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Fang S, Shang X, He Q, Li W, Song X, Zhang B, Guo W. A cell wall-localized β-1,3-glucanase promotes fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall deposition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:106-123. [PMID: 37427813 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanase functions in plant physiological and developmental processes. However, how β-1,3-glucanase participates in cell wall development remains largely unknown. Here, we answered this question by examining the role of GhGLU18, a β-1,3-glucanase, in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers, in which the content of β-1,3-glucan changes dynamically from 10% of the cell wall mass at the onset of secondary wall deposition to <1% at maturation. GhGLU18 was specifically expressed in cotton fiber with higher expression in late fiber elongation and secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis stages. GhGLU18 largely localized to the cell wall and was able to hydrolyze β-1,3-glucan in vitro. Overexpression of GhGLU18 promoted polysaccharide accumulation, cell wall reconstruction, and cellulose synthesis, which led to increased fiber length and strength with thicker cell walls and shorter pitch of the fiber helix. However, GhGLU18-suppressed cotton resulted in opposite phenotypes. Additionally, GhGLU18 was directly activated by GhFSN1 (fiber SCW-related NAC1), a NAC transcription factor reported previously as the master regulator in SCW formation during fiber development. Our results demonstrate that cell wall-localized GhGLU18 promotes fiber elongation and SCW thickening by degrading callose and enhancing polysaccharide metabolism and cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Gębarowski T, Wiatrak B, Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska I, Grajzer M, Prescha A. Oils from Transgenic Flax Lines as Potential Chemopreventive Agents in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2592. [PMID: 37761033 PMCID: PMC10527327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major global health concern, and the need for effective chemopreventive agents is paramount. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oils from transgenically modified flax for the prevention of colorectal cancer, in relation to the oil concertation. Flaxseed oils were obtained from traditional (Nike) and genetically modified flax lines (M and B). Cell viability assays were performed on various cancer cell lines, including colon adenocarcinoma cells. Flaxseed oil B exhibited the strongest anti-proliferative properties compared to the reference drugs and other oils. Additionally, M and B oils showed enhanced accumulation of Rhodamine 123 and increased apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. M oil exhibited the highest levels of p53 protein. Notably, the tested transgenic oils did not induce metastasis and displayed stronger inhibition of COX-1 compared to COX-2. These data indicate the utility of flaxseed oils, especially from the M line, as adjuvants in colorectal cancer treatment, targeting the colon specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, The Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Grajzer
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (A.P.)
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3
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Mierziak J, Wojtasik W, Kulma A, Żuk M, Grajzer M, Boba A, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Szperlik J, Szopa J. Overexpression of Bacterial Beta-Ketothiolase Improves Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Retting and Changes the Fibre Properties. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030437. [PMID: 36984877 PMCID: PMC10052753 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-ketothiolases are involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the metabolism of hormones, benzenoids, and hydroxybutyrate. The expression of bacterial beta-ketothiolase in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) results in an increase in endogenous beta-ketothiolase mRNA levels and beta-hydroxybutyrate content. In the present work, the effect of overexpression of beta-ketothiolase on retting and stem and fibre composition of flax plants is presented. The content of the components was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and biochemical methods. Changes in the stem cell walls, especially in the lower lignin and pectin content, resulted in more efficient retting. The overexpression of beta-ketothiolase reduced the fatty acid and carotenoid contents in flax and affected the distribution of phenolic compounds between free and cell wall-bound components. The obtained fibres were characterized by a slightly lower content of phenolic compounds and changes in the composition of the cell wall. Based on the IR analysis, we concluded that the production of hydroxybutyrate reduced the cellulose crystallinity and led to the formation of shorter but more flexible cellulose chains, while not changing the content of the cell wall components. We speculate that the changes in chemical composition of the stems and fibres are the result of the regulatory properties of hydroxybutyrate. This provides us with a novel way to influence metabolic composition in agriculturally important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego Str. 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego Str. 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego Str. 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego Str. 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Grajzer
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 23, 50-525 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego Str. 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Li L, Li D, Liang Z, Cao Y, Hu T, Yang P. Proteomic Analysis of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots in Response to Rhizobium Nodulation and Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112004. [PMID: 36360241 PMCID: PMC9690670 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alfalfa is an important legume forage throughout the world. Although alfalfa is considered moderately tolerant to salinity, its production and nitrogen-fixing activity are greatly limited by salt stress. (2) Methods: We examined the physiological changes and proteomic profiles of alfalfa with active nodules (NA) and without nodules (NN) under NaCl treatment. (3) Results: Our data suggested that NA roots showed upregulation of the pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins and pathogenesis-related proteins), antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modification, acid phosphatases, and porin transport when compared with NN plants under salt stress conditions. NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress. Besides, NA roots displayed a net H+ influx and low level of K+ efflux under salt stress, which may enhance the salt tolerance of NA plants. (4) Conclusions: The rhizobium symbiosis conferred the host plant salt tolerance by regulating a series of physiological processes to enhance stress response, improve antioxidant ability and energy use efficiency, and maintain ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Le Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Danning Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuman Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Chavanke SN, Penna S, Dalvi SG. β-Glucan and its nanocomposites in sustainable agriculture and environment: an overview of mechanisms and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80062-80087. [PMID: 35641741 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucan is an eco-friendly, biodegradable, and economical biopolymer with important roles for acquiring adaptations to mitigate climate change in crop plants. β-Glucan plays a crucial role in the activation of functional plant innate immune system by triggering the downward signaling cascade/s, resulting in the accumulation of different pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense enzymes, Ca2+-influx as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Recent experimental studies have shown that β-glucan recognition is mediated by co-receptor LysMPRR (lysin motif pattern recognition receptor)-CERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1), LYK4, and LYK5 (LysM-containing receptor-like kinase), as well as different receptor systems in plants that could be plant species-specific and/or age and/or tissue-dependent. Transgenic overexpression of β-glucanase, chitinase, and/or in combination with other PR-proteins like cationic peroxidase, AP24,thaumatin-likeprotein 1 (TLP-1) has also been achieved for improving plant disease resistance in crop plants, but the transgenic methods have some ethical and environmental concerns. In this regard, elicitation of plant immunity using biopolymer like β-glucan and chitosan offers an economical, safe, and publicly acceptable method. The β-glucan and chitosan nanocomposites have proven to be useful for the activation of plant defense pathways and to enhance plant response/systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against broad types of plant pathogens and mitigating multiple stresses under the changing climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath N Chavanke
- Tissue Culture Section, Agri. Sci. & Tech. Dept., Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India
| | | | - Sunil Govind Dalvi
- Tissue Culture Section, Agri. Sci. & Tech. Dept., Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India.
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6
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Wang G, Dong Y, Stevanato P, Lv C, Liu Y, Cheng S, Geng G, Yu L, Wang Y. Growth status and physiological changes of sugar beet seedlings in response to acidic pH environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153771. [PMID: 36044811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important sugar crop that is popularly cultivated in a variety of agriculture conditions. Here, we studied sugar beet growth in different pH soils (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0) and analyzed their growth status and physiology. Sugar beet growth was best at pH 9.0 and worst at pH 5.0. As the soil pH decreased from 9.0 to 5.0, the osmoregulatory substances, antioxidant enzyme activity, and elemental contents in leaves and roots showed increasing trends, while photosynthesis and macronutrient contents showed decreasing trends. To explore the physiological mechanisms sugar beet use to respond to different pH environments, we analyzed the correlations between leaf net photosynthesis rate and physiological changes and nutrient contents of sugar beet. One of the factors inhibiting sugar beet growth in low pH soils was a reduction in photosynthetic capacity. The accumulation of osmoregulatory substances and increased peroxidative damage may have led to the decrease in leaf net photosynthesis rate. Furthermore, the decrease in nutrient content and accumulation of metal elements were correlated with the decrease in leaf photosynthetic rate. QRT-PCR analysis showed higher expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes in the leaves and roots of sugar beet grown in low pH environments compared to those in high pH environments. Correspondingly, antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly higher in beets in low pH environments than in beets in high pH environments. These results provide important insight into the physiological responses by which sugar beet can adapt to different pH soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yinzhuang Dong
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chunhua Lv
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shaochen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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7
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Planchon A, Durambur G, Besnier JB, Plasson C, Gügi B, Bernard S, Mérieau A, Trouvé JP, Dubois C, Laval K, Driouich A, Mollet JC, Gattin R. Effect of a Bacillus subtilis strain on flax protection against Fusarium oxysporum and its impact on the root and stem cell walls. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:304-322. [PMID: 32890441 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Normandy, flax is a plant of important economic interest because of its fibres. Fusarium oxysporum, a telluric fungus, is responsible for the major losses in crop yield and fibre quality. Several methods are currently used to limit the use of phytochemicals on crops. One of them is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) occurring naturally in the rhizosphere. PGPR are known to act as local antagonists to soil-borne pathogens and to enhance plant resistance by eliciting the induced systemic resistance (ISR). In this study, we first investigated the cell wall modifications occurring in roots and stems after inoculation with the fungus in two flax varieties. First, we showed that both varieties displayed different cell wall organization and that rapid modifications occurred in roots and stems after inoculation. Then, we demonstrated the efficiency of a Bacillus subtilis strain to limit Fusarium wilt on both varieties with a better efficiency for one of them. Finally, thermo-gravimetry was used to highlight that B. subtilis induced modifications of the stem properties, supporting a reinforcement of the cell walls. Our findings suggest that the efficiency and the mode of action of the PGPR B. subtilis is likely to be flax variety dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Planchon
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - unité Transformations & Agro-ressources, SFR NORVEGE, Mont Saint Aignan, France
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Besnier
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - unité Transformations & Agro-ressources, SFR NORVEGE, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, PRIMACEN (Plateforme de Recherche en IMAgerie CEllulaire de Normandie) IRIB, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Caroline Dubois
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, unité AGHYLE - UP 2018.C101, SFR NORVEGE, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Karine Laval
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, unité AGHYLE - UP 2018.C101, SFR NORVEGE, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, GlycoMEV, SFR NORVEGE, I2C Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Richard Gattin
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - unité Transformations & Agro-ressources, SFR NORVEGE, Mont Saint Aignan, France
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8
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Geng G, Wang G, Stevanato P, Lv C, Wang Q, Yu L, Wang Y. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of Different Molecular Mechanisms of Sugar Beet Response to Acidic and Alkaline pH Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682799. [PMID: 34178001 PMCID: PMC8220161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil pH is a major constraint to crop plant growth and production. Limited data are available on sugar beet growth status under different pH conditions. In this study, we analyzed the growth status and phenotype of sugar beet under pH 5, pH 7.5, and pH 9.5. It was found that the growth of sugar beet was best at pH 9.5 and worst at pH 5. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves and roots increased as pH decreased from 9.5 to 5. Moreover, compared with pH 9.5, the levels of soluble sugar and proline in leaves increased significantly at pH 5. To explore the mechanisms of sugar beet response to different soil pH environments, we hypothesized that proteins play an important role in plant response to acidic and alkaline pH environment. Thus, the proteome changes in sugar beet modulated by pH treatment were accessed by TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of three groups of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (pH 5 vs. pH 7.5, pH 9.5 vs. pH7.5 and pH 5 vs. pH 9.5) were identified in the leaves and roots of sugar beet. Several key proteins related to the difference of sugar beet response to acid (pH 5) and alkaline (pH 9.5) and involved in response to acid stress were detected and discussed. Moreover, based on proteomics results, QRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression levels of three N transporters (NTR1, NRT2.1, and NRT2.5) in roots were relatively high under alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) compared with pH 5 or pH 7.5. The total nitrogen content of pH 9.5 in sugar beet was significantly higher than that of pH 7.5 and pH 5. These studies increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of sugar beet response to different pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chunhua Lv
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuguang Wang,
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9
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Jaber R, Planchon A, Mathieu-Rivet E, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Zahid A, Plasson C, Pamlard O, Beaupierre S, Trouvé JP, Guillou C, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML, Mollet JC. Identification of two compounds able to improve flax resistance towards Fusarium oxysporum infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110690. [PMID: 33218648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are surrounded by a diverse range of microorganisms that causes serious crop losses and requires the use of pesticides. Flax is a major crop in Normandy used for its fibres and is regularly challenged by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) f. sp. lini. To protect themselves, plants use "innate immunity" as a first line of defense level against pathogens. Activation of plant defense with elicitors could be an alternative for crop plant protection. A previous work was conducted by screening a chemical library and led to the identification of compounds able to activate defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Four compounds were tested for their abilities to improve resistance of two flax varieties against Fo. Two of them, one natural (holaphyllamine or HPA) and one synthetic (M4), neither affected flax nor Fo growth. HPA and M4 induced oxidative burst and callose deposition. Furthermore, HPA and M4 caused changes in the expression patterns of defense-related genes coding a glucanase and a chitinase-like. Finally, plants pre-treated with HPA or M4 exhibited a significant decrease in the disease symptoms. Together, these findings demonstrate that HPA and M4 are able to activate defense responses in flax and improve its resistance against Fo infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Jaber
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Aline Planchon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Elodie Mathieu-Rivet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | | | - Abderrakib Zahid
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Carole Plasson
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Olivier Pamlard
- Unité de catalyse et chimie du solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Sandra Beaupierre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR CNRS 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR CNRS 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
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10
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Biomodification of Flax Fibrous Materials for Increase of Sorption to Organic Compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4137593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper was focused on the method to increase of the sorption properties in the flax fibrous material. This method was based on the original approach which includes the application of enzymatic catalysis as a destruction regulator of the polycarbohydrate components in the bast. The formed reaction products were used as reagents for reductive destruction of lignin. The changes in the fiber sorption capacity to the molecular markers were controlled after changing both the polymer composition of the fiber and the size of its pore. It was determined that the flax sorbents increase the adsorption of phenol vapors to 9–12 times and organic dyes from aqueous solutions to 4 times.
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11
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A polysaccharide extracted from Astragalus membranaceus residue improves cognitive dysfunction by altering gut microbiota in diabetic mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:500-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Deice Raasch-Fernandes L, Bonaldo SM, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Magela Vieira-Junior G, Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada K, Rocco da Silva C, Gabriela Araújo Verçosa A, Lopes de Oliveira D, Wender Debiasi B. Induction of phytoalexins and proteins related to pathogenesis in plants treated with extracts of cutaneous secretions of southern Amazonian Bufonidae amphibians. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211020. [PMID: 30653617 PMCID: PMC6336429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous secretions produced by amphibians of the family Bufonidae are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can be useful as new chemical templates for agrochemicals. In crop protection, the use of elicitors to induce responses offers the prospect of durable, broad-spectrum disease control using the plant's own resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of methanolic extracts of cutaneous secretions of two species of amphibians of the family Bufonidae found in the Amazon biome-Rhaebo guttatus (species 1) and Rhinella marina (species 2)-in the synthesis of phytoalexins in soybean cotyledons, bean hypocotyls, and sorghum mesocotyls. Additionally, changes in the enzyme activity of β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and in the total protein content of soybean cotyledons were determined. In the soybean cultivar 'TMG 132 RR', our results indicated that the methanolic extract of R. guttatus cutaneous secretions suppressed glyceollin synthesis and β-1,3-glucanase activity and increased POX and PPO activities at higher concentrations and total protein content at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. On the other hand, the methanolic extract of R. marina cutaneous secretions induced glyceollin synthesis in the soybean cultivars 'TMG 132 RR' and 'Monsoy 8372 IPRO' at 0.1-0.2 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract of R. marina cutaneous secretions also increased the specific activity of POX and PPO in 'Monsoy 8372 IPRO' and 'TMG 132 RR', respectively, and decreased the activity of β-1,3-glucanases in 'Monsoy 8372 IPRO'. At 0.3 mg/mL, it stimulated phaseolin synthesis. The extracts did not express bioactivity in the synthesis of deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum mesocotyls. The study in soybean suggests that the bioactivity in defense responses is influenced by cultivar genotypes. Therefore, these results provide evidence that extracts of cutaneous secretions of these amphibians species may contribute to the bioactivity of defense metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Deice Raasch-Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Bonaldo
- Federal University of Mato Grosso and the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Federal University of Mato Grosso and the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Rocco da Silva
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Araújo Verçosa
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Daiane Lopes de Oliveira
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Bryan Wender Debiasi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
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Minzanova ST, Mironov VF, Arkhipova DM, Khabibullina AV, Mironova LG, Zakirova YM, Milyukov VA. Biological Activity and Pharmacological Application of Pectic Polysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1407. [PMID: 30961332 PMCID: PMC6401843 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a polymer with a core of alternating α-1,4-linked d-galacturonic acid and α-1,2-l-rhamnose units, as well as a variety of neutral sugars such as arabinose, galactose, and lesser amounts of other sugars. Currently, native pectins have been compared to modified ones due to the development of natural medicines and health products. In this review, the results of a study of the bioactivity of pectic polysaccharides, including its various pharmacological applications, such as its immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities, have been summarized. The potential of pectins to contribute to the enhancement of drug delivery systems has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima T Minzanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Daria M Arkhipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Anna V Khabibullina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Lubov G Mironova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Yulia M Zakirova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan University, KFU, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - Vasili A Milyukov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
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14
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Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Rozhmina TA, Novakovskiy RO, Snezhkina AV, Fedorova MS, Yurkevich OY, Muravenko OV, Bolsheva NL, Kudryavtseva AV, Melnikova NV. Differential gene expression in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:253. [PMID: 29297347 PMCID: PMC5751779 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a crop plant used for fiber and oil production. Although potentially high-yielding flax varieties have been developed, environmental stresses markedly decrease flax production. Among biotic stresses, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini is recognized as one of the most devastating flax pathogens. It causes wilt disease that is one of the major limiting factors for flax production worldwide. Breeding and cultivation of flax varieties resistant to F. oxysporum is the most effective method for controlling wilt disease. Although the mechanisms of flax response to Fusarium have been actively studied, data on the plant response to infection and resistance gene candidates are currently very limited. RESULTS The transcriptomes of two resistant and two susceptible flax cultivars with respect to Fusarium wilt, as well as two resistant BC2F5 populations, which were grown under control conditions or inoculated with F. oxysporum, were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Genes showing changes in expression under F. oxysporum infection were identified in both resistant and susceptible flax genotypes. We observed the predominant overexpression of numerous genes that are involved in defense response. This was more pronounced in resistant cultivars. In susceptible cultivars, significant downregulation of genes involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis was observed in response to F. oxysporum. In the resistant genotypes, upregulation of genes related to NAD(P)H oxidase activity was detected. Upregulation of a number of genes, including that encoding beta-1,3-glucanase, was significantly greater in the cultivars and BC2F5 populations resistant to Fusarium wilt than in susceptible cultivars in response to F. oxysporum infection. CONCLUSIONS Using high-throughput sequencing, we identified genes involved in the early defense response of L. usitatissimum against the fungus F. oxysporum. In response to F. oxysporum infection, we detected changes in the expression of pathogenesis-related protein-encoding genes and genes involved in ROS production or related to cell wall biogenesis. Furthermore, we identified genes that were upregulated specifically in flax genotypes resistant to Fusarium wilt. We suggest that the identified genes in resistant cultivars and BC2F5 populations showing induced expression in response to F. oxysporum infection are the most promising resistance gene candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute for Flax, Torzhok, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Enoki S, Fujimori N, Yamaguchi C, Hattori T, Suzuki S. High Constitutive Overexpression of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 17 Delays Floral Transition by Enhancing FLC Expression in Transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:plants6030031. [PMID: 28757594 PMCID: PMC5620587 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera glycosyl hydrolase family 17 (VvGHF17) is a grape apoplasmic β-1,3-glucanase, which belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 17 in grapevines. β-1,3-glucanase is not only involved in plant defense response but also has various physiological functions in plants. Although VvGHF17 expression is negatively related to the length of inflorescence in grapevines, the physiological functions of VvGHF17 are still uncertain. To clarify the physiological functions of VvGHF17, we conducted a phenotypic analysis of VvGHF17-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. VvGHF17-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed short inflorescence, similar to grapevines. These results suggested that VvGHF17 might negatively regulate the length of inflorescence in plants. VvGHF17 expression induced a delay of floral transition in Arabidopsis plants. The expression level of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), known as a floral repressor gene, in inflorescence meristem of transgenic plants were increased by approximately 10-fold as compared with wild plants. These results suggest that VvGHF17 induces a delay of floral transition by enhancing FLC expression and concomitantly decreases the length of plant inflorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enoki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Fujimori
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
| | - Chiho Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Hattori
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
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16
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Kollarigowda RH. Recent View on Pectin-Based Polysaccharide Nanoscience and Their Biological Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984417300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide polymer has advantageous applications in bio-field, engineering and food industry because of remarkable properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this review, we describe the pectin polysaccharide nanomaterials and how the chemistry of pectin works in the development of nanoparticles and nanowires fabrication. We also discussed the recent advances of pectin-based nanomaterials including their synthesis strategies and applications. This pectin nanoscience review can be more useful to gain insight into the pectin nanochemistry for the nanosciences of engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran H. Kollarigowda
- University of Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Sorieul M, Dickson A, Hill SJ, Pearson H. Plant Fibre: Molecular Structure and Biomechanical Properties, of a Complex Living Material, Influencing Its Deconstruction towards a Biobased Composite. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080618. [PMID: 28773739 PMCID: PMC5509024 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls form an organic complex composite material that fulfils various functions. The hierarchical structure of this material is generated from the integration of its elementary components. This review provides an overview of wood as a composite material followed by its deconstruction into fibres that can then be incorporated into biobased composites. Firstly, the fibres are defined, and their various origins are discussed. Then, the organisation of cell walls and their components are described. The emphasis is on the molecular interactions of the cellulose microfibrils, lignin and hemicelluloses in planta. Hemicelluloses of diverse species and cell walls are described. Details of their organisation in the primary cell wall are provided, as understanding of the role of hemicellulose has recently evolved and is likely to affect our perception and future study of their secondary cell wall homologs. The importance of the presence of water on wood mechanical properties is also discussed. These sections provide the basis for understanding the molecular arrangements and interactions of the components and how they influence changes in fibre properties once isolated. A range of pulping processes can be used to individualise wood fibres, but these can cause damage to the fibres. Therefore, issues relating to fibre production are discussed along with the dispersion of wood fibres during extrusion. The final section explores various ways to improve fibres obtained from wood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Dickson
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand.
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18
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Zuk M, Działo M, Richter D, Dymińska L, Matuła J, Kotecki A, Hanuza J, Szopa J. Chalcone Synthase (CHS) Gene Suppression in Flax Leads to Changes in Wall Synthesis and Sensing Genes, Cell Wall Chemistry and Stem Morphology Parameters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:894. [PMID: 27446124 PMCID: PMC4919909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chalcone synthase (CHS) gene controls the first step in the flavonoid biosynthesis. In flax, CHS down-regulation resulted in tannin accumulation and reduction in lignin synthesis, but plant growth was not affected. This suggests that lignin content and thus cell wall characteristics might be modulated through CHS activity. This study investigated the possibility that CHS affects cell wall sensing as well as polymer content and arrangement. CHS-suppressed and thus lignin-reduced plants showed significant changes in expression of genes involved in both synthesis of components and cell wall sensing. This was accompanied by increased levels of cellulose and hemicellulose. CHS-reduced flax also showed significant changes in morphology and arrangement of the cell wall. The stem tissue layers were enlarged averagely twofold compared to the control, and the number of fiber cells more than doubled. The stem morphology changes were accompanied by reduction of the crystallinity index of the cell wall. CHS silencing induces a signal transduction cascade that leads to modification of plant metabolism in a wide range and thus cell wall structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry of Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, WroclawPoland
- Linum Foundation, WroclawPoland
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Zuk,
| | - Magdalena Działo
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry of Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, WroclawPoland
| | - Dorota Richter
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering, University of Economics, WroclawPoland
| | - Jan Matuła
- Institute of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
| | - Andrzej Kotecki
- Department of Crop Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering, University of Economics, WroclawPoland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry of Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, WroclawPoland
- Linum Foundation, WroclawPoland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
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Wojtasik W, Kulma A, Boba A, Szopa J. Oligonucleotide treatment causes flax β-glucanase up-regulation via changes in gene-body methylation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:261. [PMID: 25287293 PMCID: PMC4209061 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the challenge for biotechnology is to develop tools for agriculture and industry to provide plants characterized by productivity and quality that will satisfy the growing demand for different kinds of natural products. To meet the challenge, the generation and application of genetically modified plants is justified. However, the strong social resistance to genetically modified organisms and restrictive regulations in European Union countries necessitated the development of a new technology for new plant types generation which uses the knowledge resulting from analysis of genetically modified plants to generate favourably altered plants while omitting the introduction of heterologous genes to their genome. Four-year experiments led to the development of a technology inducing heritable epigenetic gene activation without transgenesis. RESULTS The method comprises the induction of changes in methylation/demethylation of the endogenous gene by the plant's treatment with short oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to the coding region. In vitro cultured plants and F3 generation flax plants overproducing the β-1,3-glucanase gene (EMO-βGlu flax) were characterized by up-regulation of β-glucanase and chitinase genes, decreases in the methylation of CCGG sequences in the β-glucanase gene and in total DNA methylation and, more importantly, reasonable resistance against Fusarium infection. In addition, EMO-βGlu flax obtained by this technology showed similar features as those obtained by genetic engineering. CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, this is the first report on plant gene activation by treatment with oligodeoxynucleotides homologous to the coding region of the gene. Apart from the evident effectiveness, the most important issue is that the EMO method allows generation of favourably altered plants, whose cultivation makes the plant producer independent from the complicated procedure of obtaining an agreement on GMO release into the environment and whose products might be more easily introduced to the global market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Wojtasik
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw, 51-148 Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw, 51-148 Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw, 51-148 Poland
- />Wroclaw Research Center EIT+, Stablowicka 147/149, Wroclaw, 54-066 Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- />Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw, 51-148 Poland
- />Linum Foundation, Stablowicka 147/149, Wroclaw, 54-066 Poland
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20
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Zeitoun AM, Preisner M, Kulma A, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Starzycki M, Szopa J. Does biopolymers composition in seeds contribute to the flax resistance against theFusariuminfection? Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:992-1004. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Zeitoun
- Faculty of Biotechnology; University of Wroclaw; 51-148 Wroclaw Poland
- Faculty of Agriculture; Alexandria University; Saba Basha Alexandria Egypt
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology; University of Wroclaw; 51-148 Wroclaw Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT+; 54-066 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology; University of Wroclaw; 51-148 Wroclaw Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT+; 54-066 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Dept. of Bioorganic Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics; Wroclaw University of Economics; 50-345 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Dept. of Bioorganic Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics; Wroclaw University of Economics; 50-345 Wroclaw Poland
- Inst. of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences; 50-422 Wrocław Poland
| | - Michal Starzycki
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Inst. (IHAR)-National Research Inst., Research Div; Poznan 60-479 Poznan Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology; University of Wroclaw; 51-148 Wroclaw Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT+; 54-066 Wroclaw Poland
- Linum Foundation; 54-066 Wroclaw Poland
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21
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Preisner M, Kulma A, Zebrowski J, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Arendt M, Starzycki M, Szopa J. Manipulating cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) expression in flax affects fibre composition and properties. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:50. [PMID: 24552628 PMCID: PMC3945063 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades cultivation of flax and its application have dramatically decreased. One of the reasons for this is unpredictable quality and properties of flax fibre, because they depend on environmental factors, retting duration and growing conditions. These factors have contribution to the fibre composition, which consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin. By far, it is largely established that in flax, lignin reduces an accessibility of enzymes either to pectin, hemicelluloses or cellulose (during retting or in biofuel synthesis and paper production).Therefore, in this study we evaluated composition and properties of flax fibre from plants with silenced CAD (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) gene, which is key in the lignin biosynthesis. There is evidence that CAD is a useful tool to improve lignin digestibility and/or to lower the lignin levels in plants. RESULTS Two studied lines responded differentially to the introduced modification due to the efficiency of the CAD silencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that flax CAD belongs to the "bona-fide" CAD family. CAD down-regulation had an effect in the reduced lignin amount in the flax fibre cell wall and as FT-IR results suggests, disturbed lignin composition and structure. Moreover introduced modification activated a compensatory mechanism which was manifested in the accumulation of cellulose and/or pectin. These changes had putative correlation with observed improved fiber's tensile strength. Moreover, CAD down-regulation did not disturb at all or has only slight effect on flax plants' development in vivo, however, the resistance against flax major pathogen Fusarium oxysporum decreased slightly. The modification positively affected fibre possessing; it resulted in more uniform retting. CONCLUSION The major finding of our paper is that the modification targeted directly to block lignin synthesis caused not only reduced lignin level in fibre, but also affected amount and organization of cellulose and pectin. However, to conclude that all observed changes are trustworthy and correlated exclusively to CAD repression, further analysis of the modified plants genome is necessary. Secondly, this is one of the first studies on the crop from the low-lignin plants from the field trail which demonstrates that such plants could be successfully cultivated in a field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw 51-148, Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT +, Stabłowicka 147/149, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw 51-148, Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT +, Stabłowicka 147/149, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology, Rzeszow University, Aleja Rejtana 16, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, Wroclaw 50-345, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, Wroclaw 50-345, Poland
- Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, Wrocław 50-422, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Arendt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw 51-148, Poland
| | - Michal Starzycki
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) - National Research Institute, Research Division Poznan, ul. Strzeszynska 36, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wroclaw 51-148, Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT +, Stabłowicka 147/149, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
- Linum Foundation, Stabłowicka 147/149, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
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Deyholos MK, Potter S. Engineering bast fiber feedstocks for use in composite materials. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Mierziak J, Wojtasik W, Kostyn K, Czuj T, Szopa J, Kulma A. Crossbreeding of transgenic flax plants overproducing flavonoids and glucosyltransferase results in progeny with improved antifungal and antioxidative properties. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2014; 34:1917-1932. [PMID: 25506258 PMCID: PMC4257994 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-014-0149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of secondary plant metabolites with many important functions; they play a role in fruit, flower and seed pigmentation and are involved in multiple protective mechanisms. They are very active natural antioxidants, acting as antimicrobial compounds in defense against pathogens, and they protect the plant against various stress factors, including excessive solar radiation and temperature. They are also an animal deterrent. Flax is already a very useful crop plant with nutritional and biomedical applications. With increased phenylpropanoid content, flax plants could be used in the production of improved dietary supplements and antimicrobial agents. The main aim of this study was to engineer a flax variety with increased flavonoid content by crossing two transgenic flax varieties that have heightened flavonoid levels. A mother plant that over expresses genes encoding the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway enzymes chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and dihydroflavonol reductase was crossed with plants overexpressing the glucosyltransferase (GT) gene. It was expected that the progeny would display better properties thanks to the simultaneous increases in flavonoid synthesis and stability. In comparison to the control and parental plants, plants of the selected flax lines were found to have increased contents of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoids, including phenolic acids, in their stems and seeds. A significant increase in the secoisolariciresinol diglucoside content was found in the seeds. The antioxidative properties of extracts from W92 × GT crossbreed plants were higher than the control (non-transgenic) and parental plants. These results correlated with the increase in the susceptibility of the crossbreeds to Fusarium infection. The increased flavonoid content did not cause any negative phenotypic changes or reduce the yield of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Czuj
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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