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Bandyopadhyay A, Ghibhela B, Mandal BB. Current advances in engineering meniscal tissues: insights into 3D printing, injectable hydrogels and physical stimulation based strategies. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022006. [PMID: 38277686 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The knee meniscus is the cushioning fibro-cartilage tissue present in between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau of the knee joint. It is largely avascular in nature and suffers from a wide range of tears and injuries caused by accidents, trauma, active lifestyle of the populace and old age of individuals. Healing of the meniscus is especially difficult due to its avascularity and hence requires invasive arthroscopic approaches such as surgical resection, suturing or implantation. Though various tissue engineering approaches are proposed for the treatment of meniscus tears, three-dimensional (3D) printing/bioprinting, injectable hydrogels and physical stimulation involving modalities are gaining forefront in the past decade. A plethora of new printing approaches such as direct light photopolymerization and volumetric printing, injectable biomaterials loaded with growth factors and physical stimulation such as low-intensity ultrasound approaches are being added to the treatment portfolio along with the contemporary tear mitigation measures. This review discusses on the necessary design considerations, approaches for 3D modeling and design practices for meniscal tear treatments within the scope of tissue engineering and regeneration. Also, the suitable materials, cell sources, growth factors, fixation and lubrication strategies, mechanical stimulation approaches, 3D printing strategies and injectable hydrogels for meniscal tear management have been elaborated. We have also summarized potential technologies and the potential framework that could be the herald of the future of meniscus tissue engineering and repair approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Baishali Ghibhela
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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2
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Amiri F, Babaei M, Jamshidi N, Agheb M, Rafienia M, Kazemi M. Fabrication and assessment of a novel hybrid scaffold consisted of polyurethane-gellan gum-hyaluronic acid-glucosamine for meniscus tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:610-622. [PMID: 35051502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The meniscus has inadequate intrinsic regenerative capacity and its damage can lead to degeneration of articular cartilage. Meniscus tissue engineering aims to restore an injured meniscus followed by returning its normal function through bioengineered scaffolds. In the present study, the structural and biological properties of 3D-printed polyurethane (PU) scaffolds dip-coated with gellan gum (GG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and glucosamine (GA) were investigated. The optimum concentration of GG was 3% (w/v) with maintaining porosity at 88.1%. The surface coating of GG-HA-GA onto the PU scaffolds increased the compression modulus from 30.30 kPa to 59.10 kPa, the water uptake ratio from 27.33% to 60.80%, degradation rate from 5.18% to 8.84%, whereas the contact angle was reduced from 104.8° to 59.3°. MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining, and SEM were adopted to assess the behavior of the seeded chondrocytes on scaffolds, and it was found that the ternary surface coating stimulated the cell proliferation, viability, and adhesion. Moreover, the coated scaffolds showed higher expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan genes at day 7 compared to the control groups. Therefore, the fabricated PU-3% (w/v) GG-HA-GA scaffold can be considered as a promising scaffold for meniscus tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Amiri
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Melika Babaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nima Jamshidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maria Agheb
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafienia
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dai W, Wu T, Leng X, Yan W, Hu X, Ao Y. Advances in biomechanical and biochemical engineering methods to stimulate meniscus tissue. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8540-8560. [PMID: 34539978 PMCID: PMC8430175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meniscal injuries can cause cartilage degeneration, which usually leads to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and results in progressive destruction of the knee joint. Therefore, it is important to identify methods to stop or slow the development of OA after the onset of meniscal defects. The current surgical techniques for meniscal injuries are insufficient to prevent the progression of knee OA, which has accelerated the development of alternative tissue engineering strategies. Much progress has been made in the use of biomechanical and biochemical stimuli in the past decades to engineer neotissue akin to native meniscus. In this review, we focus on the current progress in biomechanical and biochemical stimuli-based strategies applied to meniscal tissue engineering, and explore how these factors influence meniscal regeneration. By understanding the functional mechanism that can stimulate regeneration in the meniscus, we hope that this review will provide a theoretical basis and strategies for meniscus tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Leng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine16 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Kim J, Boys AJ, Estroff LA, Bonassar LJ. Combining TGF-β1 and Mechanical Anchoring to Enhance Collagen Fiber Formation and Alignment in Tissue-Engineered Menisci. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1608-1620. [PMID: 33606521 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recapitulating the collagen fiber structure of native menisci is one of the major challenges in the development of tissue-engineered menisci. Native collagen fibers are developed by the complex interplay of biochemical and biomechanical signals. In this study, we optimized glucose and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in combination with mechanical anchoring to balance contributions of proteoglycan synthesis and contractile behavior in collagen fiber assembly. Glucose had a profound effect on the final dimensions of collagen-based constructs. TGF-β1 influenced construct contraction rate and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production with two half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) ranges, which are 0.23 to 0.28 and 0.53 to 1.71 ng/mL, respectively. At concentrations less than the EC50, for the GAG production and contraction rate, TGF-β1 treatment resulted in less organized collagen fibers. At concentrations greater than the EC50, TGF-β1 led to dense, disorganized collagen fibers. Between the two EC50 values, collagen fiber diameter and length increased. The effects of TGF-β1 on fiber development were enhanced by mechanical anchoring, leading to peaks in fiber diameter, length, and alignment index. Fiber diameter and length increased from 7.9 ± 1.4 and 148.7 ± 16.4 to 17.5 ± 2.1 and 262.0 ± 13.0 μm, respectively. The alignment index reached 1.31, comparable to that of native tissue, 1.40. These enhancements in fiber architecture resulted in significant increases in tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress (UTS) by 1.6- and 1.4-fold. Correlation analysis showed that tensile modulus and UTS strongly correlated with collagen fiber length, diameter, and alignment, while compressive modulus correlated with GAG content. These outcomes highlight the need for optimization of both biochemical and biomechanical cues in the culture environment for enhancing fiber development within tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkil Kim
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 126 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 126 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, 245 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 313 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Vasantha Kumar J, Sharma V, Gupta PK, Verma RS. Meniscal tissue engineering via 3D printed PLA monolith with carbohydrate based self-healing interpenetrating network hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1358-1371. [PMID: 32777410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Failure of bioengineered meniscus implant after transplantation is a major concern owing to mechanical failure, lack of chondrogenic capability and patient specific design. In this article, we have, for the first time, fabricated a 3D printed scaffold with carbohydrate based self-healing interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels-based monolith construct for load bearing meniscus tissue. 3D printed PLA scaffold was surface functionalized and embedded with self-healing IPN hydrogel for interfacial bonding further characterized by micro CT. Using collagen (C), alginate (A) and oxidized alginate (ADA), we developed self-healing IPN hydrogels with dual crosslinking (Ca2+ based ionic crosslinking and Schiff base (A-A, A-ADA)) capability and studied their physicochemical properties. Further, we studied human stem cells behaviour and chondrogenic differentiation potential within these IPN hydrogels. In-vivo heterotopic implantation confirmed biocompatibility of the monolith showing the feasibility of using carbohydrate based IPN hydrogel embedded in 3D printed scaffold for meniscal tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - J Vasantha Kumar
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
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Cojocaru DG, Hondke S, Krüger JP, Bosch C, Croicu C, Florescu S, Lazarescu A, Patrascu JM, Patrascu JM, Dauner M, Gresser GT, Endres M. Meniscus-shaped cell-free polyglycolic acid scaffold for meniscal repair in a sheep model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:809-818. [PMID: 31225700 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since loss of meniscus is correlated with an increasing risk for osteoarthritis, meniscal scaffolds are proposed as new strategies. Development of a suitable scaffold has to take into account differing meniscus thickness, exposure to compressive and tensile forces combined with high porosity and biocompatibility of the material. After physical testing of three flat scaffolds composed of different modified polyglycolic acid (PGA) fibers, a three-dimensional meniscus-shaped PGA-hyaluronan implant was generated. Micro-computed tomography showed 90% porosity in the outer area with 50% in the inner area of the implant. Biocompatibility and expression of meniscus typical cartilaginous genes were shown for human meniscus cells cultivated in the implant with 10% human serum or 5% platelet-rich plasma for 14 days in vitro. The proof-of-concept study in sheep demonstrated proteoglycan- and collagen type I-rich repair tissue formation in partial meniscectomy combined with a meniscus-shaped PGA-hyaluronan implant after 6 months. In contrast, the control showed nearly no repair tissue formation. Thus, meniscus-shaped PGA-hyaluronan implants might be a suitable therapeutic approach to support repair tissue formation in partial meniscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G Cojocaru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy-Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | | | - Claudia Bosch
- Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung Denkendorf (DITF), Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Cristian Croicu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology II, Emergency County Hospital-Pius Branzeu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Florescu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology II, Emergency County Hospital-Pius Branzeu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Lazarescu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology II, Emergency County Hospital-Pius Branzeu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jenel-Marian Patrascu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology II, Emergency County Hospital-Pius Branzeu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jenel-Marian Patrascu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology II, Emergency County Hospital-Pius Branzeu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Martin Dauner
- Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung Denkendorf (DITF), Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Götz T Gresser
- Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung Denkendorf (DITF), Denkendorf, Germany
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7
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Wang Q, Tan Q, Xu W, Kuang L, Zhang B, Wang Z, Ni Z, Su N, Jin M, Li C, Jiang W, Huang J, Li F, Zhu Y, Chen H, Du X, Chen D, Deng C, Qi H, Xie Y, Chen L. Postnatal deletion of Alk5 gene in meniscal cartilage accelerates age-dependent meniscal degeneration in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:595-605. [PMID: 30078186 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has been used to enhance healing of meniscal degeneration in several models. However, the exact role and molecular mechanism of TGF-β signaling in meniscus maintenance and degeneration are still not understood due to the absence of in vivo evidence. In this study, we found that the expression of activin receptor-like kinases 5 (ALK5) in the meniscus was decreased with the progression of age and/or osteoarthritis induced meniscal degeneration. Col2α1 positive cells were found to be specifically distributed in the superficial and inner zones of the anterior horn, as well as the inner zone of the posterior horn in mice, indicating that Col2α1-CreERT2 mice can be a used for studying gene function in menisci. Furthermore, we deleted Alk5 in Col2α1 positive cells in meniscus by administering tamoxifen. Alterations in the menisci structure were evaluated histologically. The expression levels of genes and proteins associated with meniscus homeostasis and TGF-β signaling were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results revealed severe and progressive meniscal degeneration phenotype in 3- and 6-month-old Alk5 cKO mice compared with Cre-negative control, including aberrantly increased hypertrophic meniscal cells, severe fibrillation, and structure disruption of meniscus. qRT-PCR and IHC results showed that disruption of anabolic and catabolic homeostasis of chondrocytes may contribute to the meniscal degeneration phenotype observed in Alk5 cKO mice. Thus, TGF-β/ALK5 signaling plays a chondro-protective role in menisci homeostasis, in part, by inhibiting matrix degradation and maintaining extracellular matrix proteins levels in meniscal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Kuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuqiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanling Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Critchley SE, Kelly DJ. Bioinks for bioprinting functional meniscus and articular cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting can potentially enable the engineering of biological constructs mimicking the complex geometry, composition, architecture and mechanical properties of different tissues and organs. Integral to the successful bioprinting of functional articular cartilage and meniscus is the identification of suitable bioinks and cell sources to support chondrogenesis or fibrochondrogenesis, respectively. Such bioinks must also possess the appropriate rheological properties to be printable and support the generation of complex geometries. This review will outline the parameters required to develop bioinks for such applications and the current recent advances in 3D bioprinting of functional meniscus and articular cartilage. The paper will conclude by discussing key scientific and technical hurdles in this field and by defining future research directions for cartilage and meniscus bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Heo J, Koh RH, Shim W, Kim HD, Yim HG, Hwang NS. Riboflavin-induced photo-crosslinking of collagen hydrogel and its application in meniscus tissue engineering. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:148-58. [PMID: 25809935 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A meniscus tear is a common knee injury, but its regeneration remains a clinical challenge. Recently, collagen-based scaffolds have been applied in meniscus tissue engineering. Despite its prevalence, application of natural collagen scaffold in clinical setting is limited due to its extremely low stiffness and rapid degradation. The purpose of the present study was to increase the mechanical properties and delay degradation rate of a collagen-based scaffold by photo-crosslinking using riboflavin (RF) and UV exposure. RF is a biocompatible vitamin B2 that showed minimal cytotoxicity compared to conventionally utilized photo-initiator. Furthermore, collagen photo-crosslinking with RF improved mechanical properties and delayed enzyme-triggered degradation of collagen scaffolds. RF-induced photo-crosslinked collagen scaffolds encapsulated with fibrochondrocytes resulted in reduced scaffold contraction and enhanced gene expression levels for the collagen II and aggrecan. Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA) incorporation into photo-crosslinked collagen scaffold showed an increase in its retention. Based on these results, we demonstrate that photo-crosslinked collagen-HA hydrogels can be potentially applied in the scaffold-based meniscus tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Heo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Rachel H Koh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Whuisu Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hwan D Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Gu Yim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,N-BIO Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Rey-Rico A, Klich A, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Biomedical-grade, high mannuronic acid content (BioMVM) alginate enhances the proteoglycan production of primary human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in a 3-D microenvironment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28170. [PMID: 27302206 PMCID: PMC4908386 DOI: 10.1038/srep28170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginates are important hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering as they support the meniscal fibrochondrocyte phenotype and proteoglycan production, the extracellular matrix (ECM) component chiefly responsible for its viscoelastic properties. Here, we systematically evaluated four biomedical- and two nonbiomedical-grade alginates for their capacity to provide the best three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment and to support proteoglycan synthesis of encapsulated human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in vitro. Biomedical-grade, high mannuronic acid alginate spheres (BioLVM, BioMVM) were the most uniform in size, indicating an effect of the purity of alginate on the shape of the spheres. Interestingly, the purity of alginates did not affect cell viability. Of note, only fibrochondrocytes encapsulated in BioMVM alginate produced and retained significant amounts of proteoglycans. Following transplantation in an explant culture model, the alginate spheres containing fibrochondrocytes remained in close proximity with the meniscal tissue adjacent to the defect. The results reveal a promising role of BioMVM alginate to enhance the proteoglycan production of primary human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in a 3-D hydrogel microenvironment. These findings have significant implications for cell-based translational studies aiming at restoring lost meniscal tissue in regions containing high amounts of proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Klich
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Abstract
The meniscus plays a crucial role in maintaining knee joint homoeostasis. Meniscal lesions are relatively common in the knee joint and are typically categorized into various types. However, it is difficult for inner avascular meniscal lesions to self-heal. Untreated meniscal lesions lead to meniscal extrusions in the long-term and gradually trigger the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The relationship between meniscal lesions and knee OA is complex. Partial meniscectomy, which is the primary method to treat a meniscal injury, only relieves short-term pain; however, it does not prevent the development of knee OA. Similarly, other current therapeutic strategies have intrinsic limitations in clinical practice. Tissue engineering technology will probably address this challenge by reconstructing a meniscus possessing an integrated configuration with competent biomechanical capacity. This review describes normal structure and biomechanical characteristics of the meniscus, discusses the relationship between meniscal lesions and knee OA, and summarizes the classifications and corresponding treatment strategies for meniscal lesions to understand meniscal regeneration from physiological and pathological perspectives. Last, we present current advances in meniscal scaffolds and provide a number of prospects that will potentially benefit the development of meniscal regeneration methods.
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Bahcecioglu G, Buyuksungur A, Kiziltay A, Hasirci N, Hasirci V. Construction and in vitro testing of a multilayered, tissue-engineered meniscus. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911514529688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel three-dimensional construct was designed to serve as a substitute for the natural meniscus tissue, and tested in vitro. The design consisted of mats of aligned collagen micro/nanofibers, entrapped within a macroporous poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) foam coated with Ca+2-cross-linked alginic acid. Fibrochondrocytes derived from human meniscus were tested in vitro to study cell attachment and proliferation. After a 21-day culture, the cells populating the constructs were shown to produce extracellular matrix components specific for fibrocartilages, such as collagen Types I and II and aggrecan. Coating the foam with alginate increased the compressive modulus of the collagen-containing constructs (from 320 to 381 kPa, after 21 days of incubation with fibrochondrocytes) but decreased cell attachment and proliferation, as well as aggrecan production. Collagen fibers substantially increased the tensile modulus of the cell-seeded constructs (from 0.98 to 1.71 MPa for uncoated and from 0.67 to 1.32 MPa for coated samples). All constructs produced extracellular matrix components specific for fibrocartilages. These findings indicate that these constructs have potential for use as meniscus substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Buyuksungur
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kiziltay
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Central Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Hasirci
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Shen C, Yan J, Erkocak OF, Zheng XF, Chen XD. Nitric oxide inhibits autophagy via suppression of JNK in meniscal cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1022-33. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Croutze R, Jomha N, Uludag H, Adesida A. Matrix forming characteristics of inner and outer human meniscus cells on 3D collagen scaffolds under normal and low oxygen tensions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:353. [PMID: 24330551 PMCID: PMC4029534 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited intrinsic healing potential of the meniscus and a strong correlation between meniscal injury and osteoarthritis have prompted investigation of surgical repair options, including the implantation of functional bioengineered constructs. Cell-based constructs appear promising, however the generation of meniscal constructs is complicated by the presence of diverse cell populations within this heterogeneous tissue and gaps in the information concerning their response to manipulation of oxygen tension during cell culture. Methods Four human lateral menisci were harvested from patients undergoing total knee replacement. Inner and outer meniscal fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) were expanded to passage 3 in growth medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), then embedded in porous collagen type I scaffolds and chondrogenically stimulated with transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) under 21% (normal or normoxic) or 3% (hypoxic) oxygen tension for 21 days. Following scaffold culture, constructs were analyzed biochemically for glycosaminoglycan production, histologically for deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as at the molecular level for expression of characteristic mRNA transcripts. Results Constructs cultured under normal oxygen tension expressed higher levels of collagen type II (p = 0.05), aggrecan (p < 0.05) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, (COMP) (p < 0.05) compared to hypoxic expanded and cultured constructs. Accumulation of ECM rich in collagen type II and sulfated proteoglycan was evident in normoxic cultured scaffolds compared to those under low oxygen tension. There was no significant difference in expression of these genes between scaffolds seeded with MFCs isolated from inner or outer regions of the tissue following 21 days chondrogenic stimulation (p > 0.05). Conclusions Cells isolated from inner and outer regions of the human meniscus demonstrated equivalent differentiation potential toward chondrogenic phenotype and ECM production. Oxygen tension played a key role in modulating the redifferentiation of meniscal fibrochondrocytes on a 3D collagen scaffold in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adetola Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 3,002E Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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15
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Hasan J, Fisher J, Ingham E. Current strategies in meniscal regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:619-34. [PMID: 24030973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The meniscus plays an important role in the biomechanics and tribology of the knee joint. Damage to or disease of the meniscus is now recognized to predispose to the development of osteoarthritis. Treatment of meniscal injury through arthroscopic surgery has become one of the most common orthopedic surgical procedures, and in the United States this can represent 10 to 20% of procedures related to the knee. The meniscus has a limited healing capacity constrained to the vascularized periphery and therefore, surgical repair of the avascular regions is not always feasible. Replacement and repair of the meniscus to treat injuries is being investigated using tissue engineering strategies. Promising as these approaches may be, there are, however, major barriers to overcome before translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahid Hasan
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Freymann U, Endres M, Goldmann U, Sittinger M, Kaps C. Toward scaffold-based meniscus repair: effect of human serum, hyaluronic acid and TGF-ß3 on cell recruitment and re-differentiation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:773-81. [PMID: 23473977 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.02.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repair approaches for the non-vascular meniscus are rarely developed. Recent strategies use scaffold-based techniques and inducing factors. The aim of the study was the investigation of cell recruitment and re-differentiation inducing factors for a scaffold-based meniscus repair approach. METHOD 3D cultivation of in vitro expanded human meniscus-derived cells was performed in high-density cultures supplemented with 25% hyaluronic acid (HA), 10% human serum (HS) or 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor (TGF-ß3) compared to untreated controls. The in vitro cell recruitment potential of different HS concentrations was tested by chemotaxis assay. Analysis of chondrocytic markers (type I, II, IX collagen and proteoglycans) was performed on protein and gene expression level. RESULTS Cells were attracted by 1-20% HS. 3D cultures supplemented with 10% HS and 25% HA showed meniscus-like gene expression profiles at day 7 with significantly increased cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and aggrecan expression levels in the HS group and a slightly increased profile in the HA group compared to control. The TGF-ß3 group showed an additional induction of gene expression levels for type II and type IX collagen. Histological findings confirmed these results by proteoglycan and type I collagen staining in all groups and type II collagen staining only in the TGF-ß3 group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that human meniscus cells are attracted by HS and allow for meniscal matrix formation in 3D culture in the presence of HA and HS, whereas TGF-ß3 additive does not initiate meniscal tissue. Regarding non-vascular meniscus repair, results of this study encourage scaffold-based repair approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Freymann
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charitéplatz 1/Virchowweg 11, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Shi G, Coger RN. Use of perfluorocarbons to enhance the performance of perfused three-dimensional hepatic cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:718-26. [PMID: 23596130 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioartificial liver devices (BALs) are extracorporeal systems designed to temporarily bridge patients until a suitable donated liver is available for transplantation and also have value for pharmaceutical testing applications. Yet critical issues exist that limit the functional performance of their current designs. One of these concerns scale up issues connected to oxygen (O2 ) delivery to the cells housed within their three-dimensional (3D) configurations, and its consequences to device performance. As primary blood substitute candidates with extraordinarily high O2 capacity, perfluorocarbons (PFCs) offer hope as one strategy for addressing the O2 delivery issue encountered when scaling up the tissue space of current BAL designs. This study utilizes a PFC-based second-generation O2 carrier OXYCYTE®, as an additive to regular nutrient medium, for augmenting O2 delivery in a customized 3D tissue assembly system. The results demonstrate that the addition of PFCs significantly increases the O2 capacity of regular medium and that net cytochrome P450 activity levels are considerably increased under flow in PFC-treated systems, as compared to controls. This work thus clarifies the benefits of using PFCs to enhance the functional performance of 3D liver systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengbei Shi
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Jia W, Yang J, Ge L. Preliminary Study on Dental Pulp Stem Cell–mediated Pulp Regeneration in Canine Immature Permanent Teeth. J Endod 2013; 39:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Adesida AB, Mulet-Sierra A, Laouar L, Jomha NM. Oxygen tension is a determinant of the matrix-forming phenotype of cultured human meniscal fibrochondrocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39339. [PMID: 22720095 PMCID: PMC3376130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meniscal cartilage displays a poor repair capacity, especially when injury is located in the avascular region of the tissue. Cell-based tissue engineering strategies to generate functional meniscus substitutes is a promising approach to treat meniscus injuries. Meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFC) can be used in this approach. However, MFC are unable to retain their phenotype when expanded in culture. In this study, we explored the effect of oxygen tension on MFC expansion and on their matrix-forming phenotype. Methodology/Principal Findings MFC were isolated from human menisci followed by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) mediated cell expansion in monolayer culture under normoxia (21%O2) or hypoxia (3%O2). Normoxia and hypoxia expanded MFC were seeded on to a collagen scaffold. The MFC seeded scaffolds (constructs) were cultured in a serum free chondrogenic medium for 3 weeks under normoxia and hypoxia. Constructs containing normoxia-expanded MFC were subsequently cultured under normoxia while those formed from hypoxia-expanded MFC were subsequently cultured under hypoxia. After 3 weeks of in vitro culture, the constructs were assessed biochemically, histologically and for gene expression via real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays. The results showed that constructs under normoxia produced a matrix with enhanced mRNA ratio (3.5-fold higher; p<0.001) of collagen type II to I. This was confirmed by enhanced deposition of collagen II using immuno-histochemistry. Furthermore, the constructs under hypoxia produced a matrix with higher mRNA ratio of aggrecan to versican (3.5-fold, p<0.05). However, both constructs had the same capacity to produce a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) –specific extracellular matrix. Conclusions Our data provide evidence that oxygen tension is a key player in determining the matrix phenotype of cultured MFC. These findings suggest that the use of normal and low oxygen tension during MFC expansion and subsequent neo-tissue formation cultures may be important in engineering different regions of the meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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20
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Riera KM, Rothfusz NE, Wilusz RE, Weinberg JB, Guilak F, McNulty AL. Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and integrative meniscal repair: influences on meniscal cell proliferation and migration. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R187. [PMID: 22087734 PMCID: PMC3334636 DOI: 10.1186/ar3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are up-regulated in injured and osteoarthritic knee joints. IL-1 and TNF-α inhibit integrative meniscal repair; however, the mechanisms by which this inhibition occurs are not fully understood. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increases meniscal cell proliferation and accumulation, and enhances integrative meniscal repair. An improved understanding of the mechanisms modulating meniscal cell proliferation and migration will help to improve approaches for enhancing intrinsic or tissue-engineered repair of the meniscus. The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that IL-1 and TNF-α suppress, while TGF-β1 enhances, cellular proliferation and migration in cell and tissue models of meniscal repair. Methods A micro-wound assay was used to assess meniscal cell migration and proliferation in response to the following treatments for 0, 24, or 48 hours: 0 to 10 ng/mL IL-1, TNF-α, or TGF-β1, in the presence or absence of 10% serum. Proliferated and total cells were fluorescently labeled and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the number of proliferated, migrated, and total cells was determined in the micro-wound and edges of each image. Meniscal cell proliferation was also assessed throughout meniscal repair model explants treated with 0 or 10 ng/mL IL-1, TNF-α, or TGF-β1 for 14 days. At the end of the culture period, biomechanical testing and histological analyses were also performed. Statistical differences were assessed using an ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Results IL-1 and TNF-α decreased cell proliferation in both cell and tissue models of meniscal repair. In the presence of serum, TGF-β1 increased outer zone cell proliferation in the micro-wound and in the cross section of meniscal repair model explants. Both IL-1 and TNF-α decreased the integrative shear strength of repair and extracellular matrix deposition in the meniscal repair model system, while TGF-β1 had no effect on either measure. Conclusions Meniscal cell proliferation in vivo may be diminished following joint injury due to the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, thereby limiting native cellular repair of meniscal lesions. Therefore, therapies that can promote meniscal cell proliferation have promise to enhance meniscal repair and improve tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Riera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Henson F, Getgood A. The use of scaffolds in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Open Orthop J 2011; 5 Suppl 2:261-6. [PMID: 21886690 PMCID: PMC3149868 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001105010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bioengineering scaffolds remains an integral part of the tissue engineering concept. A significant amount of basic science and clinical research has been focused on the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues including bone, articular cartilage, meniscus, ligament and tendon. This review aims to provide the reader with a summary of the principals of using material scaffolds in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications and how these materials may eventually come to be incorporated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Henson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7411-31. [PMID: 21764438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive scientific investigations in recent decades have established the anatomical, biomechanical, and functional importance that the meniscus holds within the knee joint. As a vital part of the joint, it acts to prevent the deterioration and degeneration of articular cartilage, and the onset and development of osteoarthritis. For this reason, research into meniscus repair has been the recipient of particular interest from the orthopedic and bioengineering communities. Current repair techniques are only effective in treating lesions located in the peripheral vascularized region of the meniscus. Healing lesions found in the inner avascular region, which functions under a highly demanding mechanical environment, is considered to be a significant challenge. An adequate treatment approach has yet to be established, though many attempts have been undertaken. The current primary method for treatment is partial meniscectomy, which commonly results in the progressive development of osteoarthritis. This drawback has shifted research interest toward the fields of biomaterials and bioengineering, where it is hoped that meniscal deterioration can be tackled with the help of tissue engineering. So far, different approaches and strategies have contributed to the in vitro generation of meniscus constructs, which are capable of restoring meniscal lesions to some extent, both functionally as well as anatomically. The selection of the appropriate cell source (autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic cells, or stem cells) is undoubtedly regarded as key to successful meniscal tissue engineering. Furthermore, a large variation of scaffolds for tissue engineering have been proposed and produced in experimental and clinical studies, although a few problems with these (e.g., byproducts of degradation, stress shielding) have shifted research interest toward new strategies (e.g., scaffoldless approaches, self-assembly). A large number of different chemical (e.g., TGF-β1, C-ABC) and mechanical stimuli (e.g., direct compression, hydrostatic pressure) have also been investigated, both in terms of encouraging functional tissue formation, as well as in differentiating stem cells. Even though the problems accompanying meniscus tissue engineering research are considerable, we are undoubtedly in the dawn of a new era, whereby recent advances in biology, engineering, and medicine are leading to the successful treatment of meniscal lesions.
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Ionescu LC, Lee GC, Garcia GH, Zachry TL, Shah RP, Sennett BJ, Mauck RL. Maturation state-dependent alterations in meniscus integration: implications for scaffold design and tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:193-204. [PMID: 20712419 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The knee meniscus is a crucial component of the knee that functions to stabilize the joint, distribute load, and maintain congruency. Meniscus tears and degeneration are common, and natural healing is limited. Notably, few children present with meniscus injuries and other related fibrocartilaginous tissues heal regeneratively in immature animals and in the fetus. In this work, we evaluated fetal, juvenile, and adult bovine meniscus properties and repair capacity in vitro. Although no changes in cell behavior (migration and proliferation) were noted with age, drastic alterations in the density and distribution of the major components of meniscus tissue (proteoglycan, collagen, and DNA) occurred with development. Coincident with these marked tissue changes, the in vitro healing capacity of the tissue decreased with age. Fetal and juvenile meniscus formed a robust repair over 8 weeks on both a histological and mechanical basis, despite a lack of vascular supply. In contrast, adult meniscus did not integrate over this period. However, integration was improved significantly with the addition of the growth factor transforming growth factor-beta 3. Finally, to evaluate engineered scaffold integration in the context of aging, we monitored cellular infiltration from native tissue into engineered nanofibrous constructs. Our findings suggest that maturation processes that enable load bearing in the adult limit endogenous healing potential and identify new metrics for the development of tissue-engineered meniscus implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Ionescu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Sun Y, Mauerhan DR, Honeycutt PR, Kneisl JS, Norton HJ, Zinchenko N, Hanley EN, Gruber HE. Calcium deposition in osteoarthritic meniscus and meniscal cell culture. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R56. [PMID: 20353559 PMCID: PMC2888206 DOI: 10.1186/ar2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium crystals exist in the knee joint fluid of up to 65% of osteoarthritis (OA) patients and the presence of these calcium crystals correlates with the radiographic evidence of hyaline cartilaginous degeneration. This study sought to examine calcium deposition in OA meniscus and to investigate OA meniscal cell-mediated calcium deposition. The hypothesis was that OA meniscal cells may play a role in pathological meniscal calcification. METHODS Studies were approved by our human subjects Institutional Review Board. Menisci were collected during joint replacement surgeries for OA patients and during limb amputation surgeries for osteosarcoma patients. Calcium deposits in menisci were examined by alizarin red staining. Expression of genes involved in biomineralization in OA meniscal cells was examined by microarray and real-time RT-PCR. Cell-mediated calcium deposition in monolayer culture of meniscal cells was examined using an ATP-induced (45)calcium deposition assay. RESULTS Calcium depositions were detected in OA menisci but not in normal menisci. The expression of several genes involved in biomineralization including ENPP1 and ANKH was upregulated in OA meniscal cells. Consistently, ATP-induced calcium deposition in the monolayer culture of OA meniscal cells was much higher than that in the monolayer culture of control meniscal cells. CONCLUSIONS Calcium deposition is common in OA menisci. OA meniscal cells calcify more readily than normal meniscal cells. Pathological meniscal calcification, which may alter the biomechanical properties of the knee meniscus, is potentially an important contributory factor to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA.
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Sun Y, Mauerhan DR, Honeycutt PR, Kneisl JS, Norton JH, Hanley EN, Gruber HE. Analysis of meniscal degeneration and meniscal gene expression. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:19. [PMID: 20109188 PMCID: PMC2828422 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menisci play a vital role in load transmission, shock absorption and joint stability. There is increasing evidence suggesting that OA menisci may not merely be bystanders in the disease process of OA. This study sought: 1) to determine the prevalence of meniscal degeneration in OA patients, and 2) to examine gene expression in OA meniscal cells compared to normal meniscal cells. METHODS Studies were approved by our human subjects Institutional Review Board. Menisci and articular cartilage were collected during joint replacement surgery for OA patients and lower limb amputation surgery for osteosarcoma patients (normal control specimens), and graded. Meniscal cells were prepared from these meniscal tissues and expanded in monolayer culture. Differential gene expression in OA meniscal cells and normal meniscal cells was examined using Affymetrix microarray and real time RT-PCR. RESULTS The grades of meniscal degeneration correlated with the grades of articular cartilage degeneration (r = 0.672; P < 0.0001). Many of the genes classified in the biological processes of immune response, inflammatory response, biomineral formation and cell proliferation, including major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1), integrin, beta 2 (ITGB2), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), ankylosis, progressive homolog (ANKH) and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), were expressed at significantly higher levels in OA meniscal cells compared to normal meniscal cells. Importantly, many of the genes that have been shown to be differentially expressed in other OA cell types/tissues, including ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), were found to be expressed at significantly higher levels in OA meniscal cells. This consistency suggests that many of the genes detected in our study are disease-specific. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that OA is a whole joint disease. Meniscal cells may play an active role in the development of OA. Investigation of the gene expression profiles of OA meniscal cells may reveal new therapeutic targets for OA therapy and also may uncover novel disease markers for early diagnosis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - David R Mauerhan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Patrick R Honeycutt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kneisl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - James H Norton
- Department of Biostatistics, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Edward N Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
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Sanchez-Adams J, Athanasiou KA. The Knee Meniscus: A Complex Tissue of Diverse Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-009-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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