteh K, Plucinski M. Antibody dynamics in children with first or repeat Plasmodium falciparum infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869028. [PMID: 35928289 PMCID: PMC9343764 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) production during and after infection with Plasmodium parasites is one of the greatest adaptive immune defenses the human host has against this parasite. Infection with P. falciparum has been shown to induce different B cell maturation responses dependent upon the age of the patient, number of previous exposures, and severity of the disease. Described here are dynamics of Ig responses to a panel of 32 P. falciparum antigens by patients followed for 42 days and classified individuals as showing characteristics of an apparent first P. falciparum infection (naïve) or a repeat exposure (non-naïve). Six parameters were modeled to characterize the dynamics of IgM, IgG1, IgG3, and IgA for these two exposure groups with differences assessed among Ig isotypes/subclasses and unique antigens. Naïve patients had significantly longer periods of time to reach peak Ig titer (range 4–7 days longer) and lower maximum Ig titers when compared with non-naïve patients. Modeled time to seronegativity was significantly higher in non-naïve patients for IgM and IgA, but not for the two IgG subclasses. IgG1 responses to Rh2030, HSP40, and PfAMA1 were at the highest levels for non-naïve participants and may be used to predict previous or nascent exposure by themselves. The analyses presented here demonstrate the differences in the development of the Ig response to P. falciparum if the infection represents a boosting response or a primary exposure. Consistency in Ig isotype/subclasses estimates and specific data for P. falciparum antigens can better guide interpretation of seroepidemiological data among symptomatic persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric Rogier,
| | - Doug Nace
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Brian Wakeman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Tetteh
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Plucinski
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suau R, Vidal M, Aguilar R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vázquez-Santiago M, Jairoce C, Nhabomba AJ, Gyan B, Dosoo D, Asante KP, Owusu-Agyei S, Campo JJ, Izquierdo L, Cavanagh D, Coppel RL, Chauhan V, Angov E, Dutta S, Gaur D, Beeson JG, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. RTS,S/AS01 E malaria vaccine induces IgA responses against CSP and vaccine-unrelated antigens in African children in the phase 3 trial. Vaccine 2020; 39:687-698. [PMID: 33358704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of immune responses to RTS,S/AS01 has traditionally focused on immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies that are only moderately associated with protection. The role of other antibody isotypes that could also contribute to vaccine efficacy remains unclear. Here we investigated whether RTS,S/AS01E elicits antigen-specific serum IgA antibodies to the vaccine and other malaria antigens, and we explored their association with protection. METHODS Ninety-five children (age 5-17 months old at first vaccination) from the RTS,S/AS01E phase 3 clinical trial who received 3 doses of RTS,S/AS01E or a comparator vaccine were selected for IgA quantification 1 month post primary immunization. Two sites with different malaria transmission intensities (MTI) and clinical malaria cases and controls, were included. Measurements of IgA against different constructs of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) vaccine antigen and 16 vaccine-unrelated Plasmodium falciparum antigens were performed using a quantitative suspension array assay. RESULTS RTS,S vaccination induced a 1.2 to 2-fold increase in levels of serum/plasma IgA antibodies to all CSP constructs, which was not observed upon immunization with a comparator vaccine. The IgA response against 13 out of 16 vaccine-unrelated P. falciparum antigens also increased after vaccination, and levels were higher in recipients of RTS,S than in comparators. IgA levels to malaria antigens before vaccination were more elevated in the high MTI than the low MTI site. No statistically significant association of IgA with protection was found in exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS RTS,S/AS01E induces IgA responses in peripheral blood against CSP vaccine antigens and other P. falciparum vaccine-unrelated antigens, similar to what we previously showed for IgG responses. Collectively, data warrant further investigation of the potential contribution of vaccine-induced IgA responses to efficacy and any possible interplay, either synergistic or antagonistic, with protective IgG, as identifying mediators of protection by RTS,S/AS01E immunization is necessary for the design of improved second-generation vaccines. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT008666191.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Miquel Vázquez-Santiago
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Augusto J Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ben Gyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - David Dosoo
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana.
| | | | - Seth Owusu-Agyei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana; Disease Control Department. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph J Campo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - David Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Ross L Coppel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Virander Chauhan
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Deepak Gaur
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Laboratory of Malaria and Vaccine Research, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153 CEK Building, E-08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929 Maputo, Mozambique.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fall AKDJ, Dechavanne C, Sabbagh A, Guitard E, Milet J, Garcia A, Dugoujon JM, Courtin D, Migot-Nabias F. Susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: Influence of Combined Polymorphisms of IgG3 Gm Allotypes and Fc Gamma Receptors IIA, IIIA, and IIIB. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608016. [PMID: 33424858 PMCID: PMC7786284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of immunoglobulin (Ig) to Fc gamma receptors (FcgR) at the immune cell surface is an important step to initiate immunological defense against malaria. However, polymorphisms in receptors and/or constant regions of the IgG heavy chains may modulate this binding. Here, we investigated whether polymorphisms located in FcgR and constant regions of the heavy chain of IgG are associated with susceptibility to P. falciparum malaria. For this purpose, a clinical and parasitological follow-up on malaria was conducted among 656 infants in southern Benin. G3m allotypes (from total IgG3) were determined by a serological method of hemagglutination inhibition. FcgRIIA 131R/H and FcgRIIIA 176F/V genotypes were determined using the TaqMan method and FcgRIIIB NA1/NA2 genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific primers. Association analyses between the number of malaria infections during the follow-up and polymorphisms in IgG G3m allotypes and FcgR were studied independently by zero inflated binomial negative regression. The influence of combinations of G3m allotypes and FcgRIIA/FcgRIIIA/FcgRIIIB polymorphisms on the number of P. falciparum infections, and their potential interaction with environmental exposure to malaria was assessed by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. Results showed that individual carriage of G3m24 single allotype and of G3m5,6,10,11,13,14,24 phenotype was independently associated with a high risk of malaria infection. A risk effect for G3m6 was observed only under high environmental exposure. FcgRIIIA 176VV single genotype and combined carriage of FcgRIIA 131RH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA1NA2, FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176FF/FcgRIIIB NA1NA1, FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA2NA2 and FcgRIIA 131HH/FcgRIIIA 176VV/FcgRIIIB NA1NA2 genotypes were related to a high number of malaria infections. The risk was accentuated for FcgRIIIA 176VV when considering the influence of environmental exposure to malaria. Finally, the GMDR analysis including environmental exposure showed strengthened associations with a malaria risk when FcgRIIA/FcgRIIIA/FcgRIIIB genotypes were combined to G3m5,6,11,24 and G3m5,6,10,11,13,15,24 phenotypes or G3m10 and G3m13 single allotypes. Our results highlight the relevance of studying IgG heavy chain and FcgR polymorphisms, independently as well as in combination, in relation to the individual susceptibility to P. falciparum infection. The intensity of individual exposure to mosquito bites was demonstrated to impact the relationships found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celia Dechavanne
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Guitard
- CNRS UMR 5288 Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacqueline Milet
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- CNRS UMR 5288 Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - David Courtin
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Florence Migot-Nabias
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maurer MA, Meyer L, Bianchi M, Turner HL, Le NPL, Steck M, Wyrzucki A, Orlowski V, Ward AB, Crispin M, Hangartner L. Glycosylation of Human IgA Directly Inhibits Influenza A and Other Sialic-Acid-Binding Viruses. Cell Rep 2019; 23:90-99. [PMID: 29617676 PMCID: PMC5905402 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays an important role in protecting our mucosal surfaces from viral infection, in maintaining a balance with the commensal bacterial flora, and in extending maternal immunity via breast feeding. Here, we report an additional innate immune effector function of human IgA molecules in that we demonstrate that the C-terminal tail unique to IgA molecules interferes with cell-surface attachment of influenza A and other enveloped viruses that use sialic acid as a receptor. This antiviral activity is mediated by sialic acid found in the complex N-linked glycans at position 459. Antiviral activity was observed even in the absence of classical antibody binding via the antigen binding sites. Our data, therefore, show that the C-terminal tail of IgA subtypes provides an innate line of defense against viruses that use sialic acid as a receptor and the role of neuraminidases present on these virions. Heterosubtypic IgA1 or IgA2 antibodies neutralize virus much more potently than IgG1 Sialic acid in IgA’s C-terminal tail competes with viral receptor binding This may represent an innate line of defense against viral pathogens
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Maurer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Meyer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Ngoc P L Le
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Marco Steck
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Wyrzucki
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Orlowski
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwenti TE, Kukwah TA, Kwenti TDB, Nyassa BR, Dilonga MH, Enow-Orock G, Tendongfor N, Anong ND, Wanji S, Njunda LA, Nkuo-Akenji T. Comparative analysis of IgG and IgG subclasses against Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 19 in children from five contrasting bioecological zones of Cameroon. Malar J 2019; 18:16. [PMID: 30670064 PMCID: PMC6341684 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies reporting the natural immune responses against malaria in children from different geographical settings in endemic areas are not readily available. This study was aimed at comparing the immune responses against Plasmodium falciparum MSP-119 antigen in children from five contrasting bioecological zones in Cameroon. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, children between 2 and 15 years, were enrolled from five ecological strata including the south Cameroonian equatorial forest, sudano-sahelian, high inland plateau, high western plateau, and the coastal strata. The children were screened for clinical malaria (defined by malaria parasitaemia ≥ 5000 parasites/µl plus axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C). Their antibody responses were measured against P. falciparum MSP-119 antigen using standard ELISA technique. Results In all, 415 children comprising 217 (52.3%) males participated. Total IgG and IgG1–IgG4 titres were observed to increase with age in all the strata except in the sudano-sahelian and high inland plateau strata. Total IgG and IgG1–IgG4 titres were significantly higher in the coastal strata and lowest in the high inland plateau (for IgG1 and IgG2) and sudano-sahelian strata (for IgG3 and IgG4). Titres of the cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3) were significantly higher than the non-cytophilic antibodies (IgG2 and IgG4) in all the strata except in the sudano-sahelian and high inland plateau strata. Total IgG and IgG subclass titres were significantly higher in children positive for clinical malaria compared to negative children in all study sites except in the high western plateau and coastal (for IgG1 and IgG3), and the sudano-sahelian strata (for all antibodies). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between parasite density and IgG2 or IgG4 titres in all study sites except in the south Cameroonian equatorial forest and sudano-sahelian strata. Conclusions This study showed that antibody responses against MSP-119 vary considerably in children from the different bioecological strata in Cameroon and could be linked to the differential exposure to malaria in the different strata. Furthermore, the rate of antibody acquisition was not observed to increase in an age-dependent manner in low transmission settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2654-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon. .,Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon. .,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon. .,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.
| | - Tufon Anthony Kukwah
- Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Tayong Dizzle Bita Kwenti
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Babila Raymond Nyassa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Meriki Henry Dilonga
- Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - George Enow-Orock
- Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Nicholas Tendongfor
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Nota Damian Anong
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Longdoh Anna Njunda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Theresa Nkuo-Akenji
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Neutrophils are abundant in the circulation and are one of the immune system's first lines of defense against infection. There has been substantial work carried out investigating the role of neutrophils in malaria and it is clear that during infection neutrophils are activated and are capable of clearing malaria parasites by a number of mechanisms. This review focuses on neutrophil responses to human malarias, summarizing evidence which helps us understand where neutrophils are, what they are doing, how they interact with parasites as well as their potential role in vaccine mediated immunity. We also outline future research priorities for these, the most abundant of leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agersew Alemu
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hill DL, Schofield L, Wilson DW. IgG opsonization of merozoites: multiple immune mechanisms for malaria vaccine development. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:585-595. [PMID: 28668325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global eradication of the human-infecting malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the major cause of malaria mortality, is unlikely to be achieved without an effective vaccine. However, our limited understanding of how protective immune responses target malaria parasites in humans, and how to best elicit these immune responses through vaccination, has hampered vaccine development. The red blood cell invading stage of the parasite lifecycle (merozoite) displays antigens that are attractive vaccine candidates as they are accessible to antibodies and raise high antibody titres in naturally immune individuals. The number of merozoite antigens that elicit an immune response, and their structural and functional diversity, has led to a large number of lead antigens being pursued as vaccine candidates. Despite being seemingly spoilt for choice in terms of vaccine candidates, there is still a lack of consensus on exactly how merozoite antibodies reduce parasitemia and malaria disease. In this review we describe the various immune mechanisms that can result from IgG opsonization of merozoites, and highlight recent developments that support a role for these functional antibodies in naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danika L Hill
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Louis Schofield
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Danny W Wilson
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hart F, Danielczyk A, Goletz S. Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020042. [PMID: 28952521 PMCID: PMC5590476 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. However, IgA production and purification is not well established, which can at least in part be attributed to the more complex glycosylation as compared to IgG antibodies. IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen–Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hart
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Street 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Antje Danielczyk
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Street 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Street 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Munde EO, Okeyo WA, Raballah E, Anyona SB, Were T, Ong'echa JM, Perkins DJ, Ouma C. Association between Fcγ receptor IIA, IIIA and IIIB genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe malaria anemia in children in western Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:289. [PMID: 28427365 PMCID: PMC5397742 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naturally-acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria develops after several episodes of infection. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) bind to immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and mediate phagocytosis of opsonized microbes, thereby, linking humoral and cellular immunity. FcγR polymorphisms influence binding affinity to IgGs and consequently, can influence clinical malaria outcomes. Specifically, variations in FcγRIIA -131Arg/His, FcγRIIIA-176F/V and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 modulate immune responses through altered binding preferences to IgGs and immune complexes. Differential binding, in turn, changes ability of immune cells to respond to infection through production of inflammatory mediators during P. falciparum infection. Methods We determined the association between haplotypes of FcγRIIA-131Arg/His, FcγRIIIA-176F/V and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 variants and severe malarial anemia (SMA; hemoglobin < 6.0 g/dL, any density parasitemia) in children (n = 274; aged 6–36 months) presenting for their first hospital visit with P. falciparum malaria in a holoendemic transmission region of western Kenya. FcγRIIA-131Arg/His and FcγRIIIA-176F/V genotypes were determined using TaqMan® SNP genotyping, while FcγRIIIBNA1/NA2 genotypes were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Hematological and parasitological indices were measured in all study participants. Results Carriage of FcγRIIA-131Arg/FcγRIIIA-176F/FcγRIIIBNA2 haplotype was associated with susceptibility to SMA (OR = 1.70; 95% CI; 1.02–2.93; P = 0.036), while the FcγRIIA-131His/ FcγRIIIA-176F/ FcγRIIIB NA1 haplotype was marginally associated with enhanced susceptibility to SMA (OR: 1.80, 95% CI; 0.98–3.30, P = 0.057) and higher levels of parasitemia (P = 0.009). Individual genotypes of FcγRIIA-131Arg/His, FcγRIIIA-176F/V and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 were not associated with susceptibility to SMA. Conclusion The study revealed that haplotypes of FcγRs are important in conditioning susceptibility to SMA in immune-naive children from P. falciparum holoendemic region of western Kenya. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2390-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elly O Munde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Winnie A Okeyo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Tom Were
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - John M Ong'echa
- University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Centre, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico/KEMRI Laboratories of Parasitic and Viral Diseases, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Centre, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya. .,Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya. .,African Institute for Development Policy, Nairobi, Kenya.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Joos C, Varela ML, Mbengue B, Mansourou A, Marrama L, Sokhna C, Tall A, Trape JF, Touré A, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Perraut R. Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1p19 malaria vaccine candidate induce antibody-dependent respiratory burst in human neutrophils. Malar J 2015; 14:409. [PMID: 26471813 PMCID: PMC4608189 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of plasmodial antigens targeted by protective immune mechanisms is important for malaria vaccine development. Among functional assays, the neutrophil antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) induced by opsonized Plasmodium falciparum merozoites has been correlated with acquired immunity to clinical malaria in endemic areas, but the target merozoite antigens are unknown. Here, the contribution of antibodies to the conserved C-terminal domain of the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (PfMSP1p19) in mediating ADRB was investigated in sera from individuals living in two Senegalese villages with differing malaria endemicity. Methods Anti-PfMSP1p19 antibody levels in sera from 233 villagers were investigated and the involvement of anti-PfMSP1p19 antibodies in ADRB was explored in a subset of samples using (1) isogenic P. falciparum parasite clones expressing P. falciparum or Plasmodium chabaudi MSP1p19; (2) PfMSP1p19-coated plaque ADRB; and, (3) ADRB triggering using sera depleted from PfMSP1p19 antibodies by absorption onto the baculovirus recombinant antigen. Results ADRB activity correlated with anti-PfMSP1p19 IgG levels (P < 10−3). A substantial contribution of PfMSP1p19 antibody responses to ADRB was confirmed (P < 10−4) in an age-adjusted linear regression model. PfMSP1p19 antibodies accounted for 33.1 % (range 7–54 %) and 33.2 % (range 0–70 %) of ADRB activity evaluated using isogenic merozoites (P < 10−3) and depleted sera (P = 0.0017), respectively. Coating of PfMSP1p19 on plates induced strong ADRB in anti-PfMSP1p19-positive sera. Conclusion These data show that naturally acquired P. falciparum MSP1p19 antibodies are potent inducers of neutrophil ADRB and support the development of PfMSP1p19-based malaria vaccine using ADRB assay as a functional surrogate for protection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0935-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Joos
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. .,Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | - Babacar Mbengue
- Unité d'Immunogénétique/UCAD, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Laurence Marrama
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Aissatou Touré
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Ronald Perraut
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Llewellyn D, Miura K, Fay MP, Williams AR, Murungi LM, Shi J, Hodgson SH, Douglas AD, Osier FH, Fairhurst RM, Diakite M, Pleass RJ, Long CA, Draper SJ. Standardization of the antibody-dependent respiratory burst assay with human neutrophils and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14081. [PMID: 26373337 PMCID: PMC4571651 DOI: 10.1038/srep14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of naturally-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity to blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria is of long-standing interest. However, the field has suffered from a paucity of in vitro assays that reproducibly measure the anti-parasitic activity induced by antibodies in conjunction with immune cells. Here we optimize the antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) assay, which assesses the ability of antibodies to activate the release of reactive oxygen species from human neutrophils in response to P. falciparum blood-stage parasites. We focus particularly on assay parameters affecting serum preparation and concentration, and importantly assess reproducibility. Our standardized protocol involves testing each serum sample in singlicate with three independent neutrophil donors, and indexing responses against a standard positive control of pooled hyper-immune Kenyan sera. The protocol can be used to quickly screen large cohorts of samples from individuals enrolled in immuno-epidemiological studies or clinical vaccine trials, and requires only 6 μL of serum per sample. Using a cohort of 86 samples, we show that malaria-exposed individuals induce higher ADRB activity than malaria-naïve individuals. The development of the ADRB assay complements the use of cell-independent assays in blood-stage malaria, such as the assay of growth inhibitory activity, and provides an important standardized cell-based assay in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Llewellyn
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Michael P. Fay
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Linda M. Murungi
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Susanne H. Hodgson
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexander D. Douglas
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Faith H. Osier
- KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Rick M. Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Richard J. Pleass
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Simon J. Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Assessment of humoral immune responses to blood-stage malaria antigens following ChAd63-MVA immunization, controlled human malaria infection and natural exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107903. [PMID: 25254500 PMCID: PMC4177865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of protective vaccines against many difficult infectious pathogens will necessitate the induction of effective antibody responses. Here we assess humoral immune responses against two antigens from the blood-stage merozoite of the Plasmodium falciparum human malaria parasite--MSP1 and AMA1. These antigens were delivered to healthy malaria-naïve adult volunteers in Phase Ia clinical trials using recombinant replication-deficient viral vectors--ChAd63 to prime the immune response and MVA to boost. In subsequent Phase IIa clinical trials, immunized volunteers underwent controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with P. falciparum to assess vaccine efficacy, whereby all but one volunteer developed low-density blood-stage parasitemia. Here we assess serum antibody responses against both the MSP1 and AMA1 antigens following i) ChAd63-MVA immunization, ii) immunization and CHMI, and iii) primary malaria exposure in the context of CHMI in unimmunized control volunteers. Responses were also assessed in a cohort of naturally-immune Kenyan adults to provide comparison with those induced by a lifetime of natural malaria exposure. Serum antibody responses against MSP1 and AMA1 were characterized in terms of i) total IgG responses before and after CHMI, ii) responses to allelic variants of MSP1 and AMA1, iii) functional growth inhibitory activity (GIA), iv) IgG avidity, and v) isotype responses (IgG1-4, IgA and IgM). These data provide the first in-depth assessment of the quality of adenovirus-MVA vaccine-induced antibody responses in humans, along with assessment of how these responses are modulated by subsequent low-density parasite exposure. Notable differences were observed in qualitative aspects of the human antibody responses against these malaria antigens depending on the means of their induction and/or exposure of the host to the malaria parasite. Given the continued clinical development of viral vectored vaccines for malaria and a range of other diseases targets, these data should help to guide further immuno-monitoring studies of vaccine-induced human antibody responses.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kapelski S, Klockenbring T, Fischer R, Barth S, Fendel R. Assessment of the neutrophilic antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) response to Plasmodium falciparum. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1131-42. [PMID: 25118179 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0614-283rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-immunity against Pf malaria is based on a combination of cellular and humoral immune responses. PMNs and IgGs are considered important components of this process, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the neutrophilic ADRB by analyzing the production of ROS in response to Pf antigen-specific IgGs bound to solid-phase immobilized antigens (sADRB) or whole merozoites (mADRB). We found that the PMN stimulations in each assay were based on different underlying mechanisms, demonstrating the importance of the assay set-up for the evaluation of antibody-triggered PMN responses. In the sADRB assay, ROS were produced externally, and by specific blocking of CD32(a)/FcγRII(a), the immediate neutrophilic response was abolished, whereas the removal of CD16(b)/FcγRIII(b) had no substantial effect. The key role of CD32(a) was confirmed using CD16(b)-deficient PMNs, in which similar changes of neutrophilic ADRB profiles were recorded after treatment. In the mADRB assay, ROS were produced almost exclusively within the cell, suggesting that the underlying mechanism was phagocytosis. This was confirmed using an additional phagocytosis assay, in which PMNs specifically ingested merozoites opsonized with Ghanaian plasma IgGs, seven times more often than merozoites opsonized with European plasma IgGs (P<0.001). Our data show that assay set-ups used to evaluate the responses of PMNs and perhaps other effector cells must be chosen carefully to evaluate the appropriate cellular responses. Our robust, stable, and well-characterized methods could therefore be useful in malaria vaccine studies to analyze the antimalarial effector function of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kapelski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany; and
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany; and
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Applied Medical Engineering at Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University and Hospital, Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harris NL, Pleass R, Behnke JM. Understanding the role of antibodies in murine infections with Heligmosomoides (polygyrus) bakeri: 35 years ago, now and 35 years ahead. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:115-24. [PMID: 23889357 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rodent intestinal nematode H.p.bakeri has played an important role in the exploration of the host-parasite relationship of chronic nematode infections for over six decades, since the parasite was first isolated in the 1950s by Ehrenford. It soon became a popular laboratory model providing a tractable experimental system that is easy to maintain in the laboratory and far more cost-effective than other laboratory nematode-rodent model systems. Immunity to this parasite is complex, dependent on antibodies, but confounded by the parasite's potent immunosuppressive secretions that facilitate chronic survival in murine hosts. In this review, we remind readers of the state of knowledge in the 1970s, when the first volume of Parasite Immunology was published, focusing on the role of antibodies in protective immunity. We show how our understanding of the host-parasite relationship then developed over the following 35 years to date, we propose testable hypotheses for future researchers to tackle, and we speculate on how the new technologies will be applied to enable an increasingly refined understanding of the role of antibodies in host-protective immunity, and its evasion, to be achieved in the longer term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Global Health Institute and Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, École Polytechnique Fédèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Llewellyn D, de Cassan SC, Williams AR, Douglas AD, Forbes EK, Adame-Gallegos JR, Shi J, Pleass RJ, Draper SJ. Assessment of antibody-dependent respiratory burst activity from mouse neutrophils on Plasmodium yoelii malaria challenge outcome. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:369-82. [PMID: 24163420 PMCID: PMC3896657 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0513274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New tools are required to expedite the development of an effective vaccine against the blood-stage infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This work describes the assessment of the ADRB assay in a mouse model, characterizing the functional interaction between antimalarial serum antibodies and FcRs upon neutrophils. We describe a reproducible, antigen-specific assay, dependent on functional FcR signaling, and show that ADRB activity is induced equally by IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes and is modulated by blocking FcR function. However, following immunization of mice with the blood-stage vaccine candidate antigen MSP142, no measurable ADRB activity was induced against PEMS and neither was vaccine efficacy modulated against Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage challenge in γ(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. In contrast, following a primary, nonlethal P. yoelii parasite challenge, serum from vaccinated mice and nonimmunized controls showed anti-PEMS ADRB activity. Upon secondary challenge, nonimmunized γ(-/-) mice showed a reduced ability to control blood-stage parasitemia compared with immunized γ(-/-) mice; however, WT mice, depleted of their neutrophils, did not lose their ability to control infection. Thus, whereas neutrophil-induced ADRB against PEMS does not appear to play a role in protection against P. yoelii rodent malaria, induction of ADRB activity after challenge suggests that antigen targets of anti-PEMS ADRB activity remain to be established, as well as further supporting the observation that ADRB activity to P. falciparum arises following repeated natural exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Llewellyn
- 1.University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goodman AL, Forbes EK, Williams AR, Douglas AD, de Cassan SC, Bauza K, Biswas S, Dicks MDJ, Llewellyn D, Moore AC, Janse CJ, Franke-Fayard BM, Gilbert SC, Hill AVS, Pleass RJ, Draper SJ. The utility of Plasmodium berghei as a rodent model for anti-merozoite malaria vaccine assessment. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1706. [PMID: 23609325 PMCID: PMC3632886 DOI: 10.1038/srep01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent malaria species Plasmodium yoelii and P. chabaudi have been widely used to validate vaccine approaches targeting blood-stage merozoite antigens. However, increasing data suggest the P. berghei rodent malaria may be able to circumvent vaccine-induced anti-merozoite responses. Here we confirm a failure to protect against P. berghei, despite successful antibody induction against leading merozoite antigens using protein-in-adjuvant or viral vectored vaccine delivery. No subunit vaccine approach showed efficacy in mice following immunization and challenge with the wild-type P. berghei strains ANKA or NK65, or against a chimeric parasite line encoding a merozoite antigen from P. falciparum. Protection was not improved in knockout mice lacking the inhibitory Fc receptor CD32b, nor against a Δsmac P. berghei parasite line with a non-sequestering phenotype. An improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for protection, or failure of protection, against P. berghei merozoites could guide the development of an efficacious vaccine against P. falciparum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Goodman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Czajkowsky DM, Hu J, Shao Z, Pleass RJ. Fc-fusion proteins: new developments and future perspectives. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:1015-28. [PMID: 22837174 PMCID: PMC3491832 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first description in 1989 of CD4-Fc-fusion antagonists that inhibit human immune deficiency virus entry into T cells, Fc-fusion proteins have been intensely investigated for their effectiveness to curb a range of pathologies, with several notable recent successes coming to market. These promising outcomes have stimulated the development of novel approaches to improve their efficacy and safety, while also broadening their clinical remit to other uses such as vaccines and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. This increased attention has also led to non-clinical applications of Fc-fusions, such as affinity reagents in microarray devices. Here we discuss recent results and more generally applicable strategies to improve Fc-fusion proteins for each application, with particular attention to the newer, less charted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Czajkowsky
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adame-Gallegos JR, Shi J, McIntosh RS, Pleass RJ. The generation and evaluation of two panels of epitope-matched mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies specific for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1-19 (MSP1(19)). Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:384-93. [PMID: 22343045 PMCID: PMC3336205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays an important role in mediating protective immune responses to malaria. We still know relatively little about which IgG subclasses protect against this disease in mouse models, although IgG2a and IgG2b are considered to be the most potent and dominate in successful passive transfer experiments in rodent malarias. To explore the mechanism(s) by which the different mouse IgG subclasses may mediate a protective effect, we generated mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 specific for the C-terminal 19-kDa region of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP119), and to the homologous antigen from Plasmodium yoelii (P. yoelii), both major targets of protective immune responses. This panel of eight IgGs bound antigen with an affinity comparable to that seen for their epitope-matched parental monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from which they were derived, although for reasons of yield, we were only able to explore the function of mouse IgG1 recognizing PfMSP119 in detail, both in vitro and in vivo. Murine IgG1 was as effective as the parental human IgG from which it was derived at inducing NADPH-mediated oxidative bursts and degranulation from neutrophils. Despite showing efficacy in in vitro functional assays with neutrophils, the mouse IgG1 failed to protect against parasite challenge in vivo. The lack of protection afforded by MSP119-specific IgG1 against parasite challenge in wild type mice suggests that this Ab class does not play a major role in the control of infection with mouse malaria in the Plasmodium berghei transgenic model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R Adame-Gallegos
- Lab C4, Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|