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Wojtasik W, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Burgberger M, Boba A, Szopa J, Kulma A, Mierziak J. Endophytic non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum reorganizes the cell wall in flax seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352105. [PMID: 38590745 PMCID: PMC10999547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a crop producing valuable products like seeds and fiber. However, its cultivation faces challenges from environmental stress factors and significant yield losses due to fungal infections. The major threat is Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lini, causing fusarium wilt of flax. Interestingly, within the Fusarium family, there are non-pathogenic strains known as biocontrols, which protect plants from infections caused by pathogenic strains. When exposed to a non-pathogenic strain, flax exhibits defense responses similar to those seen during pathogenic infections. This sensitization process activates immune reactions, preparing the plant to better combat potential pathogenic strains. The plant cell wall is crucial for defending against pathogens. It serves as the primary barrier, blocking pathogen entry into plant cells. Methods The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of treating flax with a non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain, focusing on cell wall remodeling. The infection's progress was monitored by determining the fungal DNA content and microscopic observation. The plant defense response was confirmed by an increase in the level of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes transcripts. The reorganization of flax cell wall during non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain infection was examined using Infrared spectroscopy (IR), determination of cell wall polymer content, and analysis of mRNA level of genes involved in their metabolism. Results and discussion IR analysis revealed reduced cellulose content in flax seedlings after treatment with Fo47 and that the cellulose chains were shorter and more loosely bound. Hemicellulose content was also reduced but only after 12h and 36h. The total pectin content remained unchanged, while the relative share of simple sugars and uronic acids in the pectin fractions changed over time. In addition, a dynamic change in the level of methylesterification of carboxyl groups of pectin was observed in flax seedlings treated with Fo47 compared to untreated seedlings. The increase in lignin content was observed only 48 hours after the treatment with non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. Analysis of mRNA levels of cell wall polymer metabolism genes showed significant changes over time in all analyzed genes. In conclusion, the research suggests that the rearrangement of the cell wall is likely one of the mechanisms behind flax sensitization by the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain. Understanding these processes could help in developing strategies to enhance flax's resistance to fusarium wilt and improve its overall yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Wojtasik
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Burgberger
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Mierziak
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wan J, Shahid MS, Yuan J. The Comparative Effects of Supplementing Protease Combined with Carbohydrase Enzymes on the Performance and Egg n-3 Deposition of Laying Hens Fed with Corn-Flaxseed or Wheat-Flaxseed Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3510. [PMID: 38003128 PMCID: PMC10668754 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed contains huge quantities of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), which reduce the performance of livestock. Three different protease and multi-carbohydrase enzymes were included in wheat-flaxseed diets (WFD) and corn-flaxseed diets (CFD) to compare their effects on performance, egg n-3 deposition, and fatty acid transporter genes in laying hens. A total of 540, twenty-week-old, Nongda-3 laying hens (DW brown × Hy-line white) were randomly assigned to six dietary groups, including 10% WFD or 10% CFD plus (i) supplemental enzyme A (alkaline protease 40,000 and neutral protease 10,000 (U/g)), (ii) enzyme B (alkaline protease 40,000, neutral protease 10,000, and cellulase 4000 (U/g)), or iii) enzyme C (neutral protease 10,000, xylanase 35,000, β-mannanase 1500, β-glucanase 2000, cellulose 500, amylase 100, and pectinase 10,000 (U/g)). An interaction (p < 0.05) was found for egg mass, hen day of egg production, and feed conversion ratio on the 9-10th week of the experiment. The WFD with enzyme B was associated with the highest egg weight in the 9-10th week. The deposition of total n-3 was superior with WFD (468.22 mg/egg) compared to CFD (397.90 mg/egg), while addition of enzyme C (464.90 mg/egg) resulted in the deposition of more total n-3 compared to enzymes A and B (411.89 and 422.42 mg/egg). The WFD and enzyme C significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and reduced the n-6:n-3 ratio in egg yolk compared to the CFD. The hepatic mRNA expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) (p = 0.006), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS-1) (p < 0.001), elongase-2 (ELOV-2) (p < 0.001), fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP1) (p < 0.001), and the intestinal mRNA expression of FATP and FABP genes were increased with WFD compared to CFD. In conclusion, WFD with enzyme C is favorable for optimal performance, results in the deposition of more n-3 and DHA, and increases the expression of fatty acid transporter genes, which helps in n-3 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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Alawlaqi MM, Al-Rajhi AMH, Abdelghany TM, Ganash M, Moawad H. Evaluation of Biomedical Applications for Linseed Extract: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:300. [PMID: 37367264 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes has accelerated alarmingly and resulted in significant health issues. Morbidity and mortality have increased along with the prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria, making the need to solve these problems an urgent and unmet challenge. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to evaluate the activity of linseed extract against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an isolate from diabetic foot infection. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities of linseed extract were evaluated. RESULT HPLC analysis indicated the presence of 1932.20 µg/mL, 284.31 µg/mL, 155.10 µg/mL, and 120.86 µg/mL of chlorogenic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, respectively, in the linseed extract. Rutin, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and vanillin were also detected in the extract of linseed. Linseed extract inhibited MRSA (35.67 mm inhibition zone) compared to the inhibition zone (29.33 mm) caused by ciprofloxacin. Standards of chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and coumaric acid compounds reflected different inhibition zones against MRSA when tested individually, but less than the inhibitory action of crude extract. A lower MIC value, of 15.41 µg/mL, was observed using linseed extract than the MIC 31.17 µg/mL of the ciprofloxacin. The MBC/MIC index indicated the bactericidal properties of linseed extract. The inhibition % of MRSA biofilm was 83.98, 90.80, and 95.58%, using 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, of the MBC of linseed extract. A promising antioxidant activity of linseed extract was recorded, with an IC50 value of 20.8 µg/mL. Anti-diabetic activity of linseed extract, expressed by glucosidase inhibition, showed an IC50 of 177.75 µg/mL. Anti-hemolysis activity of linseed extract was documented at 90.1, 91.5, and 93.7% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Anti-hemolysis activity of the chemical drug indomethacin, on the other hand, was measured at 94.6, 96.2, and 98.6% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The interaction of the main detected compound in linseed extract (chlorogenic acid) with the crystal structure of the 4G6D protein of S. aureus was investigated via the molecular docking (MD) mode to determine the greatest binding approach that interacted most energetically with the binding locations. MD showed that chlorogenic acid was an appropriate inhibitor for S. aureus via inhibition of its 4HI0 protein. The MD interaction resulted in a low energy score (-6.26841 Kcal/mol) with specified residues (PRO 38, LEU 3, LYS 195, and LYS 2), indicating its essential role in the repression of S. aureus growth. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings clearly revealed the great potential of the in vitro biological activity of linseed extract as a safe source for combatting multidrug-resistant S. aureus. In addition, linseed extract provides health-promoting antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents. Clinical reports are required to authenticate the role of linseed extract in the treatment of a variety of ailments and prevent the development of complications associated with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Alawlaqi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha M H Al-Rajhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M Abdelghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11725, Egypt
| | - Magdah Ganash
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Moawad
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Qayyum S, Sultana A, Heyat MBB, Rahman K, Akhtar F, Haq AU, Alkhamis BA, Alqahtani MA, Gahtani RM. Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020643. [PMID: 36839965 PMCID: PMC9965963 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A single-blind double-dummy randomized study was conducted in diagnosed patients (n = 66) to compare the efficacy of Linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.), and honey in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) with standard drugs using experimental and computational analysis. The pessary group received placebo capsules orally twice daily plus a per vaginum cotton pessary of powder from linseeds and psyllium seeds, each weighing 3 gm, with honey (5 mL) at bedtime. The standard group received 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily and 400 mg of metronidazole TID orally plus a placebo cotton pessary per vaginum at bedtime for 14 days. The primary outcomes were clinical features of uPID (vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain (LAP), low backache (LBA), and pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcomes included leucocytes (WBCs) in vaginal discharge on saline microscopy and the SF-12 health questionnaire. In addition, we also classified both (pessary and standard) groups using machine learning models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and AdaBoost (AB). The pessary group showed a higher percentage reduction than the standard group in abnormal vaginal discharge (87.05% vs. 77.94%), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-LAP (80.57% vs. 77.09%), VAS-LBA (74.19% vs. 68.54%), McCormack pain scale (McPS) score for pelvic tenderness (75.39% vs. 67.81%), WBC count of vaginal discharge (87.09% vs. 83.41%) and improvement in SF-12 HRQoL score (94.25% vs. 86.81%). Additionally, our DT 5-fold model achieved the maximum accuracy (61.80%) in the classification. We propose that the pessary group is cost-effective, safer, and more effective as standard drugs for treating uPID and improving the HRQoL of women. Aucubin, Plantamajoside, Herbacetin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, Secoisolariciresinol Monoglucoside, and other various natural bioactive molecules of psyllium and linseeds have beneficial effects as they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The anticipated research work is be a better alternative treatment for genital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Qayyum
- Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
| | - Arshiya Sultana
- Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.B.B.H.)
| | - Md Belal Bin Heyat
- IoT Research Center, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.B.B.H.)
| | - Khaleequr Rahman
- Department of Ilmul Saidla, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
| | - Faijan Akhtar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - Amin ul Haq
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aedh Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Center for Poison Control and Medical Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M. Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Cotton and Flax Textiles Leachables Impact Differently Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation and Cytotoxicity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040535. [PMID: 35455029 PMCID: PMC9032481 DOI: 10.3390/life12040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can bind on clothes, but the impacts of textiles leachables on cutaneous bacteria remain unknown. Here, we studied for the first time the effects of cotton and flax obtained through classical and soft ecological agriculture on the representatives S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacteria of the cutaneous microbiota. Crude flax showed an inhibitory potential on S. epidermidis bacterial lawns whereas cotton had no effect. Textile fiber leachables were produced in bacterial culture media, and these extracts were tested on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Bacterial growth was not impacted, but investigation by the crystal violet technique and confocal microscopy showed that all extracts affected biofilm formation by the two staphylococci species. An influence of cotton and flax culture conditions was clearly observed. Flax extracts had strong inhibitory impacts and induced the formation of mushroom-like defense structures by S. aureus. Conversely, production of biosurfactant by bacteria and their surface properties were not modified. Resistance to antibiotics also remained unchanged. All textile extracts, and particularly soft organic flax, showed strong inhibitory effects on S. aureus and S. epidermidis cytotoxicity on HaCaT keratinocytes. Analysis of flax leachables showed the presence of benzyl alcohol that could partly explain the effects of flax extracts.
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Wound coverage by the linen dressing accelerates ulcer healing. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:827-841. [PMID: 34849131 PMCID: PMC8610069 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic ulcers are the main cause of morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of chronic wounds is expected to increase given that people live longer and that there are civil diseases. Aim Much attention in the treatment of wounds concerns a dressing that involves wound cleansing, bacterial balance, exudate management and local tissue in a wound environment. These important elements of the evaluation led to the development of an interactive dressing based entirely on flax raw materials. Material and methods The complete dressing for wound coverage was prepared from plant (flax) row products: seedcakes, oil, fiber. The content of bioactive compounds (qualitatively and quantitatively) was tested using chromatographic techniques, and their biological activity during tests on fibroblast cell cultures (NHDF). As a final step the clinical trial were performed. Results The dressings, which help control the microenvironment, combining with exudate using hydrophilic fibre, controlling the flow of exudate from the wound to the dressing were generated. They stimulate the activity in the healing cascade and accelerate the healing process by combining lignocellulose fibre with higher amounts of phenolic compounds, sterols, cannabidiol and unsaturated fatty acids simultaneously with the 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer. All constituents of linen dressing are natural, originate from two types of the engineered flax plant. Pre-clinical data reveal a reasonable reduction in wound size in patients with chronic leg ulcers treated with a linen dressing. Conclusions For the first time, a successful application of the innovative interactive linen dressing in the treatment of chronic wounds was noted.
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Pascoalino LA, Reis FS, Prieto MA, Barreira JCM, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Valorization of Bio-Residues from the Processing of Main Portuguese Fruit Crops: From Discarded Waste to Health Promoting Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092624. [PMID: 33946249 PMCID: PMC8124571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food processing generates a large amount of bio-residues, which have become the focus of different studies aimed at valorizing this low-cost source of bioactive compounds. High fruit consumption is associated with beneficial health effects and, therefore, bio-waste and its constituents arouse therapeutic interest. The present work focuses on the main Portuguese fruit crops and revises (i) the chemical constituents of apple, orange, and pear pomace as potential sources of functional/bioactive compounds; (ii) the bioactive evidence and potential therapeutic use of bio-waste generated in the processing of the main Portuguese fruit crops; and (iii) potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. The current evidence of the effect of these bio-residues as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents is also summarized. Conclusions of the revised data are that these bio-wastes hold great potential to be employed in specific nutritional and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liege A. Pascoalino
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.A.P.); (F.S.R.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Filipa S. Reis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.A.P.); (F.S.R.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - João C. M. Barreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.A.P.); (F.S.R.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.B.); (L.B.); Tel.: +351-2733-30903 (J.C.M.B.); +351-2733-03532 (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.A.P.); (F.S.R.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.A.P.); (F.S.R.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.B.); (L.B.); Tel.: +351-2733-30903 (J.C.M.B.); +351-2733-03532 (L.B.)
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Tekin‐Cakmak ZH, Karasu S, Kayacan‐Cakmakoglu S, Akman PK. Investigation of potential use of by‐products from cold‐press industry as natural fat replacers and functional ingredients in a low‐fat salad dressing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salih Karasu
- Department of Food Engineering Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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Naseri S, Golpich M, Roshancheshm T, Joobeni MG, Khodayari M, Noori S, Zahed SA, Razzaghi S, Shirzad M, Salavat FS, Dakhilpour SS. The effect of henna and linseed herbal ointment blend on wound healing in rats with second-degree burns. Burns 2020; 47:1442-1450. [PMID: 33947598 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of skin burns is one of the most important challenge in medical science. The aim of this study is evaluation of the efficacy of Artaderm herbal ointment containing the Henna (Lawsonia inermis) extract, Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil, and Honey Wax on wound healing in the rat with second-degree burn wounds. The Artaderm ointment had an effective role in controlling burn wound infections due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 8). Four groups received Artaderm, 1% Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD 1%), Cod Liver Oil and Fundermol (Alpha) ointments which used in common practices for burn injuries. Another three groups received Henna, Linseed, and Honey Wax alone and a control group that just underwent a second-degree burn injury without any treatments. A second-degree burn was formed on the back of each rat and dressed daily with one of the agents. Burn wounds were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after burn induction. Rats treated with the Artaderm ointment had significantly faster wound contraction as well as shorter healing time than the rest groups. No scar was observed in rats treated with the Artaderm ointment on the 21st day, while this level of improvement was not observed in other groups at the same time. More than 90% of wounds were healed after on the 14th day in rats treated with Artaderm (94.10 ± 0.18) and Alpha (92.05 ± 0.23) ointments. According to these findings, it can be concluded that Artaderm herbal ointment can be used as a proper alternative for healing of wounds in second-degree burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Naseri
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Golpich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tohid Roshancheshm
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadimi Joobeni
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Khodayari
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Noori
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch-Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Asghar Zahed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch-Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Razzaghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch-Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirzad
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Saber Salavat
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Antioxidant Property and Bactericidal Activity of Linum usitatissimum Seed Essential Oil Nanoemulsion (LSEO-NE) on Staphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/iji.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Linum usitatissimum Seed Essential Oil (LSEO) as an efficient antimicrobial compound contains various types of phytochemicals, such as lignans and phenols. Objectives: In the current study, we produced LSEO nanoemulsion (LSEO-NE) to study its antioxidant capacity and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The LSEO-NE was produced using the ultrasonication method and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, we measured its antioxidant activity utilizing both ABTS and DPPH tests at four different LSEO-NE concentrations (200, 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL) compared to glutathione. Finally, we evaluated its bactericidal activity on S. aureus by studying Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) using LSEO-NE-smeared discs compared to non-smeared and kanamycin discs. Results: The 67.3 nm droplets of LSEO-NE with PDI of 0.452 exhibited strong antioxidant activity, similar to glutathione, in both ABTS (IC50 = 350 µg/mL) and DPPH (IC50 = 235 µg/mL) tests. Moreover, the AST results revealed the significant sensitivity of S. aureus to LSEO-NE-smeared discs when compared to non-smeared and kanamycin discs. Conclusions: According to the results, LSEO-NE can be applied as a safe, natural, and effective antibiotic for bacterial infections caused by S. aureus in most organs, such as the respiratory system and skin. However, further in vivo studies are required to evaluate the LSEO-NE antibacterial efficiency against other pathogenic S. aureus strains.
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Transgenerational Perpetuation of CHS Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Status Induced by Short Oligodeoxynucleotides in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163983. [PMID: 31426274 PMCID: PMC6719086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two decades ago, short oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were proven to be an effective and rapid technique for analysis of gene function without interference in the plant genome. Our previous research has shown the successful regulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) gene expression in flax by ODN technology. The CHS gene encodes a pivotal enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis. The manipulation of its transcript level was the result of the specific methylation status developed after treatment with ODNs. In further analysis of the application of oligodeoxynucleotides in plants, we will focus on maintaining the methylation status induced originally by ODNs homologous to the regulatory regions of the CHS gene in flax. This article reports the latest investigation applied to stabilization and inheritance of the epigenetic marks induced by plants' treatment with ODNs. The methylation status was analyzed in the particular CCGG motifs located in the CHS gene sequence. Individual plants were able to maintain alterations induced by ODNs. In order to confirm the impact of methylation marks on the nucleosome rearrangement, chromatin accessibility assay was performed. The perpetuation of targeted plant modulation induced by ODNs exhibits strong potential for improving crops and intensified application for medicine, nutrition and industry.
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Bioactive and functional compounds in apple pomace from juice and cider manufacturing: Potential use in dermal formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Styrczewska M, Zuk M, Boba A, Zalewski I, Kulma A. Use of Natural Components Derived from Oil Seed Plants for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2241-2263. [PMID: 31333096 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory skin diseases is increasing, so the search for relevant therapeutics is of major concern. Plants are rich in phytochemicals which can alleviate many symptoms. In this review, we concentrate on compounds found in the seeds of widely cultivated plants, regularly used for oil production. The oils from these plants are often used to alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases through synergetic action of unsaturated fatty acids and other phytochemicals most commonly derived from the terpenoid pathway. The knowledge of the chemical composition of oil seeds and the understanding of the mechanisms of action of single components should allow for a more tailored approach for the treatment for many diseases. In many cases, these seeds could serve as an efficient material for the isolation of pure phytochemicals. Here we present the content of phytochemicals, assumed to be responsible for healing properties of plant oils in a widely cultivated oil seed plants and review the proposed mechanism of action for fatty acids, selected mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, carotenoids, tocopherol and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Styrczewska
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwan Zalewski
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Działo M, Mierziak J, Korzun U, Preisner M, Szopa J, Kulma A. The Potential of Plant Phenolics in Prevention and Therapy of Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:160. [PMID: 26901191 PMCID: PMC4783894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds constitute a group of secondary metabolites which have important functions in plants. Besides the beneficial effects on the plant host, phenolic metabolites (polyphenols) exhibit a series of biological properties that influence the human in a health-promoting manner. Evidence suggests that people can benefit from plant phenolics obtained either by the diet or through skin application, because they can alleviate symptoms and inhibit the development of various skin disorders. Due to their natural origin and low toxicity, phenolic compounds are a promising tool in eliminating the causes and effects of skin aging, skin diseases, and skin damage, including wounds and burns. Polyphenols also act protectively and help prevent or attenuate the progression of certain skin disorders, both embarrassing minor problems (e.g., wrinkles, acne) or serious, potentially life-threatening diseases such as cancer. This paper reviews the latest reports on the potential therapy of skin disorders through treatment with phenolic compounds, considering mostly a single specific compound or a combination of compounds in a plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Działo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Korzun
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Zuk M, Działo M, Richter D, Dymińska L, Matuła J, Kotecki A, Hanuza J, Szopa J. Chalcone Synthase (CHS) Gene Suppression in Flax Leads to Changes in Wall Synthesis and Sensing Genes, Cell Wall Chemistry and Stem Morphology Parameters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:894. [PMID: 27446124 PMCID: PMC4919909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chalcone synthase (CHS) gene controls the first step in the flavonoid biosynthesis. In flax, CHS down-regulation resulted in tannin accumulation and reduction in lignin synthesis, but plant growth was not affected. This suggests that lignin content and thus cell wall characteristics might be modulated through CHS activity. This study investigated the possibility that CHS affects cell wall sensing as well as polymer content and arrangement. CHS-suppressed and thus lignin-reduced plants showed significant changes in expression of genes involved in both synthesis of components and cell wall sensing. This was accompanied by increased levels of cellulose and hemicellulose. CHS-reduced flax also showed significant changes in morphology and arrangement of the cell wall. The stem tissue layers were enlarged averagely twofold compared to the control, and the number of fiber cells more than doubled. The stem morphology changes were accompanied by reduction of the crystallinity index of the cell wall. CHS silencing induces a signal transduction cascade that leads to modification of plant metabolism in a wide range and thus cell wall structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry of Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, WroclawPoland
- Linum Foundation, WroclawPoland
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Zuk,
| | - Magdalena Działo
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry of Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, WroclawPoland
| | - Dorota Richter
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering, University of Economics, WroclawPoland
| | - Jan Matuła
- Institute of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
| | - Andrzej Kotecki
- Department of Crop Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
| | - Jerzy Hanuza
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering, University of Economics, WroclawPoland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry of Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, WroclawPoland
- Linum Foundation, WroclawPoland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WroclawPoland
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Maliar T, Slaba G, Nemeček P, Maliarová M, Benková M, Havrlentová M, Ondrejovič M, Kraic J. Antioxidants, Enzyme Inhibitors, and Biogenic Compounds in Grain Extracts of Barleys. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1678-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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